DK151528B - SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENTS WITH HEATED EGGS - Google Patents
SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENTS WITH HEATED EGGS Download PDFInfo
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- DK151528B DK151528B DK404374A DK404374A DK151528B DK 151528 B DK151528 B DK 151528B DK 404374 A DK404374 A DK 404374A DK 404374 A DK404374 A DK 404374A DK 151528 B DK151528 B DK 151528B
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Description
i 151528in 151528
Opfindelsen angår et kirurgisk instrument til skæring af væv, således som nærmere angivet i krav l's indledning.The invention relates to a surgical instrument for cutting tissue, as further specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Fra USA-patentskrift nr. 3.768.482 (jfr. fig. 2 heri) 5 kendes et instrument af denne art, hvor de elektriske varmelegemer er forbundet indbyrdes parallelt og med en konstantspændingskilde, idet de elektriske varmelegemer udviser en positiv temperaturkoefficient. Når de enkelte varmelegemer afkøles, f.eks. ved at komme i berøring med 10 det væv, der skal skæres, falder modstandsværdien og var-meeffekten stiger, idet varmeeffekten som bekendt er lig med kvadratet på spændingen divideret med modstandsværdien. Herved opnås en vis temperaturregulering, hvad der er ønskeligt for at opnå de ønskede skære- og koagulerings-15 forhold og for at undgå klæbning.US Patent No. 3,768,482 (cf. Fig. 2 herein) 5 discloses an instrument of this kind in which the electric heaters are connected to each other in parallel and to a constant voltage source, the electric heaters exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient. When the individual heaters are cooled, e.g. by contacting the tissue to be cut, the resistance value decreases and the heat power increases, as the heat power is, as is known, equal to the square of the voltage divided by the resistance value. Hereby a certain temperature control is obtained, which is desirable to achieve the desired cutting and coagulation conditions and to avoid sticking.
Det har imidlertid vist sig ønskeligt at kunne opnå en bedre temperaturregulering, end hvad der har været muligt med det ovenfor omtalte skæreinstrument, idet dettes regulering er baseret på en ligevægt, som vil falde 20 inden for et ret bredt temperaturområde, afhængigt af afkølingsgraden .However, it has been found desirable to be able to achieve better temperature control than has been possible with the cutting instrument mentioned above, since its control is based on an equilibrium which will fall within a rather wide temperature range, depending on the degree of cooling.
Med henblik herpå er instrumentet ifølge opfindelsen ejendommeligt ved den i krav l's kendetegnende del angivne udformning. Herved opnås, at det enkelte varmelege-25 mes temperatur kan reguleres uafhængigt af de øvrige temperaturer, og da der benyttes særlige styrekredsløb, kan disse let udformes således, at temperaturen holdes i hovedsagen konstant.For this purpose, the instrument according to the invention is peculiar to the design according to the characterizing part of claim 1. Hereby it is achieved that the temperature of the individual heater can be controlled independently of the other temperatures, and since special control circuits are used, these can be easily designed so that the temperature is kept substantially constant.
Det er klart, at for at kunne regulere de enkelte 30 varmelegemers temperaturer, skal der til styrekredsløbene på en eller anden måde overføres information om disse temperaturer. Teoretisk kan dette selvsagt gøres ved hjælp af særlige temperaturfølere for hvert enkelt varmelegeme med tilhørende styrekredsløb, men i praksis vil dette i 35 de fleste tilfælde blive alt for indviklet til, at instrumentet kan fremstilles til en rimelig pris. Det er derfor mere hensigtsmæssigt at udforme de enkelte varmelegemer som principielt angivet i krav 1, afsnit d, idet krav 2 angiver en praktisk udføresélsesform.It is clear that in order to regulate the temperatures of the individual heaters, information about these temperatures must be transmitted to the control circuits in some way. Theoretically, this can of course be done with the help of special temperature sensors for each individual heater with associated control circuits, but in practice this will in most cases be too complicated for the instrument to be manufactured at a reasonable price. Therefore, it is more appropriate to design the individual heaters as in principle in claim 1, section d, with claim 2 indicating a practical embodiment.
