DK155446B - PLANT FOR REMOTE CONTROL OF HYDRAULIC APPLIANCES IN AN UNDERGROUND BROWN REMOVAL - Google Patents
PLANT FOR REMOTE CONTROL OF HYDRAULIC APPLIANCES IN AN UNDERGROUND BROWN REMOVAL Download PDFInfo
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- DK155446B DK155446B DK258875AA DK258875A DK155446B DK 155446 B DK155446 B DK 155446B DK 258875A A DK258875A A DK 258875AA DK 258875 A DK258875 A DK 258875A DK 155446 B DK155446 B DK 155446B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009844 basic oxygen steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers
- E21B33/064—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers specially adapted for underwater well heads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
- E21B33/0355—Control systems, e.g. hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, acoustic, for submerged well heads
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Description
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Opfindelsen angår et anlæg til fjernbetjening af hydrauliske apparater i en undersøisk brøndoverbygning ved hjælp af et til denne sluttet, fra vandoverfladen styrbart hydrauliksystem med lukket kredsløb, der har 5 flere akkumulatorkamre med til- og afgange, som kan ind-og udkobles, og med en membran, der adskiller en akkumuleret hydraulikvæske fra en gas under tryk.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a system for remote control of hydraulic apparatus in a subsea well superstructure by means of a closed circuit controllable hydraulic system with a closed circuit having 5 multiple accumulator chambers with inputs and outputs which can be switched on and off diaphragm separating an accumulated hydraulic fluid from a pressurized gas.
Af speciel interesse inden for opfindelsens anvendelsesområde er sådanne anlæg, hvor de undersøiske 10 apparater med henblik på indstilling og efterregulering eller istandsættelse ikke er let tilgængelige og hverken tilsigtet eller utilsigtet må lække hydraulikvæske til det omgivende vand. Efterhånden som olieforekomsterne på større vanddybder udnyttes, er man begyndt at interesse-15 re sig mere for metoder til at tilvejebringe boringer uden at skulle opstille faste platforme ved boringen. Udgiften for faste platforme stiger hurtigt med stigende vanddybde, og med mindre et tilstrækkeligt antal af meget produktive boringer kan tilvejebringes og udnyttes 20 fra en enkelt platform, bliver det økonomisk umuligt at hente olien op på disse steder.Of particular interest in the field of application of the invention are such installations where the subsea apparatus for setting and re-adjusting or refurbishing are not readily available and must not intentionally or unintentionally leak hydraulic fluid into the surrounding water. As the oil deposits at greater water depths are utilized, more interest has begun to be gained in methods of providing bores without having to set up solid platforms at the bore. The cost of fixed platforms increases rapidly with increasing water depth, and unless a sufficient number of highly productive wells can be provided and utilized from a single platform, it becomes economically impossible to pick up the oil at these locations.
Forskellige forslag er fremkommet til individuel behandling af undersøiske boringer, dvs. at lave boringer ved de forskellige spredte lokaliteter, at udstyre 25 hver af dem med sit eget brøndoverbygningsanlæg og derefter gennem rørledninger at bringe produktionen fra hver boring til en central offshore platform eller til en station på land. Nogle sådanne individuelle undersøiske boringer er udført med held, udstyret med appara-30 ter og udnyttet.Various proposals have been made for individual treatment of subsea wells, ie. to drill at the various dispersed sites, to equip 25 each with its own well superstructure, and then through pipelines to bring production from each well to a central offshore platform or to a shore station. Some such individual subsea bores have been successfully completed, equipped with appliances and utilized.
Undersøiske systemer til styring af driften af brøndoverbygningsapparater anvender hydrauliske væske-pumper placeret enten over havoverfladen eller indbygget i brøndoverbygningen for at forsyne de undersøiske appa-35 rater med den til driften nødvendige drivvæske.Submarine systems for controlling the operation of well superstructures use hydraulic fluid pumps located either above sea level or built into the superstructure to supply the submarine equipment with the propellant required for operation.
Akkumulatorer til den hydrauliske væske er påmonteret det undersøiske udstyr for at man kan få et nær-Hydraulic fluid accumulators are mounted on the subsea equipment to provide a near-
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OISLAND
liggende reservoir for drivvæsken under tryk. Når den hydrauliske pumpe findes over vandoverfladen, må de neddykkede akkumulatorer nødvendigvis fødes gennem lange hydrauliske ledninger. Disse kan dog forholdsvis let 5 beskadiges, hvorved der kan forekomme lækage af hydraulisk væske til det omgivende vand. Dertil kommer, at det af de lange hydrauliske ledninger følgende trykfald begrænser reaktionen af de neddykkede apparater, når hy-draulikvæskeforsyningen belastes stærkt. På den anden 10 side er der i de apparater, hvor den hydrauliske pumpe er monteret direkte på det neddykkede udstyr, en praktisk begrænsning af den pumpestørrelse, som kan bruges, eftersom vægt, tilpasning, kompakthed og det areal, der er udsat for bølgernes kraft, er af betydelig vigtighed, 15 såvel hvad angår betjeningen og installeringen af udstyret fra et flydende fartøj som på grund af vandets kraft, som pumpen skal modstå, når den er på plads. Denne begrænsning af den neddykkede pumpes størrelse kan bevirke, at det ikke er gennemførligt at indbygge en 20 pumpe af tilstrækkelig størrelse i det neddykkede udstyr til at holde akkumulatorerne under stadigt arbejdstryk ved normal arbejdsgang.lying reservoir for the propellant under pressure. When the hydraulic pump is found above the water surface, the submerged accumulators must necessarily be fed through long hydraulic lines. However, these can be relatively easily damaged, whereby leakage of hydraulic fluid to the surrounding water can occur. In addition, the pressure drop from the long hydraulic lines limits the response of the submerged appliances when the hydraulic fluid supply is heavily loaded. On the other hand, in the devices where the hydraulic pump is mounted directly on the submerged equipment, there is a practical limitation on the pump size that can be used, since weight, fit, compactness and the area exposed to the power of the waves , is of considerable importance, both as regards the operation and installation of the equipment of a floating vessel, and because of the force of the water which the pump must withstand when in place. This limitation of the size of the submerged pump may mean that it is not feasible to incorporate a sufficiently large pump into the submerged equipment to keep the accumulators under constant working pressure during normal operation.
Hvis apparatets trvkvæskebehov i et af de fore gående tilfælde overstiger den hastighed, hvormed de 25 neddykkede akkumulatorer kan genoplades enten gennem de lange hydrauliske ledninger fra overfladen eller af pumpen indbygget i det neddykkede udstyr, vil arbejdet blive afbrudt, indtil akkumulatorerne kan oplades til arbejdstryk. Dette er selvsagt en meget stor ulempe.If, in one of the foregoing cases, the fluid demand of the apparatus exceeds the rate at which the 25 submerged accumulators can be recharged either through long hydraulic lines from the surface or by the pump built into the submerged equipment, the work will be interrupted until the accumulators can be charged to working pressure. Of course, this is a major drawback.
30 Fra US-PS 3 496 999 kendes et lukket hydraulisk system til styri ng af preventerventiler i en brøndoverbygning, som styres rent elektrisk fra vandoverfladen.30 US-PS 3 496 999 discloses a closed hydraulic system for controlling preventive valves in a well superstructure, which is controlled electrically from the water surface.
Dette system omfatter flere akkumulatorer med til- og afgange, som kan ind- og udkobles. Systemets akkumulato-35 rer har ikke selv nogen trykgastilslutning, men arbejder derimod i sig selv lukket som højtryksenergiakkumulator.This system includes several accumulators with inputs and outputs which can be switched on and off. The system's accumulators do not have any pressure gas connection themselves, but on their own work is closed as a high pressure energy accumulator.
