DK168962B1 - Process for manufacturing a building structure - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing a building structure Download PDF

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Publication number
DK168962B1
DK168962B1 DK431789A DK431789A DK168962B1 DK 168962 B1 DK168962 B1 DK 168962B1 DK 431789 A DK431789 A DK 431789A DK 431789 A DK431789 A DK 431789A DK 168962 B1 DK168962 B1 DK 168962B1
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
anchors
layer
concrete
frames
foam
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DK431789A
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Danish (da)
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DK431789A (en
DK431789D0 (en
Inventor
Johannes Petrus Van Eeden
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Int Dome Systems
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
    • E04G11/045—Inflatable forms

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

Method of manufacturing a building structure by spraying synthetic foam and concrete against the innerside of an inflated form (1) with anchors (3) for reinforcing rods (4) attached to the foam layer (2) which attachment of the anchors (3) takes place by provinding the anchors (3) with parts (9) which can be inserted into the completed foam layer whilst the application of the concrete layers (5), which takes place layer by layer, is performed in such a way that at least one layer is applied over the basis (8) of the anchors (3) prior to attaching the reinforcing rods (4) of the concrete to said anchors (3).

Description

i DK 168962 B1in DK 168962 B1

Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en bygningskonstruktion i overensstemmelse med krav l’s indledning.The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a building structure according to the preamble of claim 1.

En fremgangsmåde af denne art er kendt fra US patent-5 skrift nr. 4.155.967.A method of this kind is known from U.S. Patent No. 4,155,967.

Ved denne kendte metode påføres skumplastlaget lag for lag og ankrenes fodplader fastgøres ved hjælp af lim til det første lag skumplast. Denne fastgørelse er utilstrækkelig, og mange ankre falder ned under påvirkning af de kræf-10 ter, der opstår under påsprøjtningen og på grund af deformation af formen ved vindpåvirkning. Selv efter at ankrenes fødder er omgivet af det næste lag skumplast, som dækker fødderne, er ankrene ikke i stand til at optage de belastninger, der optræder, når armeringsstængerne fastgøres og 15 under påsprøjtning af betonen.In this known method, the foam plastic layer is applied layer by layer and the footplates of the anchors are fixed by glue to the first layer of foam plastic. This attachment is insufficient, and many anchors fall under the influence of the forces that occur during the spraying and due to deformation of the mold by wind stress. Even after the feet of the anchors are surrounded by the next layer of foam, which covers the feet, the anchors are unable to absorb the loads that occur when the reinforcing bars are fastened and when spraying the concrete.

Det er formålet med opfindelsen at anvise en fremgangsmåde ved hvilken arbejdet ikke forstyrres, af ankre, som ikke bibeholder deres korrekte stilling.The object of the invention is to provide a method in which the work is not disturbed by anchors which do not maintain their correct position.

Dette er ifølge opfindelsen opnået ved de i den ken-20 detegnende del af krav l angivne foranstaltninger.This is achieved according to the invention by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

På grund af den omstændighed, at skumplastlaget har opnået sin endelige tykkelse, inden ankrene monteres, er det muligt at indsætte de ombøjede dele af forankringsstængernes fødder på enkel vis i skumplastlaget. Som følge heraf 25 er ankrene hurtigt fastgjort.Due to the fact that the foam layer has reached its final thickness before the anchors are mounted, it is possible to insert the bent parts of the feet of the anchoring rods in the foam layer simply. As a result, the anchors are quickly fastened.

Idet det første betonlag desuden sprøjtes henover og dækker ankrenes fødder, tilvejebringes der et hårdt lag, som fastholder ankrene på en sådan måde, at de ikke længere kan løsne sig, og således at de kan bære vægten af armerings-30 stængerne og modstå de kræfter, som optræder under påsprøjtning af betonen på ankrene og armeringsstængerne, inklusive vægten af de endnu ikke helt hærdede betonpartier.Furthermore, as the first concrete layer is sprayed over and covers the feet of the anchors, a hard layer is provided which retains the anchors in such a way that they can no longer loosen and so that they can bear the weight of the reinforcing bars and withstand the forces. , which occurs while spraying the concrete onto the anchors and reinforcing bars, including the weight of the not yet fully cured concrete sections.

