DK157833C - PROCEDURE FOR LAMINING TEXTILES - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR LAMINING TEXTILES Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK157833C DK157833C DK108488A DK108488A DK157833C DK 157833 C DK157833 C DK 157833C DK 108488 A DK108488 A DK 108488A DK 108488 A DK108488 A DK 108488A DK 157833 C DK157833 C DK 157833C
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- textile web
- sprayed
- textiles
- web
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
- D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
- D06M17/10—Polyurethanes polyurea
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Gloves (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1DK 157833 C1DK 157833 C
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde af den i krav 1T s indledning angivne art til laminering af tekstiler, og fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i krav l’s kendetegnende del anførte.The present invention relates to a method of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1T for the lamination of textiles, and the method according to the invention is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1.
Til brug ved fremstilling af diverse former for beklædning, herunder især T-shirts, sweatshirts og joggingtøj, men også til brug ved fremstilling af materialer til møbelpolstring, autobetræk, vattæpper og soveposer, fremstiller stofvæverierne forskellige laminerede tekstiler som metervarer til videre forarbejdning på systuer. Laminerede tekstiler til de ovennævnte formål består som oftest af en tekstilbane, hvorpå der er klæbet et lag af naturligt eller syntetisk vat, eller af to tekstilbaner, imellem hvilke der kan være anbragt et lag af vat.For use in the manufacture of various types of clothing, in particular T-shirts, sweatshirts and jogging clothes, but also for the use of materials for upholstery, car covers, quilts and sleeping bags, the fabric weaves manufacture various laminated textiles as fabric products for further processing in sewers. Laminated textiles for the above purposes usually consist of a textile web on which is adhered a layer of natural or synthetic cotton wool, or of two textile webs between which a layer of cotton wool may be disposed.
Sådanne laminater fremstilles ved maskinel sammenklæbning af de enkelte lag med et passende klæbemiddel. Almindeligvis foregår processen ved, at tekstilbanen sprøjtes med klæbemidlet, hvorefter den sprøjtede tekstilbane sammenføres med vattet i et valsesystem. Det anvendte klæbemiddel er ofte en opløsningsmiddelbaseret polyurethan, hvor blandingen af polyurethan og opløsningsmiddel indeholder op til 90% opløsningsmiddel for at sikre en konsistens, der gør klæbemidlet egnet til påsprøjtning ved hjælp af sprøjtepistoler. Selv med de mest effektive udsugningssystemer er det imidlertid i praksis umuligt at undgå, at der optræder sundhedsfarlige koncentrationer af opløsningsmidlet (som oftest ethylacetat) i luften under processen, og disse høje koncentrationer medfører forskellige fysiske gener, såsom luftvejsirritation, svimmelhed, hovedpine og i værste fald koncentrations- og hukommelsesproblemer. Hertil kommer gravide kvinders potentielle risiko for fosterskader.Such laminates are made by machine-bonding the individual layers with a suitable adhesive. Generally, the process is by spraying the textile web with the adhesive, after which the sprayed textile web is joined with the wadding in a rolling system. The adhesive used is often a solvent-based polyurethane, where the mixture of polyurethane and solvent contains up to 90% solvent to ensure a consistency which makes the adhesive suitable for spraying by spray guns. However, even with the most efficient extraction systems, it is in practice impossible to avoid the presence of hazardous concentrations of the solvent (usually ethyl acetate) in the air during the process, and these high concentrations cause various physical genes such as respiratory irritation, dizziness, headaches and at worst. decrease concentration and memory problems. In addition, the potential risk of birth defects in pregnant women.
Ud over disse nok så væsentlige problemer bærer det fremstillede produkt præg af den intensive opløsningsmiddel- 2In addition to these equally significant problems, the manufactured product is characterized by the intensive solvent 2
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behandling, idet lugten af opløsningsmiddel vil hænge ved stoffet i lang tid og ofte være vanskelig at udvaske.treatment, as the smell of solvent will linger on the fabric for a long time and often be difficult to wash out.