2 1515282 151528
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tinder henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 i skematisk diagramform viser skærein-strumentet og temperaturstyreanlægget for dette ifølge en foretrukken udførelsesform for opfindelsen, og 5 fig. 2 og 3 andre udførelsesformer for skærende in strumenter ifølge opfindelsen til anvendelse i forbindelse med kredsløbet ifølge fig. 1.Referring to the drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows in schematic diagram form the cutting instrument and the temperature control system for this according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 and 3 other embodiments of cutting instruments according to the invention for use in connection with the circuit of FIG. First
Fig. 1 viser et kirurgisk skærende instrument 9, der er koblet til et temperaturraåle- og effektstyrings-10 anlæg 11. Det skærende instrument 9 omfatter et tyndt keramisk blad 12 af den ønskede form for et kirurgisk skæreblad, der er aftageligt monteret på et håndtag eller en holder 10. Et elektrisk opvarmet element 13 er anbragt langs den forreste kant af bladet 12 tiL dannelse af dettes skæ-15 rende kant og er elektrisk koblet til styrekredsløbet gennem et kabel 14 og forbindelsesklemmer 16. Elementet 13 kan være en enkelt glødetråd fastgjort til kanten af bladet 12, f.eks. ved anvendelse af konventionelle keramiske svejse-materialer, eller det kan være et lag af elektrisk ledende 20 materiale, der er pådampet langs kanten af bladet 12. Varmeelementet 13 kan også have tilstrækkelig tværsnitsareal til at være selvbærende som vist i fig. 2 således, at bladet helt dannes af elementet 13 alene. Det anvendte materiale i elementet 13 har ideelt negativ modstandstemperaturkoefficient 25 således, at modstanden i valgte dele af elementet, når de køles ved berøring med væv, forøges og derved lokaliserer de dele af elementet 13, hvori yderligere effekt leveret af styreanlægget afsættes. Elementets temperatur kan således holdes i hovedsagen konstant over hele dets længde, når 30 dele af elementet 13 berører væv. Passende materiale, der har negativ modstandstemperaturkoefficient, omfatter sili-ciumcarbid, kul, borsilicat og sådanne halvledermaterialer som silicium og germanium. Naturligvis kan materialer, der har positiv modstandstemperaturkoefficient, også an-35 vendes. Når imidlertid materialer af denne art anvendes, må der drages omsorg for at udforme elementet 13 således, at i 151528FIG. 1 shows a surgical cutting instrument 9 coupled to a temperature control and power control system 11. The cutting instrument 9 comprises a thin ceramic blade 12 of the desired form of a surgical cutting blade removably mounted on a handle or holder 10. An electrically heated member 13 is arranged along the leading edge of blade 12 to form its cutting edge and is electrically coupled to the control circuit through a cable 14 and connection terminals 16. The member 13 may be a single filament attached to the edge. of the blade 12, e.g. using conventional ceramic welding materials, or it may be a layer of electrically conductive material evaporated along the edge of the blade 12. The heating element 13 may also have sufficient cross-sectional area to be self-supporting as shown in FIG. 2 so that the blade is completely formed by the element 13 alone. The material used in the element 13 ideally has negative resistance temperature coefficient 25 such that the resistance in selected parts of the element, when cooled by contact with tissue, increases and thereby locates those parts of the element 13 in which additional power supplied by the control system is deposited. Thus, the temperature of the element can be kept substantially constant over its entire length when 30 parts of the element 13 touch tissue. Suitable materials having a negative resistance temperature coefficient include silicon carbide, coal, borosilicate and such semiconductor materials as silicon and germanium. Of course, materials having a positive resistance temperature coefficient can also be used. However, when materials of this kind are used, care must be taken to design the element 13 such that in 151528
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3 hovedsagen hele elementet 13's længde er i berøring med væv ved brugen. Dette er påkrævet for at hindre den yderligere effekt, der leveres af styreanlægget 11, i at afsættes i dele af elementet, der ikke køles ved vævskontakt 5 og som følgelig har højere modstand end de koldere dele.3 substantially the entire length of the element 13 is in contact with tissue during use. This is required to prevent the additional power provided by the control system 11 from depositing in parts of the element which are not cooled by tissue contact 5 and which consequently have higher resistance than the colder parts.
Til anvendelse til skæring, hvor det ikke er bekvemt at udforme elementet 13 således, at hele dets længde er i berøring med væv, hver gang det bruges, kan elementet 13 bestå af et antal elektrisk isolerede elementer 13 og 13', 10 som vist i fig. 3, hvor hvert af elementerne 13 og 13’ er koblet til særskilte temperaturmåle- og effektstyreanlæg af den i fig. 1 viste art.For use in cutting where it is not convenient to design the element 13 such that its entire length is in contact with tissue each time it is used, the element 13 may consist of a plurality of electrically insulated elements 13 and 13 ', 10 as shown in FIG. FIG. 3, wherein each of the elements 13 and 13 'is coupled to separate temperature measuring and power control systems of the one shown in FIG. 1 art.
