DK150758B

DK150758B - Device for controlling the flow temperature in an energy supply plant

Info

Publication number: DK150758B
Application number: DK37084A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Lars Hallgreen
Original assignee: Danfoss As
Priority date: 1984-01-27
Filing date: 1984-01-27
Publication date: 1987-06-15
Also published as: DK37084A; DK37084D0; DK150758C

Description

150758150758

Energireguleringsanlæg med et antal forbrugere, fx radiatorer, der hver har en lokal, temperaturafhængig regulator for regulering af forbrugerens energiafgivelse, og omfattende centrale reguleringsmidler til cirkulation af et energiover-5 førende medium og til styring af dettes fremløbstemperatur.Energy control systems with a number of consumers, eg radiators, each having a local temperature-dependent regulator for regulating the consumer's energy delivery, and comprising central control means for circulating an energy transfer medium and for controlling its flow temperature.

Til automatisk styring af et varmeanlægs fremløbstemperatur er det almindeligt at anvende udetemperaturen eller udekli-maet som styringsgrundlag. Sådanne styringer er baseret på den antagelse, at udeklimaet dominerer bygningens varmebe-10 hov, hvilket stort set er korrekt, når det drejer sig om bygninger, der er opført i overensstemmelse med gamle isoleringsnormer. Derimod vil varmebehovet i nye bygninger i langt højere grad være domineret af den gratisvarme, der tilføres eller frembringes i bygningens forskellige rum.To automatically control the flow temperature of a heating system, it is common to use the outdoor temperature or outdoor climate as a control basis. Such controls are based on the assumption that the outside climate dominates the building's heating needs, which is largely correct in the case of buildings constructed in accordance with old insulation standards. In contrast, the heat demand in new buildings will be much more dominated by the free heat supplied or produced in the various rooms of the building.

15 Disse omstændigheder betyder, at der må stilles nye krav til den automatiske kontrol af fremløbstemperaturen, således at der tages hensyn til udeklimaet, den gratisvarme, der tilføres eller frembringes i bygningen, samt bygningens varmeak-kumulerende egenskaber. Styringen af fremløbstemperaturen 20 bør altså bero på det aktuelle behov i hvert enkelt rum.15 These circumstances mean that new requirements must be set for the automatic control of the flow temperature, taking into account the outdoor climate, the free heat supplied or produced in the building, and the heat accumulating properties of the building. The control of the flow temperature 20 should therefore depend on the current needs in each room.

Pra beskrivelsen til USA-patent 4 192 455 (svarende til dansk patentansøgning 1292/78) kendes der et anlæg, hvor fremløbstemperaturen styres i overensstemmelse med det aktuelle behov. Dette anlægs lokale regulatorer er indrettet til 25 at frembringe et elektrisk signal, som repræsenterer regulatorens tilstand, og som via tilhørende ledninger overføres til centrale reguleringsmidler, der er indrettet til at sammenligne alle de modtagne signaler og på basis heraf at regulere fremløbstemperaturen således, at varmebehovet for det 30 mest forbrugende rum netop tilfredsstilles. Dette anlæg har den ulempe, at installationsomkostningerne er meget høje, idet der skal trækkes elektriske ledninger mellem hver af de lokale regulatorer og de centrale reguleringsmidler. Det er velkendt, at sådanne individuelle installationer er ufor- 2 150758 holdsmæssig dyre i nutidens byggeri til sammenligning med præfabrikerede enheder.From the specification of US Patent 4,192,455 (corresponding to Danish patent application 1292/78), a plant is known in which the flow temperature is controlled according to the present need. The local controllers of this plant are arranged to produce an electrical signal representing the state of the regulator and transmitted via associated wires to central regulating means adapted to compare all the received signals and to regulate the flow temperature so as to reduce the heat demand. for the 30 most consuming space just satisfied. This system has the disadvantage that the installation costs are very high, because electrical wiring between each of the local regulators and the central regulating means has to be drawn. It is well known that such individual installations are disproportionately expensive in today's construction as compared to prefabricated units.

Fra dansk patentskrift 119 479 kendes der et anlæg, hvor ovennævnte ledningsforbindelser er undgået, idet anlægget 5 indeholder centrale midler til detektering af den afgivne varmemængde, fx på basis af temperaturdifferencen mellem fremløbs- og returmediet, hvorved der kan opnås en fremløbs-temperaturstyring i overensstemmelse med et gennemsnitsbehov. En sådan gennemsnitsstyring giver klart anledning til 10 fejl, hvis der fx om natten skrues ned for varmen i nogle af bygningens rum, men selv om der tages højde for dette, kan der ved denne gennemsnitsstyring ikke opnås en fremløbstem-peratur, som netop tilfredsstiller behovet i det mest varmeforbrugende rum, hvilket anses som et rimeligt krav til nu-15 tidens reguleringsanlæg.From Danish Patent Specification 119 479 there is known a plant in which the above conduit connections are avoided, the system 5 containing central means for detecting the amount of heat delivered, for example on the basis of the temperature difference between the flow and return medium, whereby a flow temperature control can be obtained in accordance with with an average need. Such average control clearly gives rise to 10 errors if, for example, at night the heat is reduced in some of the building's rooms, but even if this is taken into account, this average control can not achieve a flow temperature which just satisfies the need in the most heat-consuming space, which is considered a reasonable requirement for today's regulators.