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3 US-PS 3 100 365 anviser et hydraulisk system til aktivering af ventiler og drivenhed i et missil, hvor der anvendes et lukket hydrauliksystem med to kamre, som ved hjælp af et tilført gastryk skiftevis virker som 5 højtryks- eller lavtrykskammer. Til omskiftning af deres virkemåde omskiftes en hydraulikvæskeventil og en gasventil samtidigt. Der gives ingen henvisning til en mulig fjernbetjening eller til anvendelse i forbindelse med brøndoverbygninger med deres specielle havforure-10 ningsproblematik.3 US-PS 3 100 365 discloses a hydraulic system for actuating valves and drive unit in a missile using a closed two-chamber hydraulic system which alternately acts as a high-pressure or low-pressure chamber by means of an applied gas pressure. To change their operation, a hydraulic fluid valve and a gas valve are switched simultaneously. No reference is made to a possible remote control or to use in conjunction with well superstructures with their particular marine pollution problem.
Opfindelsen har til opgave at anvise et anlæg til fjernbetjening af en under 3013xv brøndoverbygnings hydrauliske apparater, hvor et lukket hydraulisk system kan drives kontinuert ved hjælp af en alternerende om-15 skiftning af gasakkumulatorer, og hvor det samlede system kan holdes under et relativt ringe tryk i forhold til vandtrykket.The invention has for its object to provide a system for remote control of a hydraulic apparatus below 3013xv, where a closed hydraulic system can be operated continuously by an alternating switch of gas accumulators and where the overall system can be kept under a relatively low pressure. in relation to the water pressure.
Til opnåelse heraf er anlægget af den i indledningen nævnte art ejendommeligt ved, at hydrauliksyste-20 met har to ved brøndoverbygningen anbragte, skiftevis som højtryks- og lavtrykskammer tjenende akkumulatorkamre for hydraulikvæsken, hvortil trykgassen kan føres fra en ved vandoverfladen anbragt kompressor gennem dels fjernledninger, dels gasledninger mellem disse og akku-25 mulatorkamrene, at der til samtidig omskiftning af højtrykskammeret til lavtrykskamraer og lavtrykskammeret til højtrykskammer ved brøndoverbygningen findes en gassty-reventil og en hydraulikvæskestyreventil, som ved afsluttet tømning af det ene akkumulatorkammer for hydrau-30 likvæske er indrettet til indbyrdes omskiftning af dette kammers til en højtryksledning førende tilslutning for hydraulikvæske og det andet kammers tilslutning til lavtrykshydraulikvæske i en lavtryksledning, og at mindst én med højtryksledningen og lavtryksledningen forbundet 35 styreventil hørende til minst ét af de fjernbetjente apparater er integreret i hydrauliksystemet, samt at der 4To achieve this, the plant of the kind mentioned in the introduction is peculiar in that the hydraulic system has two arranged at the well superstructure, alternating as high pressure and low pressure chambers for the hydraulic fluid accumulator, to which the compressed gas can be fed from a compressor arranged at the water surface through partly gas gas between these and the accumulator chambers, there is a gas control valve and a hydraulic fluid control valve for simultaneously switching the high pressure chamber to the low pressure chambers and the low pressure chamber to the high pressure chamber at the well superstructure, which is completed at the discharge of one switching this chamber to a high pressure line leading connection for hydraulic fluid and the other chamber connection to low pressure hydraulic fluid into a low pressure line, and at least one control valve connected to the high pressure line and the low pressure line belonging to at least one of the remote control apparatus is integrated into the hydraulic system and that there are 4
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også for gaskredsløbet findes et lukket system, hvortil der hører en højtryksakkumulator og en lavtryksakkumulator, som er anbragt ved vandoverfladen og via gasfjernledningerne er forbundet med gasstyreventilen ved brønd-5 overbygningen.also for the gas circuit there is a closed system to which a high-pressure accumulator and a low-pressure accumulator, which are arranged at the water surface and are connected via the gas remote lines to the gas control valve at the well superstructure.
Foretrukne udførelsesformer ifølge opfindelsen er angivet i underkravene.Preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the subclaims.
Anlægget Ifølge opfindelsen er således udformet, at det sikrer en afbrydelsesfri drift med korte svarti-10 der af apparaterne, hvor hydraulikvæskens nødvendige driftstryk ved den undersøiske brøndoverbygning ikke påvirkes af ændringer i vanddybden.The plant according to the invention is designed to ensure interruption-free operation with short response times of the apparatus, where the required operating pressure of the hydraulic fluid at the subsea well superstructure is not affected by changes in water depth.
Dertil anvendes flere hydraulikvæskeakkumulato-rer, som fordeles i to funktionsafsnit af hydrauliksy-15 stemet, hvor den ene udgør et under tryk stående hydrau-likvæskereservoir til påvirkning eller igangsætning af de hydraulisk drevne apparater, og den anden fungerer som lavtryksmodtager af den fra apparaterne afgivne hydraulikvæske. Systemets hydraulikafsnit danner en i 20 sig selv fuldstændig lukket reguleringskreds, hvori systemets hydraulikvæskemængde kontinuert løber frem og tilbage og under normale driftsbetingelser ikke skal efterfyldes.In addition, several hydraulic fluid accumulators are used, which are divided into two functional sections of the hydraulic system, one of which is a pressurized hydraulic fluid reservoir for actuating or starting the hydraulically driven apparatus, and the other acts as a low pressure receiver of the dispenser delivered from the apparatus. hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic section of the system forms a completely closed control circuit in itself, in which the amount of hydraulic fluid flow of the system continuously flows back and forth and under normal operating conditions is not to be replenished.
Ved hydrauliksystemets anvendelse i på havbunden 25 liggende brøndoverbygninger afstrømmer hydraulikvæsken fra de drevne apparaters afgangsside i det væsentlige mod atmosfæriske tryk og derved uafhængigt af vanddybden. Herved undgås nødvendigheden af en trykstigning på hydrauliksystemets drivside som følge af stigende vand-30 dybde, hvilket ellers er krævet, når hydraulikvæsken af-strømmer mod det omgivende hydrostatiske tryk. Dermed er systemets driftsparametre I hovedsagen uberørte af hvilken vanddybde apparaterne er neddykket til.When the hydraulic system is used in wells superimposed on the seabed 25, the hydraulic fluid from the discharge side of the driven apparatus flows substantially towards atmospheric pressure and thus independent of the water depth. This avoids the necessity of a pressure rise on the hydraulic system drive side due to increasing water depth, which is otherwise required when the hydraulic fluid flows towards the surrounding hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the operating parameters of the system are essentially untouched by the depth of water the apparatus is submerged into.
Ved anlægget Ifølge opfindelsen oplades det akku-35 mulatorkammer, der fungerer som højtrykskammer for den hydrauliske væske, ved hjælp af komprimeret gas, og detIn the plant according to the invention, the accumulator chamber, which acts as a high pressure chamber for the hydraulic fluid, is charged by compressed gas, and the
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5 akkumulatorkaminer, som virker som lavtrykskammer for den afgivne hydrauliske væske, udluftes gennem en gasledning under stort set atmosfærisk tryk. Anlægget er konstrueret således, at trykgasledningen og udluftningsledningen 5 alternerende kan forbindes med hvert af akkumulatorkamrene, så at når iavtrykskammeret er fyldt med afgivet hydraulisk væske, tilsluttes trykgasledningen til dette, så det fungerer som højtrykskammer, medens udluftningsledningen samtidig forbindes med det tidligere højtryks-10 kammer, der så bliver lavtrykskammer. Endvidere har anlægget organer til automatisk at skifte mellem kamrene, når modtagekammeret har opnået sin fulde ladekapacitet for hydraulisk væske, så at der opnås kontinuerlig drift af apparaterne uden opsyn eller medvirken af menneskelig 15 arbejdskraft. Under hensyntagen til de problemer, der skyldes forholdene ved en oliekilde på stor havdybde, vil det være tilrådeligt til dette brug at indbygge en vis grad af redundans i anlægget, såsom at muliggøre en alternativ manuel indgriben i tilfælde af, at den auto-20 matiske funktion svigter.Five accumulator stoves, which act as low pressure chambers for the delivered hydraulic fluid, are vented through a gas line under substantially atmospheric pressure. The system is designed so that the pressurized gas line and the vent line 5 can alternatively be connected to each of the accumulator chambers, so that when the imprint chamber is filled with delivered hydraulic fluid, the pressurized gas line is connected to it so that it acts as a high-pressure chamber, while the vent line is simultaneously connected to the previous high-pressure 10. chamber which then becomes low pressure chamber. Furthermore, the plant has means for automatically switching between the chambers when the receiving chamber has reached its full charging capacity for hydraulic fluid, so that continuous operation of the apparatus is achieved without the supervision or assistance of human labor. Taking into account the problems caused by the conditions of an oil well at high depths, it would be advisable for this use to incorporate some degree of redundancy in the plant, such as enabling an alternative manual intervention in the event that the automatic function fails.
