DK150278B - SIGNIFICANT DEVICE INTENDED TO ENTER INTO A PNEUMATIC REGULATION SYSTEM - Google Patents
SIGNIFICANT DEVICE INTENDED TO ENTER INTO A PNEUMATIC REGULATION SYSTEM Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK150278B DK150278B DK462080AA DK462080A DK150278B DK 150278 B DK150278 B DK 150278B DK 462080A A DK462080A A DK 462080AA DK 462080 A DK462080 A DK 462080A DK 150278 B DK150278 B DK 150278B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- pressure
- pneumatic
- nozzle
- enter
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B5/00—Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or vice versa; Varying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities
- F15B5/003—Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or vice versa; Varying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities characterised by variation of the pressure in a nozzle or the like, e.g. nozzle-flapper system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
- G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
- G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
Description
1 1502781 150278
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en signalomsættende enhed beregnet til at indgå i et pneumatisk reguleringssystem og tjenende til at omsætte et på enhedens indgang modtaget elektrisk reguleringssignal til et pneumatisk signal, som afgives på enhedens udgang, og hvis værdi skal være proportional med reguleringssignalets værdi, omfattende et tungeformet piezoelektrisk element, som påtrykkes en spænding, som afhænger af reguleringssignalet, således at elementet får en udbøjning til siden, som varierer med spændingen, en pneumatisk ledning med et rum, som tilføres trykluft via en indsnævring, og fra hvilket trykluft afledes gennem en dyse, der er anbragt ved det piezoelektriske elements ene side, således at lufttrykket i rummet bliver reguleret af det piezoelektriske element som en funktion af den nævnte spænding, og en fra rummet gående udgangsledning, som til reguleringssystemet overfører det regulerede lufttryk som det nævnte pneumatiske signal, hvorhos der til udgangsledningen er koblet en tryk måler , som er indrettet til at danne et til det regulerede lufttryk svarende elektrisk signal, som tilbagekobles til enhedens indgang.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a signal transducer intended to be incorporated into a pneumatic control system and to convert an electrical control signal received at the input of the device into a pneumatic signal output at the output of the device, the value of which is proportional to the value of the control signal comprising tongue-shaped piezoelectric element which is applied to a voltage which depends on the control signal, so that the element receives a lateral deflection which varies with the voltage, a pneumatic conduit with a space which is supplied with compressed air via a constriction and from which compressed air is discharged through a nozzle. arranged at one side of the piezoelectric element so that the air pressure in the room is regulated by the piezoelectric element as a function of said voltage, and an output current passing through the room which transmits to the control system the regulated air pressure as said pneumatic signal, wherever there is coupling to the output line easily a pressure gauge adapted to generate an electrical signal corresponding to the regulated air pressure which is fed back to the unit's input.
En signalomsættende enhed i det væsentlige af denne art kendes fra DE-OS 16 73 475, som dog ikke omhandler den ellers kendte tilbagekobling mellem den pneumatiske signaludgang og enhedens indgang.Kendte signalomsættende enheder arbejder i mange tilfælde ikke med tilstrækkelig nøjagtighed. Således vil sådanne faktorer som den piezoelektriske tunges temperaturafhængighed, ulinearitet, hy-sterese og langtidsinstabilitet hos udbøjningskraften som funktion af det elektriske styresignal påvirke nøjagtigheden i omsætningen fra elektrisk styresignal til fluidum-trykværdi.A signal transducer unit of this nature is known from DE-OS 16 73 475, which does not, however, deal with the otherwise known feedback between the pneumatic signal output and the device input. Known signal transducer units in many cases do not work with sufficient accuracy. Thus, such factors as the temperature dependence, non-linearity, hysteresis and long-term instability of the deflection force as a function of the electrical control signal such as the piezoelectric tongue will affect the accuracy of the conversion from electrical control signal to fluid pressure value.