Man har søgt at løse problemet ved at anvende vandbaserede klæbemidler, som ganske vist ikke giver de ovenfor beskrevne arbejdsmiljø- og sundhedsmæssige gener, men som til gengæld heller ikke fører til de ønskede resultater i henseende til produktkvalitet.The problem has been solved by using water-based adhesives which, while not providing the above-mentioned occupational health and health nuisances, but which in turn do not lead to the desired results in terms of product quality.
For at undgå at skulle arbejde med flydende opløsningsmidler har man forsøgt at laminere tekstiler med bomuld eller syntetisk vat ved hjælp af et mellemliggende væv af polyethylen eller polypropylen med høj densitet. Vævet kan også være fremstillet af andre polymerer eller polymerblandinger. Polymeren virker som et varmt-smeltende klæbemiddel, når den - beliggende imellem de baner, der skal lamineres - føres igennem et valsesystem under kontrolleret tryk. Processen er ønskværdig ud fra et miljømæssigt synspunkt, idet der ikke afgives dampe under passagen gennem valsesystemet, og tilmed er processen let og hurtig at gennemføre, men den har den ulempe, at der kræves et tilpas kraftigt væv for at give en tilstrækkelig vaskebestandighed af det færdige laminat. Anvender man et væv, der er kraftigt nok til at sikre en god vaskebestandighed, får man samtidig et alt for stift produkt, der er ubehageligt at have på.In order to avoid having to work with liquid solvents, attempts have been made to laminate fabrics with cotton or synthetic cotton using an intermediate fabric of high density polyethylene or polypropylene. The tissue may also be made of other polymers or polymer blends. The polymer acts as a hot-melt adhesive as it - located between the webs to be laminated - passes through a rolling system under controlled pressure. The process is desirable from an environmental point of view, since no vapors are emitted during passage through the rolling system, and the process is easy and quick to perform, but it has the disadvantage that a sufficiently strong tissue is required to provide sufficient washing resistance of it. finished laminate. If you use a tissue that is strong enough to ensure a good wash resistance, you also get an overly stiff product that is uncomfortable to wear.
Endelig har man forsøgt at foretage lamineringen ved hjælp af pulverformige klæbemidler, som oftest i form af polyamider, polyestere, lav- og højtrykspolyethylener, ethylen-vinylacetat-copolymere eller forskellige blan-dingspolymerisater. Det pulverformige klæbemiddel drysses på tekstilbanen, som derefter ledes igennem en varmetun-nel til smeltning af pulveret. Ved udgangen fra varmetunnellen sammenføres den med klæbemiddel forsynede bane med den anden bane i et kalander-valsesystem.Finally, the lamination has been attempted by means of powdered adhesives, most commonly in the form of polyamides, polyesters, low and high pressure polyethylenes, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers or various blend polymers. The powdered adhesive is sprayed onto the textile web which is then passed through a heat tunnel to melt the powder. At the exit from the heat tunnel, the adhesive web is combined with the second web in a calender rolling system.
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Ud over støvgener har denne proces den ulempe, at det er meget vanskeligt at foretage en korrekt dosering af det pulverformige klæbemiddel. Enten risikerer man ved underdosering en for ringe vedhæftning, hvilket influerer på laminatets holdbarhed, herunder vaskebestandighed, eller også sker der ved overdosering en nedsynkning af pulveret i tekstilbanen. Herved får man et uønsket stift produkt. For at opnå en tilfredsstillende laminering er man iøv-rigt - som følge af selve doseringsformen - nødsaget til at anvende en mængde klæbemiddel, som er op til 20 gange den teoretisk nødvendige mængde.In addition to dust nuisance, this process has the disadvantage that it is very difficult to properly dispense the powdered adhesive. Either underdosing there is too little adherence, which affects the durability of the laminate, including washing resistance, or the overdosing of the powder in the textile web occurs. This results in an undesirable rigid product. In order to obtain a satisfactory lamination, it is also necessary - by virtue of the dosage form itself - to use an amount of adhesive which is up to 20 times the theoretically required amount.
