DK153804B - UNDERWATER FOR PILLOW DRIVE - Google Patents

UNDERWATER FOR PILLOW DRIVE Download PDF

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Publication number
DK153804B
DK153804B DK202786A DK202786A DK153804B DK 153804 B DK153804 B DK 153804B DK 202786 A DK202786 A DK 202786A DK 202786 A DK202786 A DK 202786A DK 153804 B DK153804 B DK 153804B
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
frame
pilot
desired angle
elements
piles
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DK202786A
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Danish (da)
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DK202786A (en
DK153804C (en
DK202786D0 (en
Inventor
Sture Kahlman
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Kahlman Innovation Ab
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Publication of DK202786A publication Critical patent/DK202786A/en
Publication of DK202786D0 publication Critical patent/DK202786D0/en
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Publication of DK153804C publication Critical patent/DK153804C/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/06—Constructions, or methods of constructing, in water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Description

Opfindelsen vedrører et undervandsapparat til neddrivning af pæle, omfattende en ramme, der kan forankres til havbunden, og midler til frembringelse af huller i bunden og til neddrivning af piloteringselementer eller elementer til andre formål i hullerne, hvor midlerne er monteret således på rammen, at de kan rotere i forhold til denne.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to an underwater device for driving piles, comprising a frame which can be anchored to the seabed, and means for generating holes in the bottom and for driving pilots or other objects in the holes, where the means are mounted on the frame so that can rotate relative to this one.

I US patentskrift nr. 4.181.455 beskrives et undervandsapparat bestemt til neddrivning af et pæleformet element i havbunden, hvilket element f.eks. kan være bestemt til fortøjning. Det beskrevne apparat er imidlertid kompliceret, både hvad angår opbygning og anvendelse, og det er f.eks. ikke muligt at frembringe skrå huller for pæle eller andre elementer, som man ønsker at fastgøre til havbunden.U.S. Patent No. 4,181,455 discloses an underwater apparatus intended for driving a pile-shaped element into the seabed. may be intended for mooring. However, the apparatus described is complicated, both in terms of design and use, and it is e.g. it is not possible to create oblique holes for piles or other elements that one wishes to attach to the seabed.

Formålet med opfindelsen er at tilvejebringe et apparat af den ovenfor angivne art, som kan overvinde nævnte ulemper.The object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the kind set forth above which can overcome said disadvantages.

Dette formål nås ifølge opfindelsen ved et undervandsapparat, som er ejendommeligt ved, at midlerne kan svinges til en ønsket vinkel i forhold til en lodlinie om en akse, der strækker sig langs bunden, og at forankringsmidlerne udgøres af skrueformede forankringer, der kan skrues ned i bunden, og som ved hjælp af drivenheder på rammen kan skrues ned i bunden i en ønsket vinkel.This object is achieved according to the invention by an underwater apparatus, characterized in that the means can be pivoted to a desired angle with respect to a vertical about an axis extending along the bottom, and that the anchoring means are screw-shaped anchors which can be screwed down bottom and which can be screwed down into the bottom at a desired angle by means of drive units on the frame.

Herved opnås, at man samtidig i en operation kan frembringe huller i bunden og neddrive elementerne i bunden ved at bore skrueelementerne ned i bunden i en ønsket vinkel i forhold til en lodlinie, efter at midlerne er drejet, og efter at de skrueformede piloteringselementer er indstillet i den ønskede vinkel.Hereby it is obtained that at the same time in an operation one can create holes in the bottom and drive the elements in the bottom by drilling the screw elements into the bottom at a desired angle to a vertical, after the means have been turned and after the helical pilot elements have been adjusted at the desired angle.

Apparatet har den yderligere fordel at forankringsmidlerne, ved neddrivning f.eks. af en skråtstil-let fortøjningspæl, kan nedskrues i havbunden i sådanne vinkler, at de kompenserer bedst muligt for den skæve belastning, der opstår på apparatet under neddrivningen.The apparatus has the additional advantage of the anchoring means, when driven down e.g. of an inclined mooring pole, can be lowered into the seabed at such angles as to compensate as best as possible for the oblique load imposed on the apparatus during the drift.

I en foretrukket udførelsesform er forankringsmidlerne placeret på ben, der er fastgjort på rammen og strækker sig bort fra midlerne til nedskruning af pæle.In a preferred embodiment, the anchoring means are located on legs secured to the frame and extending away from the means for screwing down piles.

