DK151067B

DK151067B - Apparatus for detecting cracked grains of rice

Info

Publication number: DK151067B
Application number: DK57382A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Toshihiko Satake
Original assignee: Satake Eng Co Ltd
Priority date: 1982-02-10
Filing date: 1982-02-10
Publication date: 1987-10-26
Also published as: DK151067C; DK57382A

Description

151067 o151067 o

Opfindelsen angår et apparat til detektering af revnede korn af uafskallet og afskallet ris og af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to an apparatus for detecting cracked grains of paddy and peeled rice and of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.

For at opfylde det nuværende krav om mekanisering 5 inden for risproduktionsområdet er tørreapparater til tør-. . ring af uafskallede riskorn efter høstningen taget i prak tisk anvendelse. Med et sådant tørreapparat er det muligt at udføre tørringen af uafskallet ris med en høj virkningsgrad under konstante betingelser uden påvirkning af vejr-10 forholdene. Anvendelsen af tørreapparater rejser imidlertid på den anden side et problem, idet der hyppigt frembringes revnede riskorn, især når tørringsfaktoren for de uafskallede riskorn bliver stor.In order to meet the current requirement of mechanization 5 in the rice production field, dryers for drying. . ring of paddy rice grains after harvesting put into practical use. With such a dryer it is possible to carry out the drying of paddy rice with a high efficiency under constant conditions without affecting the weather conditions. The use of dryers, on the other hand, raises a problem, however, as frequently cracked rice grains are produced, especially when the drying factor of the paddy rice grains becomes large.

Der er således behov for et apparat, der er i 15 stand til effektivt at detektere revnede riskorn.Thus, there is a need for an apparatus capable of efficiently detecting cracked rice grains.

Et kendt anlæg til sortering af materiale tilvejebragt som smådele er beskrevet i US-patentskrift nr. 3.750.881, hvilket anlæg er opbygget med indførings-og transportorganer, samt et skanderingshoved. Skande-20 ringshovedet indbefatter tre fotoelektriske aggregater, som hver især er opbygget med fotoforstærkere, linser, spalter og farvefiltre. Ved disse aggregater måles mængden af det til en udpeget farve svarende, fra baggrundsplader og det undersøgte produkt reflekterede lys, ef-25 terhånden som de i produktet indgående partikler passerer skanderingshovederne, idet der samtidigt udsendes signaler svarende til målingerne. Har de enkelte smådele en farve, som ligger udenfor det udpegede farveområde, aktiveres ved det i overensstemmelse hermed ud-30 sendte signal en udsorteringsindretning, hvorved de fejl-behæftede partikler udskilles fra de ikke fejlbehæftede partikler. Elektroniske kredsløb er ikke nærmere beskrevet.A known plant for sorting material provided as small parts is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,750,881, which system is constructed with insertion and transport means, as well as a scanning head. The scanning head includes three photoelectric assemblies, each of which is constructed with photo-amplifiers, lenses, slots and color filters. In these assemblies, the amount of the reflected light reflected from background plates and the product under examination is measured as the particles entering the product pass the scanning heads, simultaneously sending signals corresponding to the measurements. If the individual small parts have a color which is outside the designated color range, the sorting device is activated by the signal transmitted accordingly, whereby the faulty particles are separated from the non-faulted particles. Electronic circuits are not described in more detail.

Som det ses af ovenstående sker sorteringen u-35 delukkende efter farvemålinger, idet det tillige kun er den samlede farvevirkning af de enkelte smådele, som må les. Farvevariationer indenfor hver enkelt del registreres ikke.As can be seen from the above, the sorting is done exclusively by color measurements, as it is also only the overall color effect of the individual small parts that must be read. Color variations within each section are not recorded.

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Et ånJét Måt salsg til littåMg ιί niåili er beskrevet i US-patentskrift nr. 4.252.240. Også i dette tilfælde foretages en farvemåling af partiklerne.Another measure of sales to a small number is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,252,240. In this case too, a color measurement of the particles is made.

Anlægget er tilvejebragt med indførings- og transport-5 organer og fotoelektriske detektionsorganer. Det gennem en strøm af partikler passerende lys måles i et lysregistrerende organ, idet partiklernes farve under ét registreres gennem denne måling, hvorefter udsendes et signal i overensstemmelse med måleresultatet. Ligger dette 10 måleresultat udenfor et forud fastsat farveområde, fjernes de dertil svarende partikler, og strømmen af partikler varieres endvidere i takt med måleresultaterne. Også dette anlæg udøver sortering udelukkende på basis af den samlede farve, som modtages af det lysregistreren-15 de apparat. Farvevarrationer indenfor den enkelte partikel registreres ikke.The system is provided with insertion and transport means and photoelectric detection means. The light passing through a stream of particles is measured in a light detecting means, the color of the particles being taken together through this measurement, and then a signal is output in accordance with the measurement result. If this measurement result lies outside a predetermined color range, the corresponding particles are removed and the flow of particles is further varied as the measurement results. Also, this system carries out sorting solely on the basis of the overall color received by the light recording apparatus. Color variations within the individual particle are not detected.