Armeringen er fortrinsvis af en sådan art, at den kan forspændes i det mindste i horisontale planer. Dette er 35 blevet muligt ved den stive fastgørelse af ankrene.The reinforcement is preferably such that it can be biased at least in horizontal planes. This has been made possible by the rigid attachment of the anchors.

Det bemærkes, at fra US-A-3.277.219 kendes en frem- DK 168962 B1 2 gangsmåde til fremstilling af en bygningskonstruktion ved benyttelse af en oppustelig form, mod hvis inderside et skumplastlag sprøjtes, indtil laget har sin fulde krævede tykkelse. Efter påsprøjtning og afslutning af dette lag 5 indsættes ankre i skumplastlaget i form af tråd clips med en med modhager forsynet eller ombukket indsat ende, som tilvejebringer en fastgørelse, således at armeringsstænger kan fastgøres på ankrene, før nogen påsprøjtning af beton. Monteringen af disse ankre ved tryk eller hamring er tids-10 røvende og kan beskadige skumplastlaget. Beton påføres kun for første gang, efter at armeringsstængerne er anbragt. Selv om denne kendte fremgangsmåde omtaler muligheden for først at fremstille skumplastlaget til dets endelige tykkelse er nået, har den ulemper med hensyn til monteringen af ank-15 rene.It is noted that from US-A-3,277,219 a method of producing a building structure using an inflatable mold is known, against which the inside of a foam plastic layer is sprayed until the layer has its full required thickness. After spraying and finishing this layer 5, anchors are inserted into the foam plastic layer in the form of wire clips with a barbed or bent insert which provides a fastening so that reinforcing bars can be secured to the anchors before any concrete spraying. The mounting of these anchors by pressure or hammering is time-consuming and can damage the foam plastic layer. Concrete is applied for the first time only after the reinforcing bars are installed. Although this known method discloses the possibility of first producing the foamed plastic layer until its final thickness is reached, it has disadvantages with respect to mounting of the anchors.

Påsprøjtning af plast kan udføres således, at hele indersiden af formen dækkes, således at der allerede er tilvejebragt en bygningskonstruktion af plast såsom en hvælving.Spraying of plastics can be carried out so that the entire inside of the mold is covered so that a building structure of plastic such as a vault is already provided.

20 Det er også muligt at sprøjte dele af højden med plast og at begynde påsprøjtningen af betonen allerede, medens sprøjtningen af plast fortsætter opad mod toppen.20 It is also possible to spray parts of the height with plastic and to start spraying the concrete already, while the spraying of plastic continues upwards towards the top.

Monteringen af armeringstængerne kan foregå således, at armeringen først fuldføres, før de yderligere betonlag 25 påføres. Man kan imidlertid også udføre arbejdet på den måde, at betonlagene påføres efter montering af en del af armeringen, i hvilket tilfælde monteringen af armeringsstængerne fortsætter opad efterfulgt af påsprøjtningen af betonen, som naturligvis starter nedefra.The reinforcement bars can be mounted so that the reinforcement is completed before the additional concrete layers 25 are applied. However, one can also do the work in that the concrete layers are applied after mounting part of the reinforcement, in which case the mounting of the reinforcing bars continues upwards followed by the spraying of the concrete, which naturally starts from below.

30 Den syntetiske form kan forblive på plads i stedet for‘at blive fjernet efter brug. Til udførelse af arbejdet kan benyttes en transportabel platformløft, som med den yderste ende af en svingbar og forlængelig arm bærer en arbejdsplatform, hvorfra enhver position inde i den opblæste 35 form kan nås med sprøjteapparater.The synthetic form may remain in place instead of being removed after use. To carry out the work, a portable platform lift can be used which, with the outer end of a pivotable and extendable arm, carries a working platform from which any position within the inflated form can be reached by sprayers.

Med opfindelsen er det blevet muligt at fremstille DK 168962 B1 3 bygningskonstruktioner, fortrinsvis med hvælvetform, på simpel måde. Bygningerne kan have et cirkulært fundament og være delsfæriske. De kan imidlertid også have et ovalt fundament eller endog et rektangulært fundament.With the invention, it has become possible to fabricate building structures, preferably with a vault shape, in a simple manner. The buildings may have a circular foundation and be semi-spherical. However, they may also have an oval foundation or even a rectangular foundation.

