DK150916B

DK150916B - TRACK SPRING ORGAN.

Info

Publication number: DK150916B
Application number: DK483672AA
Authority: DK
Inventors: Karl Gustav Einar Derman; Nils-Erik Bohman
Original assignee: Forsheda Ideutveckling Ab
Priority date: 1971-09-30
Filing date: 1972-09-29
Publication date: 1987-07-13
Also published as: NL171427C; FI59470C; US3817507A; CA971987A; NL171427B; CH547971A; DE2247488A1; JPS5347865B2; NO133657C; DE7235625U; JPS4876354A; NO133657B; IT966095B; AU4721472A; DK150916C; GB1376762A; AU461751B2; FI59470B; NL7213323A; DE2247488B2

Description

i 150916and 150916

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et trækfjederorgan som angivet i krav l's indledning.The present invention relates to a tension spring means as set out in the preamble of claim 1.

Det er ofte ønskeligt at forsyne en til optagelse af trækpåvirkninger tiltænkt line, kæde eller lignende med et 5 fjederelement, således at kraftige ryk i linen eller kæden undgås, eller at linen eller kæden holdes under konstant spænding. Dette er af stor betydning, når for eksempel linen eller kæden anvendes til bugsering eller fortøjning af både og til teltliner.It is often desirable to provide a line, chain or the like intended for absorbing tensile effects with a spring element, so that strong jerks in the line or chain are avoided, or that the line or chain is kept under constant tension. This is of great importance when, for example, the line or chain is used for towing or mooring boats and for tent lines.

10 Af mange årsager er det fordelagtigt at anvende et fjederelement af gummi, blandt andet fordi fjedringsbevægelsen bliver lydløs, og der sker ikke nogen skrabning af for eksempel en båd. På grund af gummiets relativt lave træk- og brudstyrke er det imidlertid svært på sædvanlig måde at 15 forbinde linen eller kæden til gummifjederen.10 For many reasons, it is advantageous to use a spring element made of rubber, partly because the suspension movement becomes silent and there is no scraping of, for example, a boat. However, due to the relatively low tensile and breaking strength of the rubber, it is difficult to connect the line or chain to the rubber spring in the usual way.

Det er opfindelsens formål at tilvejebringe et trækfjeder-organ, ved hvilket dette problem er løst.It is the object of the invention to provide a tension spring means by which this problem is solved.

Opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i krav l's kendetegnende del angivne.The invention is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1.

20 Et sådant trækfjederorgan kan bestå af en gummikrop som fjederelement, idet trækelementet, fortrinsvis en line, strækker sig ind i gummikroppen ved dennes ene ende og dernæst ud på gummikroppens overflade og skruelinjeformet rundt om denne, hvorefter trækelementet igen strækker sig ind i gummikroppen 25 og ud ved dennes modsatte ende, og langs sin bane det i det mindste ved tilstrækkelig behandling, påvirker fjederelemen tet.Such a tension spring member may consist of a rubber body as a spring element, the tension element, preferably a line, extending into the rubber body at one end thereof and then out onto the surface of the rubber body and helically around it, after which the tension element again extends into the rubber body 25 and out at its opposite end, and along its path it at least by adequate treatment, affects the spring element.

2 15Q9162 15Q916

Det er at foretrække, at linen på de steder, hvor den befin- tø sig indø i guiruniicroppon, §r låst fast til denne. Herved sikres det, at trækfjederorganet efter at have været udsat for en trækpåvirkning vender tilbage til sin oprindelige 5 stilling. Linen kan være fastlåst til gummikroppen på en sådan måde, at linen i trækfjederorganets ubelastede tilstand strækker sig rundt om gummikroppen i nogen afstand fra denne.It is preferable that the line in the places where it is located in the guiruniicroppon, §r locked to it. This ensures that the tension spring means, after being subjected to a tensioning effect, returns to its original position. The line may be locked to the rubber body in such a manner that the line in the unloaded condition of the tension spring member extends around the rubber body at some distance therefrom.

Det er endvidere muligt at udforme gummikroppens overflade 10 med et udad åbent og skruelinjeformet spor, hvori linen er anbragt.It is further possible to design the surface 10 of the rubber body with an outwardly open and helical groove in which the line is arranged.

