DK151509B - Steam or hot water boiler - Google Patents
Steam or hot water boiler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK151509B DK151509B DK501477AA DK501477A DK151509B DK 151509 B DK151509 B DK 151509B DK 501477A A DK501477A A DK 501477AA DK 501477 A DK501477 A DK 501477A DK 151509 B DK151509 B DK 151509B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- water
- boiler
- chamber
- hot water
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B7/00—Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body
- F22B7/12—Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body with auxiliary fire tubes; Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B13/00—Steam boilers of fire-box type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed in a chamber or fire-box with subsequent flue(s) or fire tube(s), both chamber or fire-box and flues or fire tubes being built-in in the boiler body
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
i 151509in 151509
Opfindelsen angår en damp- eller varmtvandskedel af den art, som omfatter et konvektionsafsnit, der omslutter et flammerør, og et i forlængelse af dette uden for konvektionsafsnittet anbragt vendekammer, som er afgræn-5 set af en vandkølet sidevæg, og hvor konvektionsafsnittet er udformet som en cylindrisk beholder med plane endebunde, hvorimellem der koncentrisk omkring flammerøret er anbragt mindst to røgrørsgrupper, og hvor vendekammerets vandkølede sidevæg er forbundet med den nærmeste af 10 disse endebunde mellem de to røgrørsgrupper.The invention relates to a steam or hot water boiler of the kind comprising a convection section enclosing a flame pipe and an extension chamber located outside the convection section, which is defined by a water-cooled side wall and in which the convection section is formed as a cylindrical container with flat end bottoms, between which at least two flume pipe concentrates are arranged concentrically around the flame pipe and the water-cooled side wall of the flask chamber is connected to the nearest of these end bottoms between the two flue pipe groups.
Fra det danske patentskrift nr. 124.705 kendes en kedel af denne art. Denne kedel er dog ikke indrettet til for-varmning af fødevand eller til overhedning af damp. Fra 15 det svenske fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 370.114 kendes en anden kedel af denne art, hvis formål imidlertid er at opnå en tilfredsstillende afkøling af den endebund i flammekammeret, der vender mod brænderen. Herunder kan fødevandet godt nok til en vis grad blive forvarmet, men 20 konstruktionen er dog meget kompliceret og kostbar, da der parallelt med kedelens endebunde må indlægges to afskærmningsplader, hvori de respektive kedelrør må fastgøres gas- og vandtæt. For at kunne optage vandets trykbelastning må disse afskærmningsplader samt den 25 nederste endebund holdes sammen ved hjælp af stagbolte.From Danish patent specification No. 124,705 a boiler of this kind is known. However, this boiler is not adapted for preheating food water or for superheating steam. From Swedish Patent Specification No. 370,114, another boiler of this kind is known, the purpose of which, however, is to obtain a satisfactory cooling of the end bottom of the flame chamber facing the burner. Below this, the feed water may well be preheated to a certain extent, but the construction is very complicated and expensive, as two shielding plates must be installed parallel to the boiler's end bottoms, in which the respective boiler pipes must be gas- and waterproof. In order to absorb the pressure of the water, these guards must be held together with the bottom 25 bottom by means of stud bolts.
Det er formålet med opfindelsen at anvise en kedel af den indledningsvis nævnte art, som på en enklere og billigere måde end hidtil kendt kan tilføre varme til et 30 kedelfluidum ud over den opvarmning, der finder sted direkte i konvektionsafsnittet.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a boiler of the kind mentioned above, which in a simpler and cheaper way than previously known can supply heat to a boiler fluid in addition to the heating which takes place directly in the convection section.