Fra de britiske offentliggørelsesskrifter GB 2 043 305A og 2 023 805A kendes der et anlæg, hvor energikilden, fortrinsvis olie- eller gasfyrede kedler, samt cirkulationspumpen styres on/off på basis af den cirkulerende væskemængde i 20 varmesystemet. De centrale reguleringsmidler er indrettet til at stoppe energikilden og cirkulationspumpen, hvis den cirkulerende væskemængde er mindre end et forudbestemt niveau, og endvidere indrettet til med tidsmellemrum kortvarigt at starte cirkulationspumpen for at detektere, om cirkulati-25 onsmængden i varmesystemet i mellemtiden er blevet større end et forudbestemt niveau. Hvis dette er tilfældet, bibeholdes cirkulationspumpen startet, og energikilden aktiveres. Dette anlæg vil fortrinsvis forhindre kortvarige start/ stop-perioder af energikilden ved altid at sikre en vis mi-30 nimal væskecirkulation, når energikilden er aktiv. Derimod vil systemet ikke sikre lavest mulig fremløbstemperatur, idet denne driftstilstand kun kan opnås, hvis reguleringssystemet altid sikrer størst mulig væskecirkulation i den radiator, der er mest belastet. I lighed med reguleringssyste- 3 150758 met kendt fra dansk patentskrift 119 479 er reguleringssystemet i de britiske offentliggørelsesskrifter GB 2 043 205A og 2 023 805A baseret på måling af en tilstandsvariabel, som kun giver informationer om et gennemsnitsbehov. Disse regu-5 leringssystemer er således baseret på et gennemsnitsbehov og ikke på et lokalt energibehov.From British Patent Specifications GB 2,043,305A and 2,023,805A, a plant is known in which the energy source, preferably oil or gas-fired boilers, and the circulation pump are controlled on / off on the basis of the circulating fluid quantity in the heating system. The central regulating means are arranged to stop the energy source and circulation pump if the circulating fluid quantity is less than a predetermined level, and further arranged to briefly start the circulation pump to detect if the circulation volume in the heating system has in the meantime been greater than a predetermined level. If so, the circulation pump is started and the power source is activated. This system will preferably prevent short-term start / stop periods of the energy source by always ensuring some minimum fluid circulation when the energy source is active. On the other hand, the system will not guarantee the lowest possible flow temperature, since this operating state can only be achieved if the control system always ensures the greatest possible fluid circulation in the radiator that is most loaded. Similar to the regulatory system known from Danish Patent Specification 119,479, the regulatory system in British Patent Specifications GB 2,043,205A and 2,023,805A is based on the measurement of a state variable which provides only information on an average need. Thus, these control systems are based on an average need and not on a local energy requirement.

Uanset energikildens beskaffenhed er det et ønske at holde en tilpas lav, men tilstrækkelig fremløbstemperatur, fordi en for høj fremløbstemperatur medfører et større energitab i 10 fordelingsnettet og derved forringer effektiviteten i ethvert energiforsyningsanlæg. I tilfælde af at energikilden er en varmepumpe eller en solfanger, er det endvidere væsentligt at holde en så lav fremløbstemperatur som mulig for at opnå den størst mulige virkningsgrad for energikilden.Regardless of the nature of the energy source, it is a desire to maintain an appropriately low but sufficient flow temperature, because an excessively high flow temperature results in a greater loss of energy in the distribution grid, thereby reducing the efficiency of any energy supply plant. Furthermore, in the event that the energy source is a heat pump or a solar collector, it is essential to maintain as low a flow temperature as possible in order to obtain the greatest possible efficiency of the energy source.

15 Formålet med opfindelsen er at angive et reguleringsanlæg, som medfører den lavest mulige fremløbstemperatur for en tilfredsstillende opvarmning af det mest varmeforbrugende rum, og som er driftsikkert og billigt at installere.The object of the invention is to provide a control system which results in the lowest possible flow temperature for a satisfactory heating of the most heat-consuming space and which is reliable and cheap to install.

Dette formål opnås ved, at anlægget er udformet som angivet 20 i den kendetegnende del i krav 1, idet der herved opnås alle fordele fra den ovennævnte kendte teknik samtidig med, at ingen af den kendte tekniks ulemper forekommer. Afhængigheden af hvert enkelt rums varmebehov, som tages i betragtning ved den fra det nævnte USA-patentskrift kendte detektering 25 af de lokale regulatorers tilstand, kan ifølge opfindelsen nu opnås i forbindelse med et installationsvenligt anlæg, hvor energibehovsinformationen transmitteres via det energioverførende medium. Denne information fremkommer ved, at de lokale regulatorer har indstillinger, som indtages svarende 30 til forskellige reguleringsforløb, og som kun i ét reguleringsforløb kan indtage en indstilling i afhængighed af den lokale temperatur og til indtagelse af andre indstillinger må initieres af tilstandsændringer af varmemediet frembragt 4 150758 af de centrale reguleringsmidler. Herved er det, via de centrale reguleringsmidler, muligt at tvinge de lokale regulatorer til på et bestemt tidspunkt at starte deres reguleringsforløb, således at de centrale reguleringsmidler kan 5 overvåge tidsrummet mellem tilstandsændringerne hidrørende fra, at alle de lokale regulatorer har afviklet deres reguleringsforløb i forhold til det nævnte tidspunkt, og regulere fremløbstemperaturen op, hvis dette tidsrum overskrider en forudbestemt tid, og regulere fremløbstemperaturen ned, 10 hvis dette tidsrum er mindre end en forudbestemt tid.This object is achieved in that the system is designed as set out in the characterizing part of claim 1, thereby obtaining all the advantages of the above-mentioned prior art while none of the disadvantages of the prior art occur. According to the invention, the dependence on the heating needs of each room, which is taken into account by the detection of the state of the local regulators known from said US patent, can now be achieved in connection with an installation-friendly system where the energy demand information is transmitted via the energy transfer medium. This information is obtained by the fact that the local controllers have settings which are taken corresponding to 30 different control cycles, and which can only take one setting depending on the local temperature in one regulation process, and must be initiated by state changes of the heating medium in one setting. 150758 of the central regulators. Hereby, via the central regulators, it is possible to force the local regulators to start their regulating process at a certain time, so that the central regulators can monitor the period between the state changes as a result of all the local regulators having discontinued their regulatory process in relation to to said time, and regulate the flow temperature if this time exceeds a predetermined time, and adjust the flow temperature down, if this time is less than a predetermined time.