5 Opfindelsen angår også et anker til anvendelse ved fremgangsmåde ifølge opfindelsen, hvilke anker, som kendt fra US patentskrift nr. 4.155.967 har en perforeret fodplade, hvortil der er fastgjort en stang, og ankeret kan ifølge opfindelsen have tunger, som er skåret fri af pladen og er 10 bøjet ind i en stilling vinkelret på pladens plan og bort fra stangen. Dette anker har en sådan form, at det kan indsættes med tungerne i skumplastlaget.The invention also relates to an anchor for use in the method according to the invention, which anchor, as known from US Patent No. 4,155,967, has a perforated foot plate to which a rod is attached and the anchor may have tongues which are cut free according to the invention. of the plate and is bent into a position perpendicular to the plane of the plate and away from the rod. This anchor has such a shape that it can be inserted with the tongues into the foam plastic layer.

Opfindelsen beskrives nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til tegningen, hvor 15 fig. 1 viser en del af en bygningskonstruktion frem stillet ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 en udførelsesform for ankeret ifølge opfindelsen og fig. 3a-f forskellige faser af fremgangsmåden ifølge 20 opfindelsen.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which 1 shows a part of a building structure made by the method according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the anchor according to the invention; and FIG. 3a-f different phases of the method according to the invention.

Bygningskonstruktionen som kan fremstilles ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen har en form 1, som ved blæsning er bragt i den rigtige, ønskede facon. Formen er af plast, og mod dens inderside påføres et lag 2 af syntetisk skum 25 ved sprøjtning. Ankrene 3 fastgøres på laget, og armeringsstænger 4 fastgøres til ankrene. Til montering af ankrene kan der gøres brug af en hjælpearmering 4' såsom stænger, der bærer ankrene under udføringen af yderligere arbejdsoperationer. Rummet omkring armeringstængerne, som udad er 30 afgrænset af laget 2 af syntetisk skum fyldes med beton 5 ved ‘ sprøjtning. Før opbygning af betonlaget 5 lag for lag sprøjtes et første lag 5' over ankrenes fodplader 8. Plastformen 1 er ved 6 luftæt forbundet et præfabrikeret fundament 7.The building structure which can be manufactured by the method according to the invention has a shape 1 which, when blown, is brought into the correct desired shape. The mold is plastic and a layer 2 of synthetic foam 25 is applied to the inside of it by spraying. Anchors 3 are attached to the layer and reinforcing bars 4 are attached to the anchors. For mounting the anchors, an auxiliary reinforcement 4 'can be used, such as rods carrying the anchors during the execution of further work operations. The space around the reinforcing bars, which is outwardly bounded by the synthetic foam layer 2, is filled with concrete 5 by spraying. Prior to the construction of the concrete layer 5 layer by layer, a first layer 5 'is sprayed over the anchors footplates 8. The plastic mold 1 is connected to a prefabricated foundation 7 at 6 air tight.

35 Ankrene kan have den i fig. 2 viste form, hvor de består af en perforeret fodplade 8 med ombøjede tunger 9, DK 168962 B1 4 der kan presses ind i laget 2 af syntetisk skum, og med en udadrettet stang eller arm 10, som tjener til at forbinde ankrene med armeringstænger. Ved påføringen af det første betonlag 5' holdes ankrene 3 tilstrækkelig sikkert på plads 5 til at bære armeringsstængerne.The anchors may have the one shown in FIG. 2, they consist of a perforated foot plate 8 with bent tongues 9, which can be pressed into the layer 2 of synthetic foam, and with an outwardly extending rod or arm 10 which serves to connect the anchors with reinforcing bars. When applying the first concrete layer 5 ', the anchors 3 are held securely enough in place 5 to support the reinforcing bars.

I fig. 3 viser fig. 3a skematisk en del af et ringformet fundament 7, som skal tilvejebringes.In FIG. 3 shows FIG. 3a schematically shows a portion of an annular foundation 7 to be provided.

