DK157188D0 - Middel til bekaempelse af parasitter hos nyttedyr - Google Patents

Middel til bekaempelse af parasitter hos nyttedyr

Info

Publication number
DK157188D0
DK157188D0 DK157188A DK157188A DK157188D0 DK 157188 D0 DK157188 D0 DK 157188D0 DK 157188 A DK157188 A DK 157188A DK 157188 A DK157188 A DK 157188A DK 157188 D0 DK157188 D0 DK 157188D0
Authority
DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
group
substituted
halogen
alkyl
alkoxy
Prior art date
Application number
DK157188A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DK157188A (da
DK167682B1 (da
Inventor
Peter Maienfisch
Original Assignee
Ciba Geigy Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ciba Geigy Ag filed Critical Ciba Geigy Ag
Publication of DK157188D0 publication Critical patent/DK157188D0/da
Publication of DK157188A publication Critical patent/DK157188A/da
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK167682B1 publication Critical patent/DK167682B1/da

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/22Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/01Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing oxygen
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00Antiparasitic agents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
DK157188A 1987-03-24 1988-03-23 13-spiro-2'-oetetrahydrofuranaa-milbemycin-derivater, fremgangsmaade til fremstilling deraf, middel til bekaempelse af ekto- og endoparasitter hos nyttedyr eller til bekaempelse af skadeinsekter samt ikke-terapeutisk fremgangsmaade til bekaempelse af parasitter hos dyr eller af skadeinsekter DK167682B1 (da)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH111787 1987-03-24
CH111787 1987-03-24
CH487887 1987-12-15
CH487887 1987-12-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK157188D0 true DK157188D0 (da) 1988-03-23
DK157188A DK157188A (da) 1988-09-25
DK167682B1 DK167682B1 (da) 1993-12-06

Family

ID=25686704

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK157188A DK167682B1 (da) 1987-03-24 1988-03-23 13-spiro-2'-oetetrahydrofuranaa-milbemycin-derivater, fremgangsmaade til fremstilling deraf, middel til bekaempelse af ekto- og endoparasitter hos nyttedyr eller til bekaempelse af skadeinsekter samt ikke-terapeutisk fremgangsmaade til bekaempelse af parasitter hos dyr eller af skadeinsekter