Det opnås herved at de områder af havbunden i hvilke pæleelementerne neddrives er uforstyrrede af nedskruningen af forankringsmidlerne, selv når pæleelementerne danner en væsentlig vinkel med en lodlinie.It is hereby achieved that the areas of the seabed in which the pile elements are driven are undisturbed by the downsizing of the anchoring means, even when the pile elements form a substantial angle with a vertical line.

Opfindelsen vil nu blive forklaret ved hjælp af nogle udførelsesformer og med henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 viser apparatet ifølge opfindelsen set fra siden, fig. 2 viser apparatet i fig. 1 set fra oven, fig. 2A et billede af et snit langs linien A-A i fig. 2, fig. 2B et billede af et snit langs linien B-B i fig. 2, fig. 3 en anvendelse af opfindelsen i forbindelse med forankring af en bevægelig platform, fig. 3A et billede af piloteringsarrangementet for forankringssystemet i fig. 3 set fra oven, fig. 4 en illustration af et rør, der er forankret til havbunden, og fig. 5 en illustration af forankringen af en fundamentplade.The invention will now be explained by means of some embodiments and with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a side view of the apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows the apparatus of FIG. 1, FIG. 2A is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2, FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 shows an application of the invention in connection with anchoring a movable platform; FIG. 3A is a view of the pilot arrangement of the anchoring system of FIG. 3 from above; FIG. 4 is an illustration of a pipe anchored to the seabed; and FIG. 5 is an illustration of the anchorage of a base plate.

Undervandsapparatet 1 ifølge opfindelsen omfatter en ramme 2 og midler 3 indrettet til frembringelse af huller 4 i havbunden 5, i hvilken der kan neddrives pæleelementer 6 til pilotering f.eks. for forstærkning af havbunden i forbindelse med støbning under vandet af brofundamenter 7, søjler for kajer etc. og/eller for forankring af genstande såsom bevægelige platforme 8, anløbsbroer, bøjer og fyrtårne eller for rør 9, som skal forankres til bunden under vandoverfladen 10 neddykket i vandet 11, og for samtidig neddrivning af elementerne 6 i bunden 5 i en enkelt operation.The subsea apparatus 1 according to the invention comprises a frame 2 and means 3 arranged to create holes 4 in the seabed 5 in which pile elements 6 can be driven for piloting, for example. for reinforcing the seabed in connection with underwater casting of bridge foundations 7, columns for quays etc. and / or for anchoring objects such as moving platforms 8, jetties, buoys and lighthouses or for pipes 9 to be anchored to the bottom below the water surface 10 submerged in the water 11, and for simultaneous flooding of the elements 6 in the bottom 5 in a single operation.

Midlerne 3 består af en øvre enhed fastgjort til rammen 2 med et kardanled 12 eller på anden egnet måde, som tillader, at midlerne 3 kan drejes til en ønsket vinkel i forhold til en lodlinie 13 og i forhold til en ønsket kompasretning omkring en eventuel akse 12A, der strækker sig langs bunden 5.The means 3 consist of an upper unit attached to the frame 2 with a universal joint 12 or in another suitable manner, which allows the means 3 to be rotated to a desired angle with respect to a vertical line 13 and relative to a desired compass direction around an optional axis. 12A extending along the bottom 5.

Elementerne 6, der neddrives af apparatet 1 består af skrueformede pæleelememter, som i det mindste over en del af deres længde har en skruelinieformet finne 6A eller en tilsvarende komponent, der springer ud til siden fra kernen 6B, og ved hjælp af hvilken det er muligt at frembringe egnede huller 4 i bunden 5. Pæleelementerne kan hensigtsmæssigt være indrettet således, at de kan forbindes med hinanden i længderetningen under vandoverfladen ved fjernstyring via f.eks. et kamera og/eller af dykkere i vandet 11. Apparatets andre funktioner kan også styres på nævnte måde.The elements 6 driven by the apparatus 1 consist of helical pile members having at least a portion of their length a helical fin 6A or a corresponding component projecting laterally from the core 6B and by means of which it is possible to provide suitable holes 4 at the bottom 5. The pile elements may conveniently be arranged such that they can be connected longitudinally below the water surface by remote control via e.g. a camera and / or of divers in the water 11. The other functions of the apparatus can also be controlled in the said manner.

