DK160650B - Pressure-reduction chamber for ventilation arrangements - Google Patents
Pressure-reduction chamber for ventilation arrangements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK160650B DK160650B DK377185A DK377185A DK160650B DK 160650 B DK160650 B DK 160650B DK 377185 A DK377185 A DK 377185A DK 377185 A DK377185 A DK 377185A DK 160650 B DK160650 B DK 160650B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- pressure
- inner chamber
- air
- housing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
- F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
- F24F13/068—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser formed as perforated walls, ceilings or floors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Duct Arrangements (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
Description
i ii i
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5 (Senstanden for denne opfindelse er et trykreducerings-kammer til ventilationsindretninger, beregnet til tilslutning til et ventilationskanalsystem, og bestående af et hus, som tilsluttes til ventilationskanalsystemets indløbsrør, og indeni hvilket der i indløbs-10 rørets fortsættelse findes et perforeret indre kammer, såsom et rørafsnit med en diameter lig med indløbsrørets, som giver en ensartet luftstrøm ind i huset og videre fra huset til rummet, som skal ventileres* 15 Luftens indledning i rummet bør til undgåelse af træk ske såvidt muligt ensartet. Til dette formål anvender man trykreduceringskamre, også kendt under navnet luftfordelingskasser, og ventilationsventiler.(The object of this invention is a pressure reducing chamber for ventilation devices, intended for connection to a ventilation duct system, and consisting of a housing which is connected to the inlet pipe of the ventilation duct system and within which in the continuation of the inlet pipe there is a perforated inner chamber, such as a section of pipe having a diameter equal to that of the inlet pipe, which gives a uniform flow of air into the housing and further from the housing to the room to be ventilated * 15 In order to avoid draft, the introduction of air into the room should be as uniform as possible. also known by the name air distribution boxes, and ventilation valves.
Desuden bør luftstrømmen kunne reguleres så lydløst 20 som muligt, og volumenstrømmen bør kunne måles med tilstrækkelig nøjagtighed. Man anvender til luftstrømmens regulering forskellige slags reguleringsspjæld eller irisregulatorer, som delvis lukket gennemstrømsåbningen, og samtidig frembringer kraftig lyd og 25 ikke fordeler luften jævnt* Til udjævning af luft strømmen benytter man i luftfordelingskasserne efter reguleringsspjældet monterede perforerede plader og laminarudjævnere, som består af celleplade med små åbninger. Laminarudjævnerne har en stor tilbøje-30 lighed til at blive tilstoppede. Til dæmpning af lyden, som reguleringsspjældene forårsager, bruges lyddæmpningsbeklædning i luftfordelingskasserne. Lyddæmpningsbeklædningen slår imidlertid ikke til til at eliminere lyden, som fremkaldes af luftstrøm- 2In addition, the airflow should be able to be regulated as silently as possible and the volume flow should be measurable with sufficient accuracy. Various types of control dampers or iris controllers are used for the control of the airflow, which partially close the flow opening, and at the same time produce strong sound and do not distribute the air evenly. small openings. The laminar equalizers have a high tendency to become clogged. To reduce the noise caused by the control dampers, sound attenuation cover is used in the air distribution boxes. However, the muffler cover does not help eliminate the noise caused by airflow.
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1 mens reguleringsspjæld og irisregulatorer. Til måling af luftens volumenstrøm anvender man måling af den lokale trykdifferens over de perforerede plader, hvorigennem luftens volumenstrøm bestemmes. Målingen 5 af luftens volumenstrøm efter denne metode er imidlertid unøjagtig, fordi reguleringsspjældets stilling forstyrrer trykfeltet yderst kraftigt, og målefejlen ved målingen af luftens volumenstrøm overstiger med lethed 30-50%.1 while regulating dampers and iris regulators. To measure the air volume flow, the local pressure difference is measured over the perforated plates, through which the air volume flow is determined. However, the measurement 5 of the air volume flow according to this method is inaccurate because the position of the control damper disturbs the pressure field extremely strongly and the measurement error in the measurement of the air volume flow easily exceeds 30-50%.
1010
Mere end halvdelen af bygningers energitab kan tilskrives ventilationen« Nu og i fremtiden forudsætter energibesparelsesforanstaltningerne i bygninger en tilstrækkelig nøjagtig beherskelse af energistrømmen.More than half of the energy loss of buildings can be attributed to the ventilation «Now and in the future, the energy saving measures in buildings require a sufficiently accurate control of the energy flow.