Der er indbygget tilstrækkelig volumenkapacitet i apparatet til at opnå en rimelig grad af kontinuerlig drift fra samme trykkammer, før det er nødvendigt at omskifte kamrene som ovenfor beskrevet. Denne volumen-25 mæssige kapacitet kan være tilvejebragt i enkelte højtryks- og lavtryksakkumulatorkamre, som omtalt skematisk i det følgende, eller den ønskede volumenmæssige kapacitet kan fremskaffes ved hjælp af et antal akkumulatorkamre, der er forbundet i. grupper, og som i hoved-30 sagen virker som de viste enkeltkamre.Enough volume capacity is built into the apparatus to achieve a reasonable degree of continuous operation from the same pressure chamber before it is necessary to switch the chambers as described above. This volumetric capacity may be provided in individual high-pressure and low-pressure accumulator chambers, as discussed schematically below, or the desired volume capacity may be provided by a plurality of accumulator chambers connected in groups and as in main 30 the case seems like the single chambers shown.
Det er et fordelagtigt træk ved anlægget ifølge opfindelsen, at mediet til tilvejebringelse af tryk for tryksætning af den hydrauliske væske i højtrykskammeret på det hydrauliske systems trykside tilføres gennem 35 trykgasledningen, og at der også stort set opretholdes atmosfærisk tryk i lavtrykskammeret ved hjælp af 6It is an advantageous feature of the plant according to the invention that the medium for providing pressure for pressurizing the hydraulic fluid in the high pressure chamber on the pressure side of the hydraulic system is supplied through the pressure gas line and that atmospheric pressure in the low pressure chamber is also maintained by means of 6
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udluftnlngsledningen. Ved neddykkede apparater kan gasledningerne føres fra kompressorer og trykgasbeholdere på vandoverfladen ned gennem vandet og forbindes med apparaterne. Da endvidere alle anlæggets hydrauliske 5 komponenter er neddykket et godt stykke under havoverfladen, vil chancen for, at hydraulisk væske skulle slippe ud i det omgivende vand, være betydelig reduceret. Gasledningerne op til overfladen passerer gennem området nær havoverfladen, hvor kraftpåvirknin-10 gerne fra vandet er størst, og er således mere udsat for beskadigelse end de dybere liggende hydrauliske rør.udluftnlngsledningen. In the case of submerged appliances, the gas lines can be passed from compressors and pressure vessels on the water surface down through the water and connected to the appliances. Furthermore, since all the hydraulic components of the plant are submerged well below sea level, the chance of hydraulic fluid dropping into the surrounding water will be significantly reduced. The gas lines up to the surface pass through the area near the sea surface, where the force effects from the water are greatest, and are thus more susceptible to damage than the deeper hydraulic pipes.
Skader på gasrørene er selvfølgelig uheldige, men vil ikke skabe den vandforurening, som ville opstå i tilfæl- . de af brud på en hydraulisk ledning.Damage to the gas pipes is, of course, unfortunate, but will not create the water pollution that would occur in the event. those of breakage of a hydraulic line.
15 Betjening af individuelle ventiler og organer i apparatet fjernstyres fra en passende konsol. Det er kendt, at en ventil kan aktiveres fra en fjernere lokalitet gennem elektriske, hydrauliske eller pneumatiske forbindelser eller gennem akustiske eller elektromagne-20 tiske signaler til igangsætning af ventilbevægelsen, eller ved en kombination af sådanne midler.15 The operation of individual valves and organs in the apparatus is controlled remotely from an appropriate console. It is known that a valve can be actuated from a distant location through electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic connections or through acoustic or electromagnetic signals to initiate valve movement, or by a combination of such means.
Opfindelsen beskrives nærmere under henvisning til den skematiske tegning, hvor fig. 1 viser en illustration af et anlæg ifølge 25 opfindelsen og illustrerer indstillingen af nogle ventiler, når en bestemt akkumulator anvendes som trykkammer for hydraulikvæske, og en anden akkumulator bruges som modtagekammer for afgivet hydraulikvæske, fig. 2 en illustration af ventilernes indstil-30 ling, når den anden akkumulator bruges som trykkammer for hydraulikvæske, og den første akkumulator bruges som modtagekammer for afgivet hydraulikvæske, fig. 3 anlægget ifølge opfindelsen, når det anvendes som styreapparat ved en brøndoverbygning indehol-35 dende et stort antal hydraulisk betjente apparater, og fig. 4 et sidebillede af en del af styreapparatet til en undersøisk brøndoverbygning og viser en måde,The invention is further described with reference to the schematic drawing, in which fig. 1 shows an illustration of a system according to the invention and illustrates the setting of some valves when a particular accumulator is used as a pressure chamber for hydraulic fluid and another accumulator is used as a receiving chamber for delivered hydraulic fluid; 2 is an illustration of the valve setting when the second accumulator is used as a pressure chamber for hydraulic fluid and the first accumulator is used as the receiving chamber for delivered hydraulic fluid; FIG. 3 shows the system according to the invention when used as a control apparatus for a well superstructure containing a large number of hydraulically operated apparatus, and FIG. 4 is a side view of a portion of the submarine well superstructure controller showing a way,
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7 hvorpå det neddykkede apparat kan forbindes med forsyningsledninger, der udgår fra havoverfladen.7 on which the submerged apparatus can be connected to supply lines starting from the sea surface.
Ved en boring på havbunden er styreapparatet for boringen forbundet til et borehul under havoverfladen.When drilling on the seabed, the drilling control device is connected to a borehole below the sea surface.
5 Et i fig. 1 og 2 vist fjernbetjeningsanlæg kan passende deles i tre væsentlige undergrupper, som angivet med de med punkterede linier indrammede områder 10, 12 og 14. Undergruppe 10 omfatter en del af anlægget, som kan etableres på et sted i afstand fra dets andre 10 dele, som det betjeningsmæssigt kan være forbundet med ved hjælp af passende demonterbare forbindelser i gas-og elektricitetsledningerne, som er fælles for undergrupperne. Undergruppen 10 kan f. eks. være placeret over havfladen, mens resten af anlægget er nedsænket i 15 havet og forbundet med det undersøiske borehul.5 An embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2, the remote control system may conveniently be divided into three essential subgroups, as indicated by the dotted lines 10, 12 and 14. Subgroup 10 comprises a part of the system which can be established at a location away from its other 10 parts, to which it may be operatively connected by means of appropriately removable connections in the gas and electricity lines common to the subgroups. For example, the subgroup 10 may be located above the sea surface, while the rest of the facility is submerged in the sea and connected to the subsea borehole.
Undergruppe 12 omfatter hoveddelen af ventilerne, ved hjælp af hvilke anlægget betjenes. Denne undergruppe kan f. eks. indkapsles i et hylster, som kan sænkes ned i vandet og automatisk forbindes med de under-20 søiske styreorganer.Sub-group 12 comprises the main part of the valves by which the system is operated. This subgroup can be enclosed, for example, in a housing which can be submerged in the water and automatically connected to the underwater control means.
