DK146842B

DK146842B - POTATO COUGH

Info

Publication number: DK146842B
Application number: DK017778AA
Authority: DK
Inventors: Rudolf Vie
Original assignee: Vie R
Priority date: 1977-01-14
Filing date: 1978-01-13
Publication date: 1984-01-23
Also published as: NO138710C; IE46132B1; IE780023L; GB1571373A; FI780108A; FR2377143B1; DK17778A; FI57871B; NL7800319A; DK146842C; FI57871C; SE7800448L; NO138710B; NO770114L; DE2800183A1; FR2377143A1

Description

i 146842and 146842

Opfindelsen angår en kartoffelhøster af den i indledningen til krav 1 angivne art.The invention relates to a potato harvester of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

I forbindelse med høstning af kartofler stilles der til de anvendte høstmaskiner to modstridende krav, som er 5 meget vanskelige at tilfredsstille samtidig, nemlig stor høstkapacitet og ringe beskadigelse af de høstede kartofler.In connection with the harvesting of potatoes, two conflicting requirements are placed on the harvesting machines used, which are very difficult to satisfy at the same time, namely large harvesting capacity and little damage to the harvested potatoes.

For at opnå tilfredsstillende resultater ved hjælp af kar-toffelhøstere med lille manuel arbejdsindsats har man været 10 henvist til at dyrke kartofler i områder med ekstremt lette jorder og få sten. Alternativ dyrkning af kartofler i områder med tungere jord og eventuelt flere sten kan vanskeligt udføres med de kendte kartoffelhøstere og medfører derfor en stor manuel arbejdsindsats i forbindelse med 15 plukning og sortering.To achieve satisfactory results with the help of small manual labor harvesters, 10 people have been referred to grow potatoes in areas with extremely light soils and few stones. Alternative cultivation of potatoes in areas with heavier soil and possibly more stones can be difficult to carry out with the known potato harvesters and therefore entails a large manual work effort in connection with picking and sorting.

Ved anvendelse af kendte maskiner til høstning af kartofler bliver kartoffeltop, rodsystem, kartofler, jord og sten optaget samtidig ved hjælp af et skær og bragt ind over en sigtemekanisme bestående af et system med sigte-20 transportører, som til dels køres med stor hastighed og samtidig bibringes ekstra rystebevægelser til opnåelse af den nødvendige sigteeffekt til adskillelse af jord, sten og kartofler. Idet en relativt stor del af kartoflerne vil hænge ved kartoffeltoppen, samtidigt med at top og 25 rødder virker som armering i den optagne masse, bliver„det nødvendigt at anvende en række mekanismer til ekstra behandling af massen for at skille de forskellige komponenter fra hinanden, og dette kan betyde, at en stor del af kartoflerne bliver beskadiget. Dette betyder, at meget 30 dyre maskiner oftere viser sig at have for lille kapacitet.Using known machines for harvesting potatoes, the potato top, root system, potatoes, soil and stones are picked up simultaneously by means of a insert and brought over a sifting mechanism consisting of a system of sieve conveyors, which are partly driven at high speed and at the same time, additional shaking motions are imparted to achieve the necessary sieving effect for separating soil, stones and potatoes. As a relatively large part of the potatoes will hang at the potato top, while the top and 25 roots act as reinforcement in the absorbed mass, it becomes necessary to use a number of mechanisms for additional processing of the mass to separate the various components from each other. and this can mean that a large part of the potatoes are damaged. This means that very 30 expensive machines more often turn out to have too little capacity.

U6842 2U6842 2

Fra USA-patentskrift nr. 3.473.614 kendes en rodfrugthøster af den indledningsvis nævnte art, som er specielt beregnet til høstning af gulerødder og tidlige kartofler, hvor stænglerne endnu står oprejst. Ved denne rodfrugt-5 høster skilles rodfrugt og stængler fra den opgravede masse ved, at det indledningsvis nævnte topløfteorgan griber rodfrugten i dens top og løfter den op fra jordmassen samt fører den nedhængende del af toppen med rodfrugten gennem en plukkemekanisme, der er anbragt under top-10 løfteorganet. Endvidere har rodfrugthøsteren et ledeaggregat til indføring af plantetoppene til udmundingen af topløfteorganet. Dette ledeaggregat omfatter indførings-og oprejsningsorganer, som er således udformet, at de arbejder tilfredsstillende i forbindelse med optagning af 15 f.eks. gulerødder, men egner sig ikke til oprejsning af f.eks. kartoffelplanter, hvor en del af stænglerne står på skrå eller ligger fladt ned mod jorden.U.S. Pat. No. 3,473,614 discloses a root vegetable harvester of the type mentioned at the outset, which is specially intended for harvesting carrots and early potatoes, the stems of which are still erect. In this root crop 5, root vegetables and stems are separated from the excavated mass by the initially mentioned top lifting means gripping the root fruit in its top and lifting it up from the soil mass and guiding the hanging part of the top with the root fruit through a picking mechanism placed below the top. -10 lifting means. Furthermore, the root crop has a guide assembly for inserting the plant tops to the mouth of the top lifting means. This guide assembly comprises insertion and erection means which are designed so that they work satisfactorily in connection with receiving 15 e.g. carrots, but is not suitable for erection of e.g. potato plants, where part of the stems are sloping or lying flat on the ground.