15 Dette er ikke muligt, hvis ikke luftens volumenstrømme (=energistrømme) i ventilationsanlæg kan måles med større pålidelighed, og reguleres med mindre besvær end hidtil.15 This is not possible unless the air flow volumes (= energy flows) in ventilation systems can be measured with greater reliability, and are regulated with less hassle than before.
20 Tidligere kendte måder til at lede en luftstrøm ind i et rum ved hjælp af og gennem rørformede kapper forsynet med åbninger er fremført i finske patentansøgninger nr. 802963, 813762 og 823518.Prior art ways of passing an airflow into a room by means of and through tubular sheaths provided with apertures are set forth in Finnish Patent Applications Nos. 802963, 813762 and 823518.
25 I patentansøgning nr. 802963 er der offentliggjort en fordelings- og reguleringsindretning til en luftstrøm, anbragt i en luftkanals åbne ende eller inden i luftkanalen og udvisende en rørformet kappe, som passer tæt ind i kanalen. Medens indretningens kappe 30 og eventuelt også endefladen er forsynet med åbninger fordeler indretningen luften jævnt f.eks. i et rum.In Patent Application No. 802963, an air flow distribution and control device is disclosed located at the open end of an air duct or inside the air duct and having a tubular sheath which fits snugly into the duct. While the sheath 30 of the device and possibly also the end surface is provided with openings, the device distributes the air evenly e.g. in a room.
Med længden af indretningens fra kanalen fremstående del reguleres luftstrømmen i og med, at man skyder indretningen ind i kanalen respektive trækker den 3With the length of the device protruding from the duct, the air flow is regulated by pushing the device into the duct respectively pulling it 3
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1 ud af kanalen.1 out of the channel.
I patentansøgningerne nr. 813762 og 823718 er der offentliggjort indretninger til indledning af luft 5 i et opholdsrum. Indretningerne omfatter mindst tre indeni hinanden siddende rørformede kapper, der er forsynede med åbninger, og befinder sig i luftkanalens fortsættelse, hvilke kapper tjener som udjævnere og forsinkere af luftstrømmen, inden luften træder 10 gennem åbninger ud i opholdsrummet.In patent applications Nos. 813762 and 823718, devices for introducing air 5 into a living room have been disclosed. The devices comprise at least three interconnected tubular sheaths provided with apertures and located in the continuation of the air duct which act as equalizers and delays of the air flow before the air enters through the apertures into the living space.
Indretningen i de ovenfor anførte patentansøgninger er mangelfulde, specielt deri, at de ikke er forsynet med den teknik, som måling af luftens volumenstrøm 15 kræver.The device of the above-mentioned patent applications is defective, especially in that they are not provided with the technique required to measure the volume flow of the air 15.
Tidligere kendte metoder til måling af luftens volumenstrøm i ventilationsventiler og luftfordelingskasser behøver en i det nærmeste uforstyrret strømnings-20 profil i målepunktet, for at målingens fejl skal være tilstrækkelig lille. I almindelighed er i praktiske installationstilfælde strømningsprofilen ikke tilstrækkelig fri for forstyrrelser uden særlige ensretnings- og udjævningsindretninger for strømmen, 25 fordi strømningskanalerne ikke har tilstrækkelige lange kanalafsnit, i hvilke strømningsprofilen kan udjævne sig. Målenøjagtigheden er også blevet forringet af, at indretningerne, som følge af fremstillingstolerancen, ikke har kunnet placeres i entydige regu-30 leringsstillinger. I nogle tilfælde har et pålideligt måleresultat ikke kunnet nås, fordi de strømningsreguleringsmidler, som kommer til anvendelse sammen med de almindeligt anvendte luftfordelingskamre og ventilationsventiler, forstyrrer strømningsprofilen og 4Prior art methods for measuring the air volume flow in ventilation valves and air distribution boxes need an almost undisturbed flow profile in the measurement point for the measurement error to be sufficiently small. Generally, in practical installation cases, the flow profile is not sufficiently free of disturbances without special directional and leveling devices for the flow, because the flow channels do not have sufficiently long channel sections in which the flow profile can level. The measurement accuracy has also been impaired by the fact that the devices, due to the manufacturing tolerance, have not been able to be placed in clear control positions. In some cases, a reliable measurement result could not be achieved because the flow control means used with the commonly used air distribution chambers and ventilation valves interfere with the flow profile and 4
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1 dermed opnåelsen af et pålideligt måleresultat.1 thus obtaining a reliable measurement result.