Temperaturafhængigheden, som hidrører fra tungens piezokrystaller, og vanskeligheder ved at opnå en god indfæstning af disse, medfører en fejl i størrelsesordenen 150273 2 0,05 - 0,5% pr. °C. Hysteresen, som indebærer, at tungen for en og samme styresignalværdi får forskellige udbøjnin-ger i afhængighed af, om den nævnte værdi nås med voksende eller mindskende styresignalværdi, kan nå op til ca. 20%, og det kan tage op til 20 timer for tungen at indtage en entydig, stabil udbøjningsstilling svarende til en vis styresignalværdi. Også langtidsstabiliteten hænger sammen med tungens mekaniske opbygning. De fejl, som opstår som følge af manglende langtidsstabilitet er imidlertid vanskelige at skelne fra dem, som hidrører fra hysterese.The temperature dependence resulting from the piezo crystals of the tongue, and difficulties in obtaining a good attachment thereof, result in an error of the order of magnitude 0.05 to 0.5% per annum. ° C. The hysteresis, which means that the tongue for one and the same control signal value, receives different bends depending on whether the said value is reached with increasing or decreasing control signal value, can reach up to approx. 20%, and it may take up to 20 hours for the tongue to occupy a unique, stable deflection position corresponding to a certain control signal value. Also the long-term stability is related to the mechanical structure of the tongue. However, the errors that arise from lack of long-term stability are difficult to distinguish from those resulting from hysteresis.
Især i procesindustrien findes der behov for anordninger, som med stor nøjagtighed formår at frembringe en omsætning af ovennævnte art, men med hidtil kendte anordninger har man kun formået at reducere indvirkningen af de nævnte faktorer, og man har derfor ikke opnået tilstrækkelig stor nøjagtighed.Particularly in the process industry there is a need for devices which can produce with great accuracy a turnover of the above-mentioned kind, but with previously known devices it has only been possible to reduce the impact of the aforementioned factors and therefore not sufficient accuracy has been obtained.
Formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse er at anvise en signalomsætter af den omhandlede art, som formår med stor nøjagtighed at omsætte et elektrisk styresignal til en modsvarende pneumatisk trykværdi, hvilken signalomsætter ikke har ovennævnte ulemper.The object of the present invention is to provide a signal converter of the present invention, which is able to convert with great accuracy an electrical control signal to a corresponding pneumatic pressure value, which signal converter does not have the above disadvantages.
Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved den i kravet anviste udformning.This is achieved according to the invention by the design according to the claim.
For fuldstændighedens skyld skal det anføres, at det fra DE-AS 15 88 245 i en noget anden sammenhæng ved en elektropneumatisk regulator er kendt at sammenligne det elektriske styresignal og det tilbagekoblede elektriske signal og på basis af disse at danne et differenssignal. Yderligere ligheder med den anviste signalomsættende enhed' forekommer ikke, da det nævnte fremlæggelsesskrift åbenbarer en regulator med et elektromagnetisk dyse-pral-pladesystem.For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that from DE-AS 15 88 245 in a somewhat different context of an electropneumatic regulator it is known to compare the electrical control signal and the feedback electrical signal and to generate a difference signal on the basis thereof. Further similarities to the signal transducer provided do not occur, as said presentation disclosure discloses a regulator with an electromagnetic nozzle-plate plate system.
3 1502783 150278
Opfindelsen skal i det følgende forklares nærmere i forbindelse med tegningen, hvor fig. 1 skematisk og delvis i blokskemaform viser en signalomsættende enhed ifølge opfindelsen til omsætning af et elektrisk styresignal til en modsvarende pneumatisk trykværdi, en såkaldt I/P-omsætter, og fig. 2 i blokskemaform en alternativ udførelsesform for en signalomsætter ifølge opfindelsen.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be explained in more detail in connection with the drawing, in which 1 is a schematic and partial block diagram form showing a signal transducer unit according to the invention for converting an electrical control signal to a corresponding pneumatic pressure value, a so-called I / P converter, and FIG. 2 in block diagram form an alternative embodiment of a signal converter according to the invention.
