DK150251B - CONTROL DEVICE FOR KAELE PLANTS - Google Patents
CONTROL DEVICE FOR KAELE PLANTS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK150251B DK150251B DK535176AA DK535176A DK150251B DK 150251 B DK150251 B DK 150251B DK 535176A A DK535176A A DK 535176AA DK 535176 A DK535176 A DK 535176A DK 150251 B DK150251 B DK 150251B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- control device
- evaporator
- refrigerant
- compressor
- cooling
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/21—Refrigerant outlet evaporator temperature
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Description
150251150251
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en reguleringsindretning til et \ køleanlæg af den i den indledende del af krav 1 angivne art.The present invention relates to a control device for a refrigeration plant of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Ekspansionsventilen er sædvanligvis af den termostatiske type og afføler et tryk, som står i relation til kølemediets overhedningstemperatur og sammenligner dette tryk méd kølemediets mætningstryk i fordamperen. Den termiske ekspansionsventil søger primært at opretholde en konstant differens mellem disse tryk, hvoraf skulle følge, at kølemediets overhedningsgrad blev konstant. Det har imid-, lertid vist sig, at man med det beskrevne system ikke opnår en tilfredsstillende konstant overhedningsgrad, men at der er risiko for, at væskeformigt kølemedium når kompressoren. En sådan "overkogning" kan specielt indtræffe ved et lavt kølebehov hos køleobjektet.The expansion valve is usually of the thermostatic type and senses a pressure which is related to the superheat temperature of the refrigerant and compares this pressure with the saturation pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator. The thermal expansion valve primarily seeks to maintain a constant difference between these pressures, which should result in the cooling medium's superheat degree becoming constant. However, it has been found that with the described system, a satisfactory constant superheat degree is not obtained, but that there is a risk that liquid refrigerant reaches the compressor. Such "overcooking" can occur especially at a low cooling demand of the cooling object.
2 1502512 150251
En medvirkende årsag til forholdet er, at et køleanlæg, der er udrustet med et styresystem, der også omfatter en termisk ekspansionsventil, får et relativt begrænset arbejdsområde. Ekspansionsventilen skal dimensioneres for den mindst beregnede trykdifferens, dvs. for den mindst forekommende forskel mellem trykket i kølemediet før ventilen, dvs. i princippet kondensatortrykket, og trykket efter ventilen dvs. i princippet fordampningstrykket. Denne trykdifferens er normalt lavest om vinteren. Om sommeren vil trykdifferensen over den statiske ekspansionsventil være større. Dette indebærer, at ventilen skal overdimensioneres, hvilket medfører en dårlig styrenøj-agtighed.A contributing reason for the relationship is that a cooling system equipped with a control system, which also includes a thermal expansion valve, has a relatively limited working area. The expansion valve must be dimensioned for the least calculated pressure difference, ie. for the least common difference between the pressure in the refrigerant before the valve, ie. in principle the capacitor pressure and the pressure after the valve ie. in principle the evaporation pressure. This pressure difference is usually lowest in winter. In summer, the differential pressure across the static expansion valve will be greater. This means that the valve must be oversized, which results in poor control accuracy.
I og for sig kan man forhindre den nævnte "overkogning" af kølemediet ved installation af en varmeveksler eller en væskeudskiller mellem fordamperen og kompressoren, men en sådan udrustning medfører ekstra omkostninger og tjener intet formål i køleprocessen som sådan.By itself, the said "overcooking" of the refrigerant can be prevented by the installation of a heat exchanger or a liquid separator between the evaporator and the compressor, but such equipment incurs additional costs and serves no purpose in the cooling process as such.
