DK166310B

DK166310B - Apparatus for crushing hard materials, especially rocks and coal

Info

Publication number: DK166310B
Application number: DK369987A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Heikki Antero Huhdankoski
Original assignee: Roxon Oy
Priority date: 1986-07-28
Filing date: 1987-07-15
Publication date: 1993-04-05
Also published as: SE8702876L; DK166310C; SE8702876D0; FI76503C; SE500429C2; FI863092A7; FI76503B; DK369987D0; FI863092A0; DK369987A

Description

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Opfindelsen angår et knusningsapparat, som omfatter et af 5- en i hovedsagen cylindrisk eller konisk modholdsflade afgrænset kammer og en i kammeret anbragt roterbar rotor, som er forsynet med om deres aksler roterbart lejrede og i rotorens radielle retning begrænset bevægelige knusningsorga-ner, der er indrettet til at kunne bevæge sig forbi den 10 krumme modholdsflade, så knusningen af det til behandling beregnede materiale, som af tyngdekraften eller af centrifugal- og tyngdekraften kan bevæges fra en højere beliggende indføringsende til en lavere beliggende udløbsende, sker, når det havner mellem de af centrifugalkraften påvir-15 kede roterende knusningsorganer og modholdsfladen.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a crushing apparatus comprising a chamber 5 substantially defined by a cylindrical or tapered retaining surface and a rotatable rotor disposed in the chamber provided with rotatably mounted shafts and movable crushing means in the radial direction of the rotor. arranged to be able to move past the curved retaining surface so that the crushing of the material intended for processing, which can be moved by gravity or by centrifugal and gravity from a higher-lying insertion end to a lower-lying outlet end, occurs between the centrifugal force influenced by rotary crushing means and the retaining surface.

Med den nævnte teknik knuses hårde materialer, såsom stenemner og kul, til en ønsket maksimal størrelse. Den almindeligste anvendelse er knusning af stenkul.With said technique, hard materials, such as stone blanks and coal, are crushed to a desired maximum size. The most common use is coal crushing.

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Til knusningen anvendes i almindelighed en ringknuser, som omfatter et kammer, hvori der er lejret en vandret rotor.For the crushing, generally a ring crusher is used which comprises a chamber in which is mounted a horizontal rotor.

Til rotoren er der radielt fastgjort ringformede hamre, som frit kan rotere om deres egne aksler. I kammerets forreste 25 part findes en modholdsflade, og kammerets bund udgøres sædvanligvis af en i cirkelbueform bøjet perforeret plade eller et af tværgående stænger bestående gitter. Endvidere hører der til knusningsapparatet som oftest et opsamlingsorgan til opsamling af ikke-knuste partikler.The rotor has radially attached annular hammers which are free to rotate about their own shafts. In the front part of the chamber is a retaining surface, and the bottom of the chamber is usually constituted by a perforated plate bent in a circular shape or a grid consisting of transverse bars. Furthermore, the crushing apparatus is usually a collecting means for collecting non-crushed particles.

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Knusningen i et sådant knusningsapparat sker ved at indføre materialet, som skal knuses, i kammeret gennem en indføringsåbning, som ligger oven over rotoren, hvorved rotoren slår materialet mod modholdsfladerne, så de store partikler 35 knuses, og transporterer materialet videre til kammerets bundgitter. Det tilstrækkeligt knuste materiale slyngesThe crushing in such a crushing apparatus is accomplished by introducing the material to be crushed into the chamber through an insertion aperture located above the rotor, whereby the rotor strikes the material against the abutment surfaces so that the large particles 35 are crushed and transfers the material to the bottom grid of the chamber. The sufficiently crushed material is thrown

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2 derved ud gennem gitterets åbninger, medens de større partikler bliver tilbage i knusningsapparatet og udsættes for yderligere slag, til også de er blevet knust i en sådan grad, at de kan passere ud igennem gitterets åbninger.2 thereby through the openings of the grating while the larger particles remain in the crushing apparatus and are subjected to further blows until they have also been crushed to such an extent that they can pass out through the openings of the grating.