Opfindelsens formål er at afstedkomme en ny type trykreduceringskammer. Trykreduceringskammeret ifølge 5 opfindelsen kendetegnes af, at der dertil hører to trykmålingskamre med en eller flere åbninger, som åbner sig fra det ene trykmålingskammer til det indre kammers inderside og fra det andet trykmålingskammer til det indre kammers yderside i huset. Man afstedkom-10 mer ved hjælp af opfindelsen et trykreduceringskammer, som måler og regulerer luftens volumenstrøm, fordeler luften jævnt til ventilationsventilen, tjener som lyddæmper og frembringer selv, på trods af det høje tryktab, yderst minimalt med lyd. Måling af luftens 15 volumenstrøm sker ved hjælp af trykdifferencen, som indstiller sig over det rørformede eller sfæriske inderkammer. Man anvender specielle målekamre til måling af differenstrykket.The object of the invention is to provide a new type of pressure reducing chamber. The pressure reducing chamber according to the invention is characterized in that there are two pressure measuring chambers with one or more openings which open from one pressure measuring chamber to the inside of the inner chamber and from the other pressure measuring chamber to the outside of the inner chamber in the housing. By means of the invention, a pressure reducing chamber is established which measures and regulates the volume flow of the air, distributes the air evenly to the ventilation valve, serves as a silencer and, despite the high pressure loss, produces extremely minimal noise. Measurement of the air flow volume of 15 is done by means of the pressure difference which is adjusted over the tubular or spherical inner chamber. Special measuring chambers are used to measure the differential pressure.
20 En fordelagtig udførelsesform af opfindelsen kendetegnes ved, at trykmålingskamrene befinder sig i form af to flade, over hinanden liggende cirkelformede kamre i enden på det indre kammer, hvor trykindgangsåbningerne åbner sig på periferien enten parallelt 25 med det indre kammer eller vinkelret på det indre kammer. Dermed fås en fremstillingsteknisk enkel, fordelagtig og driftsikker løsning for trykreduceringskamrene. Ved målingen af luftens volumenstrøm er hensigten at afstedkomme, ved observeringen af 30 trykdifferencen, et nøjagtigere og større udslag end før og dermed højere målenøjagtighed for volumenstrømmen. Det tilsigtes også at højere målenøjagtighed opnås, i særdelsehed i meget stærkt forstyrrede f.eks. usymmetriske strømningsprofiler. Med indretningen 5An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the pressure measuring chambers are in the form of two flat, circular chambers at the end of the inner chamber, where the pressure inlet openings open on the periphery either parallel to the inner chamber or perpendicular to the inner chamber. . This provides a simple, advantageous and reliable solution for the pressure reduction chambers. In measuring the volume flow of the air, the intention is to produce, by observing the pressure difference, a more accurate and greater impact than before and thus higher measurement accuracy of the volume flow. It is also intended that higher measurement accuracy is achieved, especially in very severely disturbed e.g. asymmetric flow profiles. With the device 5
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1 ifølge opfindelsen kommer man også under svære strømningsforhold frem til en nøjagtighed bedre end 5-10%. Reguleringsstillingen indvirker heller ikke på målenøjagtigheden.1 according to the invention, even under severe flow conditions, an accuracy better than 5-10% is obtained. The regulatory position also does not affect the measurement accuracy.
55
En anden udførelsesform af opfindelsen kendetegnes ved, at det indre kammer er et cylindrisk rør, hvori åbningerne ligger i ringformede rækker, og dette indre kammer er på en dellængde omringet med et i 10 længderetningen forskydeligt bånd, som kan tillukke hulrækkerne. Man kan regulere luftmængden ved at lukke åbninger i det indre kammer med båndet, som f.eks. kan fastlåses i forskellige reguleringsstillinger, og samtidig opnå en tilstrækkelig trykdiffe-15 rence til måling af luftens volumenstrøm også ved små luftstrømme.Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the inner chamber is a cylindrical tube in which the openings lie in annular rows, and this inner chamber is surrounded on a part length by a longitudinally displaceable band which can close the hollow rows. One can regulate the amount of air by closing openings in the inner chamber with the tape, such as for example. can be locked in various control positions, while at the same time obtaining a sufficient pressure difference for measuring the air volume flow even in small air flows.
En fordelagtig udførelsesform af opfindelsen kendetegnes ved, at det indre kammer udgøres af en elektrisk 20 opvarmningsmodstand.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the inner chamber is constituted by an electric heating resistor.