Den foreliggende opfindelse har til formål at undgå de påviste u-lemper, som findes ved kendte køleanlæg af den indledningsvis nævnte art, og reguleringsindretningen ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det der er angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 1.The object of the present invention is to avoid the drawbacks that are found in known refrigeration systems of the type mentioned in the preamble, and the control device according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Det første målepunkt lægges således, at det afføler kølemediets mætningstilstand i fordamperen. Det andet målepunkt kan enten, ved det såkaldte direkte system, placeres i direkte tilslutning til køleobjektet, f.eks. i et kølelager, eller fortrinsvis, ved det såkaldte indirekte system, i kuldebærerkredsen. Forudsætningen for, at en placering i et kølelager skal give den anden styreindretning en sikker funktion er, at luften i dette cirkuleres således, at temperaturaffølingen giver en relevant værdi.The first measurement point is laid so that it senses the saturation state of the refrigerant in the evaporator. The second measurement point can either be, in the so-called direct system, directly connected to the cooling object, e.g. in a cold store, or preferably, by the so-called indirect system, in the brine circuit. The prerequisite for a location in a cold storage to give the other control device a safe function is that the air in it is circulated so that the temperature sensing gives a relevant value.
I en videreudviklet udførelsesform ifølge opfindelsen omfatter den anden styreindretning et temperaturaffølingsorgan, der er sluttet til en regulator, der er indrettet til at styre en motor, der igen 150251 3 kan åbne eller lukke ekspansionsventilen.In a further embodiment of the invention, the second control device comprises a temperature sensing means connected to a regulator adapted to control a motor which in turn can open or close the expansion valve.
Regulatoren kan i og for sig være af elektrisk eller pneumatisk type, men en elektrisk regulator er specielt passende for formålet. Hvis reguleringsindretningen omfatter en elektrisk regulator er det nemlig relativt enkelt at videreudvikle systemet således, at man opnår yderligere forbedringer i sammenligning med hidtil kendte systemer. Således kan man dels udforme reguleringsindretningen således, at anlæggets virkningsgrad ved delbelastning,-dvs. ved mindsket kølebehov hos køleobjektet, forbedres, og dels kan man indføre en ekstra styrefunktion, der sikrer, at kølemediet i væskeform ikke kan nå kompressoren.The regulator may in itself be of electrical or pneumatic type, but an electrical regulator is particularly suitable for the purpose. If the regulating device comprises an electrical regulator, it is relatively simple to further develop the system so that further improvements are obtained in comparison with previously known systems. Thus, it is partly possible to design the control device such that the efficiency of the system at partial load, ie. in case of reduced cooling demand of the cooling object is improved, and partly an additional control function can be introduced which ensures that the refrigerant in liquid form can not reach the compressor.
Hvis kompressoren i et køleanlæg med et vist kølemedium arbejder med fuld kapacitet, vil der ved en vis temperatur uden for kondensatoren og en ønsket temperatur i kuldebærerstrømningen til køleobjektet være et vist forhold mellem ud- og indgående tryk omkring kompressoren. Hvis nu køleobjektets kølebehov mindskes, reguleres kompressorens kapacitet ned i forhold hertil. Derved skulle man i og for sig kunne beholde samme temperaturdifferens mellem kølemediets mætningstilstand i fordamperen og kuldebærerstrømningen, der er indstillet i regulatoren, som en forud bestemt værdi, og som regulatoren forsøger at opretholde, også ved dette nye driftsforhold. Imidlertid kan man ved at mindske denne temperaturdifferens, dvs. i praksis forhøje mætningstemperaturen af kølemediet i fordamperen, eftersom man forsøger at holde temperaturen i den til køleobjektet udgående kuldebærerstrømning konstant, opnå en højere fordampningstemperatur, hvilket indebærer, at kompressorens specifikke kraftforbrug mindskes. Man opnår altså en forbedret delbelastningsvirkningsgrad.If the compressor in a refrigeration system with a certain refrigerant is operating at full capacity, at a certain temperature outside the capacitor and a desired temperature in the brine flow to the cooling object, there will be a certain ratio of output and incoming pressure around the compressor. If the cooling needs of the cooling object are now reduced, the compressor capacity is adjusted accordingly. This should in itself be able to maintain the same temperature difference between the saturation state of the refrigerant in the evaporator and the brine flow set in the regulator, as a predetermined value and which the regulator tries to maintain, even in this new operating condition. However, by reducing this temperature difference, i. in practice, the saturation temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator increases as one tries to keep the temperature of the refrigerant flowing to the cooling object a higher evaporation temperature, which reduces the compressor's specific power consumption. Thus, an improved partial load efficiency is obtained.