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I den ovenfor beskrevne knusningsteknik er den største u-lempe, at det til behandling beregnede materiale både er fugtigt og forurenet, idet for eksempel kul indeholder rigeligt med ler eller lignende finkornede forureninger, 10 hvorfor materialet har tendens til at pakke sammen ved bundgitterets åbninger. Et delvist tilstoppet bundgitter nedsætter hurtigt knusningsapparatets kapacitet og den af rotoren medbragte materialestrøm fylder opsamlingsorganet. Desuden har materialet tendens til at klæbe til indersiden 15 af indføringsåbningen på det sted, som træffes af materialestrømmen, så der også består fare for, at indføringsåbningen bliver tilstoppet. Opsamlingsorganets sårbarhed over for overfyldning forudsætter en regelmæssig tømning af dette, idet de hårde og ikke-knuste partikler ved overfyldning 20 af opsamlingsorganet forbliver i kammeret og roterer sammen med rotoren, og forårsager slidtage på knusningsapparatet.In the above-described crushing technique, the major disadvantage is that the material intended for treatment is both moist and contaminated, for example, coal contains plenty of clay or similar fine-grained contaminants, which is why the material tends to compact at the bottom grid openings. A partially clogged bottom grille quickly reduces the capacity of the crushing apparatus and the material flow brought by the rotor fills the collecting means. In addition, the material tends to adhere to the inside 15 of the feed opening at the location hit by the material flow, so that there is also a danger of the feed opening being clogged. The vulnerability of the collecting means to overfilling requires a regular emptying thereof, as the hard and non-crushed particles during overflow 20 of the collecting means remain in the chamber and rotate with the rotor, causing wear on the crushing apparatus.

I den beskrevne knusningsteknik findes yderligere den ulempe, at reguleringen af produktets partikelstørrelse er en 25 arbejdskrævende og svær operation. Partikelstørrelsen er en funktion af diameteren af hullerne i bundgitteret, gitterskivens tykkelse, dens afstand fra rotoren og af afstanden mellem modholdsfladen og rotoren, og en vellykket justering forudsætter et nøje kendskab til disse faktorers 30 indbyrdes samvirke.In the described crushing technique there is further the disadvantage that the regulation of the particle size of the product is a labor intensive and difficult operation. The particle size is a function of the diameter of the holes in the bottom grid, the thickness of the grid disc, its distance from the rotor and the distance between the retaining surface and the rotor, and a successful adjustment requires a close knowledge of the interaction of these factors.

Ved et fra DK fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 155 691 kendt knus-ningsapparat af den indledningsvist angivne art er man for at nedsætte risikoen for tilstopning gået den vej at fjerne 35 bundgitteret, hvorved knusningsapparatet bliver meget egnet til maling af korn og olieholdige foderstoffer. ReguleringBy means of a crushing device of the type mentioned in the prior art known from DK No. 155,691, in order to reduce the risk of clogging, the way has been to remove the bottom grating, whereby the crushing apparatus becomes very suitable for grinding grain and oil-containing feed. Regulation

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3 af produktets partikelstørrelse sker tilsyneladende alene ved udskiftning af knusningsorganerne og/eller rotoren til ændring af afstanden mellem modholdsfladen og knusningsorganerne .3 of the product particle size appears to occur only by replacing the crushing means and / or the rotor to change the distance between the retaining surface and the crushing means.

5 - Nærværende opfindelse tager sigte på at anvise et knusningsapparat, hvor de med den kendte knusningsteknik forbundne ulemper er undgået.The present invention aims to provide a crushing apparatus which avoids the disadvantages associated with the prior art crushing technique.

10 Dette formål opnås med et knusningsapparat af den indledningsvist angivne art, hvilket knusningsapparat ifølge opfindelsen er særegent ved, at modholdsfladen består af om kammerets længderetning krumme skiveelementer, der ved deres ene kant er fastgjort til en ydre væg og ved deres an-15 den kant er frie, og hvilke skiveelementer er forsynet med spændeorganer, hvormed skiveelementerne kan bøjes mod rotorens aksel til justering af afstanden mellem modholdsfladen og knusningsorganerne.This object is achieved with a crushing apparatus of the type mentioned initially, which crushing apparatus according to the invention is peculiar in that the abutment surface consists of longitudinally curved disc elements attached to one outer wall and at their other edge at the edge of the chamber. are free and which disc elements are provided with clamping means by which the disc elements can be bent against the rotor shaft for adjusting the distance between the retaining surface and the crushing means.

20 Den væsentligste fordel ved knusningsapparatet ifølge opfindelsen i forhold til den kendte teknik er, at det knuste materiale ikke behøver at trænge gennem et særligt gitter eller en perforeret plade, men at det kan undslippe som en rask strøm gennem en stor åbning i kammerets udløbsende.The main advantage of the crushing apparatus according to the invention in relation to the prior art is that the crushed material does not have to penetrate a particular grating or perforated plate, but that it can escape as a fast flow through a large opening at the outlet end of the chamber.

25 Strømningens hastighed kan herved holdes så stor, at den kan bortslide materiale, som klæber fast til kammerets væg og forhindre tilstopning af åbningerne.The flow velocity can thereby be maintained so that it can wear away material which adheres to the wall of the chamber and prevent clogging of the openings.