I US-patentskrift nr. 4.271.966 omtales en sorteringsmaskine med indførings- og transportorganer og med et organ (benævnt en lampe) til udsendelse af monokroma-20 tisk lys eller anden elektromagnetisk stråling og et lysfølsomt organ til modtagelse af strålingen. I en kompara-tor sammenlignes signaler fra det lysfølsomem organ med udpegede data, og viser sammenligningen, at det registrerede materiale ligger udenfor de udpegede normer, aktive-25 res et udstødningsorgan, som retter en luftstrøm mod det uønskede materiale til fjernelse af dette. Det er ikke forklaret, hvorfra de udpegede data til sammenligning tilvejebringes, ligesom de elektroniske kredsløb ikke er forklarede. Sorteringen synes dog at blive foretaget 30 ud fra farvevirkning (jfr. spalte 4, linie 47-48) og ud fra gennemskinnelighed (jfr. spalte 3, linie 21-22).U.S. Patent No. 4,271,966 discloses a sorting machine with insertion and transport means and with a means (referred to as a lamp) for emitting monochromatic light or other electromagnetic radiation and a photosensitive means for receiving the radiation. In a comparator, signals from the photosensitive means are compared with designated data, and when the comparison shows that the recorded material is outside the designated norms, an exhaust means is activated which directs an air flow to the undesired material to remove it. It is not explained from which the designated data is provided for comparison, nor are the electronic circuits explained. However, the sorting appears to be done 30 based on color effect (cf. column 4, lines 47-48) and translucency (cf. column 3, lines 21-22).

De ovennævnte detekteringsmåder er - hverken ved registrering af farveforskelle eller ved registrering af, om lys o.lign. kan passere - egnede til nøjagtig re-35 gistrering af om de enkelte riskorn, såvel afskallede som uafskallede, er revnede, itugåede, umodne eller døde, lige- 3 151067 O - som en optælling af frasorterede riskorn mangler, hvorfor disse detekteringsmåder ikke er egnede i forbindelse med tilvejebringelse af en fuldt automatiseret udsortering af defekte riskorn.The above detection methods are - neither by detecting color differences nor by detecting whether light or the like. can pass - suitable for accurately recording whether the individual rice grains, both peeled and peeled, are cracked, ruptured, immature or dead, as well as missing a count of discarded rice grains, which is why these detection methods are not suitable in connection with the provision of a fully automated sorting of defective rice grains.

5 Det er derfor et formål for opfindelsen at til vejebringe et apparat til detektering af revnede korn af uafskallet og afskallet ris med stor nøjagtighed, og til optælling af riskorn i de forskellige kategorier, således at apparatet kan virke i tilknytnng til en auto-10 matisk sorteringsproces.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an apparatus for detecting cracked grains of paddy and peeled rice with great accuracy, and for counting rice grains in the various categories, so that the apparatus may operate in connection with an automatic sorting process.

Det angivne formål opnås med et apparat af den indledningsvis omhandlede art, som ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommeligt ved den i krav l's kendetegnede del angivne udformning.The stated object is achieved with an apparatus of the kind referred to in the preamble, which according to the invention is peculiar to the design as defined in claim 1.

15 I det ved opfindelsen tilvejebragte apparat sen des lys gennem hvert enkelt riskorn, hvorefter variationer i lysstyrken langs det enkelte riskorn registreres, og dertil modsvarende signaler behandles i egnede elektroniske kredsløb.In the apparatus provided by the invention, light is transmitted through each grain of rice, after which variations in the brightness along the individual grain of grain are recorded, and corresponding signals are processed in suitable electronic circuits.

20 Herved opnås en så nøjagtig registrering af det enkelte riskorns kvalitet, at der i modsætning til, hvad kan opnås ved den kendte teknik, kan tilvejebringes en fuldautomatisk detektering af defekte riskorn med påføl-gend udsortering, og som følge heraf en nøjagtig og hur-25 tig beregning af andelen af defekte riskorn i den samlede riskornmængde.Hereby, an accurate record of the quality of the individual rice grains is obtained so that, contrary to what can be obtained by the prior art, a fully automatic detection of defective rice grains with subsequent sorting can be provided, and as a result an accurate and rapid 25 th calculation of the proportion of defective rice grains in the total quantity of rice grains.

Ved således at tilvejebringe en fuldautomatisk sortering af riskorn, opnås der ved opfindelsen en væsentlig besparelse i udgifterne til arbejdskraft ved sor-30 teringen af riskorn, hvilken sortering ifølge det indled ningsvis anførte er blevet et væsentligt problem i forbindelse med en kraftigt stigende anvendelse af tørreanlæg til risprodukterne. Herudover opnås en minimering af menneskeskabte fejl i sorteringsarbejdet og nøjagtige optæl-35 lingsresultater.Thus, by providing a fully automatic sorting of rice grains, the invention achieves a substantial saving in the cost of labor in the sorting of rice grains, which sorting has, according to the preamble mentioned, become a major problem in connection with a sharp increase in the use of drying plants. to the rice products. In addition, minimization of man-made errors in the sorting work and accurate counting results are achieved.