Når trækfjederorganet skal optage store belastninger, er det i særdeleshed hensigtsmæssigt, at trækelementet mellem tilslutningsstederne til fjederelementet strækker sig ind i 15 dette. I denne forbindelse udgøres trækfjederorganet hensigtsmæssigt af en gummikrop, hvori en line langs en del af sin længde er indvulkaniseret, hvorved den i gummiet indvulkaniserede del af linen strækker sig i en sløjfe eller lignende. Sløjfen kan være skruelinjeformet eller sinusformeh Et træk-20 fjederorgan af sidstnævnte udførelse er egnet til bådfortøjning. Ved et trækfjederorgan, hvor trækelementet er beliggende inde i fjederelementet, kan trækelementet også være en lænke eller en kæde, hvis enkelte led ved organets ubelastede tilstand danner en vinkel med hinanden, således at lænken el-25 ler kæden forløber siksakformet inde i fjederelementet.When the tension spring means are to absorb large loads, it is particularly expedient for the tension element between the connection points to the spring element to extend into it. In this connection, the tension spring means is expediently constituted by a rubber body, in which a line is vulcanized along a part of its length, whereby the part of the line vulcanized in the rubber extends in a loop or the like. The loop may be helical or sinusoidal. A tension spring member of the latter embodiment is suitable for boat mooring. In a tension spring member, where the tension element is located inside the spring element, the tension element can also be a link or a chain, the individual links of which, at the unloaded state of the member, form an angle with each other so that the link or chain runs zigzagged inside the spring element.

Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende under henvisningen til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser en udførelsesform for et trækfjederorgan ifølge opfindelsen, 30 fig. 2 endedelen af et fjederelement ved en anden udførelses-form for trækfjederorganet, fig. 3 et længdesnit gennem endedelen af et fjederelement 3The invention is explained in more detail in the following with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a tension spring member according to the invention, fig. 2 shows the end part of a spring element in another embodiment of the tension spring means, fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the end part of a spring element 3

15091V15091V

ved en tredje udførelsesform, fig. 4 et sidebillede af endedelen til et fjederelement ved en fjerde udførelsesform, fig. 5 et længdesnit gennem den i fig. 4 viste endedel og 5 med en derigennem forløbende line, fig. 6 en forstærkningsdel for den i fig. 4 og 5 viste endedel, fig. 7 et længdesnit gennem endedelen af et med en sådan forstærkningsdel forsynet fjederelement, 10 fig. 8 og 9 yderligere udførelsesformer for trækfjederorganet ifølge opfindelsen.in a third embodiment, fig. Fig. 4 is a side view of the end part of a spring element in a fourth embodiment; 5 is a longitudinal section through the device shown in FIG. 4 with a line extending therethrough, FIG. 6 shows a reinforcing part for the device shown in FIG. 4 and 5, fig. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section through the end part of a spring element provided with such a reinforcing part; 8 and 9 show further embodiments of the tension spring means according to the invention.

Det i fig. 1 viste trækfjederorgan kan anvendes for eksempel til fortøjnings- eller bugseringsformål. Organet består af en line 2 af kendt type og et fjederelement 4, der fortrinsvis 15 består af gummi. Fjederelementet 4 er i det væsentlige stavformet og har en cylindrisk midterdel 6 samt to endedele 8 af større diameter end delen 6. Hver endedél 8 er udformet som to keglestubbe med basisfladerne vendende mod hinanden.The device shown in FIG. 1 can be used, for example, for mooring or towing purposes. The member consists of a line 2 of known type and a spring element 4, which preferably 15 consists of rubber. The spring element 4 is substantially rod-shaped and has a cylindrical central part 6 and two end parts 8 of larger diameter than the part 6. Each end part 8 is designed as two frustoconical stubs with the base surfaces facing each other.

Gennem hver endedel 8 strækker der sig et hul 10, hvis to 20 åbninger er beliggende ved henholdsvis en ydre endeflade 11 på en ydre konisk del 12 og den krumme overflade på en indre konisk del 14. I zonen ved endefladen 11 forløber hullet 10 i det væsentlige i alt i fjederelementet 4, medens hullet efterhånden går over i en mere skruelinjeformet bane i retning mod 25 sin anden åbning. Linen 2 strækker sig ind gennem hullet 10 og løber ud påfjederelementeti cylindriske midterdel 6, hvor linen skruelinjeformet strækker sig et ønsket antal omgange rundt om den cylindriske midterdels overflade. Linen går dernæst ind i det andet hul 10 ved fjederelementets anden 30 endedel 8 og ud af denne endedel i aksial retning. Ved træk i linen på hver side af fjederelementet 4 vil de rundt om midterdelen 6 forløbende linevindinger presse denne elastisk sam- 150916 4 men, samtidig med at endedelene 8 trækkes bort fra hinanden og vrides i forhold til hinanden i en sådan retning, at der fremkommer en svag oprulning af lineviklingerne. Herved opnås en fjedervirkning, der således består af en kombination 5 af tryk-, træk- og torsionsnåvirkning af fjederelementet.Extending through each end portion 8 is a hole 10, the two openings of which are located at an outer end face 11 of an outer conical portion 12 and the curved surface of an inner conical portion 14. In the zone at the end face 11, the hole 10 in the substantially in total in the spring element 4, while the hole gradually merges into a more helical path in the direction of its second opening. The line 2 extends in through the hole 10 and runs out on the spring element in the cylindrical central part 6, where the line helically extends a desired number of turns around the surface of the cylindrical central part. The line then enters the second hole 10 at the second end portion 8 of the spring member and exits this end portion in the axial direction. By pulling on the line on each side of the spring element 4, the line windings extending around the middle part 6 will press this elastic joint, at the same time as the end parts 8 are pulled away from each other and twisted relative to each other in such a direction that a slight winding of the line windings. Hereby a spring effect is obtained, which thus consists of a combination 5 of pressure, traction and torsional effect of the spring element.