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (2) US4871719A (da)
EP (1) EP0284563B1 (da)
JP (1) JP2683583B2 (da)
KR (1) KR960004533B1 (da)
AT (1) ATE107307T1 (da)
AU (1) AU614509B2 (da)
CA (1) CA1300609C (da)
DE (1) DE3850160D1 (da)
DK (1) DK167682B1 (da)
ES (1) ES2054862T3 (da)
FI (1) FI92831C (da)
HU (1) HUT46322A (da)
IE (1) IE63143B1 (da)
IL (1) IL85810A (da)
NZ (1) NZ223970A (da)
PH (1) PH27027A (da)
PT (1) PT87033B (da)
ZW (1) ZW2788A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (69)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4906619A (en) * 1988-07-22 1990-03-06 Merck & Co., Inc. Alkyl avermectin derivatives
NZ232422A (en) * 1989-02-16 1992-11-25 Merck & Co Inc 13-ketal milbemycin derivatives and parasiticides
US6001822A (en) * 1989-04-11 1999-12-14 Pfizer Inc. Antiparasitic formulations
US6514951B1 (en) 1989-12-15 2003-02-04 American Cyanamid Company Pour-on formulations effective for the control of internal and external parasites of homothermic animals
JP3804072B2 (ja) * 1991-08-07 2006-08-02 日産化学工業株式会社 水性懸濁状農薬製剤
HU228370B1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2013-03-28 Bayer Ag Pesticidal phenyl-substituted heterocyclic ketoenol derivatives, intermediates, preparation and use thereof
KR970014851A (ko) * 1997-01-03 1997-04-28 김동규 음식물 쓰레기의 건조발효방법 및 그 건조발효장치
NZ504783A (en) * 1997-12-03 2002-12-20 Merck & Co Inc Long acting injectable formulations containing hydrogenated castor oil
ES2359973T3 (es) * 1998-03-19 2011-05-30 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP. Composiciones poliméricas líquidas para la liberación controlada de sustancias bioactivas.
US7229447B1 (en) 1998-08-25 2007-06-12 Advanced Photodynamics Technologies, Inc. Photodynamic therapy utilizing a solution of photosensitizing compound and surfactant
US6787342B2 (en) 2000-02-16 2004-09-07 Merial Limited Paste formulations
JP2003531828A (ja) 2000-02-26 2003-10-28 アドバンスト フォトダイナミック テクノロジーズ, インコーポレイテッド 光感光性物質および界面活性剤を使用する、光力学的な細胞および無細胞生物の根絶
US7001889B2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2006-02-21 Merial Limited Anthelmintic oral homogeneous veterinary pastes
US20060205681A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2006-09-14 Maryam Moaddeb Homogenous paste formulations
US20040077703A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2004-04-22 Soll Mark D. Nodulisporic acid derivative spot-on formulations for combating parasites
US7531186B2 (en) * 2003-12-17 2009-05-12 Merial Limited Topical formulations comprising 1-N-arylpyrazole derivatives and amitraz
US8362086B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2013-01-29 Merial Limited Long acting injectable formulations
US20080027011A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2008-01-31 Hassan Nached Homogeneous paste and gel formulations
DK2035390T3 (da) 2006-07-05 2016-01-04 Merial Inc 1-aryl-5-alkylpyrazolderivatforbindelser, fremgangsmåder til fremstilling og fremgangsmåder til anvendelse deraf
ES2714578T3 (es) 2007-05-15 2019-05-29 Merial Inc Compuestos de ariloazol-2-il cianoetilamino, procedimiento de fabricación y procedimiento de utilización de los mismos
US8097266B2 (en) 2007-11-26 2012-01-17 Merial Limited Solvent systems for pour-on formulations for combating parasites
NZ590141A (en) * 2008-06-24 2012-05-25 Merial Ltd Anthelminthic formulations including castor oil and another vegetable oil
ME03409B (me) 2008-11-14 2020-01-20 Merial Inc ENANTIOMERNO OBOGAĆENA PARAZITICIDALNA JEDINJENJA ARILOAZOL-2-il CIJANOETILAMINO
US9173728B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2015-11-03 Merial Inc. Multi-cavity container having offset indentures for dispensing fluids
MY155497A (en) * 2008-11-19 2015-10-30 Merial Inc Compositions comprising an aryl pyrazole and/or a formamidine, methods and use thereof
CA2745434C (en) 2008-12-04 2017-06-20 Merial Limited Dimeric avermectin and milbemycin derivatives
MX2012001170A (es) 2009-07-30 2012-07-20 Merial Ltd Compuestos de 4-amino-tieno [2,3-d]pirimidina insecticidas y metodos para su uso.
JP5780681B2 (ja) 2009-12-04 2015-09-16 メリアル リミテッド 殺有害生物性二有機硫黄化合物
KR101920201B1 (ko) 2009-12-17 2018-11-21 메리얼 인코포레이티드 구충성 디히드로아졸 화합물 및 이를 함유하는 조성물
CA2784141C (en) 2009-12-17 2017-10-24 Merial Limited Compositions comprising macrocyclic lactone compounds and spirodioxepinoindoles
UA108641C2 (uk) 2010-04-02 2015-05-25 Паразитицидна композиція, яка містить чотири активних агенти, та спосіб її застосування
US20110281920A1 (en) 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Robert Holmes Injectable parasiticidal formulations of levamisole and macrocyclic lactones
WO2012068202A1 (en) 2010-11-16 2012-05-24 Merial Limited Novel monensin derivatives for the treatment and prevention of protozoal infections
AU2011338573B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2016-07-28 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. Topical combination formulations of macrocyclic lactones with synthetic pyrethroids