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Apparatet omfatter en ristilførselsrende, der ved .sin bund har et lystransmitterende vindue og er anbragt således, at den strækker sig i hovedsagen vandret eller med en lille hældning langs sin længde, samt organer til 5 at detektere mængden af lys, hvilke organer har en lyskilde og et lysmodtagende element, der er anbragt i det væsentlige indbyrdes modsat beliggende på hver side af det lystransmitterende vindue, hvorved de revnede riskorn de-tekteres ud fra den lysmængde, der modtages af lysmodtage-10 organerne. Apparatet til detektering af revnede korn af uafskallet ris eller afskallet ris af den ovenfor omtalte type indbefatter tillige et tællerkredsløb til tælling af riskornantallet, hvilket kredsløb er tilpasset til hver gang riskornet passerer det lystransmitterende vindue at 15 detektere passagetiden og referencelysstyrken for det lys, der er transmitteret gennem riskornet, og til at tælle det detekterede antal, samt et tællerkredsløb til revnede ris-kron, hvilket kredsløb er tilpasset til at detektere passagetiden og riskornets skygge af en forud fastsat lys-20 styrke i form af en kort skygge eller en lang sammenhængende skygge, idet de revnede-riskorn detekteres som. et antal korte skygger, hvorved det samlede antal riskorn, som har passeret det lystransmitterende vindue, og antallet af revnede riskornpartikler bliver detekteret.The apparatus comprises a rice supply channel having at its bottom a light transmitting window and arranged to extend substantially horizontally or with a slight inclination along its length, and means for detecting the amount of light which means has a light source. and a light receiving element disposed substantially mutually opposite on each side of the light transmitting window, whereby the cracked rice grains are detected from the amount of light received by the light receiving means. The apparatus for detecting cracked grain of paddy rice or peeled rice of the type mentioned above also includes a counter for counting the rice grain number, which circuit is adapted to each time the rice grain passes the light transmitting window to detect the passage time and the reference brightness of the light that is transmitted through the rice grain and to count the detected number, as well as a cracked rice crown counter circuit, which circuit is adapted to detect the passage time and the shade of the rice grain by a predetermined light intensity in the form of a short shadow or a long continuous shadow, detecting the cracked rice grains as. a number of short shadows, thereby detecting the total number of rice grains which have passed the light transmitting window and the number of cracked rice grain particles.

25 Opfindelsen forklares i det følgende nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 er et snit gennem et apparat set fra siden ifølge en udførelses fonti af opfindelsen, fig. 2 viser funktionsprincippet for det i fig. 1 vi-30 ste apparat, og fig. 3 er et elektrisk kredsløbsdiagram af et elektrisk kredsløb, der er egnet til anvendelse i det i fig. 1 viste apparat.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which 1 is a side sectional view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 shows the principle of operation of the device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an electrical circuit diagram of an electrical circuit suitable for use in the embodiment of FIG. 1.

Under henvisning til fig. 1 har et apparat til de-35 tektering af revnede riskorn af uafskallet eller afskallet ris, hvilket apparat er udformet ifølge en udførelsesformReferring to FIG. 1 has an apparatus for detecting cracked rice grains of paddy or peeled rice, which is designed according to one embodiment

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5 151067 af opfindelsen, en kasseformet ramme 1, i hvilken en ristilførselsrende 3, der har en vibrator 2, er anbragt med en lille hældning. Organer 5 for førsel af afskallede eller uafskallede riskorn er anbragt ovenover indløbsdelen 5 4 af ristilførselsrenden 3, mens udløbsenden af renden 3 rager uden for maskinrammen 1 gennem en åbning 6 deri. Ristilførselsrenden 3 har ved sin bund et lystransmitterende vindue 7. Lyskildeorganer 8, såsom glødelamper, og lysmodtageorganer 9, såsom fotodioder, er anbragt i det 10 væsentlige modsat beliggende over for hinanden i lodret retning på tværs af det lystransmitterende vindue. Lysmodtageorganerne 9 er elektrisk og operativt forbundet med detekteringskredsløbsorganer 10 til revnede riskorn, der er anbragt på en øvre del af maskinrammen 1, således at de 15 revnede riskorn detekteres ud fra den mængde lys, der transmitteres gennem de riskorn, som passerer hen over vinduet 7. Udtrykket "i det væsentlige modsat beliggende over for hinanden" anvendes i denne beskrivelse ikke kun for en sådan udformning, hvori lyskilderne og lysmodtageorganerne ligger 20 nøjagtigt over for hinanden, men omfatter også det tilfælde, hvor den linie, der forbinder lyskilderne og lysmodtageorganerne, er anbragt i en vis vinkel i forhold til det lystransmitterende vindue 7's plan og omfatter endog det tilfælde, hvor lyskilderne og lysmodtageorganerne er indbyrdes 25 forskudt, men ligger optisk over for hinanden langs en krum lysbane, der udgøres af en optisk fiber eller lignende.In accordance with the invention, a box-shaped frame 1, in which a rice feed tube 3 having a vibrator 2 is arranged with a slight inclination. Means 5 for passing peeled or peeled rice grains are arranged above the inlet portion 5 4 of the rice supply trough 3, while the outlet end of the trough 3 protrudes outside the machine frame 1 through an opening 6 therein. The rice supply channel 3 has at its bottom a light transmitting window 7. Light source means 8, such as incandescent lamps, and light receiving means 9, such as photodiodes, are positioned substantially opposite to each other in a vertical direction across the light transmitting window. The light receiving means 9 are electrically and operatively connected to cracked rice grains detection circuit means 10 located on an upper part of the machine frame 1 so that the 15 cracked rice grains are detected from the amount of light transmitted through the rice grains passing across the window 7 The term "substantially opposite to one another" in this specification is used not only for such a design in which the light sources and the light-receiving means are exactly opposite to each other, but also includes the case where the line connecting the light-sources and the light-receiving means, is positioned at a certain angle to the plane of the light transmitting window 7 and even includes the case where the light sources and the light receiving means are mutually displaced, but are optically opposed to one another along a curved light path constituted by an optical fiber or the like.