Undergruppe 14 omfatter de organer, som til sidst betjenes af anlægget og andre udstyr, som måtte blive tilsluttet på det undersøiske sted. Undergruppen 14 kan f. eks. indbefatte boringsstyreorganer, såsom de 25 såkaldte "blowout preventers", som. udgør en del af bo-ringsstyreapparatet.Subgroup 14 includes the bodies that are eventually operated by the facility and other equipment that may be connected at the submarine site. For example, subgroup 14 may include drilling control means such as the so-called "blowout preventers" which. forms part of the drilling control apparatus.
Ifølge opfindelsen drives boringsstyreorganerne, som skematisk repræsenteret af cylinder- og stempelarrangementet 20, ved hjælp af hydraulikvæske under tryk.According to the invention, the bore guide means, as schematically represented by the cylinder and piston arrangement 20, is operated by means of hydraulic fluid under pressure.
30 I den i fig. 1 viste stilling af anlæggets hy drauliksystem fungerer en akkumulator 22 som et kammer for hydraulikvæske under tryk. Akkumulatorkammeret 22 vil fortrinsvis være installeret som en del af det neddykkede apparat ved brøndoverbygningen som vist i fig.In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the accumulator 22 acts as a chamber for pressurized hydraulic fluid. The accumulator chamber 22 will preferably be installed as part of the submerged apparatus at the well superstructure as shown in FIG.
35 4. På denne plads anbringes trykkammeret umiddelbart i forbindelse med boringens styreorganer og drives med hy-4. At this location, the pressure chamber is placed immediately in connection with the control means of the bore and operated with
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s draulikvæske for at undgå nødvendigheden af at føre hydraulikledninger fra det neddykkede apparat til vandets overflade. I denne stilling er et akkumulatorkammer 24 også forbundet som kammer til modtagelse af afgående hy-5 draulikvæske, der afgives fra boringens styreorgan. Akkumulatorkammeret 24 anbringes også fortrinsvis i det neddykkede apparat ved brøndoverbygningen, som angivet i fig. 4. Som det herefter vil blive forklaret, sættes akkumulator kamrene 22 og 24 skiftevis til at fungere 10 som højtrykskammer og lavtrykskammer.s draulic fluid to avoid the need to route hydraulic lines from the submerged apparatus to the surface of the water. In this position, an accumulator chamber 24 is also connected as a chamber for receiving outgoing hydraulic fluid delivered from the bore control means. The accumulator chamber 24 is also preferably placed in the submerged apparatus at the well superstructure, as shown in FIG. 4. As will be explained below, the accumulator chambers 22 and 24 are alternately set to function 10 as high pressure chamber and low pressure chamber.
Akkumulatorkammeret 22 er delt ved hjælp af en fleksibel membran 26, der adskiller en kammerdel 28 for hydraulikvæske fra en trykgaskammerdel 30. Gaskammerdelen er gennem en ledning 32, som er aftageligt 15 forbundet ved hjælp af et forbindelsesstykke 34, fig.The accumulator chamber 22 is divided by a flexible diaphragm 26 which separates a hydraulic fluid chamber portion 28 from a pressurized gas chamber portion 30. The gas chamber portion is connected through a conduit 32 which is removably 15 by means of a connector 34;
1, med en ledning 36 forbundet med undergruppen 12. Ledningen 36 er gennem en ventil 38 i forbindelse med en fjernledning 40, som igen er i forbindelse med en højtryksakkumulator 42. Således bliver højtryksgassen 20 ført gennem det omtalte ledningsarrangement ind i gasdelen 30 af akkumulatorkammeret 22 for at udøve gastryk på membranen 26 og sætte hydraulikvæsken i kammerdelen 28 under tryk. Højtryksakkumulatoren 42 har tilstrækkelig kapacitet til at udøve et i hovedsagen 25 konstant tryk på hydraulikvæsken i kammerdelen 23, efterhånden som væskemængden i kammeret aftager under driften af apparatet.1, with a conduit 36 connected to the subgroup 12. Conduit 36 is through a valve 38 in conjunction with a remote conduit 40 which in turn is connected to a high pressure accumulator 42. Thus, the high pressure gas 20 is passed through said conduit arrangement into the gas portion 30 of the accumulator chamber. 22 to exert gas pressure on the diaphragm 26 and pressurize the hydraulic fluid in the chamber portion 28. The high pressure accumulator 42 has sufficient capacity to exert a substantially constant pressure on the hydraulic fluid in the chamber portion 23 as the amount of liquid in the chamber decreases during operation of the apparatus.
Det andet akkumulator kammer 24 er også kon strueret med en fleksibel membran 44 til at adskille 30 en hydraulikvæskekammerdel 46 fra en luftkammerdel 48 på en lignende måde, som er beskrevet for kammeret 22.The second accumulator chamber 24 is also constructed with a flexible diaphragm 44 to separate 30 a hydraulic fluid chamber portion 46 from an air chamber portion 48 in a similar manner as described for chamber 22.
_ Gasindholdet i kammeret 24 er i forbindelse med en ledning 50 i undergruppen 14. Denne ledning er gennem et aftageligt forbindelsesstykke 52 i forbindelse med 35 en ledning 54 i undergruppen 12. Sidstnævnte ledning har gennem ventilen 38 forbindelse med en fjernledningThe gas content of chamber 24 is in conjunction with a conduit 50 in the subgroup 14. This conduit is through a removable connector 52 in conjunction with a conduit 54 in the subgroup 12. The latter conduit connects through a valve 38 to a remote conduit.
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9 56, der igen har forbindelse med en lavtryksakkumulatcr 58, som er konstrueret med en tilstrækkelig gaskapacitet til at holde gastrykket i kammeret 24 i hovedsagen konstant, når gasmængden i dette kammer ændres, medens 5 det modtager hydraulikvæske. I denne stilling holdes akkumulatoren 58 og gaskammerdelen 48 ved atmosfærisk tryk.9 56, which in turn communicates with a low pressure accumulator 58 which is constructed with a sufficient gas capacity to keep the gas pressure in the chamber 24 substantially constant as the amount of gas in that chamber is changed while receiving hydraulic fluid. In this position, the accumulator 58 and the gas chamber portion 48 are maintained at atmospheric pressure.
Når kammeret 24 fyldes med hydraulikvæsken, der afgives fra apparatet 20, vil ventilen 38 sætte det-10 te kammers gasdel 48 i forbindelse med højtryksakkumulatoren 42 og samtidig sætte kammeret 22’s del 30 i forbindelse med akkumulatoren 58, som beskrevet mere udførligt i det følgende. Når dette skift foregår, bliver kammerdelen 46 i kammeret 24 reservoir for hy-15 draulikvæske under tryk til drift af systemet, og kammerdelen 28 i kammeret 22 bliver reservoir for modtagelse af afgivet hydraulikvæske.When the chamber 24 is filled with the hydraulic fluid discharged from the apparatus 20, the valve 38 will connect the gas chamber 48 of the 10 chamber with the high pressure accumulator 42 and at the same time connect the portion 30 of the chamber 22 with the accumulator 58, as described more fully hereinafter. As this shift occurs, chamber portion 46 of chamber 24 becomes hydraulic fluid reservoir pressurized to operate the system, and chamber portion 28 of chamber 22 becomes reservoir for receiving delivered hydraulic fluid.
Idet der stadig henvises til fig. 1 er en ledning 60 for hydraulikvæske i forbindelse med delen 28 og 20 er aftageligt forbundet gennem et forbindelsesstykke 62 med en ledning 64 i undergruppen 12. Ledningen 64 er forbundet med en ventil 66.Referring to FIG. 1, a hydraulic fluid conduit 60 in connection with the parts 28 and 20 is removably connected through a connector 62 with a conduit 64 in the subgroup 12. Conduit 64 is connected to a valve 66.
En lignende hydraulikledning 68 er i forbindelse med kammerdelen 45 og er gennem en aftagelig for-25 bindelse 70 forbundet med en komplementær ledning 72 I undergruppen 12. Ledningen 72 er også forbundet med ventilen 66.A similar hydraulic line 68 is connected to the chamber portion 45 and is connected by a removable connection 70 to a complementary line 72 in the subgroup 12. The line 72 is also connected to the valve 66.