I praksis arrangerer man et organ i kompressoren til at styre regulatorens nævnte forudbestemte værdi afhængig af kompressorens kapacitetsindstilling. Den mest gunstige funktionelle samvirken mellem kompressorkapaciteten og den forudbestemte værdi skal na- 4 150251 turligvis fastsættes i forvejen.In practice, a means is arranged in the compressor to control the said predetermined value of the controller depending on the capacity setting of the compressor. The most favorable functional interaction between the compressor capacity and the predetermined value must of course be predetermined.
Angående den foreslåede ekstra styrefunktion, der skal sikre, at kølemediet i væskeform ikke kan nå kompressoren, kan denne være indrettet således, at der foregår en afføling af temperaturdifferensen mellem kølemediet i mætnin'gstilstand i fordamperen og et punkt i kredsløbet mellem fordamperen og kompressoren, og således, åt motoren derefter påvirkes overordnet til at lukke ekspansionsventilen, når temperaturdifferensen bliver mindre end en forudbestemt værdi. Under hensyntagen til det styrende systems træghed er det fordelagtigt at indføre en forsinkelsesfunktion, der står i relation til systemets tidskonstant.Regarding the proposed additional control function to ensure that the liquid refrigerant cannot reach the compressor, this may be arranged such that a sensing of the temperature difference between the refrigerant in the saturation state of the evaporator and a point in the circuit between the evaporator and the compressor is effected. and thus, the motor is then exerted to close the expansion valve when the temperature difference becomes less than a predetermined value. Considering the inertia of the controlling system, it is advantageous to introduce a delay function that is related to the system's constant of time.
En udførelsesform for opfindelsen skal som et eksempel i det følgende beskrives nærmere med henvisning til tegningen, der skematisk viser en reguleringsindretning til et køleanlæg.An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which schematically illustrate a cooling device control device.
På tegningen betegner 1 en kompressor, 2 en kondensator, 3 en ekspansionsvent'il, styret af en motor og 4 en fordamper, der ved hjælp af rørledninger 5, 6, 7, 8 er forenet til en cirkulations-kreds, der indeslutter et kølemedium.In the drawing, 1 denotes a compressor, 2 a capacitor, 3 an expansion valve, controlled by a motor and 4 an evaporator, which is connected by means of pipelines 5, 6, 7, 8 to a circulation circuit which encloses a refrigerant .
Fordamperen fungerer som en varmeveksler, der tilføres varme fra et køleobjekt, f.eks. et kølelager, ved hjælp af en kuldebærer, der cirkulerer med konstant strømning i et lukket kredsløb. Kulde-bæreren træder ind i fordamperen gennem et indløb 9 og forlader fordamperen gennem et udløb 10. Et temperaturaffølingsorgan 11 er arrangeret til at afføle temperaturen i kuldebæreren, når denne forlader fordamperen, og afgiv„e impulser til kompressorens kapacitetsstyreanordning. Man forsøger at holde temperaturen i den fra fordamperen afgående kuldebærer konstant, hvilket indebærer, at kompressorens kapacitet skal reguleres efter køleobjektets afkølingsbehov. Hvis dette mindskes, synker temperaturen i kuldebæreren, hvilket via temperaturaffølingsorganet 11 medfører, at den nævnte kapacitetsstyreindretnings indstilling ændres således, at kompressorens kapacitet mindskes, hvilket igen medfører at 150251 5 kuldebærerens temperatur går tilbage til den ønskede værdi.The evaporator acts as a heat exchanger which is supplied heat from a cooling object, e.g. a refrigerator, by means of a refrigerant circulating with constant flow in a closed circuit. The refrigerant enters the evaporator through an inlet 9 and leaves the evaporator through an outlet 10. A temperature sensing means 11 is arranged to sense the temperature of the refrigerant as it exits the evaporator, and impulses to the compressor's capacity control device. An attempt is made to keep the temperature of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator constant, which means that the compressor's capacity must be adjusted according to the cooling object's cooling needs. If this is reduced, the temperature in the brine decreases, which, via the temperature sensing means 11, changes the setting of said capacity control device so that the capacity of the compressor is reduced, which in turn causes the temperature of the brine to return to the desired value.