I fig. 2 vises en anden udførelsesform for fjederelementet.In FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the spring element.

Også dette fjederelement 16 er i det væsentlige stavformet og har en i det væsentlige cylindrisk midterdel 18 samt med større diameter udformede endedele 20, af hvilke kun den e-10 ne er vist. Endedelen 20 er udformet med et hul 22, der forløber vinkelret på fjederelementets symmetri- og længdeakse; linen 2 strækker sig gennem dette hul 22. Fra hullet 22 strækker linen sig skruelinjeformet et ønsket antal gange rundt om den cylindriske midterdel 18 på i det væsentlige 15 samme måde som ved udførelsesformen ifølge fig. 1. Som nævnt er fjederelementet 16 ved sin modsatte ende forsynet med en endedel af samme form som omtalte endedel 20, gennem hvis hul linen forløber. Funktionen af trækfjederanordningen i fig. 2 er i det væsentlige den samme som ved anordningen ifølge fig.This spring element 16 is also substantially rod-shaped and has a substantially cylindrical central part 18 as well as larger diameter end parts 20, of which only one is shown. The end portion 20 is formed with a hole 22 extending perpendicular to the axis of symmetry and longitudinal axis of the spring element; the line 2 extends through this hole 22. From the hole 22 the line extends helically a desired number of times around the cylindrical central part 18 in substantially the same manner as in the embodiment according to fig. As mentioned, the spring element 16 is provided at its opposite end with an end part of the same shape as said end part 20, through whose hollow line extends. The function of the tension spring device in fig. 2 is substantially the same as with the device according to fig.

20 1* I visse tilfælde kan det af styrkemæssige årsager være ønskeligt som vist i fig. 3 at forsyne fjederelementet med endeindsatser af et hårdere materiale, som f. eks. formstof, end den øvrige del af fjederelementet, som kan bestå af gummi. I 25 fig. 3 ses et snit gennem den ene ende af et sådant fjederelement. I en indsats 24 er der udformet et hul 28, der kan have samme forløb som hullet 10 ved udførelsesformen ifølge fig. 1. Hullet 28 er tilsluttet et hul 30 i væggen på gummielementet. Indsatsen 24 er endvidere ved en del 32 indskydelig i en til-30 svarende udboring eller lignende i gummielementets endeflade.In certain cases, for reasons of strength, it may be desirable as shown in fig. 3 to provide the spring element with end inserts of a harder material, such as plastic, than the rest of the spring element, which may consist of rubber. In FIG. 3 shows a section through one end of such a spring element. In a insert 24 a hole 28 is formed which can have the same course as the hole 10 in the embodiment according to fig. The hole 28 is connected to a hole 30 in the wall of the rubber element. The insert 24 is furthermore slidable at a part 32 into a corresponding bore or the like in the end face of the rubber element.

Linen 2 forløber indeni og rundt om det kombinerede fjederelement på samme måde som linerne ved udførelsesformerne i-følge fig. 1 og 2.The line 2 extends inside and around the combined spring element in the same way as the lines in the embodiments according to fig. 1 and 2.