Med systemet i den i fig. 1 viste stilling passerer hydraulikvæsken under tryk fra kammerdelen 28 gen-30 nem ventilen 66 ind i en højtryksledning 74, som fører til en tredje ventil 75 og til en fjerde ventil 78. Den hydraulikvæske, der er afgivet fra apparatet 20, passerer derefter gennem en lavtryksledning 80 og gennem ventilen 66 og derefter til kammerdelen 46 på 35 en måde, som vil blive beskrevet mere udførligt i det følgende.With the system shown in FIG. 1, the hydraulic fluid passes under pressure from the chamber part 28 through the valve 66 into a high pressure line 74 which leads to a third valve 75 and to a fourth valve 78. The hydraulic fluid delivered from the apparatus 20 then passes through a low pressure line 80 and through valve 66 and then to chamber portion 46 in a manner which will be described in greater detail below.
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Apparatet 20 er vist som et cylinder- og stem-pelarrangement, men andre former for hydraulisk drevne apparater kan anvendes i dette system. Ledningen 86, som i dette tilfælde fører hydraulikvæske til apparatet, 5 har forbindelse med den ene ende af cylinderen 20. Den anden ledning 88 har forhånelse med cylinderens anden ende. Som bekendt træder hydraulikvæsken under tryk ind i den ene ende af cylinderen og trykker stemplet mod den anden ende. Ved stemplets bevægelse forskydes hydraulik-10 væske, der udstødes eller afgives fra cylinderen gennem ledningen 8S. Denne ledning er forbundet gennem det aftagelige forbindelsesstykke 90 med en ledning 92 i undergruppen 12, hvilken sidste ledning er i forbindelse med styreventilen 76. Den afgivne hydraulikvæske 15 flyder gennem ventilen 76 ind i ledningen 80 og videre gennem ventilen 66 ind i de forbundne ledninger 72 og 68 og ind i væskekammerdelen i akkumulatorkam-meret 24.Apparatus 20 is shown as a cylinder and piston arrangement, but other types of hydraulically driven apparatus can be used in this system. Conduit 86, which in this case carries hydraulic fluid to the apparatus, 5 communicates with one end of cylinder 20. The other conduit 88 is mocked with the other end of the cylinder. As is known, the hydraulic fluid under pressure enters one end of the cylinder and presses the piston towards the other end. Upon movement of the piston, hydraulic fluid ejected or discharged from the barrel is displaced through conduit 8S. This conduit is connected through the removable connector 90 to a conduit 92 in the subgroup 12, the last conduit communicating with the control valve 76. The delivered hydraulic fluid 15 flows through the valve 76 into the conduit 80 and further through the valve 66 into the connected conduits 72 and 68 and into the liquid chamber portion of the accumulator chamber 24.
Arrangementet og den integrerede betjening af 20 ventilerne i undergruppen 12 er således, at ledningen 80 altid vil være forbundet i det hydrauliske væskekredsløb til at føre afgivet hydraulikvæske bort fra de hydraulisk drevne apparater til det rette akkumulator -kammer. Sn trykmåleindretning 94 er i forbindelse med 25 ledningen 80 og er forbundet i systemet til samtidig at betjene styreventilerne 38 og 66. Hvis f. eks. ventilerne 38 og 66 aktiveres ved elektrisk styrede solenoider / kan en trykaktiveret elektrisk kobler i indretningen 94 bruges til at lede en elektrisk strøm 30 til hver af ventilerne samtidigt, så at begge ventiler skifter til en anden stilling.The arrangement and integrated operation of the 20 valves in the subgroup 12 is such that the conduit 80 will always be connected in the hydraulic fluid circuit to direct the delivered hydraulic fluid away from the hydraulically driven apparatus to the proper accumulator chamber. Sn pressure gauge 94 is connected to conduit 80 and is connected in the system to simultaneously operate control valves 38 and 66. For example, if valves 38 and 66 are actuated by electrically controlled solenoids / a pressure actuated electric coupler in device 94 can be used to conducting an electric current 30 to each of the valves simultaneously so that both valves change to a different position.
_ Som forklaret i det foregående, er ledningen 80 forbundet således i forhold til ventilerne, at den leder afgivet hydraulikvæske til det rigtige modtagekammer.As explained above, the conduit 80 is connected with respect to the valves so that it conducts delivered hydraulic fluid to the proper receiving chamber.
35 Når kammerdelen for hydraulikvæske er helt fyldt, som vist ved kammerdelen 46 i kammeret 24, når man går35 When the hydraulic fluid chamber portion is completely filled, as shown by the chamber portion 46 of the chamber 24, when going
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11 fra fig. 1 til fig. 2, vil det hydrauliske tryk i de indbyrdes forbundne ledninger 68, 72 og 80 forøges, eftersom mere afgivet væske føres til lavtrykskammeret. Trykmåleindretningen 94 er indrettet til at aktiveres 5 ved en bestemt trykforøgelse i ledningen 80 til aktivering af ventilerne 38 og 66, således at de skifter stilling. Systemet vil da indtage den i fig. 2 viste stilling.11 from FIG. 1 to FIG. 2, the hydraulic pressure in the interconnected conduits 68, 72 and 80 will increase as more fluid is supplied to the low pressure chamber. The pressure gauge 94 is arranged to be actuated by a certain pressure increase in the conduit 80 to actuate the valves 38 and 66 so that they change position. The system will then occupy the one shown in FIG. 2.
I fig. 2 er kammerdelen 46 i kammeret 24 fyldt 10 helt op. Det deraf følgende forøgede tryk i ledningen 80 har bevirket, at indretningen 94 aktiverer ventilen 38 til at sætte højtryksakkumulatoren 42 i forbindelse med kammerdelen 48 gennem de med hinanden forbundne ledninger 40, 54 og 50. Samtidig og gennem samme ven-15 til er gaskammerdelen 30 i kammeret 22 sat i forbindelse med lavtryksakkumulatoren 58 under atmosfærisk tryk gennem de med hinanden forbundne ledninger 56, 36 og 32. Samtidig har indretningen 94 aktiveret ventilen 66 til at sætte højtryksledningen 74 i forbindelse 20 med de med hinanden forbundne ledninger 68 og 72, af hvilke den sidste nu indeholder hydraulikvæske under tryk fra kammerdelen 46, og til at sætte lavtryksledningen 80 i forbindelse med de med hinanden forbundne ledninger 60 og 64, som fører til den hydrauliske 25 kammerdel i kammeret 22. Således er de to kamres funktion byttet om, og det første kammer, som tidligere var højtrykskammer, bliver nu lavtrykskammer, medens det andet kammer, som tidligere var lavtrykskammer, bliver nu højtrykskammer.In FIG. 2, the chamber portion 46 of the chamber 24 is filled 10 completely. The resulting increased pressure in conduit 80 has caused device 94 to actuate valve 38 to connect high pressure accumulator 42 to chamber portion 48 through interconnected conduits 40, 54 and 50. At the same time and through the same vein, gas chamber portion 30 is in the chamber 22 connected to the low pressure accumulator 58 under atmospheric pressure through the interconnected conduits 56, 36 and 32. At the same time, the device 94 has activated the valve 66 to connect the high pressure conduit 74 to the interconnected conduits 68 and 72. the latter now containing hydraulic fluid under pressure from the chamber portion 46 and to connect the low pressure line 80 to the interconnected conduits 60 and 64 which lead to the hydraulic chamber portion of the chamber 22. Thus, the function of the two chambers is changed. and the first chamber, which used to be a high-pressure chamber, now becomes a low-pressure chamber, while the second chamber, which used to be a low-pressure chamber, mmer, now becomes high pressure chamber.