Dette opnås ved, at kedelen ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at den har i hvert fald én ringformet kas-35 2 151509 se, som omslutter en af røgrørsgrupperne ved dennes nærmest vendekammeret liggende ende, og som er forsynet med respektivt til- og afløb for et kedelfluidum. Dette medfører, at der inde i konvektionsafsnittet dannes et af-5 skærmet område til henholdsvis fødevandsopvarmning eller dampoverhedning, og hele dette arrangement er således udadtil omgivet af en trykbeholder. De konstruktionsdele, som dette arrangement er opbygget af, behøver derfor ikke at være dimensioneret til at kunne optage trykfor-10 - skellen i forhold til den omgivende atmosfære, og fremstillingen bliver særlig enkel, da der nu ikke kræves absolut tæthed i forhold til omgivelserne.This is achieved by the fact that the boiler according to the invention is peculiar in that it has at least one annular casing which encloses one of the flue pipe groups at the end of its closest turning chamber, and which is provided with respective inlet and outlet for a boiler fluid. As a result, a shielded area is formed within the convection section for feed water heating or steam superheating, and this whole arrangement is thus externally surrounded by a pressure vessel. Therefore, the structural parts of which this arrangement is constructed do not have to be dimensioned to accommodate the pressure difference with respect to the ambient atmosphere, and the fabrication becomes particularly simple since no absolute density is required with respect to the surroundings.
Ifølge opfindelsen kan kassen omslutte den yderste røg-15 rørsgruppe og være forbundet med en fødevandstilgang, og dens udløb kan udmunde ud mod beholderen. Denne udførelsesform er især velegnet til forvarmning af fødevand.According to the invention, the box can enclose the outermost smoke tube group and be connected to a feed water supply, and its outlet can open out toward the container. This embodiment is particularly suitable for preheating food water.
Desuden kan ifølge opfindelsen kassen omslutte den in-20 derste røgrørsgruppe og dens respektive ind- og udløb være forbundet med ledninger til fremføring af damp.In addition, according to the invention, the box may enclose the innermost flue pipe group and its respective inlets and outlets connected to steam supply lines.
Denne udførelsesform er især velegnet til overhedning af damp.This embodiment is particularly suitable for steam superheating.
25 Ved indretning af to ringformede kasser kan der yderligere ifølge opfindelsen på én gang forvarmes fødevand og overhedes damp.By arrangement of two annular boxes, according to the invention, further water can be preheated at one time and superheated steam.
Opfindelsen forklares nedenfor under henvisning til 30 tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et lodret snit gennem en dampkedel, som er indrettet med en fødevandsforvarmning ifølge opfindelsen, og 35 151509 3 fig. 2 det øverste afsnit af en dampkedel, som er indrettet med en overheder ifølge opfindelsen.The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a steam boiler arranged with a feed water preheater according to the invention, and FIG. 2 shows the upper section of a steam boiler arranged with a superheater according to the invention.
Fig. 1 viser en i og for sig kendt kedel, som omfatter 5 et øverste cylindrisk afsnit 10 og et nedre efterfor- brændingskammer 11. I midten af det øverste af.snit 10 er der anbragt et flammerør 12, og i dettes øverste ende er der monteret en brænder 13. Flammerørets nederste ende er indsnævret ved hjælp af et af ildfast materiale 10 " fremstillet indsatslegeme 14, som er forsynet med en udløbspassage 15.FIG. 1 shows a boiler known per se, which comprises 5 an upper cylindrical section 10 and a lower post-combustion chamber 11. In the middle of the upper section 10 is arranged a flame pipe 12, and at its upper end is mounted a burner 13. The bottom end of the flame tube is narrowed by means of a refractory material 10 "made of refractory material 10, which is provided with an outlet passage 15.
De dele af flammen, der stryger ned langs flammerøret 12's vægge og derfor bliver afkølet så meget, at der ik-15 ke opnås en fuldstændig forbrænding, tvinges som følge af udformningen af indsatslegemet 14's overside 16, som hælder skråt nedefter fra flammerørets vægge mod passagen 15, ud i selve kerneflammen, hvor den derfor bliver stærkt opvarmet og samtidigt blandet med den øvrige gas, 20 således at der kan finde en effektiv slutforbrænding sted i efterforbrændingsrummet 11.The parts of the flame which strike down along the walls of the flame tube 12 and are therefore cooled to such an extent that no complete combustion is obtained are forced as a result of the design of the upper side 16 of the insert body 14, which slopes downwards from the walls of the flame tube towards the passage. 15, into the core flame itself, where it is therefore greatly heated and at the same time mixed with the other gas, 20 so that an effective final combustion can take place in the post-combustion chamber 11.