Et fortrinsvis ringformet magasin 14 indeholder flere pæleelementer 6 langs periferien og udgør hensigtsmæssigt en del af nævnte øvre enhed.A preferably annular magazine 14 contains several pile members 6 along the periphery and suitably forms part of said upper unit.

Den øvre enhed består af midler 15 til nedskru-ning af pæle, hvilke midler bevæger sig lodret op og over hele enhedens højde, og fortrinsvis drives hydraulisk. Midlerne 15 bæres af en arm 16 eller af andre understøttende dele, som springer ud til siden fra en midterakse 17, og som kan drejes om aksen 17 langs opbevaringsrummet 14A i magasinet 14, hvilken akse også kan tjene som lodlinie og som svingakse. Det er således muligt at dreje midlerne 15 om aksen 17, og at et ønsket element 6 kan drives ned i bunden 5 i en ønsket vinkel.The upper unit consists of pile screw down means 15, which move vertically up and over the entire unit height, and preferably are hydraulically driven. The means 15 are carried by an arm 16 or by other supporting parts which extend laterally from a center axis 17 and which can be rotated about the axis 17 along the storage space 14A in the magazine 14, which axis can also serve as a vertical axis and as a pivot axis. Thus, it is possible to rotate the means 15 about the axis 17 and that a desired element 6 can be driven down to the bottom 5 at a desired angle.

Rammen 2 har flere ben 18, der strækker sig i retning bort fra midlerne 3 til nedskruning af pæle, og benene er fortrinsvis jævnt fordelt langs periferien af midlerne 3, og strækker sig lige langt ud til siden fra den øvre enhed 3.The frame 2 has a plurality of legs 18 extending in a direction away from the pile-down means 3, and the legs are preferably evenly spaced along the periphery of the means 3, and extend just far to the side from the upper unit 3.

Ved benene 18's ender 18A er der styrbare drivenheder, ved hjælp af hvilke de skrueformede forankringsmidler 19 kan skrues ned i bunden 5 i en ønsket vinkel X i forhold til bunden, så det muliggør en påfølgende nøjagtig installation af pæleelementer 6 i den ønskede vinkel i forhold til en kompasretning og til en lodlinie 13. Denne forankring er bestemt til at ske automatisk. Det i fig. 2A viste forankringsmiddel 19, der er placeret længst fremme i apparatets bevægelsesretning, nedskrues hensigtsmæssigt først. Forankrings-midlet 19 er indrettet, så det er i stand til at kunne bevæges langs bunden 5 i forhold til rammen 2 fortrinsvis i bevægelsesretningen indikeret med pile i fig. 2A, hvorved dette første middel 19, når det er blevet skruet ned i bunden, vil kunne "give sig" i forbindelse med den påfølgende nedskruning af de resterende forankringsmidler 19, af hvilke der er et for hvert af de resterende ben, hvilket vil sige, at det kan bevæge sig i forhold til rammen 2, så det tillader neddrivningen af de øvrige elementer i en ønsket vinkel X.At the ends 18A of the legs 18, there are controllable drive units by means of which the helical anchoring means 19 can be screwed down to the bottom 5 at a desired angle X relative to the bottom, enabling a subsequent accurate installation of pile members 6 at the desired angle in relation to the bottom. to a compass direction and to a vertical line 13. This anchorage is intended to happen automatically. The FIG. 2A, which is located furthest forward in the direction of movement of the apparatus, is conveniently downscrewed first. The anchoring means 19 is arranged so that it is able to move along the bottom 5 with respect to the frame 2, preferably in the direction of movement indicated by arrows in FIG. 2A, whereby this first means 19, when screwed down at the bottom, will be able to "give in" in connection with the subsequent downswing of the remaining anchoring means 19, of which there is one for each of the remaining legs, i.e. that it can move relative to the frame 2 to allow the drift of the other elements at a desired angle X.

Rammen 2 har fremdrivningsmidler 20, f.eks. larvefodsbånd eller lignende, der kan samvirke med bunden 5, så apparatet kan bevæge sig til et ønsket sted på bunden.The frame 2 has propulsion means 20, e.g. caterpillar footbands or the like, which can cooperate with the bottom 5 so that the apparatus can move to a desired location on the bottom.