Det har nu overraskende vist sig, at man kan undgå samtlige de ovenfor omtalte ulemper og opnå et produkt med fremragende ensartethed og holdbarhed, hvis man som klæbemiddel anvender en fugthærdende opløsningsmiddelfri po-lyurethanpræpolymer, som man ved hjælp af dyser påsprøj-ter tekstilbanen i form af fine tråde med en diameter af størrelsesordenen 0,1 mm under i det væsentlige vandfri betingelser. Efter sammenføring af den med klæbemiddel belagte tekstilbane med en bane af vat og oprulning af det dannede laminat lader man dette hærde i en atmosfære med normal fugtighed, hvorved man opnår et produkt med særdeles gode egenskaber.Surprisingly, it has now been found that all the above-mentioned disadvantages can be avoided and a product with excellent uniformity and durability can be obtained if an adhesive solvent-free polyurethane prepolymer which is sprayed into the textile web by means of nozzles is used. of fine filaments having a diameter of the order of 0.1 mm under substantially anhydrous conditions. After joining the adhesive-coated textile web with a web of cotton wool and reeling the formed laminate, it is allowed to cure in an atmosphere of normal humidity, thereby obtaining a product of extremely good properties.
Fordelen ved at anvende et klæbemiddel af denne type er først og fremmest, at polyurethansmelteklæbere lader sig anvende uden brug af nogen form for opløsningsmiddel. Dernæst kan sådanne klæbemidler anvendes i betydeligt ringere mængder end andre smelteklæbere. Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan man nøjes med at bruge 1-3 g 2 klæbemiddel pr. m, hvor andre smelteklæbere skal anven- 2 des i mængder på 10-20 pr. m for at give en tilstrækkelig vaskebestandighed. Så store mængder klæbemiddel gør lamineringen stiv og uelastisk, hvorimod man ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen opnår en smidig og elastisk laminering, der samtidig udviser fremragende vaskeægthed.The advantage of using an adhesive of this type is first and foremost that polyurethane melt adhesives can be used without the use of any solvent. Next, such adhesives can be used in significantly inferior quantities than other melt adhesives. In the method according to the invention, one can only use 1-3 g 2 of adhesive per day. m, where other melt adhesives are to be used in amounts of 10-20 per. m to provide sufficient washing resistance. Such large amounts of adhesive make the lamination stiff and inelastic, whereas the method according to the invention achieves a flexible and elastic lamination, which at the same time exhibits excellent washability.
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Klæbemidler af den art, der anvendes ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, har været kendt i nogen tid. De har således fundet anvendelse ved enkeltsidig limning af plane emner af forskellige skummaterialer og ved andre form-5 er for limning, hvor der kun forekommer mindre spændinger. Endvidere kan de anvendes på træ, metal og mange plastmaterialer, ligesom de i mange tilfælde kan erstatte kontaktlim.Adhesives of the kind used in the process of the invention have been known for some time. Thus, they have found application in single-sided bonding of flat pieces of various foam materials and in other forms for bonding where only minor stresses occur. Furthermore, they can be used on wood, metal and many plastic materials, and in many cases they can replace contact adhesives.
10 Deres anvendelighed ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen beror på, at de - under nøje overholdelse af temperatur-og trykbetingelser - kan udsprøjtes i fine tråde (typisk af størrelsesordenen 1/10 mm) på den forbipasserende tekstilbane. Ved passende anbringelser af det fornødne 15 antal dyser, som hver giver et "vifteformet" mønster på banen, er det muligt at opnå en i praksis fuldstændig ensartet og optimal påsprøjtning af lim.Their utility in the method according to the invention is that they - under close observance of temperature and pressure conditions - can be sprayed into fine threads (typically of the order of 1/10 mm) on the passing textile web. By appropriate placement of the required number of nozzles, each of which provides a "fan-shaped" pattern on the web, it is possible to achieve a virtually uniform and optimal application of glue in practice.