I knusningsapparatet ifølge opfindelsen reguleres partikel-30 størrelsen for det knuste produkt ved hjælp af afstanden mellem modholdsfladen, det vil sige kammerets væg, og bevægelsesbanen for knusningsorganerne, såsom de rundt om deres aksler lejrede ringe. Justeringen kan være nødvendig alene af den årsag, at de for slidtage udsatte dele i knusnings-35 apparatet slides, så der fremkommer en tilvækst i produktets partikelstørrelse. Denne justering udføres fordelag- 4In the crushing apparatus of the invention, the particle size of the crushed product is controlled by the distance between the retaining surface, that is, the wall of the chamber, and the path of movement of the crushing means such as the rings encircled around their shafts. The adjustment may be necessary solely for the reason that the parts exposed to wear in the crushing apparatus wear, so that an increase in the particle size of the product appears. This adjustment is performed advantageously 4

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tigt ved hjælp af spændeorganer, som trykker mod skiveelementerne, så disse kan bøjes mod rotorens aksel.tightly by means of clamping means which press against the disc elements so that they can be bent against the shaft of the rotor.

Spændeorganerne kan fordelagtigt være skruer, hvorved ju-5 - steringen sker på enkel måde ved at løsne eller spænde skruerne, hvilket tilmed kan udføres, medens knusningsappa-ratet arbejder.Advantageously, the clamping means can be screws, whereby the adjustment is done simply by loosening or tightening the screws, which can also be carried out while the crushing apparatus is working.

Især ved knusning af meget groft materiale kan det være 10 særligt fordelagtigt at gøre afstanden mellem knusningsor-ganerne og kammerets væg større i knusningskammerets øvre del end i dets nedre del. Herved formindskes partikelstørrelsen af materialet, som skal knuses, successivt, når det gradvist bevæges oppefra og nedefter i kammeret.Especially when crushing very coarse material, it may be particularly advantageous to make the distance between the crushing means and the chamber wall greater in the upper part of the crushing chamber than in its lower part. Thereby, the particle size of the material to be crushed is successively reduced as it is gradually moved from top to bottom in the chamber.

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Knusningsapparatet ifølge opfindelsen beskrives nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til de på tegningen viste udførelseseksempler, idet 20 fig. 1 viser et længdesnit i en første udførelsesform for et knusningsapparat ifølge opfindelsen omfattende et cylindrisk knusningskammer, fig. 2 viser det i fig. 1 med II-II viste snit, 25 fig. 3 som svarer til fig. 2, viser skiveelementer, der danner knusningskammerets væg, idet skiveelementerne er vist i deres indadspændte stilling, og 30 fig. 4 viser et længdesnit i en anden udførelsesform for et knusningsapparat ifølge opfindelsen, hvor knus-ningskammeret er konisk.The crushing apparatus according to the invention is described in greater detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the invention comprising a cylindrical crushing chamber; FIG. 2 shows that in FIG. 1 with sections II-II, FIG. 3 corresponding to FIG. 2 shows disc elements forming the wall of the crushing chamber, the disc elements being shown in their inwardly tensioned position, and FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section in another embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the invention, wherein the crushing chamber is tapered.

I fig. 1-3 vises et ring-knusningsapparat, som omfatter et 35 lodret, cylindrisk knusningskammer 1 og en lodret rotor 2, hvis aksel er anbragt i knusningskammerets centralakse.In FIG. 1-3, an annular crushing apparatus is shown which comprises a vertical cylindrical crushing chamber 1 and a vertical rotor 2, the shaft of which is located in the central axis of the crushing chamber.