Det øverste cylindriske afsnit 10 indeholder et stort antal røggasrør, som er opdelt i to ringformede grupper.The upper cylindrical section 10 contains a large number of flue gas pipes which are divided into two annular groups.
25 Den inderste af disse rørgrupper 18 forløber mellem efterforbrændingsrummet 11 og et øverste vandkammer 19, og den yderste rørgruppe 20 forløber fra dette øverste vandkammer til et nederste opsamlingskammer 21, der er tilsluttet en ikke vist skorsten. Antallet af røgrør i 30 hver gruppe er valgt således, at gassens strømningshastighed holdes i det væsentlige konstant trods afkølingen.The innermost of these pipe groups 18 extends between the post-combustion chamber 11 and an upper water chamber 19, and the outer pipe group 20 extends from this upper water chamber to a lower collection chamber 21 connected to a chimney not shown. The number of flue pipes in each group is chosen such that the gas flow rate is kept substantially constant despite the cooling.
35 4 15150935 4 151509
Efterforbrændingsrummet 11 er udadtil afgrænset af en vandkappevæg 22, der er forbundet med det øverste afsnit 10 mellem de to røgrørsgrupper 18, 20. Efterforbrændingsrummet 11's bund 23 er i dette tilfælde udført af 5 ildfast materiale, men kan ved større anlæg eller ved højt belastede kedler være vandkølet.The post-combustion compartment 11 is externally bounded by a water jacket wall 22, which is connected to the upper section 10 between the two flue pipe groups 18, 20. The bottom 23 of the post-combustion compartment 11 is in this case made of 5 refractory material, but can be used for larger plants or for highly loaded boilers. be water cooled.
Kedlens dampkammer 24 er indrettet inde i den cylindriske beholder 10, og omslutter således flammerørets øver- 10- ste del. Det normale vandniveau er antydet med henvisningstallet 25.The boiler steam chamber 24 is arranged inside the cylindrical container 10, thus enclosing the upper portion of the flame tube. The normal water level is indicated by the reference number 25.
For at sikre, at den del af flammerøret 12, de’r befinder sig i selve dampkammeret 24, bliver tilstrækkeligt afkø-15 let, er der anbragt en i hovedsagen vandret ringformet endeplade 28 i kedlens vandkammer i en højde, der ligger så langt under normal væskestand 25, at endepladen også holdes dækket med vand ved en tilfældigt opstået særlig lav vandstand. Pladen er udformet således, at der efter-20 lades en spalte 29 mellem pladen og beholderens 10's ^kappevæg, og en spalte 30 mellem pladen og flammerøret.To ensure that the portion of the flame tube 12 contained in the vapor chamber 24 itself is sufficiently cooled, a substantially horizontal annular end plate 28 is placed in the boiler's water chamber at a height so far below normal liquid level 25, that the end plate is also covered with water at a randomly created particularly low water level. The plate is designed so that a gap 29 is left between the plate and the casing wall of the container 10, and a gap 30 between the plate and the flame tube.
En opadvendende skærm 31 er forbundet med endepladen 28 ved dennes indre periferi og danner en fortsættelse af 25 spalten 30. Denne skærm strækker sig næsten helt op til den øverste beholderbund.An upwardly facing screen 31 is connected to the end plate 28 at its inner periphery and forms a continuation of the slot 30. This screen extends almost all the way up to the upper container bottom.
For at opnå gode cirkulationsforhold for vandet i konvektionsafsnittet er der i beholderen 10's nederste af-30 snit anbragt en tilsvarende styreindretning til vandet.In order to obtain good circulation conditions for the water in the convection section, a corresponding control device for the water is arranged in the lower section of the container 10.