Detekteringskredsløbsorganer 10 til revnede riskorn omfatter et tællerkredsløb 11 til at tælle antallet 30 af riskornpartikler, et tællerkredsløb 12 til at tælle de revnede riskornpartikler, digitale visningsorganer 13, 14, 15 osv.Detected rice grain detection circuitry 10 comprises a counter circuit 11 for counting the number of 30 grain particles, a counter circuit 12 for counting the cracked rice grain particles, digital display means 13, 14, 15, etc.

Udformningen af detekteringskredsløbsorganet 10 til revnede riskorn bliver forklaret i det følgende under hen-35 visning til et i fig. 3 vist elektrisk kredsløbsdiagram.The design of the detection circuit means 10 for cracked rice grains is explained in the following with reference to one in FIG. 3 is an electrical circuit diagram.

Udgangen af lysmodtageorganerne 9 opsplittes i to linier, afThe output of the light receiving means 9 is split into two lines, of

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6 151067 hvilke den ene er forbundet med tællerkredsløbet 11 til tælling af riskomantallet, mens den anden er forbundet med tællerkredsløbet 12 til revnede riskorn. Tællerkredsløbet 11 til tælling af riskornantallet omfatter en forstærker 5 16; der er tilpasset til at modtage udgangssignalet fra lysmodtageorganerne 9, og afgive et udgangssignal til en af indgangene på en komparator 18. Tællerkredsløbet 11 omfatter endvidere et indstillingsorgan 19 til at indstille en referencelysstyrke A til detektering af antallet af ris-10 kornpartikler og er forbundet til den anden af to indgange til komparatoren 18. Tællerkredsløbet 11 omfatter også en tæller 20, der er forbundet med udgangen af komparatoren 18, et referenceklokkredsløb 21, der er forbundet med tælleren 20, samt et digitalt visningsorgan 13 til riskorn-15 antallet, hvilket digitale visningsorgan er forbundet med udgangen af tælleren 20.6 are connected to the counter circuit 11 for counting the rice number, while the other is connected to the counter circuit 12 for cracked rice grains. The counting circuit 11 for counting the rice grain number comprises an amplifier 5 16; adapted to receive the output signal from the light receiving means 9 and output an output to one of the inputs of a comparator 18. The counter circuit 11 further comprises an adjusting means 19 to set a reference brightness A for detecting the number of rice grain particles and connected to the the second of two inputs to comparator 18. Counter circuit 11 also comprises a counter 20 connected to the output of comparator 18, a reference clock circuit 21 connected to counter 20, and a digital display means 13 for the rice grain number, which digital display means is connected to the output of counter 20.

Tællerkredsløbet 12 til revnede riskorn omfatter en forstærker 17 til at modtage udgangssignalet fra lysmodtageorganerne 9, en komparator 23 med hvis ene indgang 20 forstærkeren 17 er forbundet, et indstillingsorgan 24 til at indstille enhver ønsket lysstyrke B til detektering af de revnede riskorn, hvilket indstillingsorgan er forbundet med komparatoren 23's anden indgang, en tæller 25 med hvilken udgangen af komparatoren 23 er forbundet, et referen-25 ceklokkredsløb 26, der er forbundet med tælleren 25, samt et digitalt visningsorgan 14 til revnede riskorn, hvilket visningsorgan er forbundet med udgangen af tælleren 25.The cracked rice grain counter 12 comprises an amplifier 17 for receiving the output signal from the light receiving means 9, a comparator 23 to whose input 20 the amplifier 17 is connected, a setting means 24 to set any desired brightness B for detecting the cracked rice grains, which setting means is connected to the second input of comparator 23, a counter 25 to which the output of comparator 23 is connected, a reference clock circuit 26 connected to counter 25, and a digital display means 14 for cracked rice grains, which display means is connected to the output of counter 25th

Et kredsløb, der shunter udgangen af komparatoren 23, er forbundet med en korrektionstæller 27 med hvilken 30 også er forbundet et korrektionsklokkredsløb 28. Udgangen af korrektionstælleren 27 er forbundet med det digitale visningsorgan 14 til revnede riskorn til subtraktion af det antal, der er talt af korrektionstælleren 27, fra indholdet af visningsorganet 14. Det digitale visningsorgan 35 13 til riskornantallet og tælleren 14 til revnede riskorn er forbundet med et digitalt visningsorgan 15, der er til-A circuit shunting the output of comparator 23 is connected to a correction counter 27 to which 30 is also connected a correction clock circuit 28. The output of the correction counter 27 is connected to digital display means 14 for cracked rice grains to subtract the number counted by the correction counter 27, from the contents of the display means 14. The digital display means 35 13 for the rice grain number and the counter 14 for cracked rice grains are connected to a digital display means 15 provided

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7 151067 passet til at vise forholdet mellem antallet af revnede riskornpartikler og det samlede antal riskornpartikler.7 151067 the pass to show the ratio of the number of cracked rice grain particles to the total number of rice grain particles.