30 Det bemærkes, at ombytningen af kamrenes funktion bibeholder ledningen 74 som højtryksledning, og som tidligere bemærket, bliver ledningen 80 opretholdt som lavtryksledning. Når funktionen af akkumulatorkamrene 22 og 24 således skifter, forbliver ventilen 76 i 35 sin oprindelige stilling, således at den kan lede hydraulikvæsken under tryk gennem de med hinanden forbund-It is noted that the interchange of the function of the chambers retains conduit 74 as a high-pressure conduit, and, as previously noted, conduit 80 is maintained as a low-pressure conduit. Thus, as the function of the accumulator chambers 22 and 24 shifts, the valve 76 remains in its original position so that it can pass the hydraulic fluid under pressure through the interconnected connections.
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12 ne lednnger 82 og 86 til fortsat at drive apparatet 20 i den valgte retning. Ved opfindelsen ombyttes funktionen af kamrene 22 og 24 automatisk, så at der kontinuerligt leveres hydraulikvæske til apparatet 20 5 uden på uheldig måde at indvirke på sidstnævntes arbejde.12 lines 82 and 86 to continue to operate the apparatus 20 in the selected direction. In the invention, the function of the chambers 22 and 24 is automatically switched so that hydraulic fluid is continuously supplied to the apparatus 20 5 without adversely affecting the latter's work.
Forskellige ventiler i brøndoverbygningen er indrettet til at påvirkes af et bestemt signal fra en fjernere plads. Eksempelvis er ventilen 76 forbundet med 10 en signalgiver 96 i undergruppen 10 gennem en signalførende ledning 98. Signalgiveren indeholder flere adskilte stationer, som vist skematisk ved knapperne 100, af hvilke hver kan styre betjeningen af et særligt apparat i brøndoverbygningen. Den signalførende ledning 15 98 kan være et muitiplexsystem, der bruger et enkelt par ledninger til at overføre signaler, eller et kabel, der indeholder separate ledninger til hvert apparat. Et signalfremkaldende organ, såsom en elektrisk energikilde, er tilvejebragt i undergruppen 10, til at give et 20 signal, som overføres gennem ledningen 98 til forsyning af en bestemt enhed i gruppen, som f. eks. ventilen 76, og for at bringe den i en sådan stilling, at brøndoverbygningen drives som ønsket. Hvis f. eks. apparatet 20 er en stempelaktiveret blowout preventer, og venti-25 len 76 er indstillet som vist i fig. 1 og 2, vil pre-venteren blive påvirket til en lukket tilstand. Til åbning af preventeren bliver ventilen 76 indstillet til at bringe højtryksledningen 74 i forbindelse med ledningen 92 og lavtryksledningen 80 i forbindelse med 30 ledningen 82. Således vil hydraulikvæsken træde ind i apparatet 20 i den ende, hvor stemplet påvirkes i en retning, så at preventeren åbnes, og hydraulikvæsken i den anden ende af apparatet vil blive bortledt gennem ledningerne 86 og 82 og gennem ventilen 76 til 35 ledningen 80.Various valves in the well superstructure are arranged to be affected by a particular signal from a more distant space. For example, valve 76 is connected to 10 a signal transducer 96 in the subgroup 10 through a signal conducting conduit 98. The transducer contains several separate stations, as shown schematically by the buttons 100, each of which can control the operation of a particular apparatus in the well superstructure. The signal conducting wire 15 98 may be a multi-plex system using a single pair of wires to transmit signals, or a cable containing separate wires for each apparatus. A signal inducing means, such as an electrical energy source, is provided in the subgroup 10 to provide a signal which is transmitted through the conduit 98 to supply a particular unit in the group, such as the valve 76, and to bring it into the such a position that the well superstructure is operated as desired. For example, if apparatus 20 is a plunger-activated blowout preventer and valve 76 is set as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the pre-expectant will be affected to a closed state. To open the preventer, the valve 76 is set to connect the high pressure line 74 to the line 92 and the low pressure line 80 to the line 82. Thus, the hydraulic fluid enters the device 20 at the end where the piston is actuated in a direction so that the preventer will open and the hydraulic fluid at the other end of the apparatus will be discharged through lines 86 and 82 and through valve 76 to line 80.
Det hydrauliske kredsløb i undergruppen 12 omfatter en ventil 78, som ligeledes gennem et signalo-·The hydraulic circuit in the subgroup 12 comprises a valve 78 which also through a signal
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13 verførende organ er forbundet ned signalgiveren 96. I den stilling af ventilen, som er vist i fig. 1, ender en ledning 102, som er en forlængelse af højtryksledningen 74, i ventilen. Imidlertid kan denne ventil aktiveres 5 ved et signal fra signalgiveren 96 til at sætte lavtryksledningen 80 i forbindelse med ledningen 102, som vist med den punkterede linie 104 i fig. 1. Denne stilling af ventilen 78 giver en omledning af hydrau-likvæske og tillader væsken at strømme bort fra høj-10 trykskammerdelen, som vil være kammerdelen i kammeret 22 i fig. 1, gennem ventilen 66 og ventilen 78 til ledningen 80 og igen igennem ventilen 66 og til de med hinanden forbundne ledninger 72 og 63 og derefter ind i kammerdelen i kammeret 24. Ventilen 78 er 15 først og fremmest beregnet til at lade det ene af akkumulatorkamrene blive fyldt med hydraulikvæske og det andet blive tømt ved begyndelsen af driften af hele anlægget eller at foranledige at anlægget sættes i den ønskede driftstilstand efter stop eller anden forsinkei-20 se, som kan indtræde, når begge kammerdelene er delvis fyldt med hydraulikvæske.13 is connected to the signal transducer 96. In the position of the valve shown in FIG. 1, a conduit 102 which is an extension of the high pressure conduit 74 ends in the valve. However, this valve can be actuated by a signal from the signal transducer 96 to connect the low pressure line 80 to the line 102, as shown by the dashed line 104 of FIG. 1. This position of the valve 78 provides a hydraulic fluid diversion and allows the fluid to flow away from the high-pressure chamber portion, which will be the chamber portion of the chamber 22 of FIG. 1, through the valve 66 and valve 78 to the conduit 80 and again through the valve 66 and to the interconnected conduits 72 and 63 and then into the chamber portion of the chamber 24. The valve 78 is intended primarily to allow one of the accumulator chambers be filled with hydraulic fluid and the other be emptied at the beginning of operation of the entire system or cause the system to be put into the desired operating state after a stop or other delay which may occur when both chamber parts are partially filled with hydraulic fluid.
I hydrauliksystemet er der fortrinsvis et hjælpe kammer, fortrinsvis i form af et akkumulatorkammer 106, der har en fleksibel membran 108, der deler kammeret i 25 en kammerde1 104 til hydraulikvæske og en kammerde1 110, der indeholder gas. Kammerdelen 104 er i forbindelse med lavtryksledningen 80 og kammerdelen 100 er gennem en ledning 112 I forbindfelse med fjernledningen 56 til lavtryksakkumulatoren 58, der hensigtsmæs-30 sigt holdes ved atmosfærisk tryk. Hjælpekammeret er anbragt i systemet for at virke som ekspansionskammer for hydraulikvæsken og for at hjælpe med til at holde trykket i lavtryksledningen 80 stort set på atmosfærisk tryk, også for at skaffe erstatningsvæske, hvis hydrau-35 liksystemet kræver det.In the hydraulic system, there is preferably an auxiliary chamber, preferably in the form of an accumulator chamber 106, which has a flexible diaphragm 108 which divides the chamber into a hydraulic fluid chamber 104 and a gas chamber 110 which contains gas. The chamber portion 104 is in communication with the low pressure conduit 80 and the chamber portion 100 is through a conduit 112 In conjunction with the remote conduit 56 to the low pressure accumulator 58 which is conveniently maintained at atmospheric pressure. The auxiliary chamber is arranged in the system to act as an expansion chamber for the hydraulic fluid and to help maintain the pressure in the low pressure line 80 largely at atmospheric pressure, also to provide replacement fluid if the hydraulic system so requires.