Reguleringsanlægget ifølge opfindelsen fungerer bedst, når de lokale regulatorer som anført i krav 2 har diskrete reguleringstilstande. Fortrinsvis benyttes der on/off-ventiler som angivet i krav 3, idet disse ventiler er billige og gi-15 ver anledning til så kraftige ændringer i varmemedie-til-standen, at ændringerne let kan detekteres af de centrale reguleringsmidler.The control system according to the invention works best when the local regulators as stated in claim 2 have discrete control states. Preferably, on / off valves are used as set forth in claim 3, these valves being inexpensive and giving rise to such strong changes in the heat medium state that the changes can be easily detected by the central regulating means.

Reguleringsproceduren i de centrale reguleringsmidler forenkles væsentligt, hvis de lokale regulatorer er indrettet 20 som angivet i krav 4. Specielt kan det danne grundlag for en funktionssikker gennemførelse af reguleringsprocedurerne, hvis de lokale regulatorer er indrettet som angivet i krav 5, idet de lokale regulatorer herved kan initieres ved et tilpas kortvarigt stop af cirkulationspumpen.The control procedure of the central regulators is greatly simplified if the local regulators are arranged 20 as specified in claim 4. In particular, it can form the basis for a functional safe execution of the regulatory procedures if the local regulators are arranged as specified in claim 5, the local regulators thereby can be initiated by a suitable short-term stop of the circulation pump.

25 Indrettes de lokale regulatorer som angivet i krav 6, udvides reguleringsmulighederne væsentligt, idet en første gruppe af lokale regulatorer kan være afhængig af en første forudbestemt tilstandsændring, en anden gruppe af lokale regulatorer kan være afhængig af en anden forudbestemt til-30 standsændring osv.If the local regulators are arranged as set forth in claim 6, the control possibilities are substantially expanded, a first group of local regulators may be dependent on a first predetermined state change, a second group of local regulators may be dependent on a second predetermined state change, etc.

Indrettes de centrale reguleringsmidler som angivet i krav 7, opnås der en simpel og funktionssikker udførelse af den 5 150758 centrale styreanordning. Udvides de centrale reguleringsmidler med en anordning som angivet i krav 8, kan de centrale reguleringsmidler automatisk tilpasse sig de dynamiske forhold i energisystemet ved fx forsøgsvis at tilpasse tidsrum-5 met mellem de af de centrale reguleringsmidler frembragte tilstandsændringer til de dynamiske forhold i energisystemet. Anordningen ifølge krav 8 kan endvidere benyttes til at ændre forholdet mellem tidsmellemrummet og varigheden af de af de centrale reguleringsmidler frembragte ændringer. Af-10 hængigt af de nævnte forhold kan energiafgivelsen for de lokale forbrugere herved begrænses, hvilket er nødvendigt i forbindelse med fx natsænkning af rumtemperaturen i en bolig .If the central control means are arranged as claimed in claim 7, a simple and functional safe embodiment of the central control device is obtained. If the central regulators are expanded with a device as claimed in claim 8, the central regulators can automatically adapt to the dynamic conditions of the energy system by, for example, trying to adapt the period of time between the state changes produced by the central regulators to the dynamic conditions of the energy system. The device according to claim 8 can further be used to change the ratio of the time gap to the duration of the changes made by the central control means. Depending on the conditions mentioned, the energy supply for the local consumers can thereby be limited, which is necessary in connection with, for example, lowering the room temperature in a home.

Ved at indrette de centrale reguleringsmidler som angivet i 15 krav 9 udvides reguleringsmulighederne væsentligt, idet disse foranstaltninger faktisk medfører, at de centrale reguleringsmidler kan regulere et antal grupper af lokale regulatorer på tidsdelingsbasis.By arranging the central regulators as set forth in claim 9, the regulatory possibilities are substantially expanded, since these measures actually mean that the central regulators can regulate a number of groups of local regulators on a time-sharing basis.

Opfindelsen vil blive nærmere forklaret ved den følgende be-20 skrivelse af nogle udførelsesformer, idet der henvises til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et radiatoranlæg i overensstemmelse med en første udførelsesform af opfindelsen, fig. 2 og 3 viser foretrukne enkeltheder ved en regule-25 ringsventil ifølge opfindelsen til anlægget fra fig. 1, fig. 4 viser signalkredsløbsanordningen for den cen trale styring, fig. 5 viser en anden udførelsesform for et radiator- 30 anlæg ifølge opfindelsen, 6 150758 fig. 6 og 7 viser foretrukne enkeltheder ved en reguleringsventil ifølge opfindelsen til anlægget fra fig. 5.The invention will be further explained by the following description of some embodiments, with reference to the drawing, in which: 1 shows a radiator system in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 and 3 show preferred details of a control valve according to the invention for the system of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 shows the signal control device for the central control; FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a radiator system according to the invention; FIG. 6 and 7 show preferred details of a control valve according to the invention to the system of FIG. 5th