Med løsningen ifølge opfindelsen nås bl.a. følgende fordele: 25 - Trykreduceringskammeret måler selv den gennemgående luftstrøm med en eneste trykdifferencemåling.With the solution according to the invention, the following advantages: 25 - The pressure reducing chamber even measures the through-flow of air with a single pressure difference measurement.
Trykreduceringskammeret måler luftens volumenstrøm eksakt også i en forstyrret luftstrøm.The pressure reducing chamber measures the air volume flow exactly in a disturbed air flow as well.
2Q - Trykreduceringskammeret måler luftens volumenstrøm eksakt også ved små luftstrømme (trykdifferencen, som anvendes ved luftstrømmens måling, er tilstrækkelig også ved små luftstrømme).2Q - The pressure reducing chamber measures the air volume flow exactly also for small airflows (the pressure difference used for airflow measurement is sufficient even for small airflows).
Indretningen til måling af luftens volumenstrøm 6The air flow measuring device 6
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1 kræver ingen plads udenfor trykreduceringskammeret.1 requires no space outside the pressure reducing chamber.
- Indretningen til måling af luftens volumenstrøm egner sig også til anvendelse i forening med en luftstrømsreguleringsindretning, som f.eks. et ** bånd, til såkaldt målende reguleringsindretning.The device for measuring the volume flow of the air is also suitable for use in conjunction with an air flow control device, such as e.g. a ** band, for so-called measuring control device.
- Luftstrømmens reguleringsindretning d.v.s. båndet forstyrrer ikke målingen af luftens volumenstrøm.- The air flow regulating device i.e. the band does not interfere with the measurement of the air volume flow.
- Reguleringsstillingen for luftstrømmens regule- 10 ringsindretning kan entydigt bestemmes uden urime lige krav til fremstillingstolerancerne.- The control position of the air flow control device can be unambiguously determined without unreasonable requirements for manufacturing tolerances.
Luftens volumenstrøm kan måles entydigt uden hyste-resefænomener forårsaget af reguleringsindretningen.The volume flow of the air can be measured unambiguously without hysteresis phenomena caused by the control device.
15 - Luftvolumenstrømskalaen er let at kalibrere, fordi reguleringsindretningen tillader spillerum, hvilke dog ikke indvirker på målenøjagtigheden.15 - The air volume flow scale is easy to calibrate because the controller allows for clearance, which does not, however, affect the measurement accuracy.
Regulering og måling af luftens volumenstrøm kan 20 finde sted med stor trykdifferens, medens indret ningens egen lydfrembringelse forbliver lav.Control and measurement of the air volume flow can take place with a large pressure difference, while the device's own sound production remains low.
Trykreduceringskammeret fordeler luften ensartet til ventilationsventilen.The pressure reducing chamber distributes the air uniformly to the ventilation valve.
2j- - Trykreduceringskammerets konstruktion er enkel.2j- - The design of the pressure reducing chamber is simple.
Trykreduceringskammerets med åbninger forsynede indre kammer kan også tjene som elektrisk opvarmningsmodstand, og trykreduceringskammeret kan på denne måde tjene som opvarmningsindretning.The internal pressure chamber of the pressure reducing chamber can also serve as an electric heating resistor, and the pressure reduction chamber can thus serve as a heating device.
3 0 - Trykreduceringskammerets tilslutnmgskanal kan udrustes med brandspjæld.3 0 - The pressure reducing chamber connection duct can be equipped with fire dampers.
Opfindelsen beskrives i det følgende ved hjælp af et eksempel med henvisning til den medfølgende tegning 7The invention is described below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings 7
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1 hvori fig. 1 forestiller trykreduceringskammeret i snit.1 wherein FIG. 1 shows the pressure reducing chamber in section.
5 fig. 2 viser detaljen II i fig. 1 i større skala.5 FIG. 2 shows the detail II of FIG. 1 on a larger scale.
Trykreduceringskammeret er beregnet til at tilsluttes 10 til et ventilationssystem. Trykreduceringskammeret består af et hus 2, som tilsluttes til ventilationskanalssystemets indløbsrør 1, og hvori findes i indløbsrørets 1 forsættelse et perforeret indre kammer 3, som f.eks. et rørafsnit med samme størrelse som 15 indløbsrørets 1 diameter, som leverer en jævn luft strøm ind i huset og videre fra huset til rummet, som skal ventileres, på den måde som pilene angiver.The pressure reducing chamber is intended to be connected 10 to a ventilation system. The pressure reducing chamber consists of a housing 2 which is connected to the inlet pipe 1 of the ventilation duct system, and in which there is located in the offset of the inlet pipe 1 a perforated inner chamber 3, such as for example. a pipe section of the same size as the diameter of the inlet pipe 1, which supplies a uniform air flow into the housing and further from the housing to the space to be ventilated, in the manner indicated by the arrows.