På tegningen er 1 en til en pneumatisk trykkilde 2 forbundet ledning, som udmunder i en dyse 3· Mellem trykkilden 2 og dysen 3 findes i den nævnte rækkefølge en indsnævring 4 og en pneumatisk trykudgang 5. Ved hjælp af trykkilden frembringes et pneumatisk tryk i et rum la mellem dysen 3 og indsnævringen 4 i ledningen 1. Ved dysen 3 er anbragt et for elektrisk signalpåvirkning følsomt piezo-elektrisk element 6, hvis fra dysen vendte ende er fast indspændt. Elementets 6 mod dysen 3 vendte side er således udformet, at der mellem elementet og dysen opstår en spalte, gennem hvilken luften kan strømme ud. Ved hjælp af den elektriske signalpåvirkning kan elementet 6 bringes til at bevæge sig mod eller bort fra dysen 3 i afhængighed af signalets styrke og polaritet, hvorved spalten mellem elementet og dysen mindskes eller øges. På denne måde kan luftens udstrømning gennem dysen 3 påvirkes, og derved kan det pneumatiske tryk i rummet la og på trykudgangen 5 styres. Dette tryk, som kan anvendes som styretryk for en pneumatisk forstærker eller et cylinder-stempelaggregat, er på tegningen markeret med P. Hvis der ikke træffes andre foranstaltninger, ville, som indledningsvis forklaret, nøjagtigheden ved en sådan styring af det pneumatiske tryk påvirkes i negativ retning af flere faktorer.In the drawing, 1 is a conduit connected to a pneumatic pressure source 2, which opens in a nozzle 3 · Between the pressure source 2 and the nozzle 3 there is in the said order a constriction 4 and a pneumatic pressure outlet 5. By means of the pressure source a pneumatic pressure is generated in a a space 1a between the nozzle 3 and the constriction 4 in the conduit 1. At the nozzle 3 is arranged a piezoelectric sensitive element 6 which is sensitive to electrical signal, the end of which is turned from the nozzle firmly clamped. The side of the element 6 facing the nozzle 3 is designed so that a gap is formed between the element and the nozzle through which the air can flow out. By means of the electrical signal actuation, the element 6 can be made to move towards or away from the nozzle 3 depending on the strength and polarity of the signal, thereby reducing or increasing the gap between the element and the nozzle. In this way, the flow of air through the nozzle 3 can be affected, and thereby the pneumatic pressure in the space 1a and on the pressure outlet 5 can be controlled. This pressure, which can be used as control pressure for a pneumatic amplifier or cylinder piston assembly, is marked in the drawing with P. If no other measures are taken, as explained at the outset, the accuracy of such control of the pneumatic pressure would be adversely affected. direction of several factors.
Til aftastning af det pneumatiske tryk er der, som det fremgår af fig. 1, i ledningen forbundet en trykmåler 7 til trykudgangen 5. Trykgiveren 7 er 4 150270 indrettet til at frembringe et elektrisk signal T, som modsvarer det nævnte styretryk. Signalet T påføres den ene signalindgang 8 på et sammenlignende kredsløb 9, hvis anden indgang 10 påføres det elektriske styresignal I, som ønskes omsat til en pneumatisk trykværdi. Det sammenlignende kredsløb 9 er indrettet til at sammenligne signalerne T og I og til at frembringe et til forskellen mellem disse signaler svarende differenssignal. Dette påføres en integrator 11, hvis udgangssignal er en spænding, der påtrykkes det piezoelektriske element 6. Integratoren 11 er fortrinsvis en integrerende forstærker, og dens udgangssignal svarer til tidsintegralet af det til integratoren indkommende differenssignal. Dette indebærer, at også små differenssignaler med en vis varighed frembringer udgangssignaler fra integratoren 11 af samme størrelsesorden som større men mere kortvarige differenssignaler.For sensing the pneumatic pressure, as shown in FIG. 1, in the conduit, a pressure gauge 7 is connected to the pressure output 5. The pressure transducer 7 is arranged to produce an electrical signal T corresponding to said control pressure. The signal T is applied to one signal input 8 on a comparative circuit 9, the other input 10 being applied to the electrical control signal I, which is desired to be converted to a pneumatic pressure value. The comparative circuit 9 is arranged to compare the signals T and I and to produce a difference signal corresponding to the difference between these signals. This is applied to an integrator 11 whose output signal is a voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 6. The integrator 11 is preferably an integrating amplifier and its output signal corresponds to the time integral of the differential signal entering the integrator. This means that even small difference signals of a certain duration produce output signals of the integrator 11 of the same order of magnitude as larger but more short term difference signals.