En regulator, i dette tilfælde af elektrisk type, er markeret med 12 på tegningen. Den modtager signaler dels fra det nævnte tempe-raturaffølingsorgan 11 og dels fra et lignende organ 13, der er indrettet til af afføle temperaturen af kølemediets mætningstilstand i fordamperen. Regulatoren sammenligner differensen mellem signalerne modsvarende de nævnte temperaturer, med en i regulatoren indstillet forudbestemt værdi, og giver ved afvigelsen den motordrevne ekspansionsventil 3, i dette tilfælde forsynet med en elektrisk motor, signal til at åbnes, eller lukkes således, at den ønskede temperaturdifferens holdes konstant.A regulator, in this case of an electric type, is marked with 12 in the drawing. It receives signals partly from said temperature sensing means 11 and partly from a similar means 13 arranged to sense the temperature of the saturation state of the refrigerant in the evaporator. The controller compares the difference between the signals corresponding to said temperatures, with a predetermined value set in the controller, and, upon departure, gives the motor driven expansion valve 3, in this case with an electric motor, a signal to open or close so that the desired temperature difference is maintained. constant.
Regulatoren kan være mere eller mindre avanceret, og karakteriseres ved P-, PI-, PD- eller PID-funktioner og af en indre proces-tilbageføring (simuleret tilbageføring) eller har signaltilbageføring fra ekspansionsventilen, hvilket kan opnås ved en resistiv, kapacitiv eller induktiv signalgiver, der er koblet til ekspansionsventilen.The controller may be more or less advanced and characterized by P, PI, PD or PID functions and by an internal process feedback (simulated feedback) or have signal feedback from the expansion valve, which can be obtained by a resistive, capacitive or inductive signal generator connected to the expansion valve.
Den viste udførelsesform er imidlertid yderligere udviklet. Kompressorens kapacitetsstyreindretning er forsynet med en signalgiver 14, der formidler information til regulatoren 12 angående kapacitetsniveauet. Denne information bringes til at styre den forudbestemte værdi for den nævnte temperaturdifferens efter en forudbestemt funktionssamvirken, der indebærer, at en formindsket kapacitet medfører en formindsket temperaturdifferens. Som allerede beskrevet ovenfor er formålet med dette arrangement at forbedre kompressorens virkningsgrad ved delbelastning, dvs. et kølebehov hos køleobjektet, der er mindre end maksimalt.However, the embodiment shown is further developed. The compressor capacity control device is provided with a signal transducer 14 which transmits information to the controller 12 regarding the capacity level. This information is caused to control the predetermined value of said temperature difference after a predetermined interaction of operation, which implies that a reduced capacity results in a reduced temperature difference. As already described above, the purpose of this arrangement is to improve the efficiency of the compressor at partial load, i.e. a cooling requirement of the cooling object that is less than the maximum.