Ved en fjerde udførelsesform for det beskrevne trækfjederorgan 35 er trækelementet, dvs. i det viste tilfælde linen, fast for- 150916 5 bundet med fjederelementet, dvs. gummikroppen, ved enderne af nævnte, fra en ret linje afvigende bane. I fig. 4-7 ses, hvorledes linen kan forbindes med fjederelementet, i det tilfælde man ønsker en fastlåsning af linen i forhold til 5 nævnte fjederelement. Begge fjederelementets endedele er udformet på samme måde, hvorfor kun den ene endedel vises i fig. 4-7. Endedelen på fjederelementet 36 er udformet med tre parallelt forløbende huller 38, igennem hvilke linen 40 forløber i det væsentlige i bugter. Som det fremgår i sær-10 deleshed af fig. 5, er gummimaterialet mellem de to ved hinanden beliggende ender af to ved siden af hinanden beliggende huller fjernet med henblik på dannelse af slidser 42 og 44, således at i det mindste en del af linens tværsnit optages i disse slidser. Ved hullet beliggende nærmest fjederelemen-15 tets ende findes en lignende udskæring 46, og ved hullet beliggende længst fra nævnte frie ende findes en skråt forløbende udskæring 48, der slutter sig til en skruelinje, langs hvilken linen er tænkt at forløbe mellem fjederelementets med huller forsynede endedele.In a fourth embodiment of the described tension spring member 35, the tension element, i.e. in the case shown, the line, fixedly connected to the spring element, i.e. the rubber body, at the ends of said, deviating from a straight line. In FIG. 4-7 show how the line can be connected to the spring element, in case one wants a locking of the line in relation to said spring element. Both end parts of the spring element are designed in the same way, so that only one end part is shown in fig. 4-7. The end portion of the spring member 36 is formed with three parallel holes 38, through which the line 40 extends substantially in bays. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 5, the rubber material between the two adjacent ends of two adjacent holes is removed to form slits 42 and 44 so that at least a portion of the cross-section of the line is received in these slits. At the hole located closest to the end of the spring element 15 there is a similar cut-out 46, and at the hole located furthest from said free end there is an obliquely extending cut-out 48 which joins a helical line along which the line is intended to extend between the holes provided with the spring element. end parts.

20 For at forøge endedelenes styrke kan det være hensigtsmæssigt at forsyne hver af disse med et forstærkningselement 50 af den i fig. 6 viste type. Forstærkningselementet 50 indvulkaniseres i gummiet på den i fig. 7 viste måde, dvs. således at elementet 50’s huller, der er af noget større diameter end 25 hullerne 38 i fjederelementet, kommer til at ligge koncentrisk omkring disse.In order to increase the strength of the end parts, it may be expedient to provide each of these with a reinforcing element 50 of the type shown in fig. 6 shown type. The reinforcing member 50 is vulcanized in the rubber of the type shown in FIG. 7 shown, i.e. so that the holes 50 of the element 50, which are of somewhat larger diameter than the holes 38 in the spring element, come to lie concentrically around these.

Ved den viste tilslutning af linen til fjederelementet opnås en låsning eller fiksering af linen i forhold til fjederelementet, dvs. der sker ikke nogen forskydnig af linen i forhold til fjederelementet, når trækfjederorganet udsættes for en trækkraft. Herved sikres en fuldstændig tilbagegang til udgangsposition, når trækkraften ophører.By the connection shown of the line to the spring element, a locking or fixing of the line in relation to the spring element, i.e. there is no displacement of the line relative to the spring element when the tension spring member is subjected to a tensile force. This ensures a complete return to the starting position when the traction ceases.

Den nævnte, fikserede tilslutning af linen til fjederelementet kan som nævnt, også ske på anden måde, for eksempel derved, at å5 linen tilsluttes fjederelementet ved dettes ender ved hjælp af 150916 6 halvstik.The mentioned, fixed connection of the line to the spring element can, as mentioned, also take place in another way, for instance by the line being connected to the spring element at its ends by means of half-plugs.

I det tilfælde, at linen på denne måde er fastlåset til fjederelementets ender, kan linen strække sig på en sådan måde mellem fjederelementets tilslutningssteder, at linen ved 5 trækfjederorganets ubelastede tilstand befinder sig i nogen afstand fra fjederelementets cylindriske midterdel.In the case that the line is locked to the ends of the spring element in this way, the line can extend in such a way between the connection points of the spring element that the line at the unloaded condition of the tension spring member is at some distance from the cylindrical central part of the spring element.