Elementet 131 s modstand er indeholdt i et brokredsløb 15, der er koblet til modtagelse af et veksel-15 strømssignal, der optræder på linierne 17 og 19, og den til elementet 13 førte effekt er følgelig bestemt af ledningsvinklerne for de styrede ensrettere 21 og 23, der er koblet til ledning i modsatte retninger parallelt over en seriemodstand 25. Der leveres effekt til styreanlægget 11 20 igennem de primære og sekundære viklinger 26 og 27 på en effektindgangstransformator 29. Vekselnetspændingen 28 føres til transformatoren 29 og transformeres ned, typisk til ca. 24 volt af hensyn til patienten og kirurgens sikkerhed, og gennemsnitsstrømmen pr. halvbølge af vekselstrømssignalet 25 bestemmes delvis af seriemodstanden 25 og af de styrede ensrettere 21, 23's ledningsvinkel.The resistance of the element 131 is contained in a bridge circuit 15 coupled to receive an AC 15 signal appearing on the lines 17 and 19, and the power applied to the element 13 is consequently determined by the conduction angles of the controlled rectifiers 21 and 23. connected to wiring in opposite directions parallel to a series resistor 25. Power is supplied to the control system 11 20 through the primary and secondary windings 26 and 27 of a power input transformer 29. The AC voltage 28 is applied to the transformer 29 and transformed down, typically to approx. 24 volts for patient and surgeon safety, and the average current per half-wave of the alternating current signal 25 is partly determined by the series resistor 25 and by the conduction angle of the controlled rectifiers 21, 23.
Elementet 13's arbejdstemperatur kan bestemmes ved indstilling af en af modstandene, f.eks. modstanden 31, i brokredsløbet 15. Enhver ændring i elementet 13's arbejds-30 temperatur fra den indstillede værdi bringer broen 15 i ubalance og frembringer over brokredsløbet 15's diagonalterminaler 35, 37 et styresignal, der enten er i fase eller ude af fase med det påførte netsignal, afhængigt af om arbejdstempe-raturen for elementet ligger over eller under den indstillede 35 arbejdstemperaturværdi. Et faseforskydningsnetværk 39 er koblet til brokredsløbet 15's udgangsterminaler til levering af fejlsignalet 44 i forhold til jord til indgangen på en fejl- 4 151528The operating temperature of the element 13 can be determined by setting one of the resistors, e.g. resistance 31, in the bridge circuit 15. Any change in the operating temperature of the element 13 from the set value causes the bridge 15 to be imbalanced and produces over the bridge circuit's diagonal terminals 35, 37 a control signal which is either in phase or out of phase with the applied network signal. , depending on whether the working temperature of the element is above or below the set working temperature value. A phase shift network 39 is coupled to the output terminals of the bridge circuit 15 for supplying the error signal 44 with respect to ground to the input of a fault signal.
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forstærker 41 med en. lille faseforskydning i forhold til det påførte netsignal 28. Dette giver styring af de styrede ensrettere 21, 23*s ledningsvinkel over størstedelen af en halvperiode for det påførte netsignal. Forstær-5 keren 41's udgang er ført til tærskeldetektorer 43, 45, der reagerer på, at det forstærkede fejlsignal antager valgte værdier lidt over eller lidt under 0. Tærskeldetektorerne 47 og 49 aktiverer således triggerimpulsgeneratorer 47 og 49 på det rette tidspunkt i det påførte netsignal 28's veks-10 lende halvperioder for at føre ledningsindledende impulser til de styrede ensrettere 21, 23's styreelektroder 51, 53. Forøget ledningsvinkel for de styrede ensrettere 21 og 23 forøger således den til elementet 13 .førte', effekt for at holde elementet på en forud fastlagt arbejdstemperatur, når 15 elementet har tendens til at nedkøles i berøring med hudvæv. Hvis elementet 13's arbejdstemperatur imidlertid skulle overskride den indstillede værdi, f.eks. på grund af termisk •oversving efter fjernelse af elementet 13 fra berøring med hudvævet, vender fejlsignalet 33's fase i forhold til 20 det påførte netsignal. Dette får triggerimpulsgeneratorerne til at levere ledningsindl'edende impulser til de styrede ensrettere 21, 23's styreelektroder under skiftende halvperioder, hvor disse ensrettere er forspændt i spærreretningen. Dette bevirker en nedgang i effekten, der leveres til 25 elementet 13, med et deraf følgende fald i dettes arbejdstemperatur til"omkring den indstillede arbejdstemperaturværdi.amplifier 41 with one. slight phase shift with respect to the applied network signal 28. This provides control of the wired angle of the rectifiers 21, 23 * over the majority of half a period of the applied network signal. The output of the amplifier 41 is directed to threshold detectors 43, 45 which respond to the amplified error signal assuming selected values slightly above or slightly below 0. Thus, threshold detectors 47 and 49 activate trigger pulse generators 47 and 49 at the appropriate time in the applied grid signal. 28 alternating half periods to supply conductive pulses to the controlled rectifiers 21, 23 of the control electrodes 51, 53. Increased lead angle of the controlled rectifiers 21 and 23 thus increases the power applied to the element 13 to maintain the element at a predetermined frequency. determined working temperature when the element tends to cool down in contact with skin tissue. However, if the operating temperature of the element 13 should exceed the set value, e.g. due to thermal overshoot after removing the element 13 from contact with the skin tissue, the phase of the error signal 33 reverses with respect to the applied grid signal 20. This causes the trigger pulse generators to supply conductive pulses to the control electrodes of the controlled rectifiers 21, 23 during alternating half periods where these rectifiers are biased in the blocking direction. This causes a decrease in power supplied to the element 13, with a consequent decrease in its operating temperature to "about the set working temperature value.