En wire 21 eller et lignende løftemiddel, som kan fastgøres til et fartøj på vandoverfladen 10, kan fastgøres til apparatet l, så det kan løftes op fra og sænkes ned på den ønskede position på bunden 5, hvor der skal foretages pilotering.A wire 21 or similar lifting means which can be attached to a vessel on the water surface 10 can be attached to the apparatus 1 so that it can be lifted up from and lowered to the desired position on the bottom 5 where piloting is to be carried out.

Apparatet og dets forskellige funktioner kan drives hydraulisk, hvorved drivmidlerne såsom hydraulikenheden og styreventilen placeres i apparatets øvre enhed 3. Apparatet 1 kan f.eks. drives med elektricitet tilført enten via et kabel fra et fartøj eller fra apparatets egne batterier.The apparatus and its various functions can be hydraulically operated, whereby the propellants such as the hydraulic unit and the control valve are placed in the upper unit of the apparatus 3. The apparatus 1 can e.g. is powered by electricity either via a cable from a vessel or from the device's own batteries.

Apparatet 1 er i stand til uanset arten af bunden at neddrive såkaldte skruepæle 6 i bunden 5 i enThe apparatus 1 is capable of driving so-called screw piles 6 in the bottom 5 in whatever

Claims (8)

1. Undervandsapparat (1) til neddrivning af pæle omfattende en ramme (2), der kan forankres til havbunden (5) , og midler (3) til frembringelse af huller (4) i bunden (5) og til neddrivning af piloteringselementer (6) eller elementer til andre formål i hullerne (4), hvor midlerne (3) er monteret således på rammen (2), at de kan rotere i forhold til denne, kendetegnet ved, at midlerne (3) kan svinges til en ønsket vinkel i forhold til en lodlinie (13) om en akse (12A), der strækker sig langs bunden (5), og at forankringsmidlerne udgøres af skrueformede forankringer (19), der kan skrues ned i bunden (5), og som ved hjælp af drivenheder på rammen (2) kan skrues ned i bunden (5) i en ønsket vinkel (X).An underwater apparatus (1) for driving piles comprising a frame (2) which can be anchored to the seabed (5) and means (3) for producing holes (4) at the bottom (5) and for driving pilot elements (6) ) or elements for other purposes in the holes (4), wherein the means (3) are mounted on the frame (2) so that they can rotate relative thereto, characterized in that the means (3) can be pivoted to a desired angle at relative to a vertical line (13) about an axis (12A) extending along the bottom (5) and the anchoring means being helical anchors (19) which can be screwed down into the bottom (5) and which by means of drive units on the frame (2) can be screwed down into the bottom (5) at a desired angle (X). 2. Apparat ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at hvert piloteringselement (6) i det mindste skrues ned i bunden (5) i en ønsket vinkel og i forhold til en valgt kompasretning.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each pilot element (6) is at least screwed down to the bottom (5) at a desired angle and relative to a selected compass direction. 3. Apparat ifølge ethvert af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at midlerne (3) til ned drivning af piloteringselementerne omfatter en øvre enhed monteret på rammen (2) via et kardanled (12).Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (3) for driving down the pilot elements comprise an upper unit mounted on the frame (2) via a universal joint (12). 4. Apparat ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at den øvre enhed danner et magasin (4) indrettet til at indeholde de skrueformede piloteringselementer (6) indrettede til at blive forbundet med hinanden og til at frembringe deres egne huller i bunden, hvilket magasin fortrinsvis er ringformet.Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper unit forms a magazine (4) arranged to contain the helical pilot elements (6) arranged to be connected to each other and to produce their own holes in the bottom, which magazine preferably is annular. 5. Apparat ifølge krav 4, kendetegnet ved, at den øvre enhed indeholder midler (15) til ned-skruning af pæle, hvilke midler bevæger sig lodret op og ned i hele enhedens højde, og at midlerne fortrinsvis er hydraulisk drevne.Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper unit contains means (15) for screwing down piles, which move vertically up and down throughout the height of the unit, and that the means are preferably hydraulically driven. 6. Apparat ifølge krav 5, kendetegnet ved, at midlerne (15) til nedskruning af pælene bæres af en arm (16), der om en midterakse (17) kan drejes langs et ringformet rum (14A) i magasinet (14), hvilket rum (14A) indeholder piloteringsenhederne (6).Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the means (15) for screwing down the poles are carried by an arm (16) which can be rotated about a central axis (17) along an annular space (14A) in the magazine (14), which compartment (14A) contains the pilot units (6). 7. Apparat ifølge ethvert af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at forankringsmidlerne (19) er placeret på ben (18), der er fastgjort på rammen (2) og strækker sig bort fra midlerne (3) til nedskruning af pælene (6).Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring means (19) are located on legs (18) fixed to the frame (2) and extend away from the means (3) for screwing down the posts (6). . 8. Apparat ifølge krav 7, kendetegnet ved, at benene (18) er jævnt fordelt langs periferien af midlerne (3) til nedskruning af pælene (6) og strækker sig stort set lige langt ud til siden fra nævnte midler (3).Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the legs (18) are evenly distributed along the periphery of the means (3) for downwardly adjusting the piles (6) and extend substantially straight outwards from said means (3).
DK202786A 1984-09-05 1986-05-02 UNDERWATER FOR PILLOW DRIVE DK153804C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8404431A SE444698B (en) 1984-09-05 1984-09-05 SUBMARIN ELEMENT DRIVE DEVICE
SE8404431 1984-09-05
PCT/SE1985/000329 WO1986001556A1 (en) 1984-09-05 1985-09-03 Submarine element driving means
SE8500329 1985-09-03