Fig. 3b viser anbringelsen af formen 1 i endnu ikke opblæst tilstand, og fig. 3c viser formen under opblæsning 10 ved hjælp af blæsere 11. Den oppustede hal er forsynet med en lukning eller luftsluse 12 af i sig selv kendt type.FIG. 3b shows the placement of the mold 1 in a puffy state, and FIG. 3c shows the mold during inflation 10 by means of blowers 11. The inflated hall is provided with a closure or air lock 12 of a type known per se.

Fig. 3d viser den oppustede hal med et parti bortskåret. I hallen befinder sig et arbejdsredskab 13 med en ar-bejdsplatform 14, ved hjælp af hvilken syntetisk skum, såsom 15 polyurethan gennem en ledning 15 kan tilføres fra et skematisk vist apparat 16 og sprøjtes på indersiden af den oppustede form 1.FIG. 3d shows the inflated hall with a section cut away. In the hall is a working tool 13 with a working platform 14 by means of which synthetic foam, such as 15 polyurethane, can be supplied through a conduit 15 from a schematically shown apparatus 16 and sprayed on the inside of the inflated mold 1.

Fig. 3e viser monteringen af horisontale ringformede armeringstænger og af armeringsstænger, der forløber i verti-20 kale planer. Efter at disse armeringstænger er monteret kan beton 5' henholdsvis 5, som vist i fig. 3f, påsprøjtes ved hjælp af arbejdsredskabet 13.FIG. 3e shows the mounting of horizontal annular reinforcing bars and of reinforcing bars extending in vertical planes. After these reinforcing bars are mounted, concrete 5 'and 5, respectively, as shown in FIG. 3f, sprayed with the tool 13.

Til den fremstillede færdige hal behøves ikke længere blæserne og indgangen eller luftslusen.The finished hall is no longer required for the fans and the entrance or the air lock.

25 Dersom bygningen skal have vinduer, kan hjælperammer ved hjælp af ankre anbringes på det syntetiske skumstoflag 2, som skematisk antydet ved 17 i fig. 3d. Efter at bygningskonstruktionen er færdig, dvs. efter hærdning af den beton, som omgiver hjælperammerne, kan formens plastlag og 30 skumplastlaget bortskæres, og en rigtig vinduesramme med ellér uden glas kan anbringes i den derved frembragte åbning.25 If the building is to have windows, auxiliary frames can be fitted by means of anchors to the synthetic foam layer 2, as schematically indicated by 17 in FIG. 3d. After the building construction is completed, ie. after hardening of the concrete surrounding the auxiliary frames, the plastic layer of the mold and the foam plastic layer can be cut off and a real window frame with ellier without glass can be placed in the opening thus produced.

Claims (3)

2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at armeringen kan forspændes i det mindste i 25 horisontale planer.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement can be prestressed at least in 25 horizontal planes. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1 og 2, ved hvilken vinduesrammer og lignende rammer anbringes fastgjort ved påsprøjtning af betonlaget, kendetegnet ved, at rammerne er midlertidige rammer med form og dimensioner 30 svarende til form og dimensioner af de færdige vinduesrammer, og at disse midlertidige rammer anbringes på skumplastlaget, og at formmaterialet og skumplasten efter påføring af betonen fjernes på stederne ved rammerne, og disse udtages og erstattes med de endelige vinduesrammer.Method according to claims 1 and 2, in which window frames and similar frames are fixed by spraying the concrete layer, characterized in that the frames are temporary frames of shape and dimensions 30 corresponding to the shape and dimensions of the finished window frames and that these temporary frames is applied to the foam layer and the molding material and foam after removal of the concrete is removed at the locations by the frames and removed and replaced with the final window frames. 4. Anker til brug ved fremgangsmåde ifølge et eller flere af de foregående krav og omfattende en perforeret DK 168962 B1 fodplade til hvilken en stang er fastgjort, kendetegnet ved, at fodpladen (8) har tunger (9), som er skåret fri af pladen (8) og er bukket om i en stilling vinkelret på pladens plan (8) og vender bort fra stangen (10). 5Anchor for use in a method according to one or more of the preceding claims and comprising a perforated DK 168962 B1 foot plate to which a rod is attached, characterized in that the foot plate (8) has tongues (9) cut free from the plate. (8) and is folded into a position perpendicular to the plane of the plate (8) and facing away from the rod (10). 5
DK431789A 1988-09-01 1989-08-31 Process for manufacturing a building structure DK168962B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8802165A NL8802165A (en) 1988-09-01 1988-09-01 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A CONSTRUCTION WORK
NL8802165 1988-09-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK431789D0 DK431789D0 (en) 1989-08-31
DK431789A DK431789A (en) 1990-03-02
DK168962B1 true DK168962B1 (en) 1994-07-18