Et meget velegnet klæbemiddel til formålet er TivoMelt 20 9600/41 fra Tivoli Werke AG, Hamburg. Dette klæbemiddel er en fugthærdende polyurethan-præpolymer af "hot melt"-typen. Det indeholder maksimalt 1,55 frit isocyanat (NCO) og intet opløsningsmiddel, dvs. tørstofindholdet er 100%. Viskositeten andrager omkring 9000 mPa.s ved 130 °C, mas-25 sefylden er ca. 1,1 og blødgøringspunktet (ring/kugle) er 45 °C. Produktets flammepunkt er over 200 °C.A very suitable adhesive for this purpose is TivoMelt 20 9600/41 from Tivoli Werke AG, Hamburg. This adhesive is a moisture-curing "hot melt" polyurethane prepolymer. It contains a maximum of 1.55 free isocyanate (NCO) and no solvent, ie. the dry matter content is 100%. The viscosity is about 9000 mPa.s at 130 ° C, the mass filling is approx. 1.1 and the softening point (ring / ball) is 45 ° C. The flash point of the product is above 200 ° C.
Det har vist sig, at man opnår de bedste resultater med en lim af denne type, når den udsprøjtes ved en tempera-30 tur (målt ved dysespidsen) på omkring 190 °C. I limtank og tilledningsslanger holder man en temperatur på ca. 150 °C.It has been found that the best results are obtained with an adhesive of this type when sprayed at a temperature (measured at the nozzle tip) of about 190 ° C. In the glue tank and supply hoses, a temperature of approx. 150 ° C.
Der kan naturligvis anvendes andre limfabrikater hørende 35 til de fugthærdende, opløsningsmiddelfri limfabrikater af polyurethan-præpolymer-typen. Arbejdstemperaturerne af- 5Of course, other adhesives made of the moisture-curing, solvent-free adhesives of the polyurethane prepolymer type can be used. Working temperatures of 5
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pågældende lim.glue in question.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen stiller ingen særlige krav til arten af det anvendte vat- og tekstilmateriale, bortset fra at siliconebehandlede (vandskyende) tekstiler ikke er velegnede, da limen udviser dårlig vedhæftning til sådanne materialer. Når blot der er tale om "rene", dvs. ikke-imprægnerede tekstiler, kan disse være såvel naturlige som syntetiske. Det samme gælder for vattet, der eksempelvis kan være af bomuld eller polyester.The method according to the invention makes no special demands on the nature of the cotton and textile material used, except that silicone-treated (water-repellent) fabrics are not suitable as the adhesive exhibits poor adhesion to such materials. In the case of "pure", ie. non-impregnated fabrics, these can be both natural and synthetic. The same applies to the cotton wool, which may be cotton or polyester, for example.
Opfindelsen illustreres nærmere ved det følgende eksempel.The invention is further illustrated by the following example.
EKSEMPELEXAMPLE
På figuren ses en maskine til brug ved udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen. Tekstilbanen afvikles fra en lagerbeholdning 1 og føres via et valsesystem 2 til sprøjtestationen 3, hvor klæbemidlet ved hjælp af et antal dyser 4 under tryk og ved en ved hjælp af termostater nøje fastlagt temperatur udsprøjtes på tekstilbanen, som samtidigt understøttes af en endeløs bærerbane 5, der roterer om et valsesystem 6.The figure shows a machine for use in the practice of the invention. The textile web is unwound from a stock 1 and is passed via a rolling system 2 to the spray station 3, where the adhesive is sprayed onto the textile web by means of a plurality of nozzles 4 under pressure and at a precisely determined temperature by thermostats, which is simultaneously supported by an endless carrier web 5. rotating about a rolling system 6.
Fra forrådsrullen 7 afvikles vattet kontinuerligt, idet akkumulationsområdet 8 sikrer, at banen kan ledes jævnt til valseparret 9, hvori den sammenføres med den med lim belagte tekstilbane.From the stock roll 7, the wadding is unwound continuously, the accumulation area 8 ensuring that the web can be guided evenly to the roller pair 9, in which it is joined with the adhesive coated web.