Den i fig. 1 viste anordning fungerer som en I/P-omsætter og arbejder med en lukket reguleringssløjfe på følgende måde:The FIG. 1, functions as an I / P converter and operates with a closed control loop as follows:
Afhængigt af størrelse og polaritet af differenssignalet vil elementet 6 som tidligere nævnt bevæge sig fra eller mod dysen 3, hvorved spalten mellem elementet og dysen øges eller mindskes, således at det pneumatiske tryk i rummet la og dermed også såvel den pneumatiske trykværdi P som signalet T vil blive ændret. Man kan naturligvis give reguleringssløjfen sådanne egenskaber, at den pneumatiske trykværdi P meget nøje modsvarer signalet I. Det piezoelektriske elements 6 egenskaber eller variationer i føde-trykket fra trykkilden 2 påvirker ikke omsætterens nøjagtighed, som alene påvirkes af trykmålerens 7 nøjagtighed.Depending on the size and polarity of the differential signal, the element 6 will, as previously mentioned, move from or towards the nozzle 3, thereby increasing or decreasing the gap between the element and the nozzle, so that the pneumatic pressure in the space 1a and thus also the pneumatic pressure value P and the signal T will be changed. Of course, the control loop can be given such that the pneumatic pressure value P corresponds very closely to the signal I. The characteristics or variations in the feed pressure of the pressure source 2 of the piezoelectric element 6 do not affect the accuracy of the converter, which is only affected by the accuracy of the pressure gauge 7.
Det sammenlignende kredsløb 9 og integratoren 11 modsvarer funktionsmæssigt en proportional integrerende regulator, en såkaldt P/I-regulator. I fig. 2 er 12 en sådan P/l-regulator. Nævnte figur viser en alternativ udførelsesform af en i/P-omsætter ifølge opfindelsen, hvor en fluidumforstærker 13 er forbundet til trykudgangen 5. Forstærkeren 13 trykfødes fra trykkilden 2 via en ledning 14 150278 5 og har til opgave at frembringe en forstærket luftstrøm og/eller en forøget trykværdi i udgangsledningen 5 for sådanne anvendelser, hvor en luftstrøm via indsnævringen 4 ikke er tilstrækkelig. Trykmåleren 7 er koblet til forstærkerens udgang 15, som også udgør I/P-omsætterens udgang, dvs. det til signalet I svarende pneumatiske trykniveau tages som et arbejdstryk ud på udgangen 15. Ar-bejdstrykket kan eksempelvis anvendes til stillingsstyring af et på tegningen ikke vist cylinder-stempelaggre-gat.The comparative circuit 9 and the integrator 11 functionally correspond to a proportional integrating controller, a so-called P / I controller. In FIG. 2, 12 is such a P / L controller. Said figure shows an alternative embodiment of an I / P converter according to the invention, in which a fluid amplifier 13 is connected to the pressure output 5. The amplifier 13 is fed from the pressure source 2 via a conduit 14 and is designed to produce an amplified air flow and / or an increased pressure value in the output line 5 for such applications where an air flow via the constriction 4 is not sufficient. The pressure gauge 7 is coupled to the output 15 of the amplifier, which also constitutes the output of the I / P converter, ie. the pneumatic pressure level corresponding to the signal is taken as a working pressure at the output 15. The working pressure can be used, for example, for position control of a cylinder-piston assembly not shown in the drawing.
Det er indlysende, at signalomsætteren ifølge opfindelsen kan modificeres på mange måder inden for rammén for opfindelsestanken. Således kan eksempelvis det piezo-elektriske element 6 monteres, så det tinder påvirkning af styresignalet kun bevæger sig i en retning, dvs. enten fra eller mod dysen 5.It is obvious that the signal converter of the invention can be modified in many ways within the scope of the invention. Thus, for example, the piezoelectric element 6 can be mounted so that it degrades the influence of the control signal moving only in one direction, ie. either from or towards the nozzle 5.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7901841 | 1979-03-01 | ||
SE7901841A SE420639B (en) | 1979-03-01 | 1979-03-01 | SIGNAL CONVERTER UNIT FOR CONVERTING AN ELECTRICAL CONTROL SIGNAL TO A PNEUMATIC SIGNAL WITH A PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT |
SE8000057 | 1980-02-29 | ||
PCT/SE1980/000057 WO1980001826A1 (en) | 1979-03-01 | 1980-02-29 | A signal converting unit intended to be incorporated in a pneumatic control system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK462080A DK462080A (en) | 1980-10-31 |
DK150278B true DK150278B (en) | 1987-01-26 |
Family
ID=20337424
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK462080AA DK150278B (en) | 1979-03-01 | 1980-10-31 | SIGNIFICANT DEVICE INTENDED TO ENTER INTO A PNEUMATIC REGULATION SYSTEM |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0024409A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATA901680A (en) |
CH (1) | CH646230A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3034326C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK150278B (en) |