CA2840396C (en) 2011-06-27 2020-07-14 Merial Limited Amido-pyridyl ether compounds and compositions and their use against parasites
US20120329832A1 (en) 2011-06-27 2012-12-27 Jean Delaveau Novel Insect-Repellent Coumarin Derivatives, Syntheses, and Methods of Use
TWI567064B (zh) 2011-09-12 2017-01-21 龍馬躍有限公司 包含異唑啉活性劑之殺寄生蟲組合物、方法及其用途
US20130079394A1 (en) 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Cnrs (Centre National Recherche Scientifique) Indirect modeling of new repellent molecules active against insects, acarids, and other arthropods
CA2855954C (en) 2011-11-17 2020-09-01 Merial Limited Compositions comprising an aryl pyrazole and a substituted imidazole, methods and uses thereof.
ES2659159T3 (es) 2011-12-02 2018-03-14 Merial, Inc. Formulaciones de moxidectina inyectable de acción prolongada y nuevas formas cristalinas de moxidectina
HUE041514T2 (hu) 2012-02-06 2019-05-28 Merial Inc Szisztémásan ható hatóanyagokat tartalmazó, parazitaellenes, szájon át adagolt állatgyógyászati készítmények, eljárások és alkalmazásuk
JO3626B1 (ar) 2012-02-23 2020-08-27 Merial Inc تركيبات موضعية تحتوي على فيبرونيل و بيرميثرين و طرق استخدامها
NZ701185A (en) 2012-04-20 2015-08-28 Merial Ltd Parasiticidal compositions comprising benzimidazole derivatives, methods and uses thereof
LT2922845T (lt) 2012-11-20 2018-09-10 Merial, Inc. Antihelmintiniai junginiai ir kompozicijos ir jų naudojimo būdai
ES2681420T3 (es) 2013-01-31 2018-09-13 Merial, Inc. Procedimiento para el tratamiento y la curación de leishmaniosis utilizando fexinindazol
EP3733664A1 (en) 2013-11-01 2020-11-04 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. Antiparisitic and pesticidal isoxazoline compounds
AU2015247463B2 (en) 2014-04-17 2018-03-29 Basf, Se Use of malononitrile compounds for protecting animals from parasites
WO2015179414A1 (en) 2014-05-19 2015-11-26 Merial, Inc. Anthelmintic compounds
ES2895826T3 (es) 2014-06-19 2022-02-22 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc Composiciones parasiticidas que comprenden derivados de indol, procedimientos y usos de las mismas
AU2015339096B2 (en) 2014-10-31 2018-08-02 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. Parasiticidal composition comprising fipronil
UY36570A (es) 2015-02-26 2016-10-31 Merial Inc Formulaciones inyectables de acción prolongada que comprenden un agente activo isoxazolina, métodos y usos de las mismas
SG10201912724SA (en) 2015-04-08 2020-02-27 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc Extended release injectable formulations comprising an isoxazoline active agent, methods and uses thereof
RS62130B1 (sr) 2015-05-20 2021-08-31 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc Antihelmintička depsipeptidna jedinjenja
WO2016191389A2 (en) 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Merial, Inc. Compositions containing antimicrobial igy antibodies, for treatment and prevention of disorders and diseases caused by oral health compromising (ohc) microorganisms
UY37137A (es) 2016-02-24 2017-09-29 Merial Inc Compuestos antiparasitarios de isoxazolina, formulaciones inyectables de acción prolongada que los comprenden, métodos y usos de los mismos
WO2018039508A1 (en) 2016-08-25 2018-03-01 Merial, Inc. Method for reducing unwanted effects in parasiticidal treatments
WO2018071535A1 (en) 2016-10-14 2018-04-19 Merial, Inc. Pesticidal and parasiticidal vinyl isoxazoline compounds
WO2018093920A1 (en) 2016-11-16 2018-05-24 Merial, Inc. Anthelmintic depsipeptide compounds
AU2018292285B2 (en) 2017-06-26 2023-05-25 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. Dual active parasiticidal granule compositions, methods and uses thereof
WO2019036407A1 (en) 2017-08-14 2019-02-21 Merial, Inc. PYRAZOLE-ISOXAZOLINE COMPOUNDS WITH PESTICIDE AND PARASITICIDE ACTIVITY
WO2019157241A1 (en) 2018-02-08 2019-08-15 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. Parasiticidal compositions comprising eprinomectin and praziquantel, methods and uses thereof
SG11202012922VA (en) 2018-07-09 2021-01-28 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc Anthelminthic heterocyclic compounds
EP3883648A1 (en) 2018-11-20 2021-09-29 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. Indazolylcyanoethylamino compound, compositions of same, method of making, and methods of using thereof
WO2020150032A1 (en) 2019-01-16 2020-07-23 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. Topical compositions comprising a neonicotinoid and a macrocyclic lactone, methods and uses thereof
UY38599A (es) 2019-03-01 2020-08-31 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc Composiciones inyectables de clorsulón, sus métodos y usos
KR20220002890A (ko) 2019-03-19 2022-01-07 뵈링거 잉겔하임 애니멀 헬스 유에스에이 인코포레이티드 구충성 아자-벤조티오펜 및 아자-벤조푸란 화합물
CN114144172A (zh) 2019-07-22 2022-03-04 英特维特国际股份有限公司 软咀嚼兽用剂型
KR20230028268A (ko) 2020-05-29 2023-02-28 뵈링거 잉겔하임 애니멀 헬스 유에스에이 인코포레이티드 구충성 헤테로시클릭 화합물
CA3205997A1 (en) 2020-12-21 2022-06-30 University Of Georgia Research Foundation Inc. Parasiticidal collar comprising isoxazoline compounds