Fig. 2 viser funktionsprincippet for apparatet i-følge opfindelsen. Antag her at et afskallet riskorn, et 5 fejlfrit, uafskallet riskorn, et itubrudt uafskallet riskorn, et revnet uafskallet riskorn, et umodent uafskallet riskorn eller et dødt uafskallet riskorn er anbragt i nævnte rækkefølge. Der påtrykkes lys med det formål at aftaste hvert riskorn fra undersiden, således at lysstyrken, der mod-10 tages af lysmodtageorganerne fra hvert riskorn opnås som vist med den fuldt optrukne kurve i fig. 2.FIG. 2 shows the principle of operation of the apparatus according to the invention. Assume here that a peeled rice grain, a 5 flawless, paddy rice grain, a broken paddy rice grain, a cracked paddy rice grain, an immature paddy rice grain or a dead paddy rice grain are arranged in the order in which they are. Light is applied for the purpose of scanning each rice grain from the underside so that the brightness received by the light receiving means from each rice grain is obtained as shown by the fully drawn curve of FIG. 2nd

I fig. 2 viser den punkterede linie A-A referencelysstyrken A, således som den er opnået ved i det væsentlige den midterste del af skyggen af den gennemsigtige del 15 af det fejlfri, uafskallede riskorn, mens en punkteret linie B-B angiver enhver ønsket lysstyrke B svarende til kimen i det uafskallede riskorn og hvide uigennemskinnelige dele af det umodne riskorn og det døde riskorn. Desuden angiver den punkterede linie C-C niveauet for enhver ønsket 20 lysstyrke af skyggen af det afskallede riskorn. Nærmere bestemt angiver symbolet X skyggen af den hvide uigennem-skinneligedel af kimen, Y angiver skyggen af en revnet o-verflade, og Z angiver skyggen af den hvide uigennemskinne-ligedel i et umodent riskorn og et dødt riskorn. Når der 25 er en revne i riskornet, spredes det lys, der transmitteres gennem et sådant riskorn, ved den revnede overflade, hvorved frembringes en kort mørk skygge ved den nedre side af den revnede del af riskornet. En sådan mørk skygge fremkommer for hver revnet overflade. Den hvide uigennemskinnelige 30 del af kimen frembringer en kort mørk skygge, mens den hvide uigennemskinnelige del af det umodne riskorn eller det døde riskorn danner en lang mørk skygge. Det er derfor muligt at skelne mellem disse riskorn og at tælle antallet af partikler af hver art af riskorn ved nøjagtigt 35 at aftaste hver riskornpartikel den ene efter den anden.In FIG. 2, the dotted line AA shows the reference brightness A, as obtained by substantially the middle portion of the shadow of the transparent portion 15 of the flawless paddy rice grain, while a dotted line BB indicates any desired brightness B corresponding to the germ of the paddy rice grains and white opaque portions of the unripe rice grain and the dead rice grain. In addition, the dashed line C-C indicates the level of any desired brightness of the shade of the peeled rice grain. Specifically, the symbol X denotes the shadow of the white opaque body of the germ, Y denotes the shadow of a cracked o-surface, and Z denotes the shadow of the white opaque body of an immature rice grain and a dead rice grain. When there is a crack in the rice grain, the light transmitted through such rice grain is scattered at the cracked surface, thereby producing a short dark shadow at the lower side of the cracked portion of the rice grain. Such a dark shadow appears for each cracked surface. The white opaque portion of the germ produces a short dark shadow, while the white opaque portion of the immature rice grain or the dead rice grain forms a long dark shadow. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish between these rice grains and to count the number of particles of each kind of rice grain by accurately scanning each rice grain particle one after another.

Det bør bemærkes her, at når der er en revne i en ris-It should be noted here that when there is a crack in a rice-

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8 151067 kornpartikel, fremkommer der to eller flere korte mørke skygger for hver sådan revnet riskornpartikel.8 151067 grain particle, two or more short dark shadows appear for each such cracked rice grain particle.