I anlægget vist i fig. 3 og 2 er højtryksakkumulatoren 42 forbundet med en kompressor 114, som sugerIn the system shown in FIG. 3 and 2, the high pressure accumulator 42 is connected to a compressor 114 which sucks
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14 gas fra iavtryksakkumulatoren 58. Således kan højtryksdelen 1 gruppen også være et lukket system. Kompressoren 114 har fortrinsvis en kapacitet, der kan holde akkumulatoren 58 under stort set atmosfærisk tryk. Imidler-5 tid kan hydrauliksystemets lavtryksside, hvis det ønskes, drives med et tryk, der enten er større eller mindre end atmosfærisk tryk. Den relative trykforskel mellem de to akkumulatorer bestemmer differenstrykket, der udøves af hydraulikvæsken over apparatet, såsom 20, og gi-10 ver yderligere styring af systemet.14 gas from the imprint accumulator 58. Thus, the high pressure portion 1 group may also be a closed system. The compressor 114 preferably has a capacity which can hold the accumulator 58 under substantially atmospheric pressure. However, if desired, the low pressure side of the hydraulic system can be operated at a pressure that is either greater or less than atmospheric pressure. The relative pressure difference between the two accumulators determines the differential pressure exerted by the hydraulic fluid over the apparatus, such as 20, and provides additional control of the system.
Som beskrevet i det foregående er det ønskeligt, at hver ventil og trykmåleindretningen 94 i undergruppen 12 er forbundet med signalgiveren i undergruppe 10 ved komplementære signaloverførende midler, som f.As described above, it is desirable that each valve and pressure measuring device 94 of the subgroup 12 be connected to the signal transducer in subgroup 10 by complementary signal transmitting means such as f.
15 eks. elektriske ledere. Dette tillader, at anlægget drives såvel manuelt som automatisk og tilvejebringer organer t i 1 fortsat drift af anlægget, hvis automatikken, som f. eks. indretningen 94, skulle svigte. I nogle installa tioner, som f. eks. i havområder, kan det være 20 ønskeligt at samle fjernledningerne og de elektriske ledninger, der går mellem undergruppe 10 og 12, i ét enkelt bundt for at lette behandlingen af disse ledninger og forhindre, at de vikles ind i hinanden eller i det neddykkede apparat. Dette bundt er markeret ved den 25 punkterede cirkel 116, i fig. 1 og 2 og ved samme nr. i fig. 4.15 electrical conductors. This allows the system to be operated both manually and automatically and provides means for continued operation of the system in the event that the automatic device, such as the device 94, should fail. In some installations, such as in marine areas, it may be desirable to collect the remote wires and electrical wires passing between subgroups 10 and 12 in a single bundle to facilitate the treatment of these wires and prevent them from are wound into each other or into the submerged apparatus. This bundle is marked by the 25 dotted circle 116, in FIG. 1 and 2 and by the same no. In fig. 4th
I fig. 3 vises anlægget ifølge opfindelsen i skematisk form anvendt i forbindelse med et særligt arrangement af styreapparater i en brøndoverbygning. En 30 lignende brøndoverbygning ved en undersøisk boring er vist skematisk i fig. 4. I fig. 3 angiver bølgelinien 11 overfladen på et hav 119, i hvilket brøndoverbygningen findes.In FIG. 3, the system according to the invention is shown in schematic form used in connection with a special arrangement of controllers in a well superstructure. A similar well superstructure at a subsea bore is shown schematically in FIG. 4. In FIG. 3, the wave line 11 indicates the surface of an ocean 119 in which the well superstructure is located.
Arrangementet af apparaterne i undergruppen 14 35 i fig. 3 og fig. 4 er almindeligt kendt som en blowout preventer (BOP)-stabel og er under boringen og stadierThe arrangement of the apparatus in the subgroup 14 35 in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is commonly known as a blowout preventer (BOP) stack and is under drilling and stages
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15 af dens fuldførelse anbragt over borehullet. Når boringen er færdig, opsættes der på kendt måde et andet arrangement af apparater, kaldet et "juletræ", ved brøndoverbygningen. Hydrauliksystemet ifølge opfindelsen 5 kan eksempelvis bruges til drift af styreindretningerne på "juletræet".15 of its completion placed over the borehole. When the drilling is complete, another arrangement of appliances, called a "Christmas tree", is set up by the well superstructure. The hydraulic system according to the invention 5 can, for example, be used to operate the control devices on the "Christmas tree".
En BOP-stabel omfatter normalt en serie af vertikalt med hinanden forbundne BOP'er af forskellige typer, som kan betjenes individuelt til styring af brøndover-10 bygningen, alt efter omstændighederne. I apparatet, som er vist på tegningen, repræsenterer 118 en BOP af sækketypen, og 120, 122, 124 og 126 BOP af stempel typen.A BOP stack usually comprises a series of vertically interconnected BOPs of various types, which can be operated individually to control the well-over building, as the case may be. In the apparatus shown in the drawing, 118 represents a BOP of the bag type, and 120, 122, 124 and 126 BOP of the piston type.
128 og 130 angiver elementerne i et aggregat, der hovedsagelig er indrettet til havoperationer og viser hydrau-15 lisk styrede komponenters forbindelseselementer, idet forbindelseselementet 130 bruges til aftageligt at forbinde BOP-stablen med brøndoverbygningen, og forbindelseselementet 128 bruges til aftageligt at slutte et borevæskerør 132 til toppen af BOP-stablen på kendt 20 måde.128 and 130 denote the elements of an assembly mainly adapted for offshore operations and show the connecting elements of hydraulically controlled components, the connecting element 130 being used to releasably connect the BOP stack to the well superstructure, and the connecting element 128 being detachably terminating a drilling fluid tube 132 to the top of the BOP stack in known manner 20.
Som tidligere fremhævet, er det ønskeligt, at hver af de hydrauliske apparater i brøndoverbygningen kan betjenes særskilt. Til dette formål er hvert apparat forbundet med en tilhørende ventil til styring af den 25 tilførte hydraulikvæske.As previously emphasized, it is desirable that each of the hydraulic apparatus in the well superstructure be operated separately. For this purpose, each apparatus is connected to an associated valve for controlling the 25 hydraulic fluid supplied.
For hvert apparat er der således en styreventil til undergruppen 12. Ventilerne, der styrer forbinde!-seselementerne og BOP1erne i brøndoverbygningen, som f, eks. ventilerne 134 og 136, kan være af lignende art 30 som den tidligere beskrevne ventil 76.Thus, for each apparatus, there is a control valve for the subgroup 12. The valves which control the connecting elements and BOPs in the well superstructure, such as valves 134 and 136, may be of a similar nature to that of valve 76 previously described.
I fig. 3 virker kammeret 24 som højtrykskammer og kammeret 22 som lavtrykskammer. Højtryksledningen 74 går over i en samleledning 138, fra hvilken individuelle grene, som 140 og 142, fører til de respektive 35 styreventiler, som 134 og 136. Lavtryks ledningen 80 går også over i et samlerør 144, som er forbundet vedIn FIG. 3, the chamber 24 acts as a high pressure chamber and the chamber 22 acts as a low pressure chamber. The high pressure conduit 74 passes into a junction 138, from which individual branches, such as 140 and 142, lead to the respective 35 control valves, such as 134 and 136. The low pressure conduit 80 also passes into a conduit 144 which is connected by
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16 individuelle afgreninger, f. eks. 146 og 148, til de respektive ventiler 134 og 135. De individuelle styreventiler er selvfølgelig forbundet med de respektive hydrauliske apparater gennem tilsvarende med hinanden for-5 bundne ledninger, såsom ledninger 150 og 152 til forbindelseselementet 130's apparat 153 og ledninger 154 og 156 fra apparatet 153.16 individual branches, e.g. 146 and 148, for the respective valves 134 and 135. The individual control valves, of course, are connected to the respective hydraulic apparatus through corresponding interconnected lines, such as lines 150 and 152 to the apparatus of the connecting element 130. 153 and wires 154 and 156 from the apparatus 153.