En anden ringformet endeplade 33 er anbragt parallelt med og i nogen afstand fra beholderens nederste bund.Another annular end plate 33 is arranged parallel to and at some distance from the bottom of the container.
Også her findes der en spalte 34 ved pladens yderste 35 151509 5 periferi, og en spalte 35 ved dens inderste periferi. En nedadvendende skærm 36 er fastgjort til pladen 33 og rager et stykke ned i vandkappen 22, omtrent midt i denne.Here, too, there is a slit 34 at the outermost edge of the plate and a slit 35 at its innermost periphery. A downwardly directed shield 36 is attached to the plate 33 and projects a portion down into the water jacket 22, approximately in the middle thereof.
5 En fødevandsledning er angivet med henvisningstallet 37.5 A feed water line is indicated by the reference number 37.
To cirkulært udformede plader 38 og 39 er fastgjort til endepladen 33 og strækker sig et stykke opefter, idet de omslutter det nederste afsnit af røgrørsgruppen 20. Pladen 39 er lidt højere end pladen 38, og idet en lågplade 10 40 dækker de to plader foroven, dannes der et lukket kammer rundt om røgrørsgruppen 20's nederste ende. Dette kammer er via en spalte 41 forbundet med vandkammeret.Two circularly shaped plates 38 and 39 are attached to the end plate 33 and extend a bit upwardly, enclosing the lower portion of the flue pipe group 20. The plate 39 is slightly higher than the plate 38, and a cover plate 10 40 covers the two plates at the top. a closed chamber is formed around the lower end of the flue pipe group 20. This chamber is connected to the water chamber via a slot 41.
Pødevand, som tilføres dette kammer gennem ledningen 37, 15 bliver forvarmet ved at optage varme fra røgrørene i røgrørsgruppen 20 og løber dernæst ud gennem spalten umiddelbart op ad beholderens kappevæg. På denne måde opnås der en meget kraftigere afkøling af de afgående røggasser, end hvis det var kedelvandet i beholderen, 20 der var løbet gennem kammeret og havde berørt dets sider .Mud water supplied to this chamber through conduit 37, 15 is preheated by absorbing heat from the flue pipes in the flue pipe group 20 and then flows out through the gap immediately up to the casing wall of the container. In this way, a much more powerful cooling of the exhaust flue gases is obtained than if it were the boiler water in the container, 20 which had run through the chamber and had touched its sides.
Det vand, som løber ud af spalten 41, er stadigvæk koldere end kedelvandet, og det vil derfor søge at synke 25 ned i passagen mellem beholderens kappevæg og pladen 38.The water flowing out of the gap 41 is still colder than the boiler water, and it will therefore seek to sink 25 down the passage between the casing wall of the container and the plate 38.
Det passerer derefter ind under pladen 33 og styres af pladen 36 i nedadgående retning langs med ydervæggen i vandkappen 22. Dennes indervæg er udsat for stråling fra efterforbrændingsrummet 11, og vandet bliver derfor her 30 kraftigt opvarmet. Dette medfører, at der opstår en lagdelt cirkulation i vandkappen, hvorunder det opvarmede vand bliver ført opad og af styrepladen 36 tvunget ind mod endepladen 33's inderste afsnit, hvorefter vandet kan stige op gennem den indre spalte 35.It then passes under the plate 33 and is directed downwardly by the plate 36 along the outer wall of the water jacket 22. Its inner wall is exposed to radiation from the post-combustion chamber 11, and the water here is therefore greatly heated. This causes a layered circulation in the water jacket, during which the heated water is led upwards and forced by the guide plate 36 towards the inner part of the end plate 33, after which the water can rise through the inner gap 35.
35 151509 635 151509 6
En del af pladen 33 danner sammen med pladerne 38, 39 og 40 et ringformet kammer til forvarmning af fødevandet ved udløbet fra røgrørene 20.A portion of plate 33 together with plates 38, 39 and 40 forms an annular chamber for preheating the feed water at the outlet of the flue pipes 20.