Når dette sker, genoprettes det rette faseforhold mellem fejlsignal og netsignal, og der leveres atter effekt til elementet 13. Omstilling af styreanlægget 11 til funktion 30 med elementer 13 med negative eller positive temperaturkoefficienter kræver blot, at triggerimpulserne fra generatorerne 47 og 49 tilføres gennem polvenderkontakten 55 til den rette styrede ensretter 21, 23 under den halvperiode af netsignalet 28, der forspænder den i lederetningen.When this occurs, the correct phase relationship between fault signal and mains signal is restored and power is again delivered to element 13. Switching control system 11 to function 30 with elements 13 with negative or positive temperature coefficients merely requires the trigger pulses from generators 47 and 49 to be applied through the pole switch 55 to the properly controlled rectifier 21, 23 during the half-period of the grid signal 28 biasing it in the direction of direction.
35 Det er klart, at andre temperaturstyreanlæg kan anvendes til at holde elementet 13's arbejdstemperatur i hoved- 5 151528It will be appreciated that other temperature control systems may be used to maintain the working temperature of the element 13 at the main temperature.
OISLAND
sagen konstant på en forud valgt værdi. F.eks. kan en termoelementføler være anbragt på bladet 12 i umiddelbar nærhed af elementet 13, eller et termoelement kan dannes på elementet 13 ved anvendelse af et andet materia-5 le med en anden arbejdsfunktion til dannelse af termoelementovergangen. Signalet fra et sådant termoelement kan anvendes til styring af arbejdstemperaturen på elementet 13 ved at styre dentil dette leverede effekt.the case constantly at a preselected value. Eg. For example, a thermocouple sensor may be disposed on blade 12 in the immediate vicinity of the element 13, or a thermocouple may be formed on the element 13 using a different material with a different working function to form the thermocouple transition. The signal from such a thermocouple can be used to control the operating temperature of the element 13 by controlling the delivered power.
to 15 20 25 1 35to 15 20 25 1 35
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DK404374A DK151528C (en) | 1974-07-29 | 1974-07-29 | SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENTS WITH HEATED EGGS |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DK404374A DK151528C (en) | 1974-07-29 | 1974-07-29 | SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENTS WITH HEATED EGGS |
DK404374 | 1974-07-29 |
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DK404374A DK404374A (en) | 1976-01-30 |
DK151528B true DK151528B (en) | 1987-12-14 |
DK151528C DK151528C (en) | 1988-05-24 |
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DK404374A DK151528C (en) | 1974-07-29 | 1974-07-29 | SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENTS WITH HEATED EGGS |
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Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE75343C (en) * | G. HIRSCHMANN in Berlin N., Johannisstr. 14/15 | Galvano-caustic burner with metallic casing | ||
US2795697A (en) * | 1949-06-11 | 1957-06-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Temperature control |
US3234356A (en) * | 1963-05-07 | 1966-02-08 | Raymond F Babb | Electrically heated medical implement |
US3526750A (en) * | 1967-06-02 | 1970-09-01 | William J Siegel | Thermal tool |
US3584190A (en) * | 1970-02-27 | 1971-06-08 | Texas Instruments Inc | Self-regulating heat applicator |
US3768482A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1973-10-30 | R Shaw | Surgical cutting instrument having electrically heated cutting edge |
-
1974
- 1974-07-29 DK DK404374A patent/DK151528C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE75343C (en) * | G. HIRSCHMANN in Berlin N., Johannisstr. 14/15 | Galvano-caustic burner with metallic casing | ||
US2795697A (en) * | 1949-06-11 | 1957-06-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Temperature control |
US3234356A (en) * | 1963-05-07 | 1966-02-08 | Raymond F Babb | Electrically heated medical implement |
US3526750A (en) * | 1967-06-02 | 1970-09-01 | William J Siegel | Thermal tool |
US3584190A (en) * | 1970-02-27 | 1971-06-08 | Texas Instruments Inc | Self-regulating heat applicator |
US3768482A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1973-10-30 | R Shaw | Surgical cutting instrument having electrically heated cutting edge |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DK151528C (en) | 1988-05-24 |
DK404374A (en) | 1976-01-30 |
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