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Knusningskemmerets 1 væg, der under knusningen fungerer som modholdsflade, består af fire krumme skiveelementer 3, som er anbragt ringformet og er fastgjort til en ydre cylindrisk væg 4. Hvert og et af skiveelementerne 3 er fastgjort 5 - til væggen 4 ved kun den ene langsgående kant, medens de øvrige dele er frie, så skiveelementernes 3 stilling kan reguleres ved hjælp af spændeskruer 5, som er ført gennem væggen 4. Rotoren 2 omfatter seks knusningsorganer 6, som er roterbart lejrede om aksler 7, som ved broer 8 er for-10 bundet med rotorens 2 aksel 9. Som det fremgår af fig. 2-3, er knusningsorganerne 6 anbragt om akslerne 7 med et sådant spillerum, at de i begrænset omfang kan bevæge sig i rotorens 2 radielle retning. Rotoren 2 kan roteres af en uden for knusningskammeret 1 placeret motor 10. Indføringen i 15 knusningskammeret 1 af materialet, som skal behandles, sker gennem den oven på knusningskammeret 1 beliggende indføringsåbning 11. Det knuste materiale forlader knusningskammeret 1 gennem de i dettes nedre ende beliggende udløbsåbninger 12. Udløbsåbningerne 12 afgrænses dels af væggen 4 i 20 knusningskammeret 1 og dels af en bro 13, der fra to modstående steder på nævnte væg 4 spænder over knusningskamme-rets 1 nedre ende, på hvilken bro 13 rotorens aksel 9 er lejret.The wall of the crushing chamber 1, which during the crushing acts as a retaining surface, consists of four curved disc elements 3 which are arranged annularly and are fixed to an outer cylindrical wall 4. Each of the disc elements 3 is fixed 5 - to the wall 4 by only one longitudinal edge, while the other parts are free, so that the position of the disc elements 3 can be controlled by means of clamping screws 5, which are passed through the wall 4. The rotor 2 comprises six crushing means 6 which are rotatably mounted about shafts 7, which are closed at bridges 8. 10 connected to the shaft 9. of the rotor 2 As can be seen in FIG. 2-3, the crushing means 6 are disposed about the shafts 7 with such clearance that they can move to a limited extent in the radial direction of the rotor 2. The rotor 2 can be rotated by an engine 10. located outside the crushing chamber 1. The insertion into the crushing chamber 1 of the material to be treated takes place through the inlet opening 11 located on top of the crushing chamber 1. The crushed material leaves the crushing chamber 1 through the lower end thereof. outlet openings 12. The outlet openings 12 are delimited partly by the wall 4 of the crushing chamber 1 and partly by a bridge 13 which spans from two opposite locations on said wall 4 over the lower end of the crushing chamber 1, on which the shaft 9 of the rotor shaft 9 is mounted.

25 I det viste knusningsapparat indføres materialet, som skal knuses, i knusningskammeret 1 i det væsentlige som en strøm i rotorakslens 9 retning. Den roterende rotor 2 slynger materialet mod modholdsfladerne, det vil sige mod knusnings-kammerets væg 3, idet materialet samtidigt påføres en tan-30 gentielt rettet hastighedskomponent. Materialet bevæges langs væggen i en cirkelformet bane, hvorved centrifugalkraften og friktionen mellem materialet og væggen 3 bremser denne bevægelse, så materialets bevægelseshastighed nedsættes og de til rotoren 2 hørende ringformede knusningsorga-35 ner 6 indhenter de langs væggen 3 glidende partikler i overstørrelse. Knusningsorganerne 6, som er radielt forsky- 6In the crushing apparatus shown, the material to be crushed is introduced into the crushing chamber 1 substantially as a flow in the direction of the rotor shaft 9. The rotating rotor 2 hurls the material toward the abutment surfaces, that is, against the crushing chamber wall 3, the material being simultaneously applied to a momentarily directed speed component. The material is moved along the wall in a circular path, whereby the centrifugal force and friction between the material and the wall 3 slow down this movement so that the speed of movement of the material is slowed down and the annular crushing members 6 of the rotor 2 collect the oversized sliding particles 3 over the wall. The crushing means 6 which are radially displaced 6

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deligt fastholdt til deres aksler 7, er på grund af centrifugalkraften i deres radielt yderste stilling, så et knus-ningsorgan, når det har indhentet en partikel, som er stør-' re end gabet mellem knusningsorganets overflade og knus-5 . ningskammerets væg 3, træffer partiklen med en kraft svarende til centrifugalkraften. Hvis denne kraft frembringer en spænding, som oversiger partiklens indre sammenhængskraft, brydes partiklen i stykker.partially secured to their shafts 7, due to the centrifugal force in their radially outermost position, a crushing means, when it has obtained a particle, is larger than the gap between the surface of the crushing means and crusher-5. 3, the particle engages with a force corresponding to the centrifugal force. If this force produces a voltage which exceeds the internal cohesiveness of the particle, the particle is broken.

10 Det findelte materiale cirkulerer langs med knusningskamme-rets 1 vægoverflade i en skrueformet bane, idet tyngdekraften frembringer bevægelsens lodrette komponent. Det findelte materiale, hvis partikelstørrelse er mindre end gabet mellem knusningsorganerne 6 og knusningskammerets væg 3, 15 bevæger sig gennem knusningskammeret 1, uden unødig yderligere sønderbrydning, så fremkomsten af støv bliver minimal.The finely divided material circulates along the wall surface of the crushing chamber 1 in a helical web, gravity generating the vertical component of the movement. The finely divided material, whose particle size is smaller than the gap between the crushing means 6 and the crushing chamber wall 3, 15, moves through the crushing chamber 1, without unnecessary further breaking, so that the appearance of dust becomes minimal.