Til trykreduceringskammeret hører to trykmålekamre 20 4, 5, som udviser en eller flere åbninger 6, 7, som åbner sig fra det ene trykmålekammer 4 til indersiden af det indre kammer 3, og fra det andet trykmålekammer 5 til siden udenfor det indre kammer 3 ind i rummet i huset 2. Trykmålekamrene 4, 5 ligger i form af 25 to flade cirkulære kamre i enden på det indre kammer 3, hvor trykindtrædelsesåbningerne 6, 7 åbner sig på periferien, enten parallelt med det indre kammer eller vinkelret på det indre kammer. Det indre kammer 3 er et cylindrisk rør, i hvilket åbningerne 8 ligger 30 i ringformede rækker, og dette indre kammer er på en dellængde omringet af et bånd 9, der kan forflyttes i det indre kammers 3 længderetning og tillukke hulrækkerne 9.To the pressure reducing chamber are two pressure measuring chambers 20, 4,5, which exhibit one or more openings 6, 7, which open from one pressure measuring chamber 4 to the inside of the inner chamber 3, and from the other pressure measuring chamber 5 to the outside of the inner chamber 3. in the space of the housing 2. The pressure measuring chambers 4, 5 are in the form of two flat circular chambers at the end of the inner chamber 3, where the pressure entry openings 6, 7 open on the periphery, either parallel to the inner chamber or perpendicular to the inner chamber. The inner chamber 3 is a cylindrical tube in which the apertures 8 lie 30 in annular rows, and this inner chamber is at a partial length surrounded by a band 9 which can be moved longitudinally of the inner chamber 3 and close the hollow rows 9.
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8 1 Det er klart for en fagmand i branchen, at opfindelsen ikke indskrænker sig til de ovenfor fremførte eksempler, og at den tværtimod kan variere indenfor rammerne af efterfølgende patentkrav. Således skal det indre 5 kammers form ikke nødvendigvis være rørformet, det kan lige såvel have en anden form f.eks. sfærisk form.It is clear to one skilled in the art that the invention does not limit itself to the examples set forth above and, on the contrary, may vary within the scope of subsequent claims. Thus, the shape of the inner 5 chamber need not necessarily be tubular, it may as well have another shape e.g. spherical shape.
10 15 20 25 3010 15 20 25 30
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI844085A FI71614C (en) | 1984-10-17 | 1984-10-17 | TRYCKREDUCERINGSKAMMARE FOER VENTILATIONSANORDNINGAR. |
| FI844085 | 1984-10-17 |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK377185D0 DK377185D0 (en) | 1985-08-19 |
| DK377185A DK377185A (en) | 1986-04-18 |
| DK160650B true DK160650B (en) | 1991-04-02 |
| DK160650C DK160650C (en) | 1991-09-02 |
Family
ID=8519754
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK377185A DK160650C (en) | 1984-10-17 | 1985-08-19 | PRESSURE REDUCTION ROOMS FOR VENTILATION DEVICES |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DK (1) | DK160650C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI71614C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO157915C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE459611B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE508425C2 (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1998-10-05 | Flaekt Ab | Adjustment damper comprising slidable control means for controlling gas flow through duct |
-
1984
- 1984-10-17 FI FI844085A patent/FI71614C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-08-19 DK DK377185A patent/DK160650C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-21 NO NO853291A patent/NO157915C/en unknown
- 1985-10-17 SE SE8504867A patent/SE459611B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE459611B (en) | 1989-07-17 |
| FI71614C (en) | 1987-01-19 |
| DK377185D0 (en) | 1985-08-19 |
| DK377185A (en) | 1986-04-18 |
| SE8504867D0 (en) | 1985-10-17 |
| SE8504867L (en) | 1986-04-18 |
| NO853291L (en) | 1986-04-18 |
| FI71614B (en) | 1986-10-10 |
| DK160650C (en) | 1991-09-02 |
| FI844085A0 (en) | 1984-10-17 |
| NO157915C (en) | 1988-06-08 |
| FI844085L (en) | 1986-04-18 |
| NO157915B (en) | 1988-02-29 |
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