DK151784B

DK151784B - RUBBER SPRING BRAKE WHEEL

Info

Publication number: DK151784B
Application number: DK406082A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Kurt-Horst Weber; Rolf Rittinghaus
Original assignee: Kloeckner Werke Ag
Priority date: 1981-09-12
Filing date: 1982-09-10
Publication date: 1988-01-04
Also published as: DK151784C; CH659217A5; ATA335782A; AT382117B; NL8203125A; DE3136275C1; DK406082A

Description

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Opfindelsen angår et gummiaffjedret skinnehjul af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a rubber-sprung rail wheel of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Gummiaffjedrende skinnehjul har allerede været kendt 5 gennem længere tid, jf. DE-PS 1.206.006, US-PS 3.127.211, FR-PS 750.892 og FR-PS 736.170.Rubber suspension rails have already been known for a long time, cf. DE-PS 1,206,006, US-PS 3,127,211, FR-PS 750,892 and FR-PS 736,170.

I forhold til de sædvanlige skinnehjul, der er udformet i ét stykke, er sådanne gummiaffjedrede skinnehjul forholdsvis støjsvage. I bratte kurver og under ekstrene 10 vejrforhold er det imidlertid ikke muligt at undgå, at hjulene hyler eller hviner på skinnerne.Compared to the usual one-piece rails, such rubber-sprung rails are relatively quiet. In steep curves and under extreme weather conditions, however, it is not possible to avoid the wheels howling or whining on the rails.

Ved gummiaffjedrede skinnehjul af den indledningsvis angivne art er det allerede kendt, jf. DE-PS 2.708.411, at søge denne mangel afhjulpet ved at udforme 15 lydabsorptionsorganer som et lag, der dækker i det mindste den ene side af hjulskiven, og som består af svingningsdæmmpende materialer, og hvis lagtykkelse varierer bølgeformet i omkredsretningen.In the case of rubber-sprung guide wheels of the type mentioned initially, it is already known, according to DE-PS 2.708.411, to seek this defect remedied by designing 15 sound absorption means as a layer covering at least one side of the wheel disk and comprising of vibration-damping materials and whose layer thickness varies in the circumferential direction.

Der kendes støjdæmpede skinnehjul, som ikke er 20 gummiaffjedret, jf. DE-PS 833.362, med mindst ét ringformet lydabsorptionsorgan, der er fastgjort til skinnehjulet (udformet i ét stykke) og består af indbyrdes aksialt anbragte elementer, som skiftevis består af metal og dæmpningsmateriale. Elementerne er udformet som 25 ringskiver, som yderligere også kan være opdelt i omkredsretningen. De er således anbragt og udformet, at de dels kan udføre relative bevægelser i forhold til hjulet under påvirkning af hjulets svingninger, dels, at der muliggøres en yderligere fladefriktion mellem de enkelte 30 elementer. Tillige kan de enkelte ringskivers anlægsflader være overtrukket med en hinde af smøremiddellignende materiale med stor sejhed, så at der på denne mådeNoise-damping rail wheels are known which are not 20 rubber-sprung, cf. DE-PS 833.362, with at least one annular sound absorption means, which are fixed to the rail wheel (formed in one piece) and consist of mutually axially arranged elements, which consist alternately of metal and damping material. . The elements are formed as 25 washers, which can furthermore also be divided in the circumferential direction. They are arranged and designed so that they can perform relative movements relative to the wheel under the influence of the oscillations of the wheel and partly to allow further surface friction between the individual elements. Also, the contact surfaces of the individual annular discs may be coated with a film of lubricant-like material with great toughness, so that in this way

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2 j dannes yderligere dæmpende mellemlag.2 j, further attenuating intermediate layers are formed.

Endvidere kendes der ringformede dæmpningsorganer for skinnehjul (udformet i ét stykke), jf Seminar Umwelt, 5 Spurgefdhrter Fernverkehr, Rad/Schiene-Technik Berichte,In addition, annular damping members for rail wheels (designed in one piece) are known, cf. Seminar Umwelt, 5 Spurgefdhrter Fernverkehr, Rad / Schiene-Technik Berichte,

Kassel, oktober 1979, der består af i aksialretningen indbyrdes ordnede ringe af metal og formstof. Udformningen er en sådan, at metalringene uden indbyrdes berøring er anbragt mellem formstofringene.Kassel, October 1979, consisting of axially arranged rings of metal and plastic. The design is such that the metal rings are disposed between the plastic rings without mutual contact.