Opfindelsen vil først blive nærmere forklaret i forbindelse 5 med det i fig. 1 viste to-strengede radiatoranlæg og vil senere blive forklaret i forbindelse med det i fig. 5 viste et-strengede radiatoranlæg. Det vil kunne forstås, at der i stedet for radiatorer kunne benyttes gulv- eller loftsvarme-flader, eller radiatorerne kunne erstattes af luft/vand-var-10 meflader for luftopvarmning eller andre former for varmefordelings-anlæg. Opfindelsen er fuldt ud effektiv i forbindelse med radiatoranlæg, som er det mest sædvanlige, og som derfor vil blive beskrevet i det følgende.The invention will first be explained in more detail in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1, two-strand radiator systems and will later be explained in connection with the one shown in FIG. 5 shows a single-strand radiator system. It will be appreciated that instead of radiators, floor or ceiling heating surfaces could be used, or the radiators could be replaced by air / water heater surfaces for air heating or other forms of heat distribution systems. The invention is fully effective in connection with radiators which are the most common and will therefore be described in the following.

Det i fig. 1 viste radiatoranlæg er i venstre side forbundet 15 til en ikke vist energikilde, der afgiver varmt radiatorvand til en pumpe 1, som trykker vandet ud gennem en fremløbsledning 2, hvorfra radiatorvandet fordeles til et antal radiatorer, såsom de i figuren viste radiatorer 3, 4. Fra radiatorerne returnerer vandet dels til varmeenergikilden og dels 20 til fremløbsledningen gennem en shuntledning 5 i afhængighed af indstillingen af en shuntventil 6, der styres af en motor 7. Mellem pumpen 1 og radiatorerne er der i fremløbsledningen 2 indskudt en flowindikator 8, der er indrettet til at detektere, hvornår strømningsmængden pr. tidsenhed er mindre 25 end en forudbestemt værdi. Denne information overføres til et centralt styrekredsløb 9, der er indrettet til at styre motoren 7 og pumpen 1. Motoren 7 kører med en tilpas lav hastighed shuntventilen op eller ned afhængig af en op/ned-om-skifter, der styres af det centrale styrekredsløb 9. I for-30 bindelse med hver radiator findes der reguleringsventiler, såsom ventilerne 10, 11, der vil blive nærmere forklaret i forbindelse med fig. 2 og 3.The FIG. 1, the radiator system shown in the left is connected 15 to an energy source (not shown) which delivers hot radiator water to a pump 1, which pushes the water out through a flow line 2, from which the radiator water is distributed to a number of radiators, such as the radiators 3, 4 shown in the figure. From the radiators, the water returns partly to the heat energy source and partly 20 to the flow line through a shunt line 5, depending on the setting of a shunt valve 6 controlled by a motor 7. Between the pump 1 and the radiators, a flow indicator 8 is inserted in the flow line 2. arranged to detect when the flow rate per time unit is less than 25 a predetermined value. This information is transmitted to a central control circuit 9 arranged to control the motor 7 and the pump 1. The motor 7 operates at an adjustable low speed shunt valve up or down depending on an up / down switch controlled by the central control circuit. 9. In connection with each radiator, there are control valves, such as the valves 10, 11, which will be further explained in connection with FIG. 2 and 3.

I fig. 2 er der vist en sådan reguleringsventil, som er ud- 150758 7 formet som en on/off-ventil, og som kun kan åbne, når fjederkraften fra fjederen 16 kan overvinde trykkraften forårsaget af trykforskellen mellem membranrummet 17, der har samme tryk som indløbet 22 via udligningsspalten 21 og ud-5 ligningsdysen 15, og membranrummet 18, der har samme tryk som udløbet 23 via udløbsåbningen 19. Reguleringsventilen i fig. 2 er vist i off-stilling, hvor trykket i membranrummet 17 og dermed også i indløbet 22 er så meget højere end trykket i membranrummet 18 og dermed også i udløbet 23, at den 10 nedadgående trykkraft på membranen 20 forårsaget af trykforskellen er større end fjederkraften forårsaget af fjederen 16. Når trykket mellem indløbet 22 og udløbet 23 og dermed også trykket mellem membranrummene 17 og 18 udlignes, fx ved at stoppe cirkulationspumpen 1, vil membranen 20 ikke være 15 påvirket af nogen trykkraft forårsaget af trykforskelle, og fjederen 16 vil løfte membranen i on-stilling som vist i fig. 3.In FIG. 2, such a control valve is shown which is designed as an on / off valve and which can only open when the spring force from the spring 16 can overcome the pressure caused by the pressure difference between the diaphragm space 17 having the same pressure as the inlet 22 through the equalizing slot 21 and the equalizing nozzle 15, and the diaphragm space 18 having the same pressure as the outlet 23 via the outlet opening 19. The control valve of FIG. 2 is shown in the off position where the pressure in the diaphragm space 17 and thus also in the inlet 22 is so much higher than the pressure in the diaphragm space 18 and thus also in the outlet 23 that the downward compressive force on the diaphragm 20 caused by the pressure difference is greater than the spring force. caused by the spring 16. When the pressure between the inlet 22 and the outlet 23 and thus also the pressure between the diaphragm spaces 17 and 18 is equalized, for example by stopping the circulation pump 1, the diaphragm 20 will not be affected by any compressive force caused by pressure differences and the spring 16 will lift. the membrane in the on position as shown in FIG. Third