GB (1) | GB2065331A (en) |
NL (1) | NL8020072A (en) |
NO (1) | NO803279L (en) |
SE (1) | SE420639B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1980001826A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0102528A3 (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-05-09 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Voltage to pressure transducer |
AT380934B (en) * | 1983-01-13 | 1986-07-25 | Enfo Grundlagen Forschungs Ag | ELECTRICAL-PNEUMATIC SIGNAL CONVERTER |
GB8301053D0 (en) * | 1983-01-14 | 1983-02-16 | Vickers Plc | Relief valve assembly |
US4509547A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1985-04-09 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Control system for an electro-pneumatic converter |
BR8400626A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-10-02 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | PNEUMATIC AUXILIARY ASSEMBLY FOR AN ELECTRICAL-PNEUMATIC CONVERTER |
US4492246A (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1985-01-08 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Solid state current-to-pressure and current-to-motion transducer |
US4527583A (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1985-07-09 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Electropneumatic transducer system |
USRE33028E (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1989-08-22 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Electropneumatic transducer system |
JPS61173319A (en) * | 1985-01-26 | 1986-08-05 | Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Co Ltd | Regulator for fluid |
DE3532367A1 (en) * | 1985-09-11 | 1987-03-19 | Gulde Regelarmaturen Gmbh & Co | PNEUMATIC REGULATOR |
US4665938A (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1987-05-19 | Rosemount Inc. | Frequency feedback on a current loop of a current-to-pressure converter |
AT393174B (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1991-08-26 | Enfo Grundlagen Forschungs Ag | SIGNAL CONVERTER |
JPH072029B2 (en) * | 1989-06-26 | 1995-01-11 | セイコー電子工業株式会社 | Ultrasonic motor |
GB9105341D0 (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1991-04-24 | Watson Smith Ltd | I/p converters |
DE4240802C2 (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1997-07-17 | Hartmann & Braun Ag | Electropneumatic converter |
GB9611147D0 (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1996-07-31 | Flight Refueling Ltd | A flapper valve |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1673475U (en) * | 1953-10-22 | 1954-03-11 | Julius Fingerhut | FABRIC BUTTON. |
FR1183778A (en) * | 1956-09-28 | 1959-07-13 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Piezoelectric crystal transducer for controlling hydraulic valves |
US3456669A (en) * | 1966-10-20 | 1969-07-22 | Fisher Governor Co | Piezoelectric transducer |
DE1588245B1 (en) * | 1967-07-07 | 1970-11-12 | Gulde Regelarmaturen Kg | Electropneumatic positioner |
DE2013688C3 (en) * | 1970-03-21 | 1974-03-14 | Gulde-Regelarmaturen-Kg, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Electropneumatic signal converter |
US3882881A (en) * | 1973-01-12 | 1975-05-13 | American Chain & Cable Co | Pneumatic transmitter of electrical phenomena |
DE2523600A1 (en) * | 1975-05-28 | 1976-12-09 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ELECTROHYDRAULIC CONTROL DEVICE |
GB1551039A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1979-08-22 | Ici Ltd | Conversion of electric to pneumatic signals |
DD138089B1 (en) * | 1978-07-28 | 1983-06-01 | Peter Domnitz | ARRANGEMENT FOR ELECTRICAL PNEUMATIC AND PNEUMATIC ELECTRICAL SIGNAL CONVERSION |
-
1979
- 1979-03-01 SE SE7901841A patent/SE420639B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1980
- 1980-02-29 WO PCT/SE1980/000057 patent/WO1980001826A1/en active Application Filing
- 1980-02-29 CH CH816980A patent/CH646230A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-29 AT AT0901680A patent/ATA901680A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-02-29 DE DE3034326T patent/DE3034326C2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-29 NL NL8020072A patent/NL8020072A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-02-29 GB GB8105536A patent/GB2065331A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-09-10 EP EP80900444A patent/EP0024409A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-10-31 NO NO803279A patent/NO803279L/en unknown
- 1980-10-31 DK DK462080AA patent/DK150278B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2065331A (en) | 1981-06-24 |
SE420639B (en) | 1981-10-19 |
DK462080A (en) | 1980-10-31 |
WO1980001826A1 (en) | 1980-09-04 |
DE3034326T1 (en) | 1981-04-09 |
SE7901841L (en) | 1980-09-02 |
ATA901680A (en) | 1986-05-15 |
NO803279L (en) | 1980-10-31 |
EP0024409A1 (en) | 1981-03-11 |
NL8020072A (en) | 1981-04-29 |
CH646230A5 (en) | 1984-11-15 |
DE3034326C2 (en) | 1983-11-17 |
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