10 Der kendes også skinnehjul, jf. Technische Mitteilungen Krupp, Werksberichte, bind 37 (1979), hæfte 3, side 101 ff, hvis lydabsorptionsorganer består af kamformede elementer af metal, idet der er indlagt formstofmateriale i mellemrummene. Sådanne lydabsorptionsorganer fastgøres 15 på hjulringene på hjul, der er udformet i ét stykke.10 Rails wheels are also known, cf. Technische Mitteilungen Krupp, Werksberichte, Vol. 37 (1979), booklet 3, page 101 et seq., Whose sound absorption means consist of comb-shaped elements of metal, with plastic material being inserted in the spaces. Such sound absorption means are attached 15 to the wheel rings on one-piece wheels.

Det er opfindelsens formål at anvise udformningen af gummiaffjedrede skinnehjul af den indledningsvis angivne art på en sådan måde, at der opnås en så bredbåndet støjdæmpning som mulig i støjspektrets frekvensområde, og 20 dette formål opnås ved et skinnehjul, der ifølge opfindelsen er udformet som angivet i krav l’s kendetegnende del.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide the design of rubber-sprung rails of the type initially specified in such a way as to achieve as wide-band noise attenuation as possible in the frequency spectrum of the noise spectrum, and this object is achieved by a rails wheel according to the invention embodied in The characteristic part of claim 1.

Den radiale forspænding kan f.eks. fremkomme ved, at den frie radiale højde mellem de med hinanden vendende 25 overflader på hjulringen og fælgen formindskes ved fastspændingen af fælgringen, hvorved gummilegemerne sammenpresses - dvs. forspændes - i radialretningen. Forspændingen overføres dermed også til absorptionslegemerne.The radial bias can e.g. The free radial height between the facing surfaces of the wheel ring and the rim is reduced by the clamping of the rim ring, thereby compressing the rubber bodies - ie. biased - in the radial direction. The bias is thus also transferred to the absorption bodies.

30 Herved opnås på overraskende måde en bredbåndet støjdæmpning, så at det, hvad der var helt uventet, ikke bliver nødvendigt at træffe særskilte forholdsregler for30 Surprisingly, a broadband noise reduction is achieved so that what was totally unexpected does not need to be taken separately.

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3 de enkelte frekvensområder. I begge tilfælde opnås, at den sædvanlige støj, der optræder ved gummiaffjedrede skinnehjul, dæmpes endnu mere, og samtidig forhindres det, 5 at hjulene hyler eller hviner på skinnerne, således som det især kan ske ved kørsel i kurver. En sådan virkning er fuldstændig overraskende, og især opnås der ved den i krav 3 angivne udførelsesform en ekstremt stærk dæmpning af skinnehvinene.3 the individual frequency ranges. In both cases, the usual noise occurring at rubber-sprung rails is achieved even more, and at the same time, the wheels are prevented from howling or whining on the rails, as can be done especially in curves. Such an effect is totally surprising, and in particular, in the embodiment of claim 3, an extremely strong damping of the rails is obtained.

10 Opfindelsen skal i det følgende forklares nærmere under henvisning til de på tegningen viste udførelseseksempler, idet fig. 1 er et aksialsnit gennem et første udførelses-eksempel, 15 fig. 2 er et snit gennem det i fig. 1 viste udførelseseksempel, set i aksialretningen, fig. 3 viser et andet udførelseseksempel på lignende måde som fig. 1, og fig. 4 viser en ændret udformning af de to udførelses-20 eksempler, vist som i fig. 1.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing, in which 1 is an axial section through a first embodiment; FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the one shown in FIG. 1 in the axial direction, FIG. 3 shows another exemplary embodiment similar to FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 shows a modified design of the two embodiments, as shown in FIG. First