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3950360A (en) * 1972-06-08 1976-04-13 Sankyo Company Limited Antibiotic substances
US4173571A (en) * 1977-12-19 1979-11-06 Merck & Co., Inc. 13-Halo and 13-deoxy derivatives of C-076 compounds
US4328335A (en) * 1979-08-13 1982-05-04 Merck & Co., Inc. Process for the interconversion of C-076 compounds
JPS5632481A (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-04-01 Sankyo Co Ltd Antibiotic b-41d, its preparation, and acaricide and anthelminthic agent and repellent containing the same as active constituent
US4457920A (en) * 1981-09-03 1984-07-03 Merck & Co., Inc. 4a-Substituted avermectin compounds
EP0165900A3 (de) * 1984-06-08 1986-05-28 Ciba-Geigy Ag Neue Lactone, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung in der Schädlingsbekämpfung
CS268803B2 (en) * 1984-09-14 1990-04-11 Glaxo Group Ltd Pesticide
HUT39739A (en) * 1984-12-04 1986-10-29 Ciba Geigy Ag Process for production of derivatives of 13,3-milbemycin and medical preparatives containing thereof
ES8802229A1 (es) * 1985-04-30 1988-04-16 Glaxo Group Ltd Un procedimiento para preparar nuevos derivados lactonicos macrociclicos.
US4778809A (en) * 1985-08-23 1988-10-18 Ciba-Geigy Corporation 5-esters of milbemycins for controlling parasitic pests
US4833168A (en) * 1986-10-03 1989-05-23 Merck & Co., Inc. Avermectin reformatsky adducts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63255286A (ja) 1988-10-21
FI881328A0 (fi) 1988-03-21
DK157188A (da) 1988-09-25
PT87033B (pt) 1992-06-30
IL85810A (en) 1992-06-21
EP0284563A3 (en) 1989-10-25
PT87033A (pt) 1988-04-01
AU614509B2 (en) 1991-09-05
US4973711A (en) 1990-11-27
IE880871L (en) 1988-09-24
US4871719A (en) 1989-10-03
EP0284563A2 (de) 1988-09-28
NZ223970A (en) 1990-05-28
DE3850160D1 (de) 1994-07-21
KR880011169A (ko) 1988-10-27
EP0284563B1 (de) 1994-06-15
HUT46322A (en) 1988-10-28
FI92831C (fi) 1995-01-10
FI881328A (fi) 1988-09-25
IE63143B1 (en) 1995-03-22
AU1350288A (en) 1988-09-22
ZW2788A1 (en) 1988-11-16
KR960004533B1 (en) 1996-04-06
CA1300609C (en) 1992-05-12
PH27027A (en) 1993-02-01
IL85810A0 (en) 1988-09-30
JP2683583B2 (ja) 1997-12-03
ES2054862T3 (es) 1994-08-16
DK167682B1 (da) 1993-12-06
FI92831B (fi) 1994-09-30
ATE107307T1 (de) 1994-07-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DK157188D0 (da) Middel til bekaempelse af parasitter hos nyttedyr
JPS5764632A (en) Novel 2-arylethyl ether derivative and thioether derivative, their production and insecticide and acaricide
BE881815A (fr) Nouveaux derives phenoxy d'acides gras du type ethers heterocycliques, leur procede de preparation et compositions herbicides les contenant
HUT43939A (en) Herbicide comprising substituted semicarbazone or thiosemicarbazone derivatives as active substance and process for preparing the active substance
JPS5598193A (en) Methylenediphosphonic acid derivative and herbicide comprising it as active constituent
DE59001846D1 (de) Neue 3-methoximinopropionsaeureester und diese enthaltende fungizide.
KR890002163A (ko) 항균성 ksb-1939화합물 및 그의 제조방법과 그것을 함유하는 살충제
TR25658A (tr) BÖCEK ÖLDüRüCü,AKAR ÖLDüRüCü,IPLIKKURDU ÖLDüRüCü VEYUMUSAKCA ÖLDüRüCü OLARAK YARARLI,N-ACILLENMIS YENI ARILPIROLLER.
DK405983D0 (da) Biologiske ukrudtsbekaempelsesmidler
JPS5576803A (en) Agent for controlling noxious life
IE780334L (en) Benzyloxime ethers.
ATE112776T1 (de) Von milbemycinen ableitbare insektizide und parasitizide.
AU1566588A (en) N-benzoyl-n'-trihalo-haloalkoxyphenylureas, their preparation and the use thereof in pest control
MY105867A (en) Pyrrole insecticides
ES8503646A1 (es) Procedimiento para la obtencion de derivados de bencilurea.
JPS5424870A (en) Oxazolidine-2,4-diones and agricultural and horticultural fungicides containing them
ES8400443A1 (es) Mejoras introducidas en un procedimiento para la preparacion de hidroximidatos y tiolhidroximidatos heterobiciclicos y derivados ester carbamato de lso mismos.
KR930023367A (ko) 푸로벤조피란 유도체, 그의 제조 방법 및 활성 성분으로서 상기 화합물을 함유하는 제초제
JPS5490183A (en) 3,4-dihydrocarbostyryl derivative, and agricultural and horticultural fungicides containing it as active constituent
JPS5699449A (en) Phenylacetic ester, its preparation and insecticide and acaricide
TH9638EX (th) ออกซาไบไซโคลแอลเคนที่เลือกเฉพาะ
JPS57144293A (en) Beta-phenethylphosphonic ester derivative, its preparation and herbicide containing the same as active constituent

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ATS Application withdrawn
PBP Patent lapsed