Fig. 3 viser et udsnit af reguleringsventilen i on-stilling, hvor varmemediet strømmer gennem indløbet 22, ventilspalten 20 24 til membranrummet 18 og videre gennem udløbsåbningen 19 til udløbet 23. Som vist vil reguleringsventilen i on-stilling nu udligne trykket i membranrummet 17 og trykket i membranrummet 18 gennem udligningsdysen 15 og udligningsspalten 21, således at trykket i membranrummene 17 og 18 er det sam-25 me, og fjederkraften forårsaget af fjederen 16 vil holde membranen 20 i on-stilling. En nedadgående påvirkning af trykstiften 12 vil via medbringeren 13 bevæge membranen 20 mod ventilsædet, og dermed vil udligningsspalten 21 og udligningsdysen 15 udligne trykket i membranrummet 17 med 30 trykket i indløbet 22, således at en nedadgående trykkraft, forårsaget af trykforskellen imellem det høje tryk i membranrummet 17 og det lavere tryk i membranrummet 18 bevæger membranen 20 i off-stilling som vist i fig. 2. Den nedadgående påvirkning af trykstiften 12 foretages af en ikke vist 35 og i og for sig kendt temperaturafhængig aktuator, fx en ra- 8 150758 diatortermostat, som monteres på reguleringsventilen via koblingsflangen 14.FIG. 3 shows a section of the control valve in the on position, where the heating medium flows through the inlet 22, the valve gap 20 24 to the diaphragm space 18 and further through the outlet opening 19 to the outlet 23. As shown, the on-control valve will now equalize the pressure in the diaphragm space 17 and the pressure in the the membrane space 18 through the equalizing nozzle 15 and the equalizing slot 21 so that the pressure in the membrane spaces 17 and 18 is the same, and the spring force caused by the spring 16 will keep the membrane 20 in position. A downward actuation of the pressure pin 12 will, via the carrier 13, move the diaphragm 20 towards the valve seat, and thus the equalizing gap 21 and the equalizing nozzle 15 will equalize the pressure in the diaphragm space 17 with the pressure in the inlet 22, so that a downward compressive force caused by the pressure difference between the high pressure diaphragm space 17 and the lower pressure in diaphragm space 18 move diaphragm 20 in the off position as shown in FIG. 2. The downward actuation of the pressure pin 12 is effected by a temperature-dependent actuator not shown 35, known per se, for example a radiator thermostat, which is mounted on the control valve via the coupling flange 14.