Det i fig. 3 viste styresystem til en boring omfatter en "kill"-ventil 158 og en udluftningsventil 10 160, der er kendt inden for denne teknik. Begge disse ventiler har hver sin styreventil i undergruppen 12, såsom 162 og 164, som er forbundet med samlerørene 138 og 144 for højtryksvæske og lavtryksvæske. De viste "kill"- og udluftningsventiler er fJederpåvirkede til 15 lukket stilling. Som følge heraf er det kun nødvendigt med en enkelt hydraulikvæskeledning til hver, som vist ved de med hinanden forbundne ledninger 166 og 168 til ventilen 158. De tilsvarende styreventiler 162 og 164 er indrettet til at bringes i en stilling, hvor der ind-20 føres hydraulikvæske under tryk i de tilsvarende ledninger til at åbne "kill"- eller udluftningsventilen eller alternativt at indstilles til at forbinde den samme tilsvarende ledning med samlerører til aflastning af trykket fra "kill"- eller udluftningsventilen og lukke 25 den, alt efter hvad ventilstillingen kræver. Enhed 170 i undergruppen 12 i fig. 3 viser en trykreduktionsventil til styring af trykket i sækketype BOP'en 118.The FIG. 3 a bore control system comprises a "kill" valve 158 and a vent valve 10 160 known in the art. Both of these valves each have their own control valve in the subgroup 12, such as 162 and 164, which are connected to the high-pressure fluid and low-pressure fluid collector tubes 138 and 144. The "kill" and vent valves shown are spring actuated to a closed position. As a result, only a single hydraulic fluid line is required for each, as shown by the interconnected lines 166 and 168 of the valve 158. The corresponding control valves 162 and 164 are arranged to be brought into a position where pressurized hydraulic fluid in the corresponding lines to open the "kill" or vent valve or alternatively to be set to connect the same corresponding line with collector pipes to relieve the pressure from the "kill" or vent valve and close it as required by the valve position . Unit 170 of subgroup 12 of FIG. 3 shows a pressure reducing valve for controlling the pressure in the bag type BOP 118.
Som beskrevet i forbindelse med fig. 1 kan alle ledninger, der forbinder undergruppen 12 og undergrup-30 pen 14, forbindes med hinanden med aftagelige forbindelseselementer, hvilket tillader, at undergrupperne kan forbindes med og skilles fra hinanden i relation til operationerne. Under arbejde i undersøiske boringer kan de aftagelige forbindelseselementer betjenes fra en 35 fjernere liggende plads, som f.eks. fra havets overflade uden at kræve dykkerhjælp. Ved dette arrangement kan al-As described in connection with FIG. 1, all wires connecting subgroup 12 and subgroup 14 can be connected to each other by removable connecting elements, allowing the subgroups to be connected to and separated from each other in relation to the operations. During work in submarine wells, the removable connecting members can be operated from a more remote location, such as the from the surface of the ocean without requiring diving assistance. By this arrangement, all
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17 le styreventilerne og komponentdelene af de hydrauliske og elektriske kredsløb, inklusive trykmåleindretningen 94, være indbygget i en kapsel 172, som vist i fig. 4. Kapslen er indrettet til at sænkes fra havoverfladen ned 5 til en kapselmodtager 174. Hver af de hydrauliske ledninger i kapslen er i forbindelse med et tilsvarende forbindelseselement, såsom 176, som passer sammen med et komplementært forbindelseselement 178 på kapselmodtageren, hvoraf sidstnævnte er i forbindelse med den 10 tilhørende hydraulikledning, som f. eks. ledningen 50 på brøndoverbygningen, som svarer til undergruppen 14.17e the control valves and component parts of the hydraulic and electrical circuits, including the pressure measuring device 94, be built into a capsule 172, as shown in FIG. 4. The capsule is adapted to be lowered from the sea surface down 5 to a capsule receiver 174. Each of the hydraulic lines of the capsule is in communication with a corresponding connector element, such as 176, which fits with a complementary connector element 178 on the capsule receiver, the latter of which is in connection to the 10 associated hydraulic line, such as line 50 on the well superstructure, corresponding to subgroup 14.
Hvor det ønskes, kan der oprettes elektrisk forbindelse mellem de to undergrupper på lignende måde. Der kan også anvendes et system af aftagelige forbindelsesele-15 menter til at forbinde ledningerne og signalledningerne mellem undergrupperne 10 og 12.Where desired, electrical connection between the two subgroups may be similarly established. A system of removable connecting elements may also be used to connect the wires and signal lines between the subgroups 10 and 12.
Forskellige ledninger, forbundet med kapselmodtageren 174 er vist skematisk i fig. 4. Ledningerne er samlet i et bundt 180 eller på anden måde anbragt or-20 dentligt på brøndoverbygningen, og de individuelle led ninger er på kendt måde ført til de hydrauliske apparater, til hvilke de hører, som skematisk vist ved ledningerne 50 og 68 til kammeret 24. Kabelbundtet 116 indeholder et trækkabel 182, ved hjælp af hvilket kapslen 25 løftes og sænkes gennem vandet.Various wires connected to the capsule receiver 174 are shown schematically in FIG. 4. The wires are assembled in a bundle 180 or otherwise arranged properly on the well superstructure, and the individual wires are known, in known manner, to the hydraulic apparatus to which they belong, as schematically shown by wires 50 and 68 to chamber 24. The cable bundle 116 contains a pulling cable 182 through which the capsule 25 is lifted and lowered through the water.
På grund af de særlige problemer, der skyldes beliggenheden på vandet, tilvejebringes der fortrinsvis dobbelte sæt af kapsler 172 og kapselmodtagere 174 samt dobbelte hydrauliske ledningsystemer 180 for at 30 give en bedre mulighed for kontinuerligt arbejde, hvis der skulle ske et uheld i et af kapselaggregaterne. Dette ekstra udstyr er kendt inden for denne teknik, og det er derfor unødvendigt at beskrive det mere detaljeret her.Due to the particular problems due to the location of the water, preferably, dual sets of capsules 172 and capsule receivers 174 as well as dual hydraulic conduit systems 180 are provided to allow for better work in case of an accident in one of the capsule assemblies. . This additional equipment is known in the art, and it is therefore unnecessary to describe it in more detail here.
35 Som beskrevet i forbindelse med ventilsn 75 i fig. 1 er hver af styreventilerne, som eksempelvis ven-35 As described in connection with valve 75 in FIG. 1, each of the control valves, which e.g.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US478185A US3921500A (en) | 1974-06-10 | 1974-06-10 | System for operating hydraulic apparatus |
| US47818574 | 1974-06-10 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK258875A DK258875A (en) | 1975-12-11 |
| DK155446B true DK155446B (en) | 1989-04-10 |
| DK155446C DK155446C (en) | 1989-10-23 |
Family
ID=23898865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK258875A DK155446C (en) | 1974-06-10 | 1975-06-09 | PLANT FOR REMOTE CONTROL OF HYDRAULIC APPLIANCES IN AN UNDERGROUND BROWN REMOVAL |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3921500A (en) |
| JP (2) | JPS518480A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1036459A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2525817A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK155446C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1503963A (en) |
| IS (1) | IS956B6 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL181040C (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS518480A (en) | 1976-01-23 |
| IS2276A7 (en) | 1975-12-11 |
| NL7506629A (en) | 1975-12-12 |
| GB1503963A (en) | 1978-03-15 |
| JPS6047901U (en) | 1985-04-04 |
| CA1036459A (en) | 1978-08-15 |
| DK258875A (en) | 1975-12-11 |
| US3921500A (en) | 1975-11-25 |
| NL181040C (en) | 1987-06-01 |
| JPH0134961Y2 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
| DK155446C (en) | 1989-10-23 |
| NL181040B (en) | 1987-01-02 |
| DE2525817C2 (en) | 1987-06-25 |
| DE2525817A1 (en) | 1976-01-02 |
| IS956B6 (en) | 1977-01-28 |
| AU8185175A (en) | 1976-12-09 |
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