I fig. 1 er hjulringen betegnet med 1 og hjulskiven med 2, idet hjulskiven løber ud i hjulfælgens ene gren 3. Hjulfælgens anden gren dannes af grenen 4 på en fælgring 5, som med en rundtgående skulder 6 ligger an mod en 25 konisk anlægsflade 7 på hjulskiven 2. Et antal fjedrende gummilegemer 8 er anbragt i to kredse mellem hjulskiven og hjulringen. Til dette formål er der i hjulringen udformet en rundtgående udsparing, der som en dobbelt konus hælder udad imod endefladerne, idet de to kegleflader er adskilt 30 fra hinanden ved et rundtgående fremspring 9. På grund af de rundtgående fremspring 9 er der et mellemrum mellem de to ringlegemer. Ydermere er gummilegemerne tilhørende hver kreds på ikke vist måde anbragt med indbyrdes mellemrum, så at gummimaterialet ved belastninger kan deformeres ind 35 i disse mellemrum.In FIG. 1, the wheel ring is designated 1 and the wheel washer 2, the wheel washer extends into one branch of the wheel rim 3. The second branch of the wheel rim is formed by the branch 4 on a rim ring 5 which, with a circumferential shoulder 6, abuts a conical abutment surface 7 on the wheel wheel 2. A plurality of resilient rubber bodies 8 are arranged in two circles between the wheel washer and the wheel ring. For this purpose, a circular recess is formed in the wheel ring which, as a double cone, slopes outwardly towards the end faces, the two cone faces being separated from each other by a circular projection 9. Because of the circumferential projections 9, there is a gap between the two rings. Furthermore, the rubber bodies of each circuit are not spaced apart in such a way that the rubber material can be deformed at these loads at loads.

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I hjulringen 1 er der yderligere udformet to noter 11 og 12, der overspændes af gummi legemerne 8, og hvori lydabsorptionsorganerne 13 er anbragt. De i fig. 1 viste 5 absorptionselementer består af i ringform bøjede materialestrimler 14 og 15 af henholdsvis metal og formstof, der er anbragt indbyrdes koncentrisk, idet metalelementerne 14 har en mindre bredde end formstofelementerne 15 og overspændes af disse, så at 10 dannelsen af en akustisk kortslutning mellem disse metalelementer og hjulringen er undgået.In the wheel ring 1 there are further formed two grooves 11 and 12 which are over-tensioned by the rubber bodies 8 and in which the sound absorption means 13 are arranged. The 1, the absorbent elements shown in Fig. 1 consist of annularly curved material strips 14 and 15 of concentric metal and resin, respectively, the metal elements 14 having a smaller width than the plastic elements 15 and being spanned by them, so that the formation of an acoustic short circuit between them metal elements and the wheel ring are avoided.

Fig. 2 viser et snit svarende til den i fig. 1 viste snitlinje. Af dette snit vil det kunne ses, at absorptionselementerne bstår af indbyrdes koncentrisk 15 anbragte ringe, der er indlagt i de rundtgående noter 11 og 12 og har en sådan tykkelse, at de vil presses ind i noterne af de enkelte ringes i kreds anbragte gummilegemer, så at de står under for spænding. Det har overraskende vist sig, at de indbyrdes forskellige for-20 spændinger i lydabsorptionsorganets enkelte områder medfører en betydelig forbedring af navnlig den bredbåndede dæmpning ved et skinnehjul ifølge opfindelsen. Ved den foranstaltning, at gummilegemerne i hver enkelt ring er anbragt med mellemrum i en kreds i omkredsretningen, 25 udøves der, set i omkredsretningen, ud for gummilegemerne en forspænding på absorptionselementerne, medens der i områder milem gummilegemerne i hovedsagen ikke findes nogen sådan forspænding. På denne måde bliver hjulringen opdelt i enkelte akustisk koblede områder, hvori 30 dæmpningsorganerne står under høj forspænding henholdsvis under lav forspænding, så at det med en første tilnærmelse er undgået, at hjulringen svinger som en enhed.FIG. 2 shows a section similar to that of FIG. 1. From this section, it will be seen that the absorption elements consist of mutually concentric rings arranged in the circumferential grooves 11 and 12 and of such thickness that they will be pressed into the grooves of the individual rings in circular rubber bodies. so that they are under tension. Surprisingly, it has been found that the mutually different voltages in the individual areas of the sound absorption means result in a significant improvement in particular the broadband attenuation of a rail wheel according to the invention. By the measure that the rubber bodies in each ring are spaced apart in a circumferential direction, seen, in the circumferential direction, a bias is applied to the absorption elements, while in the regions between the rubber bodies there is generally no such bias. In this way, the wheel ring is divided into individual acoustically coupled areas, in which the damping means are under high bias or under low bias, respectively, so that with a first approximation the wheel ring oscillates as a unit.

Fig. 3 illustrerer et andet princip ved hjælp af et til fig. 2 svarende snit. I dette tilfælde består lydab-35 sorptionsorganerne af ringsektorformede stykker 16 og 17FIG. 3 illustrates another principle with the aid of a FIG. 2 corresponding sections. In this case, the sound absorption means consist of ring-shaped pieces 16 and 17

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5 af henholdsvis metal og formstofmateriale, der som vist i tværsnittet i fig. 1 er anbragt skiftevis i radialretningen, idet metalelementerne har en mindre bredde end 5 formstofelementerne, så at en akustisk kortslutning mellem disse metalelementer og den hårde hjulring er undgået.5 of metal and plastic material respectively, which as shown in the cross-section of FIG. 1 is arranged alternately in the radial direction, the metal elements having a smaller width than the plastic elements, so that an acoustic short circuit between these metal elements and the hard wheel ring is avoided.