I fig. 4 er signalkredsløbsanordningen for den centrale styring vist, hvor cyklusgeneratoren 25 fortløbende genererer 5 et spændingssignal a med en periode med lav spænding L og en periode med høj spænding H. Fra terminal 26 føres spændingssignalet a til Flip-Flop 46, terminal 55 og til relæspolen 27. Ved lav spænding på terminalen 26 vil relæspolen 27 være strømløs, og en relækontakt 29, der gennem terminalerne 28 10 og 30 via ledninger forbinder varmesystemets cirkulationspumpe 1 med cirkulationspumpens driftsspænding, vil være afbrudt, hvorved cirkulationspumpen er stoppet. Høj spænding på terminal 26 vil strømføde relæspolen 27 og aktivere kontakten 29, hvorved varmesystemets cirkulationspumpe via ter-15 minalerne 28 og 30 og kontakten 29 vil blive tilført driftsspænding og starte. Afhængig af flowindikatoren 8, der via ledninger er tilsluttet terminaler 33 og 35 indikerer "tilstrækkeligt flow" ved åben kontakt og "ikke-tilstrækkeligt flow" ved en sluttet kontakt, kan der via Flip-Flop 46 fore-20 tages tre beslutninger, der indikeres med et spændingssignal på terminal 49. Hvis der, når varmesystemets cirkulationspumpe sættes i drift, dvs. når spændingen på terminal 26 bliver høj, ikke er tilstrækkelig væskecirkulation, vil flowindikatorens kontaktfunktion forblive sluttet, og via 25 terminal 48, 35, flowindikatorens sluttede kontakt, terminal 33 og modstanden 32 føres høj spænding til schmidt-trigge-rens 42 indgangsterminal 41, hvorved også spændingsniveauet på terminal 43 og 44 er høj, således at spændingsniveauet på terminal 49 vil forblive uændret, og relæet 40 forbliver i 30 sin tidligere tilstand. Hvis der er tilstrækkelig væskecirkulation i varmesystemet, når terminal 26 er på høj spænding, og cirkulationspumpen er startet, vil flowindikatorens kontaktfunktion åbne og afbryde forbindelsen mellem terminal 33 og 35, hvorved kondensatoren 31 vil blive afladet gennem 35 modstanden 34 og give lav spænding på terminal 41, hvorved 9 150758 schmidt-triggerens udgangsterminal 43 og terminal 44 vil gå på lav spænding. Denne tilstandsændring fra høj spænding til lav spænding på terminal 44 vil ifølge funktionsdiagrammet b ikke ændre tilstanden på terminal 49. Ophører cirkulationen 5 i varmesystemet, før terminal 26 er faldet tilbage på lav spænding, og cirkulationspumpen er stoppet, vil flowindika-torens kontaktfunktion slutte forbindelse mellem terminal 33 og 35, og høj spænding 48 vil via terminal 35, flowindikato-rens sluttede kontakt, terminal 33 og modstanden 32 oplade 10 kondensatoren 31, således at schmidt-triggeren 42 ændrer spændingstilstand på terminal 43 fra lav til høj spænding, hvorved terminalen 49 enten vil bibeholde en høj spænding eller ændre tilstand fra lav til høj spænding og dermed strømføde relæet 40, der aktiverer kontakten 38, og give 15 forbindelse mellem terminal 36 og 39, der via ledningsforbindelser til blandingsventilens motor 7 driver ventilmotoren til med tilpas lav hastighed at åbne for ventilporten med retur-varmemediet og lukke for ventilporten med varmeme-diet fra varmeforsyningskilden. Schmidt-triggerens 42 til-20 standsændring fra lav til høj spænding vil samtidig bevirke, at der i kredsløbsanordningen 51, 52 og 53 genereres en positiv spændingsimpuls på AND-gatens 54 ene indgangsterminal, og høj spænding vil via terminal 26 være tilført AND-gatens anden indgangsterminal, hvorved der afgives en positiv spæn-25 dingsimpuls på AND-gatens udgangsterminal og dermed på cyklusgeneratorens preset-terminal 56, der aktiverer cyklusgeneratoren 25 til at påbegynde en ny cyklus med en periode med lav spænding på terminal 26 efterfulgt af en periode med høj spænding. Hvis flowindikatoren indikerer cirkulation i 30 varmesystemet under hele terminalens 26 høje spændingsperiode og dermed under hele cirkulationspumpens driftsperiode, vil flowindikatoren under hele perioden afbryde forbindelsen mellem terminal 33 og 35, hvorved schmidt-triggerens 42 indgangsterminal 41 og dens udgangsterminal 43 samt Flip-Flop'-35 ens terminal 44 dermed er på lav spænding, vil relæet 27, når terminal 26 og dermed terminal 55 og AND-gatens 54 ene 10 150758 indgangsterminal går på lav spænding, bryde kontakten 29, og cirkulationspumpen vil stoppe. Når cirkulationspumpen er stoppet, vil flowindikatoren indikere "ingen cirkulation" ved at slutte forbindelse mellem terminal 33 og 35, og en 5 høj spænding 48 vil nu gennem modstanden 32 oplade kondensatoren 31, og schmidt-triggerens udgang 43 vil ændre tilstand fra lav til høj spænding og bevirke samme tilstandsændring på terminal 44, der aktiverer Flip-Flop'ens udgangsterminal 49 til at bibeholde en lav spænding eller ændre tilstand fra 10 høj til lav spænding, hvorved relæet 40 bliver strømløst, og kontakten 38 vil slutte forbindelse mellem terminalerne 37 og 39, der via ledningsforbindelser til blandeventilens motor driver ventilmotoren til med tilpas lav hastighed at åbne for ventilporten med varmemedie fra varmeforsyningen og 15 lukke for ventilporten med retur-varmemediet.In FIG. 4, the signal control device for the central control is shown, where the cycle generator 25 continuously generates 5 a voltage signal a with a low voltage period L and a period of high voltage H. From terminal 26, the voltage signal a is fed to Flip-Flop 46, terminal 55 and to the relay coil. 27. At low voltage on terminal 26, relay coil 27 will be powerless and a relay contact 29 connecting through terminals 28 10 and 30 via wires to the circulation pump 1 of the heating system with the operating voltage of the circulation pump will be disconnected, thereby stopping the circulation pump. High voltage on terminal 26 will power the relay coil 27 and activate switch 29, whereby the heating system circulation pump via terminals 28 and 30 and switch 29 will be supplied with operating voltage and start. Depending on the flow indicator 8 connected via wires to terminals 33 and 35 indicating "sufficient flow" at open contact and "insufficient flow" at a closed contact, three decisions can be made via Flip-Flop 46 indicating with a voltage signal at terminal 49. If, when the heating system circulation pump is put into operation, i. when the voltage at terminal 26 becomes high, there is insufficient fluid circulation, the flow indicator's contact function will remain closed, and via 25 terminal 48, 35, the flow indicator's closed contact, terminal 33 and resistor 32, a high voltage is applied to the input terminal 41 of the schmidt trigger 42 also the voltage level of terminals 43 and 44 is high so that the voltage level of terminal 49 will remain unchanged and relay 40 will remain in its previous state. If there is sufficient liquid circulation in the heating system when terminal 26 is at high voltage and the circulation pump is started, the flow indicator contact function will open and disconnect terminal 33 and 35, thereby discharging capacitor 31 through resistor 34 and providing low voltage at terminal 41, whereby the output terminal 43 and terminal 44 of the schmidt trigger will go on low voltage. This change of state from high voltage to low voltage at terminal 44, according to function diagram b, will not change the state of terminal 49. If the circulation 5 in the heating system ceases before terminal 26 has fallen back to low voltage and the circulation pump is stopped, the flow indicator contact function will terminate. between terminal 33 and 35, and high voltage 48 will, via terminal 35, the closed indicator of the flow indicator, terminal 33 and resistor 32 charge capacitor 31, so that the schmidt trigger 42 changes the voltage state of terminal 43 from low to high voltage, whereby the terminal 49 will either maintain a high voltage or change the state from low to high voltage, thus supplying the relay 40 which activates switch 38, and provide 15 connection between terminal 36 and 39 which, via wiring connections to the mixing valve motor 7, drives the valve motor to a suitably low speed. to open the valve port with the return heating medium and close the valve port with the heating medium from v arms supply source. At the same time, the Schmidt trigger 42 to 20 state change from low to high voltage will cause a positive voltage pulse to be generated at the single input terminal of AND gate 54 in the circuit device 51, 52 and 53 and high voltage will be supplied via terminal 26 via terminal 26 a second input terminal, thereby providing a positive voltage pulse at the AND gate output terminal and thus at the cycle generator preset terminal 56 which activates cycle generator 25 to begin a new cycle with a low voltage period at terminal 26 followed by a period of high voltage. If the flow indicator indicates circulation in the heating system during the entire high voltage period of the terminal 26 and thus throughout the operating period of the circulation pump, the flow indicator during the entire period will interrupt the connection between terminals 33 and 35, whereby the input terminal 41 of the schmidt trigger 42 and its output terminal 43 Thus, if the terminal 44 of the same terminal 44 is at low voltage, the relay 27, when terminal 26 and thus terminal 55 and AND gate 54's input terminal goes on low voltage, will break contact 29 and the circulation pump will stop. When the circulation pump is stopped, the flow indicator will indicate "no circulation" by connecting terminals 33 and 35, and a high voltage 48 will now charge through capacitor 32 and capacitor 31 output and the schmidt trigger output 43 will change from low to high state. voltage and cause the same state change on terminal 44 which activates the output terminal 49 of the flip-flop to maintain a low voltage or change state from 10 high to low voltage, thereby relaying 40 and the contact 38 connecting the terminals 37 and 39, which via wiring connections to the mixing valve motor drives the valve motor to open at a suitably low speed for the valve port with heating medium from the heat supply and 15 to close the valve port with the return heating medium.