For at sikre, at kølemediet i væskeform ikke når kompressoren er et temperaturaffølingsorgan 15 anbragt således, at det afføler temperaturen i ledningen 5 mellem fordamperen og kompressoren, og giver impulser til regulatoren 12, der sammenligner temperaturen i det nævnte punkt med en temperatur, der indikeres af temperaturaf-To ensure that the refrigerant in liquid form does not reach the compressor, a temperature sensing means 15 is arranged to sense the temperature of the conduit 5 between the evaporator and the compressor, and impulses to the regulator 12 comparing the temperature at said point to a temperature indicated of temperature
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7513418 | 1975-11-28 | ||
SE7513418A SE402345C (en) | 1975-11-28 | 1975-11-28 | REGULATION OF COOLING SYSTEMS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK535176A DK535176A (en) | 1977-05-29 |
DK150251B true DK150251B (en) | 1987-01-19 |
DK150251C DK150251C (en) | 1987-10-12 |
Family
ID=20326186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK535176A DK150251C (en) | 1975-11-28 | 1976-11-26 | REGULATORY DEVICE FOR COOLING SYSTEMS |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2652888C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK150251C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2333210A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1506999A (en) |
NL (1) | NL182431C (en) |
SE (1) | SE402345C (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55162561A (en) * | 1979-06-04 | 1980-12-17 | Yukio Kajino | Heat amplifying method and apparatus |
EP0078928A3 (en) * | 1981-11-10 | 1983-09-28 | Feraton Anstalt | Method for regulating the circulating refrigerants in a refrigerant circuit, and device for carrying out the method |
FR2539855B1 (en) * | 1983-01-25 | 1985-09-27 | Comp Generale Electricite | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE EXPANSION RATE IN A VALVE FOR EXPANSION OF THE REFRIGERANT FLUID OF A HEAT PUMP CYCLE |
JPS59170653A (en) * | 1983-03-17 | 1984-09-26 | 株式会社東芝 | Air conditioner |
AU551118B2 (en) * | 1983-12-19 | 1986-04-17 | Carrier Corp. | Control of expansion valve in a refrigeration system |
US4549403A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-29 | Carrier Corporation | Method and control system for protecting an evaporator in a refrigeration system against freezeups |
FR2598789B1 (en) * | 1986-05-13 | 1988-09-16 | Electricite De France | PROGRAMMABLE THERMOSTATIC REGULATOR. |
DE4436925C2 (en) * | 1994-10-15 | 1998-05-14 | Danfoss As | Control device for the superheating temperature of at least one evaporator of a refrigeration system |
US5691466A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-11-25 | J.T.L. Systems Ltd. | Liquid-sensing apparatus and method |
JP2014085048A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-05-12 | Ebara Refrigeration Equipment & Systems Co Ltd | Turbo refrigerator |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1800681A1 (en) * | 1968-10-02 | 1970-06-25 | J & E Hall Ltd | Cooling system |
US3803863A (en) * | 1972-06-20 | 1974-04-16 | Borg Warner | Control system for refrigeration compressor |
-
1975
- 1975-11-28 SE SE7513418A patent/SE402345C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-11-20 DE DE2652888A patent/DE2652888C2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-22 FR FR7635056A patent/FR2333210A1/en active Granted
- 1976-11-24 GB GB49051/76A patent/GB1506999A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-26 DK DK535176A patent/DK150251C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-26 NL NLAANVRAGE7613220,A patent/NL182431C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2333210B1 (en) | 1980-10-17 |
NL182431B (en) | 1987-10-01 |
SE402345B (en) | 1978-06-26 |
DE2652888A1 (en) | 1977-06-08 |
NL182431C (en) | 1988-03-01 |
SE7513418L (en) | 1977-05-28 |
DE2652888C2 (en) | 1985-11-21 |
FR2333210A1 (en) | 1977-06-24 |
NL7613220A (en) | 1977-06-01 |
GB1506999A (en) | 1978-04-12 |
SE402345C (en) | 1985-09-23 |
DK150251C (en) | 1987-10-12 |
DK535176A (en) | 1977-05-29 |
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