Apparatet ifølge denne udførelsesform, der har den beskrevne udformning, fungerer på den nedenfor be-5 skrevne måde. Referencelysstyrken A indstilles i indstillingsorganet 19, der er forbundet med komparatoren 18 i tællerkredsløbet 11 til tælling af riskornantallet, mens enhver ønsket lysstyrke B indstilles i indstillingsorganet 24, der er forbundet med komparatoren 23 i tæl-10 lerkredsløbet 12 til revnede riskorn. Når derfor apparatet igangsættes, mens der tilføres riskorn i organet 5 for førsel af afskallede eller uafskallede riskorn, løber riskornene ned fra organet 5 på ristilførselsren-den 3. Riskornpartiklerne bringes til at ligge på en li-15 nie langs ristilførselsrenden 3's længde ved anvendelse af vibration, der frembringes af vibratoren 2, og bevæger sig hen over det gennemsigtige vindue 7 ved bunden af ristilførselsrenden 3. Imens påtrykkes lyset ved hjælp af lyskildeorganerne 8 fra den nedre side af det 20 lystransmitterende vindue 7 til riskornet på det lystransmitterende vindue 7, således at en skygge med en lysstyrke svarende til hver riskornpartikels karakter dannes på bagsiden af hver kornpartikel. Denne skygge modtages af lysmodtageorganerne 9, der er anbragt oven over 25 det lystransmitterende vindue 7, og udgangssignalet fra lysmodtageorganerne svarende til hver riskornpartikels skygge transmitteres til både tællerkredsløbet 11 til tælling af riskornantallet og tællerkredsløbet 12 til revnede riskorn. I tællerkredsløbet 11 til tælling af 30 riskornantallet forstærkes detektionssignalet fra lysmodtageorganerne 9 af en forstærker 16 og afgives til komparatoren 18, således at det i sidstnævnte kan sammenlignes med den indstillede værdi A for den referencelysstyrke, der er afledt af indstillingsorganet 19. Kom-35 paratoren 18 frembringer derefter et koincidens- eller fællessignal hver gang der opnås koincidens mellem to 0 9 151067 signaler og afgiver dette tællesignal til tælleren 20.The apparatus of this embodiment, having the configuration described, operates in the manner described below. The reference brightness A is set in the setting means 19 connected to the comparator 18 in the counter circuit 11 for counting the rice grain number, while any desired brightness B is set in the setting means 24 connected to the comparator 23 in the counter circuit 12 for cracked rice grains. Therefore, when the apparatus is switched on while supplying rice grains in means 5 for transporting peeled or peeled rice grains, the rice grains run down from the member 5 on the rice supply channel 3. The rice grain particles are placed on a line along the length of the rice supply channel 3 using vibration produced by the vibrator 2 moving across the transparent window 7 at the bottom of the rice supply trough 3. Meanwhile, the light is applied by means of the light source means 8 from the lower side of the light transmitting window 7 to the rice grain on the light transmitting window 7, thus that a shade with a brightness corresponding to the nature of each rice grain particle is formed on the back of each grain particle. This shadow is received by the light receiving means 9 arranged above the light transmitting window 7, and the output signal of the light receiving means corresponding to each shadow of the particle grain particle is transmitted to both the counting circuit 11 for counting the rice grain number and the counting circuit 12 to cracked rice grains. In the counting circuit 11 for counting the rice grain number, the detection signal from the light receiving means 9 is amplified by an amplifier 16 and is output to the comparator 18 so that in the latter it can be compared with the set value A of the reference brightness derived from the setting means 19. The comparator 18 then generates a coincidence or common signal each time coincidence is obtained between two 0 9 signals and outputs this count signal to counter 20.

Tælleren 20 tæller antallet af klokimpulser, der kommer fra referenceklokkredsløbet 21, mens tællesignalet afgives fra komparatoren 18. Tælleren 20 udsender et signal 5 hver gang tælleren 20 tæller et forudbestemt antal im pulser repræsenterende et helt korn, hvis længde er i det mindste lig med en forud fastsat længdestørrelse. Signalet S-jy der repræsenterer passagen af en hel riskornpartikel, overføres til visningsorganet 13 således, at det samlede 10 antal riskornpartikler, der har en lysstyrke mindre end referencelysstyrken A, og hvis længde i det mindste er lig med den forud fastsatte længdestørrelse og er passeret hen over det lystransmitterende vindue, dvs. de fejlfri riskornpartikler, revnede riskornpartikler, umodne ris-15 kornpartikler og døde riskornpartikler vises på visnings-organet 13.The counter 20 counts the number of clock pulses coming from the reference clock circuit 21 while the counting signal is output from the comparator 18. The counter 20 emits a signal 5 each time the counter 20 counts a predetermined number of pulses representing an entire grain whose length is at least equal to one. predetermined length size. The signal S-yy representing the passage of an entire rice grain particle is transmitted to the display means 13 such that the total number of rice grain particles having a brightness less than the reference brightness A and whose length is at least equal to the predetermined length size and is passed across the light transmitting window, ie. the flawless rice grain particles, cracked rice grain particles, immature rice grain particles and dead rice grain particles are shown on display 13.