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ID=19852843

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DK431789A DK168962B1 (en) 1988-09-01 1989-08-31 Process for manufacturing a building structure

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EP (1) EP0357151B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE74393T1 (en)
DD (1) DD296139A5 (en)
DE (1) DE68901117D1 (en)
DK (1) DK168962B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2030968T5 (en)
GR (2) GR3004564T3 (en)
HK (1) HK62892A (en)
IE (1) IE61649B1 (en)
NL (1) NL8802165A (en)
NO (1) NO177611C (en)
PL (1) PL162385B1 (en)
PT (1) PT91603A (en)
RU (1) RU1828484C (en)

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GB8811465D0 (en) * 1988-03-28 1988-06-15 Pemberton J M Method of culverting river/canal
NL9301988A (en) * 1993-11-17 1995-06-16 Int Dome Systems Cyprus Ltd Method for manufacturing a tunnel-shaped hood or screen over a traffic route, such as a motorway or railway.
ES2113780B1 (en) * 1994-04-25 1999-01-01 Rauet Ginau Juan IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE MONOLITHIC STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION PROCESS.
DE19637567B4 (en) * 1996-09-14 2006-07-13 Koch & Mayer Bauunternehmung Gmbh & Co Kg Method of manufacturing a building
AU2007100985B4 (en) * 2007-07-31 2008-09-04 Domeshells Australia Pty Ltd An improved system, method and apparatus for constructing compound curve sandwich shell structures
US8297282B2 (en) 2007-11-23 2012-10-30 Holley Merrell T Hyperbaric exercise facility, hyperbaric dome, catastrophe or civil defense shelter
NO329661B1 (en) 2009-09-08 2010-11-22 Hoegskolen I Soeroest Norge Large-scale shell structures
CN103669953A (en) * 2013-12-09 2014-03-26 中煤建筑安装工程集团有限公司 Construction method with space gas film as formwork
FR3092855B1 (en) 2019-02-15 2021-03-12 Guillaume Desrocques COVER STRUCTURE FOR A SITE EMITTING POLLUTANTS, ITS CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROCESS IMPLEMENTING THIS COVERED STRUCTURE
CN113585760A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-11-02 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for building ice-shell building based on natural ice and ice-snow composite material
CN115045323A (en) * 2022-07-11 2022-09-13 天津大学 Geopolymer air film concrete suction bucket foundation and construction method thereof

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FR781192A (en) * 1934-11-13 1935-05-10 Method of fixing a protective network on soundproof and non-combustible coverings
US3277219A (en) * 1961-03-27 1966-10-04 Lloyd S Turner Method of molding a building structure by spraying a foamed plastic on the inside of an inflatable form
US4155967A (en) * 1977-03-07 1979-05-22 Barry South Building structure and method of making same
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Publication number Publication date
EP0357151B2 (en) 1996-08-14
EP0357151A3 (en) 1990-10-24
DD296139A5 (en) 1991-11-21
EP0357151A2 (en) 1990-03-07
NO893502D0 (en) 1989-08-31
GR3021625T3 (en) 1997-02-28
ES2030968T5 (en) 1996-12-16
PT91603A (en) 1990-03-30
ATE74393T1 (en) 1992-04-15
IE892807L (en) 1990-03-01
PL162385B1 (en) 1993-10-30
EP0357151B1 (en) 1992-04-01
RU1828484C (en) 1993-07-15
NO177611B (en) 1995-07-10
ES2030968T3 (en) 1992-11-16
IE61649B1 (en) 1994-11-16
NO893502L (en) 1990-03-02
NO177611C (en) 1995-10-18
NL8802165A (en) 1990-04-02
HK62892A (en) 1992-08-28
GR3004564T3 (en) 1993-04-28
DK431789A (en) 1990-03-02
DK431789D0 (en) 1989-08-31
DE68901117D1 (en) 1992-05-07

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