Under limens hele passage fra tank og opvarmningsovn (ikke vist) til dyserne sikrer man fugtfri betingelser, blandt andet ved at opretholde et kulsyretryk i tanken, for at forhindre en for tidlig hærdning.Throughout the adhesive's entire passage from tank and heater (not shown) to the nozzles, humid conditions are ensured, including maintaining a carbon dioxide pressure in the tank, to prevent premature curing.
Den laminerede bane føres til en opviklingsanordning 10 og får efter opvikling lov at hærde i normal fugtig at- 6The laminated web is fed to a winding device 10 and, after winding, is allowed to cure in normal moist conditions.
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mosfære i ca. et døgn. Herefter har man et fremragende smidigt laminat med stor styrke og bestandighed.mosphere for approx. a day. Then you have an excellent flexible laminate with great strength and durability.
Hvis man benytter den i det foregående omtalte TivoMelt 9600/41 lim, skal temperaturen ved udsprøjtningen være 190-195 “C. Denne høje temperatur opnås ved hjælp af særlige dyser forsynet med varmelegemer indstøbt i aluminium. Temperaturen hæves først umiddelbart før dysespidsen, mens den under passage gennem slangerne holdes ved en lavere temperatur, typisk omkring 150 °C. Trykket i dyserne er typisk over det dobbelte af det normale tryk i sådanne dyser.If the TivoMelt 9600/41 glue mentioned above is used, the temperature of the spray must be 190-195 ° C. This high temperature is achieved by means of special nozzles fitted with aluminum heaters. The temperature is first raised immediately before the tip of the nozzle, while during passage through the hoses it is maintained at a lower temperature, typically about 150 ° C. The pressure in the nozzles is typically above twice the normal pressure in such nozzles.
Den laminerede tekstilbane kan ledes igennem anlægget endnu engang med det formål at frembringe et dobbelt tekstillag med vat imellem.The laminated textile web may be passed through the plant once again for the purpose of producing a double textile layer with cotton wool in between.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK108488A DK157833C (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1988-03-01 | PROCEDURE FOR LAMINING TEXTILES |
| ES198989200041T ES2032098T3 (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1989-01-09 | PROCEDURE FOR LAMINATING FABRICS. |
| AT89200041T ATE74633T1 (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1989-01-09 | PROCESS FOR COATING TEXTILES. |
| EP89200041A EP0331215B1 (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1989-01-09 | A process for laminating textiles |
| DE8989200041T DE68901148D1 (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1989-01-09 | METHOD FOR COATING TEXTILES. |
| FI890157A FI88455C (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1989-01-12 | Lamineringsfoerfarande Foer textile |
| NO890164A NO167706C (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1989-01-13 | PROCEDURE FOR LAMINING TEXTILES. |
| JP1306333A JPH0791769B2 (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1989-11-24 | Method for producing fiber laminate |
| GR920400953T GR3004626T3 (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1992-05-18 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK108488A DK157833C (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1988-03-01 | PROCEDURE FOR LAMINING TEXTILES |
| DK108488 | 1988-03-01 |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK108488D0 DK108488D0 (en) | 1988-03-01 |
| DK108488A DK108488A (en) | 1989-09-02 |
| DK157833B DK157833B (en) | 1990-02-26 |
| DK157833C true DK157833C (en) | 1991-04-29 |
Family
ID=8100821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK108488A DK157833C (en) | 1988-03-01 | 1988-03-01 | PROCEDURE FOR LAMINING TEXTILES |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0331215B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0791769B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE74633T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68901148D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK157833C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2032098T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI88455C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3004626T3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO167706C (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK232289D0 (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1989-05-12 | Dansk Transfertryk | PROCEDURE FOR DISCONTINUOUS LAMINATION OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES AND SIMILAR MATERIALS |
| FR2649866B1 (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1993-09-17 | Picardie Lainiere | TEXTILE FOR LINING AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| EP0448825A3 (en) * | 1990-03-23 | 1992-04-29 | Bayer Ag | Melt adhesive process |