Imens forstærkes detektionssignalet fra lysmodtageorganerne 9 i tællerkredsløbet 12 til revnede riskorn af forstærkeren 17, og det forstærkede signal afgives til 20 komparatoren 23. Komparatoren 23 sammenligner dette forstærkede signal med signalet med det forudbestemte lysstyrkeniveau B, der er indstillet af indstillingsorganet 24, og afgiver koincidens- eller tællesignalet hver gang der er koincidens mellem de to signaler til tælleren 25 25. Tælleren 25 tæller antallet af klokimpulser, der kom mer fra referenceklokkredsløbet 26, mens tællesignalet afgives fra komparatoren 23. Tælleren 25 afgiver et spidssignal S2 hver gang den tæller det forudbestemte antal klokimpulser N2, som repræsenterer lysstyrkevariationerne 30 X, Y eller Z med en lysstyrke, som er mindre end den forudbestemte lysstyrke B, og med en bredde i det mindste lig med en forud fastsat bredde. Udgangssignalet fra udgangssiden af komparatoren 23 afgives til korrektionstælleren 27, som tæller antallet af klokimpulser fra kor-35 rektionsreferenceklokkredsløbet 28, mens et tællesignal afgives fra komparatoren 18, og udsender et korrektions- 10 151067 o signal S3 hver gang antallet af de af tælleren 27 optalte klokimpulser når et forud fastsat antal impulser Ν^, modsvarende et tidsforløb, som er lidt længere end den maksimale varighed af lysstyrkevariationen (X) 5 og den ved siden af liggende lysstyrkevariation (Y) i en revnet riskornpartikel, eller mellem de ved siden af hinanden liggende lysstyrkevariationer (Y) og (Y) i et sådant. Korrektionssignalet S., fra tælleren 27 i tilknytning til en hel riskornpartikel og variationssignalet eller -signalerne Sj fra tælleren 25 i tilknytning til den samme riskornpartikel overføres til visningsorganet 14, hvor nummeret på korrektionssignalet - dvs. ét (1) - subtraheres fra antallet af variationssignaler eller S2"· -signaler således, at visningsorganet viser, at en hen 15 over det lystransmitterende vindue 7 passerende riskornpartikel ér en knækket riskornpartikel, når subtraktionsresultatet er én eller mere, og at en hen over det lystransmitterende vindue passerende riskornpartikel ikke er en knækket riskornpartikel, når subtraktionsresul-20 tatet er nul. Visningsorganet 14 tæller og viser således antallet af knækkede riskornpartikler, som passerer hen over det lystransmitterende vindue. Udgangssignalet fra visningsorgnaet 13 i tællerkredsløbet 11 til tælling af riskornantallet og udgangssignalet fra visningsorga-25 net 14 i tællerkredsløbet 12 til revnede riskorn afgives til et digitalt visningsorgan 15, hvor der foretages en aritmetisk operation med henblik på at vise forholdet mellem antallet af revnede riskornpartikler og det samlede antal riskornpartikler.Meanwhile, the detection signal from the light receiving means 9 in the counter circuit 12 to cracked rice grains is amplified by the amplifier 17, and the amplified signal is output to the comparator 23. The comparator 23 compares this amplified signal with the signal at the predetermined brightness level B set by the adjusting means 24 and - or the count signal each time there is a coincidence between the two signals for the counter 25 25. The counter 25 counts the number of clock pulses coming from the reference clock circuit 26 while the count signal is output from the comparator 23. The counter 25 emits a peak signal S2 each time it counts the predetermined number of clock pulses N2 representing the brightness variations 30 X, Y or Z with a brightness less than the predetermined brightness B and having a width at least equal to a predetermined width. The output signal from the output side of comparator 23 is output to the correction counter 27, which counts the number of clock pulses from the correction reference clock circuit 28, while a count signal is output from comparator 18, and emits a correction signal S3 each time the number of counters 27 picked up clock pulses reach a predetermined number of pulses Ν ^, corresponding to a time course slightly longer than the maximum duration of the brightness variation (X) 5 and the adjacent brightness variation (Y) in a cracked rice grain particle, or between those adjacent to each other landscape brightness variations (Y) and (Y) in one. The correction signal S., from the counter 27 associated with an entire rice grain particle, and the variation signal or signals Sj, from the counter 25 associated with the same rice grain particle, is transmitted to the display means 14, where the number of the correction signal - ie. one (1) - is subtracted from the number of variation signals or S2 "signals so that the display means shows that a rice grain particle passing over the light transmitting window 7 is a cracked rice grain particle when the subtraction result is one or more and the light transmitting window passing rice grain particle is not a cracked rice grain particle when the subtraction result is zero, the display means 14 counts and thus shows the number of cracked rice grain particles passing over the light transmitting window.The output signal from the display means 13 in the counter counting circuit 11 the output of display device 14 in the counterclockwise rice grain 12 circuit is output to a digital display device 15, where an arithmetic operation is performed to show the ratio of the number of cracked rice grain particles to the total number of rice grain particles.

30 Dette apoarat kan nemt modificeres til detektering af revnede riskorn mellem afskallede riskorn ved at ændre indstillingsværdierne (spændinger) af referencelysstyrken A og den forudbestemte ønskede lysstyrke B i indstillingsorganerne 19 og 24 i tællerkredsløbet 11 til tælling af ris-35 kornantallet og i tællerkredsløbet 12 til revnede riskorn.30 This apoarate can be easily modified to detect cracked rice grains between peeled rice grains by changing the setting values (voltages) of the reference brightness A and the predetermined desired brightness B in the setting means 19 and 24 of the counter circuit 11 for counting the rice grain number and the counter circuit 12. cracked rice grains.

OISLAND

11 15106711 151067

Som det er blevet beskrevet aftastes overfladen af hver riskornpartikel i apparatet til detektering af revnede riskorn ifølge opfindelsen efter hinanden, således at passagetiden for hver kornpartikel og den lysmængde, der er 5 transmitteret af partiklen, detekteres med henblik på at tillade tælling af det samlede antal riskornpartikler, som har passeret det lystransmitterende vindue. Samtidig detekteres passagetiden og skyggen af hver kornpartikel i form af en kort skygge eller en lang skygge. Som følge her-10 af detekteres den revnede riskornpartikel direkte eller indirekte ved at have en skygge, der består af et antal korte segmenter med mørk skygge, hvorved tælling af antallet af revnede riskornpartikler muliggøres. Det er derfor muligt at opnå fuldautomatisk detektering af revnede riskornpar-15 tikler, hvorved spares arbejde i betydelig grad ved detekteringsarbejdet. Eftersom detekteringen foretages ved . hjælp af ændringen i mængden af lys i hver riskornpartikels skygge, der er opnået ved nøjagtig aftastning af riskornpartiklerne efter hinanden, er det muligt nøjagtigt og hur-20 tigt at udregne og vise forholdet mellem antallet af revnede riskornpartikler og det samlede antal riskornpartikler.As has been described, the surface of each rice grain particle in the apparatus for detecting cracked rice grains of the invention is scanned one after the other, so that the passage time of each grain particle and the amount of light transmitted by the particle is detected to allow counting of the total number. rice grain particles which have passed the light transmitting window. At the same time, the passage time and shadow of each grain particle are detected in the form of a short shadow or a long shadow. As a result, the cracked rice grain particle is detected directly or indirectly by having a shadow consisting of a number of short segments with dark shadow, enabling counting of the number of cracked rice grain particles. Therefore, it is possible to achieve fully automatic detection of cracked rice grain particles, thereby saving work considerably in the detection work. Since the detection is done by. By the change in the amount of light in the shade of each rice grain particle obtained by accurately scanning the rice grain particles one after another, it is possible to accurately and quickly calculate and show the ratio of the number of cracked rice grain particles to the total number of rice grain particles.