Anlægget i fig. 5 er et-strenget og indeholder foruden den allerede nævnte cirkulationspumpe 60 et antal radiatorer 66, 67, der hver er forbundet til fremløbsledningen via reguleringsventiler 64, 65 af den i fig. 6 og 7 viste art, svaren- 20 de til de i forbindelse med fig. 2 og 3 omtalte ventiler.The system of FIG. 5 is one-stranded and contains, in addition to the circulation pump 60 already mentioned, a number of radiators 66, 67, each connected to the supply line via control valves 64, 65 of the one shown in FIG. 6 and 7, similar to those shown in FIG. 2 and 3 valves mentioned.

Anlægget indeholder endvidere en shuntventil 61, der er styret af en motor 58, og et centralt styrekredsløb 59, der er indrettet til at styre pumpen 60 og motoren 58 i afhængighed af temperaturdetektorer 62, 63 i henholdsvis fremløbslednin-25 gen og returledningen.The system further includes a shunt valve 61 controlled by a motor 58 and a central control circuit 59 adapted to control the pump 60 and the motor 58 in dependence of temperature detectors 62, 63 in the supply line and the return line, respectively.

I fig. 6 og 7 er der vist en udførelsesform af en reguleringsventil til brug i forbindelse med det i fig. 5 viste et-strengede radiatoranlæg. Reguleringsventilen i fig. 6 og 7 er en, fx ved hjælp af en termostat, styrbar to-vejs-ven- 30 til, hvis virkemåde i stor udstrækning svarer til virkemåden af reguleringsventilen i fig. 2 og 3. Reguleringsventilen i fig. 6 og 7 adskiller sig fra reguleringsventilen i fig. 2 og 3 ved, at den er forsynet med en bypass-port 80. I åben tilstand (fig. 7) vil varmemediet strømme via tilgangen 78, 11 150758 ventilspalten 83, udløbsåbningen 75 og udløbet 79 til radiatoren, og bypass-porten 80 vil være lukket af ventilkeglen 81. En nedadgående påvirkning af trykstiften 68 vil lukke for membranventilen 77 og åbne bypass-porten 80, således at 5 varmemediet nu via tilgangen 78, bypass-porten 80 og bypass-udløbet 82 strømmer uden om radiatoren. I lukket tilstand (fig. 6) vil membranventilen være påvirket af samme tryktilstande som beskrevet i forbindelse med reguleringsventilen i fig. 2 og 3, således at membranventilen 77 kun kan åbnes, 10 når trykket udlignes mellem membranrummene 73 og 74.In FIG. 6 and 7 there is shown an embodiment of a control valve for use in connection with the one shown in FIG. 5 shows a single-strand radiator system. The control valve of FIG. 6 and 7 is a two-way controllable, for example by means of a thermostat, the operation of which largely corresponds to the operation of the control valve in fig. 2 and 3. The control valve of FIG. 6 and 7 differ from the control valve of FIG. 2 and 3 in that it is provided with a bypass port 80. In the open state (Fig. 7), the heating medium will flow through the inlet 78, the valve slot 83, the outlet opening 75 and the outlet 79 to the radiator, and the bypass port 80 will be closed by valve cone 81. A downward action of pressure pin 68 will close the diaphragm valve 77 and open bypass port 80 so that the heating medium now flows through the inlet 78, bypass port 80 and bypass outlet 82 outside the radiator. In the closed state (Fig. 6), the diaphragm valve will be affected by the same pressure states as described in connection with the control valve of Figs. 2 and 3 so that the diaphragm valve 77 can only be opened when the pressure is equalized between the diaphragm compartments 73 and 74.

Virkemåden for det centrale styrekredsløb 59 svarer i stor udstrækning til virkemåden for det centrale styrekredsløb 9 (fig. 1), hvis funktion fremgår af fig. 4. Den eneste ændring er, at flow-kriteriet fra fig. 4 er erstattet af et 15 temperatur-kriterium, der kan slutte en kontakt forbundet via ledninger til terminal 33 og 35, når temperaturforskellen mellem fremløbs- og returvandet bliver mindre end en forudbestemt værdi. Denne tilstand indikerer nemlig, at alle reguleringsventiler i anlægget er i omløbsstillingen, og at 20 der dermed ikke er cirkulation gennem radiatorerne.The operation of the central control circuit 59 corresponds to a large extent to the operation of the central control circuit 9 (Fig. 1), the function of which is shown in Figs. 4. The only change is that the flow criterion of FIG. 4 is replaced by a temperature criterion which can connect a contact connected via wires to terminals 33 and 35 when the temperature difference between the flow and return water becomes less than a predetermined value. This condition indicates that all control valves in the system are in the circulation position and that there is thus no circulation through the radiators.