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK202786A DK202786A (en) 1986-05-02
DK202786D0 DK202786D0 (en) 1986-05-02
DK153804B true DK153804B (en) 1988-09-05
DK153804C DK153804C (en) 1989-01-09

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ID=20356913

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK202786A DK153804C (en) 1984-09-05 1986-05-02 UNDERWATER FOR PILLOW DRIVE

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0225324B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62500183A (en)
AU (1) AU4803085A (en)
DE (1) DE3575316D1 (en)
DK (1) DK153804C (en)
NO (1) NO861765L (en)
SE (1) SE444698B (en)
WO (1) WO1986001556A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO323508B1 (en) * 2005-07-05 2007-05-29 Seabed Rig As Drilling rig located on the seabed and equipped for drilling of oil and gas wells
NO336821B1 (en) * 2007-02-14 2015-11-09 Robotic Drilling Systems As Method and apparatus for building a drilling rig on the seabed
GB0905663D0 (en) * 2009-04-01 2009-05-13 Marine Current Turbines Ltd Methods of and apparatus for the installation of columns/piles
WO2011030167A1 (en) 2009-09-14 2011-03-17 Blade Offshore Services Ltd Method, apparatus and system for attaching an anchor member to a floor of a body of water
GB2477300A (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-03 Cementation Skanska Ltd Auger storage and transport stand
WO2013140421A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Hafbor Ehf. A seabed anchoring device
GB2525147B (en) * 2014-01-27 2020-09-09 Mmi Engineering Ltd Pile insertion
RU2580398C1 (en) * 2015-05-15 2016-04-10 Лев Петрович Петренко Method of holding underwater drilling systems above bottom surface of seas and oceans (russian logic - version 2)
GB2610226B (en) * 2021-08-31 2024-10-23 Reflex Marine Ltd Drilled anchor pile
NL2029259B1 (en) * 2021-09-27 2023-03-31 Heerema Marine Contractors Nl Helical pile template

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3427812A (en) * 1966-07-13 1969-02-18 Chance Co Ab Method and apparatus for anchoring offshore pipelines
US3741320A (en) * 1971-07-12 1973-06-26 Atlas Copco Ab Subsea drilling assembly
US4181455A (en) * 1978-05-17 1980-01-01 Tad Stanwick Apparatus for generating rotary power in a deep-sea environment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK202786A (en) 1986-05-02
SE8404431L (en) 1986-03-06
EP0225324B1 (en) 1990-01-10
SE8404431D0 (en) 1984-09-05
DK153804C (en) 1989-01-09
JPS62500183A (en) 1987-01-22
DE3575316D1 (en) 1990-02-15
NO861765L (en) 1986-05-02
WO1986001556A1 (en) 1986-03-13
AU4803085A (en) 1986-03-24
DK202786D0 (en) 1986-05-02
SE444698B (en) 1986-04-28
EP0225324A1 (en) 1987-06-16

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