Claims

0 151067 Patent claims.

Apparatus for automatically detecting cracked, peeled or peeled rice grains, said apparatus having a rice feed tube (3) having an inlet portion (4) and an outlet portion, means (5) for conveying peeled or paddy rice grains to the inlet portion (4) of the rice supply channel (3) so that the rice grains in the position of use of the apparatus can be passed along the bottom of the rice supply channel (3) towards the outlet part 10 of the rice supply channel (3), a light transmitting window (7) at the bottom of the rice supply channel (3), along the bottom of the rice supply channel (3). ) passed rice grains across the light transmitting window (7), characterized by including: a detection assembly including light source means (8) illuminating each rice grain passing over the light transmitting window (7), light receiving means (9) for receiving the light transmitted through each rice grain passing the light transmitting window (7) to produce a signal representing the light intensity of the d a light transmitted through rice grain, ie. the shadow of the rice grain, and detection circuit means (10) associated with the light receiving means (9) for receiving the signal emitted therefrom to determine the number of brightness variations in the shadow of each rice grain represented by the signal, each detecting at least cracked rice grains, each having at least two brightness variations in the shade.

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection circuit means (10) include counting means adapted to be influenced by the signals from the light receiving means (9) for counting the number of brightness variations in the shadow from each rice grain 35 with a brightness less than one. predetermined brightness level to produce a peak signal corresponding to the number of brightness variations, correction means (27, 28) adapted to be influenced by the signals from the light receiving means (9) to provide a single correction signal for the individual rice grains, and subtraction means associated with the counting means and the correction means (27, 28) for subtracting the single correction signal from the number of peak signals, the subtraction result being at least one when a rice grain is cracked and zero when a rice grain is whole.

Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the subtraction means are arranged to be able to emit a signal when the subtraction result is at least one and that a display means (14) is arranged to be able to count the number of the signals emitted from the subtraction means 15 for determining and displaying the number of cracked rice grains.

Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the detecting circuit means (10) further include setting means (19, 24) for setting the predetermined brightness level to produce a brightness signal representing the brightness level, comparator means (18,23) for receiving the signal from the light receiving means (9) and the brightness signal from the setting means (19, 24) to produce a counting signal when the signal from the light receiving means (9) and the brightness signal are coincident, the reference clock circuit (21, 26) connected to the counting means for transmitting a series of clock pulses thereto, the counting means being adapted to be able to count the number of clock pulses from the reference clock circuits (21,26) from the time the counting signal is emitted from the comparator means (18,23), to provide the peak signal each time the number of pulses counted by the counting means reach a predetermined number of pulses.

Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the correction means (27, 28) include a correction counter (27) connected to the comparator (23) and a correction reference clock circuit (28) connected to the correction counter (27) for transmitting a series of clock signals. impulses thereto, the correction counter (27) being arranged to be able to count the number of clock pulses from the correction reference clock circuit (28) from the time the counting signal is emitted from the comparator (23) to produce the correction signal when the number of the correction counter (27) counted pulses reach a predetermined number of pulses.

Apparatus according to claims 2-5, characterized in that the detecting unit further includes circuit means (11) for counting the number of rice grains, which means are connected to the light receiving means (9) for receiving signals therefrom for counting the number of rice grains of a a predetermined state having a brightness less than another predetermined brightness, and having a length greater than a predetermined length which rice grains have passed through the light transmitting window (7).

Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the circuit means (11) for counting the number of rice grains further include an adjusting means (19) for adjusting the second predetermined brightness level to emit a brightness signal representing the brightness level, further a comparator (18) adapted to receive the signal from the light receiving means (9) and the brightness signal from the adjusting means (19) to provide an additional counting signal when the signal from the light receiving means (9) and the brightness signal from the adjusting means (19) -cidentally, a further counter (20) connected to the comparator (18), a further reference clock circuit (21) connected to the counter (20) for providing a series of clock pulses to the counter (20), the counter (20) being arranged to count the number of clock pulses from the reference clock circuit (21) from the time the counting signal is emitted from the comparator (18 ), for generating a signal representing the passage of one grain of a predetermined state across the light transmitting window (7), and display means (13) associated with the counter (20) for receiving signals from the counter ( 20) to show the number of rice grains of a predetermined state.

Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein claim 6 depends on claim 3, characterized in that the detection unit further includes a display means (15) connected to the display means (13) and a display r and a subscription means (14) for calculation. and showing the ratio of the total number of cracked rice grains counted by the subtraction means (14) to the total number of rice grains counted by the counter (20).