De ovenfor beskrevne eksempler angiver en meget simpel anvendelse af princippet ifølge opfindelsen. Opfindelsen indebærer imidlertid muligheder for en meget differentieret regulering af et større antal lokale regulatorer, idet de lo-25 kale regulatorer kan initieres fra de centrale reguleringsmidler. Nedenfor vil der kort blive omtalt nogle mere avancerede anvendelser af opfindelsen.The examples described above indicate a very simple application of the principle of the invention. However, the invention provides opportunities for a very differentiated regulation of a greater number of local regulators, since the local regulators can be initiated from the central regulators. Below, some more advanced uses of the invention will be briefly discussed.

Det centrale reguleringskredsløb fra fx fig. 1 kunne være indrettet således, at det for initiering af en første gruppe 30 af lokale regulatorer standser cirkulationspumpen som beskrevet ovenfor. En anden del af de lokale regulatorer kan være indrettet således, at de kun er følsomme over for et forudbestemt mønster af flere pumpestart/stop-operationer 12 150758 inden for et forudbestemt tidsrum. Derved er det muligt at initiere de lokale regulatorer gruppevis.The central control circuit from e.g. 1 could be arranged so as to initiate a first group of local regulators 30, the circulation pump stops as described above. Another portion of the local controllers may be arranged so that they are only sensitive to a predetermined pattern of multiple pump start / stop operations within a predetermined period of time. This makes it possible to initiate local regulators in groups.

De cyklusperioder, der anvendes i det centrale styrekredsløb, fig. 4, behøver naturligvis ikke at være konstante, men 5 kan være manuelt eller automatisk indstillelige, fx i afhængighed af varmefordelings-anlæggets træghed.The cycle periods used in the central control circuit, FIG. 4, of course need not be constant, but 5 can be manually or automatically adjustable, for example, depending on the inertia of the heat distribution system.

Det vil kunne forstås, at anlægget ifølge opfindelsen til regulering af fremløbstemperaturen kunne kombineres med midler til beregning af energikildens nyttevirkning. Fremløbs-10 temperaturen kunne kombineres således, at fremløbstemperaturens nedre grænse er bestemt som ovenfor beskrevet, mens den optimale fremløbstemperatur er bestemt af beregningsmidlerne, hvis disse angiver en fremløbstemperatur, der er større end nævnte nedre grænse.It will be appreciated that the plant according to the invention for controlling the flow temperature could be combined with means for calculating the utility of the energy source. The flow temperature could be combined such that the lower limit of the flow temperature is determined as described above, while the optimal flow temperature is determined by the calculation means if these indicate a flow temperature greater than said lower limit.

15 Endvidere vil det kunne forstås, at den viste shuntventil i fig. 1 og 5 kan udelades, idet anlægget ifølge opfindelsen til regulering af fremløbstemperaturen lige så vel kan anvendes direkte på energikilden.Further, it will be appreciated that the shunt valve shown in FIG. 1 and 5 can be omitted, since the system according to the invention for regulating the flow temperature can also be used directly on the energy source.

Claims

150758

An energy control system with a number of consumers, e.g. radiators (3f 4? 66, 67), each having a local, temperature-dependent regulator (10, 11? 64, 65) for controlling the energy supply of the consumer, and comprising central regulators ( 6, 7, 8, 9? 58, 59, 60, 61) for circulating an energy transferring medium and for controlling its flow temperature, characterized in that the local regulators have settings which can be taken consecutively in successive regulation. -10 course that one setting can be made depending on the local temperature and that other settings must be initiated depending on a change of state of the heating medium that the central control means (6, 7, 8, 9; 58, 59, 60 , 61) is arranged to change the heat medium state to cause initiation of all local regulators (10, 11? 64, 65) for resetting their control state to the initiation of a new regulatory process, and that said control means have are time measuring means for recording the period from said state change occurrence to the time when all local regulators have completed their control process and which control means are arranged to regulate the flow temperature on the basis of said time period.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the local regulators (10, 11? 64, 65) have a number of discrete control states.

Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the local controllers (10, 11? 64, 65) are on / off valves.

System according to claim 3, characterized in that the 15075! local valves (10/11; 64/65) are arranged to open only at a predetermined state of the heating medium.

System according to claim 4, characterized in that the local valves (10, 11; 64, 65) can only open when the differential pressure across the valves is less than a predetermined pressure.

System according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the local regulators (10, 11; 64, 65) can be initiated in response to a plurality of state changes produced by the central control means (6). , 7, 8, 9; 58, 59, 60, 61).

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the central control means (6, 7, 8, 9; 58, 59, 60, 61) are arranged to briefly stop the circulation pump of the energy system 15 depending on the expiry of a predetermined period of time. last stopping of said circulation pump or as a consequence of the circulation in the consumers of the energy system being less than a predetermined value and adapted to increase the flow temperature, 20 if the period between said stop pump cycles is greater than or equal to a predetermined time and lowers the flow temperature if the period between said stop periods is less than a predetermined period.

System according to claim 7, characterized in that the central control means (6, 7, 8, 9; 58, 59, 60, 61) have a device adapted to automatically or manually change both the time interval and the duration of the control. of the central regulators (6, 7, 8, 9; 58, 59, 30 60, 61) produced changes in the heat medium state.

Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that