| DE9017007U1 (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1991-03-07 | Viktor Achter GmbH & Co KG, 41751 Viersen | Textile web |
| US5436051A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1995-07-25 | Velcro Industries, B.V. | Hook and loop fasteners and method of making same |
| GB9505403D0 (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1995-05-03 | Courtaulds Textiles Holdings | Process for manufacturing laminated fabrics |
| US5656351A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-08-12 | Velcro Industries B.V. | Hook and loop fastener including an epoxy binder |
| US5723534A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1998-03-03 | Polyfoam Products, Inc. | Two part polyurethane-based adhesive system |
| EP0888743A1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-01-07 | Firma Carl Freudenberg | Structured textile material having at least two fleeces and manufacturing process |
| NL1021065C2 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-20 | Goede Beheer B V L | Lamination of textiles comprises coating a length of textile with a moisture-curable polyurethane prepolymer in the presence of steam |
| NL1023144C2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-13 | Goyarts B V | Washable underpad and method for manufacturing such a underpad. |
| EP1593724A1 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2005-11-09 | Imatep S.A. | Use of solvent based reactive adhesives of high solids content for coating or laminating flexible substrates, in particular textile substrates using a heated spray nozzle |
| US7641968B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2010-01-05 | Dic Corporation | Moisture-curable polyurethane hot melt adhesive and multilayer sheet using the same |
| EP2248598B2 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2016-06-08 | Robatech AG | Device with multiple dry air nozzles and method for discharging an adhesive |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1495460A (en) * | 1966-05-24 | 1967-09-22 | Albert Maillard Ets | Composite coating in particular for clothing, bedding or other items |
| DE1930340B2 (en) * | 1969-06-14 | 1976-11-18 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | HEAT SEALING OF TEXTILE FLATS |
| US3847722A (en) * | 1972-01-27 | 1974-11-12 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Impregnated materials for leak prevention |
| JPS6043356B2 (en) * | 1976-10-12 | 1985-09-27 | 財団法人微生物化学研究会 | Kanamycin C derivatives effective against resistant bacteria and their production method |
| CH636235B (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1900-01-01 | Sandoz Ag | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYURETHANES AND THEIR USE IN BINDER DISPERSIONS FOR BONDING FIBERS IN NON-WOVEN FABRICS. |
| US4293814A (en) * | 1979-08-08 | 1981-10-06 | Ford Motor Company | Crankshaft position sensor circuitry for providing stable cyclical output signals without regard to peak to peak variations in sensor signals |
| JPS61266678A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-11-26 | Toray Ind Inc | Flexible napped sheet and production thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-03-01 DK DK108488A patent/DK157833C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-01-09 AT AT89200041T patent/ATE74633T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-09 DE DE8989200041T patent/DE68901148D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-01-09 ES ES198989200041T patent/ES2032098T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-01-09 EP EP89200041A patent/EP0331215B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-01-12 FI FI890157A patent/FI88455C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-13 NO NO890164A patent/NO167706C/en unknown
- 1989-11-24 JP JP1306333A patent/JPH0791769B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-05-18 GR GR920400953T patent/GR3004626T3/el unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE74633T1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
| JPH0791769B2 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
| GR3004626T3 (en) | 1993-04-28 |
| NO890164L (en) | 1989-09-04 |
| DK157833B (en) | 1990-02-26 |
| FI890157A0 (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| DE68901148D1 (en) | 1992-05-14 |
| EP0331215A2 (en) | 1989-09-06 |
| ES2032098T3 (en) | 1993-01-01 |
| EP0331215A3 (en) | 1991-01-09 |
| DK108488D0 (en) | 1988-03-01 |
| NO167706C (en) | 1991-12-04 |
| FI88455B (en) | 1993-02-15 |
| EP0331215B1 (en) | 1992-04-08 |
| NO167706B (en) | 1991-08-26 |
| FI890157A (en) | 1989-09-02 |
| JPH03167356A (en) | 1991-07-19 |
| NO890164D0 (en) | 1989-01-13 |
| FI88455C (en) | 1993-05-25 |
| DK108488A (en) | 1989-09-02 |
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