De i fig. 3 viste elementer kan f.eks. indsættes i de rundtgående noter 11 og 12 i den i fig. 1 viste hjulring 1, men i stedet for de rundtgående noter kan der i 10 hjulringen også være udformet særskilte udsparinger 18 som vist i fig. 3, hvilke udsparinger er anbragt i omkredsretningen svarende til forløbet af de rundtgående noter, og hvori lydabsorptionsorganerne er indsat.The 3, e.g. inserted into the circumferential grooves 11 and 12 of the FIG. 1, but instead of the circumferential grooves, separate recesses 18 as shown in FIG. 3, which recesses are arranged in the circumferential direction corresponding to the course of the circular notes and in which the sound absorption means are inserted.

I så fald kan metal- henholdsvis formstofelementerne 15 udvise en større tykkelse områdevis, f.eks. med en større tykkelse ved enderne end ved midten, så at der også i disse områder udøves et maksimalt tryk fra gummilegemerne, der ligger an mod absorptionselementerne. Det har vist sig, at der herved ligeledes opnås særligt gode dæmpnings-20 egenskaber fr det samlede skinnehjul. Akustisk set medfører disse foranstaltninger, at hjulringen opdeles i enkelte indbyrdes koblede områder med indbyrdes forskellig dæmpning, så at det herved undgås, at hjulringen svinger som en enhed.In that case, the metal and plastic elements 15, respectively, may exhibit a greater thickness in area, e.g. with a greater thickness at the ends than at the center, so that, in these areas, too, a maximum pressure is exerted from the rubber bodies abutting the absorption elements. It has also been found that particularly good damping properties are obtained for the overall rail wheel. Acoustically, these measures cause the wheel ring to be divided into individual interconnected areas of mutually different damping, thereby preventing the wheel ring from swinging as a unit.

25 I fig. 1 er de to rundtgående udsparinger, hvori lydabsorptionsorganerne er indsat, udformet i hjulringen.In FIG. 1, the two circular recesses in which the sound absorption means are inserted are formed in the wheel ring.

I stedet herfor kan de rundtgående noter eller de særskilte udsparinger være udformet i hjulskiven. Dette er især muligt i de tilfælde, hvor hjulskiven til forskel fra 30 det i fig. 1 viste er udformet i ét stykke, hvad der især er muligt, når både hjulringen og hjulskiven udviser en rundtgående udsparing med skuldre ved siderne, og gummilegemerne er anbragt i de mod hinanden vendende udsparinger og overgribes ved siderne af skuldrene påInstead, the circular notes or the separate recesses may be formed in the wheel washer. This is especially possible in cases where the wheel disc, unlike the one shown in FIG. 1 is made in one piece, which is especially possible when both the wheel ring and the wheel disc exhibit a circumferential recess with shoulders at the sides, and the rubber bodies are arranged in the opposite recesses and are gripped at the sides of the shoulders by

Claims

FIG. 4 shows a change in FIG. 1 and 2, respectively, 3 western embodiments. A metal ring 20 is inserted between the rubber bodies and the sound absorption means which extends across the groove and the recesses in the width of the rubber bodies. 10 PATENT REQUIREMENTS.

A rubber-sprung rail wheel comprising rubber bodies (8) arranged in at least one ring between the wheel ring (1) and the wheel washer (2), and at least one sound absorption means (13), characterized in that in the wheel ring (1) and / or in the wheel washer (2), at least one of the rubber bodies (8) is designed to have a recessed recess (11,12; 18) in which the sound absorption means (13; 16,17) are arranged in such a way that they are under radial prestressing of the rubber bodies. .

Rail wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that each recess is a circular groove (11,12).

Rail wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses are made up of recesses (18) distributed in one or more groups in the circumferential direction.

Rail wheels according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sound absorption means comprise elements which follow one another in the radial direction and which alternately consist of metal and plastic material, and that the sound absorption means have in the circumferential direction about 30 different radial thicknesses, which is distributed in such a way that a predetermined bias is obtained. DK 151784 B

Rail wheel according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a metal ring (20) extending over the recesses is arranged between the sound absorption means and the rubber bodies.