Når en hel partikel havner mellem et knusningsorgan 6 og knusningskammerets 1 væg 3, uden at den ved den påførte 20 kraft frembragte spænding overstiger partiklens indre sammenhængskraft, viger knusningsorganet 6 for partiklen i retning mod rotorens 2 aksel 9, og springer over partiklen. Dette gentages indtil partiklen er sunket ned til knusningskammerets 1 nedre del uden for knusningsorganernes 6 25 rækkevidde.When an entire particle falls between a crushing member 6 and the wall 3 of the crushing chamber 1, without exceeding the voltage generated by the applied force, the crushing member 6 of the particle deviates in the direction of the shaft 9 of the rotor 2 and skips over the particle. This is repeated until the particle has sunk to the lower part of the crushing chamber 1 outside the reach of the crushing means 6.

I fig. 4 vises et knusningsapparat ifølge opfindelsen, hvilket knusningsapparat alene adskiller sig fra det i fig.In FIG. 4, a crushing apparatus according to the invention is shown, which is different from the crushing apparatus of FIG.

1-3 viste ved, at knusningskammeret 1 og de ringformede 30 knusningsorganer 6 udvider sig konisk nedad, og at afstanden mellem knusningsorganerne 6 og knusningskammerets 1 væg 3 formindskes i retning oppefra og nedefter. Med disse midler opnås det, at materialet, som skal knuses, gradvist nedbrydes til mindre partikelstørrelse ved dets bevægelse 35 nedad i knusningskammeret 1.1-3 showed that the crushing chamber 1 and the annular crushing means 6 extend conically downwardly and that the distance between the crushing means 6 and the wall 3 of the crushing chamber 1 is reduced in the upward and downward direction. By these means, it is obtained that the material to be crushed is gradually decomposed to smaller particle size by its movement downwardly in the crushing chamber 1.

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For en fagmand er det klart, at opfindelsens forskellige udførelsesformer ikke begrænser sig til de ovenfor beskrevne eksempler, men at de kan varieres inden for rammerne af de efterfølgende patentkrav. Således er det muligt, at 5 . knusningskammerets 1 væg 3 dannes helt eller delvist af en perforeret flade, så knust materiale også kan undslippe via knusningskammerets 1 side. Endvidere er det muligt, at de til rotoren 2 hørende knusningsorganers 6 form, antal og stilling i knusningskammeret 1 afviger fra det ovenfor belt) skrevne. Således kan knusningsorganerne 6 for eksempel være sfæriske legemer eller på forskellig måde tandede ringformede elementer. Yderligere kan knusningskammerets 1 form afvige fra en regelmæssig cirkulærcylinder, og dets stilling behøver ikke nødvendigvis at være absolut lodret.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the various embodiments of the invention are not limited to the examples described above, but that they may be varied within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, it is possible that 5. the wall 3 of the crushing chamber 1 is formed wholly or partially by a perforated surface, so that crushed material can also escape through the side of the crushing chamber 1. Furthermore, it is possible that the shape, number and position of the crushing means 6 of the rotor 2 in the crushing chamber 1 differ from that written above. Thus, for example, the crushing means 6 may be spherical bodies or variously toothed annular elements. Furthermore, the shape of the crushing chamber 1 may differ from a regular circular cylinder, and its position need not necessarily be absolutely vertical.

Claims

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A crushing apparatus comprising a chamber 5 '(1) defined by a generally cylindrical or tapered retaining surface (3) and a rotatable rotor (2) disposed in the chamber (1) which is rotatably provided with their shafts (7) mounted and constrained in the radial direction of the rotor (2) by means of movable crushing means (6) arranged to be able to move past the curved retaining surface (3), so that the crushing of the material intended for treatment as by gravity or of the centrifugal and gravity can be moved from a higher positioning insertion end (11) to a lower positioning outlet end (12), when it lies between the rotary crushing means (6) affected by the centrifugal force and the holding surface (3), characterized by that the retaining surface (3) consists of about the longitudinal direction of the crushing chamber (1) curved disc elements, which at one edge are fixed to an outer wall (4) and at their other edge are free, and which disc elements are provided with clamping means ( 5), whereby the disc elements can be bent against the shaft (9) of the rotor (2) to adjust the distance between the retaining surface (3) and the crushing means (6).

Crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping means (5) consist of screws which press against the disc elements (3).

Crushing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance between the crushing means 30 (6) and the retaining surface (3) is greater in the upper part of the crushing chamber (1) than in its lower part.