Ved den i fig. 8 viste udførelsesform for opfindelsen befinder linen 52 sig i et udad åbent og skruelinjeformet spor 54. Herved beskyttes linen effektivt mod beskadigelse. Desuden 10 opnås en noget ændret fjederkarakteristik for trækfjederorganet, idet linen ikke kan forskydes på langs ad fjederelementet. Således vil karakteristikken for trækfjederorganet ifølge fig. 8 være noget mindre progressiv end den for udførelsesformen i fig. 1. Også ved den i fig. 8 viste udfør-15 elsesform kan linen være tilsluttet fjederelementets ender ved hjælp af en udførelsesform af den i fig. 4-7 viste art.In the case shown in FIG. 8, the line 52 is located in an outwardly open and helical groove 54. This effectively protects the line from damage. In addition, a somewhat changed spring characteristic of the tension spring member is obtained, as the line cannot be displaced longitudinally along the spring element. Thus, the characteristic of the tension spring member according to FIG. 8 may be somewhat less progressive than that of the embodiment of FIG. Also at the position shown in FIG. 8, the line can be connected to the ends of the spring element by means of an embodiment of the device shown in fig. 4-7 shown art.

Linen kan være anbragt således i forhold til fjederelementet, at den ved trækfjederorganets ubelastede tilstand befinder sig i nogen afstand fra sporet 54’s bund.The line may be arranged relative to the spring element so that at the unloaded condition of the tension spring means it is at some distance from the bottom of the groove 54.

20 I fig. 9 ses en udførelsesform for organet, der er særligt anvendelig i de tilfælde, hvor trækfjederorganet bliver udsat for store trækkræfter. For eksempel kan dette organ bestå af en line, for eksempel en wire 56, der over en del af sin længde omsluttes af et element 58 af elastisk materiale.In FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the member which is particularly useful in cases where the tension spring member is subjected to large tensile forces. For example, this means may consist of a line, for example a wire 56, which over a part of its length is enclosed by an element 58 of elastic material.

25 Det elastiske materiale består fortrinsvis af gummi, og linen 56 er fortrinsvis indvulkaniseret i gummiet i en skruelin-jeformet bane. Imidlertid kan linen have et andet forløb, der afviger fra en ret linje, som for eksempel en sinusformet bane. I det tilfælde, hvor linen er indvulkaniseret i gummiet, . 30 kræves der normalt ikke nogen særskilt fastlåsning af linen ved gummikroppens ender, men det vil naturligvis også i dette tilfælde være muligt ved hjælp af en eller anden form for låseanordning at tilvejebringe en sikker fastlåsning af linen til gummikroppen ved dennes ender. Et trækfjederorgan af den 35 netop beskrevne art vil ved anvendelsen af normale gummikvaliteter for fjederelementet blive temmelig stift.The elastic material preferably consists of rubber, and the line 56 is preferably vulcanized in the rubber in a helical path. However, the line may have a different course that deviates from a straight line, such as a sinusoidal path. In the case where the line is vulcanized in the rubber,. 30, no separate locking of the line at the ends of the rubber body is normally required, but it will of course also be possible in this case by means of some kind of locking device to provide a secure locking of the line to the rubber body at its ends. A tension spring member of the type just described will become rather rigid when using normal rubber qualities for the spring element.

Claims

150916

1. Coil spring means for e.g. towing or mooring purposes and of the kind consisting of a flexible traction element (2,40,52,56), such as e.g. a line or a chain, and a rubber-elastic spring element (4,16,36,58), wherein the threshing element (2,40,52,56), at at least two places of its length, is connected to the spring element (4,16 36,58), and between these places extends along a path deviating from a straight line, characterized in that the traction element (2,40,52,56) extends between the connecting places in a substantially helical path / along which at least with sufficient load touches and affects the spring element.

A tension spring means according to claim 1, characterized in that the tension element (2,40,52) extends around the spring element.

Tension spring means according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring element (4,16,36) is rod-shaped and has a substantially cylindrical middle part (6,18) and two end parts (8,20) with a larger diameter than said middle part, wherein said end portions at the connection points are formed with holes through which the pulling element extends.

A tension spring means according to claim 2 or 3 k terminated in that the tension element (2,40,52,56) in the unloaded condition of the tension spring means is at some distance from the spring element (4,16,36,58) between said for -25 binding sites.

Tension spring means according to claim 1, characterized in that the tension element (52) extends between the connection points. in an outwardly open and helical groove formed in the spring member (54). 150916

Tension spring means according to claim 5, characterized in that the tension element (52) in the unloaded condition of the tension spring means is located at a certain distance from the bottom of the track.

Tension spring means according to claim 1, characterized in that the tension element (56) extends between the connection points inside the spring element (58) ·

Tension spring means according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tension element (40) is fixedly connected to the spring element (36) at said connection points.

A tension spring means according to claim 8, characterized in that the tension element (40) extends at each of the connection points in a sling or arc-shaped manner through at least two holes formed in the spring element (36) and substantially parallel.

Tension spring means according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring element (36) is provided with reinforcing elements (50) at said connection points.