5 Fig. 2 viser en kedel, som er indrettet med en overheder. Også i dette tilfælde er det ringformede kammer opbygget på den ringformede plade 33 og omfatter desuden to cirkulært udformede sideplader 38a og 39a samt en lågplade 40a, som tilsammen afgrænser en ringformet 10 kasse, som omslutter den inderste røgrørsgruppe 18 ved dennes nederste ende.FIG. 2 shows a boiler which is arranged with a superheater. Also in this case, the annular chamber is formed on the annular plate 33 and further comprises two circularly shaped side plates 38a and 39a as well as a cover plate 40a which together define an annular box 10 enclosing the inner flue pipe group 18 at its lower end.
Dampen tages ud fra damprummet 24 via et eller flere i beholderen 10 anbragte lodrette rør 42a, som er åbne ved 15 deres øverste ender, og som er tilsluttet overhederkassens øverste del. Kassen er ved hjælp af indvendige styreplader inddelt således, at dampen føres i en skruelinieformet bane rundt om flammerøret og bliver udledt gennem et udtag 42b. For at hindre lokal over-20 hedning af pladematerialet, når kedlen startes op, fyldes kassen midlertidigt med vand ved at forhøje vandstanden i dampkammeret. Det ikke-fordampede vand kan tappes ud gennem ledningen 42b, før driftdampen begynder at blive udtaget.The vapor is taken out of the vapor space 24 via one or more vertical tubes 42a arranged in the container 10 which are open at their upper ends and which are connected to the upper part of the superheater box. The box is divided by means of internal control plates so that the steam is conducted in a helical path around the flame pipe and is discharged through an outlet 42b. In order to prevent local overheating of the sheet material when the boiler is started up, the box is temporarily filled with water by raising the water level in the steam chamber. The non-evaporated water can be drained through conduit 42b before the vapor starts to be taken out.
2525
Damp kan også tilføres kassen udefra via den i fig. 1 viste tilslutning 42, og som tidligere nævnt kan der ifølge opfindelsen være indrettet forvarmning af føde-vand Og overhedning af damp i samme kedel.Vapor may also be supplied to the box from the outside via the one shown in FIG. 1, as previously mentioned, there may be arranged preheating of feed water and superheating of steam in the same boiler.
30 3530 35
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7612552A SE410340B (en) | 1976-11-11 | 1976-11-11 | ANG- OR HOT WATER BOILER |
| SE7612552 | 1976-11-11 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK501477A DK501477A (en) | 1978-05-12 |
| DK151509B true DK151509B (en) | 1987-12-07 |
| DK151509C DK151509C (en) | 1988-05-30 |
Family
ID=20329405
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK501477A DK151509C (en) | 1976-11-11 | 1977-11-11 | Steam or hot water boiler |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DK (1) | DK151509C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI773414A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO144462C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE410340B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK156288A (en) * | 1988-03-22 | 1989-09-23 | Jydsk Varmekedelfab As | Steam boiler and use thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK124705B (en) * | 1970-05-26 | 1972-11-13 | Goetaverken Angteknik Ab | Return boiler. |
| SE370114B (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1974-09-30 | Goetaverken Angteknik Ab |
-
1976
- 1976-11-11 SE SE7612552A patent/SE410340B/en unknown
-
1977
- 1977-11-11 DK DK501477A patent/DK151509C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-11 FI FI773414A patent/FI773414A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-11-11 NO NO773858A patent/NO144462C/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK124705B (en) * | 1970-05-26 | 1972-11-13 | Goetaverken Angteknik Ab | Return boiler. |
| SE370114B (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1974-09-30 | Goetaverken Angteknik Ab |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7612552L (en) | 1978-05-12 |
| DK151509C (en) | 1988-05-30 |
| NO144462C (en) | 1981-09-02 |
| NO144462B (en) | 1981-05-25 |
| NO773858L (en) | 1978-05-12 |
| FI773414A (en) | 1978-05-12 |
| DK501477A (en) | 1978-05-12 |
| SE410340B (en) | 1979-10-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBP | Patent lapsed |