Formålet med opfindelsen er at anvise en kartoffelhøster af den indledningsvis nævnte art, hvor de ovennævnte ulem-20 per i størst mulig grad er elimineret, idet skadelige behandlinger af kartoflerne er begrænset til et minimum, samtidigt med at kartoffelhøsterens transportører kan køres med mindre hastigheder, uden at dette begrænser dens kapacitet. Dette bidrager positivt til opnåelse af en med 25 hensyn til mekaniske skader god kvalitet af de høstede kartofler.The object of the invention is to provide a potato harvester of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated as far as possible, as harmful treatments of the potatoes are limited to a minimum, while the conveyors of the potato harvester can be run at lower speeds. without limiting its capacity. This contributes positively to achieving a good quality of the harvested potatoes in terms of mechanical damage.

Dette opnås i princippet først og fremmest ved at flytte væsentlige fysiske påvirkninger fra et sent til en meget tidligt stadium i høstbehandlingsprocessen. Derved opnås, 30 at den masse, som belaster sigtetransportørerne, i størst mulig grad er renset for rødder og kartoffeltop, hvilket opnås ved, at topløfteorganet kan indstilles til enten at nappe top og rødder ud af kartoffelfuren, før denne løsnes af skæret, eller kan indstilles til at tage top, rødder 35 og medfølgende kartofler bagtil i kartoffelhøsteren, hvor 3 U6842 kartoflerne kan skilles fra toppene ved hjælp af plukke-mekanismen, før kartoffeltop og rødder forlader kartof-felhøsteren. Dette opnås ved at topløfteorganet er anbragt horisontalt forskydeligt i kartoffelhøsterens bevægeret-5 ning for regulering af gribe- eller transportbanens neders te ende i forhold til skæret, og at ledeaggregatet omfatter særskilte stængelorienteringsorganer, oprejsningsorganer og indføringsorganer. Derved opnås den ønskede kartoffeloptapning eller topløftning af planten med kar-10 tofler afhængigt af kartoffelfurens fasthed, jordtype osv., samt orientering, oprejsning og indføring af kartoffeltoppene i topløfteorganet.This is achieved in principle primarily by shifting significant physical impacts from a late to a very early stage in the harvest treatment process. Thereby it is achieved that the mass which loads the sieve conveyors is as far as possible cleaned of roots and potato top, which is achieved by the top lifting means being set to either pluck top and roots out of the potato furrow before it is loosened by the cutting edge, or can set to take top, roots 35 and accompanying potatoes at the back of the potato harvester, where the 3 U6842 potatoes can be separated from the tops by the picking mechanism before the potato top and roots leave the potato harvester. This is achieved in that the top lifting means is arranged horizontally displaceable in the direction of movement of the potato harvester for adjusting the lower end of the gripping or transport path relative to the cutting edge, and that the guide unit comprises separate stem orientation means, raising means and insertion means. Thereby the desired potato tapping or top lifting of the plant with potatoes is obtained depending on the strength of the potato furrow, soil type, etc., as well as orientation, erection and insertion of the potato tops into the top lifting means.

For at den oven for nævnte høstmetode skal kunne gennemføres i praksis, er det nødvendigt at topløfteorganet får 15 fat i flest mulige af kartoffelplantens stængler så nær ved furen som muligt. Dette betinger, at kartoffeltoppene, som kun sjældent er opretstående på høsttidspunktet, bliver samlet og strakt, for at topløfteorganet kan træde i funktion. For at opnå dette må udhængende og liggende kar-20 toffeltoppe afskæres på begge sider af furen så nær ved siderne af denne som muligt, uden at kartofler beskadiges.In order for the above-mentioned harvesting method to be able to be carried out in practice, it is necessary for the top-lifting means to get as many as possible of the stems of the potato plant as close to the furrow as possible. This requires that the potato tops, which are only rarely upright at the time of harvest, be assembled and stretched so that the top lifting means can come into operation. To achieve this, overhanging and horizontal potato tops must be cut off on both sides of the furrow as close to the sides of it as possible, without damaging potatoes.

Til afskæring af udhængende og liggende kartoffeltoppe kan der eventuelt anvendes to rulleskær af i og for sig kendt type som f.eks. af den art, der anvendes på plove. De 25 resterende dele af kartoffeltoppene kæmmes i køreretningen af to fjedrende strådelere, før to mod hinanden arbejdende fingerhjul samler og strækker toppene. Samle-strækkeef-fekten opnås ved, at fingerhjulene er stillet skråt i forhold til køreretningen, samtidigt med at de griber ind i 30 hinanden over et stykke af fingerhjulenes bageste del.For cutting overhanging and horizontal potato tops, two roller cutters of a type known per se may be used, such as e.g. of the kind used on plows. The remaining 25 parts of the potato tops are combed in the direction of travel by two resilient straw splitters before two opposing finger wheels assemble and stretch the tops. The assembly-stretching effect is achieved by the finger wheels being set at an angle to the direction of travel, at the same time as they engage each other over a piece of the rear part of the finger wheels.

Fingerhjulene trækkes sædvanligvis ved hjælp af friktion mod jord-kartoffelmasse og driver desuden hinanden ved den tandhjulsvirkning, som opnås ved, at tænderne i hjulenes periferi griber ind i hianden i bageste del. Der kan 4 146842 også under vanskelige forhold med meget og kraftig kartoffeltop være behov for at trække fingerhjulene fra en drivmekanisme.The impellers are usually pulled by friction against soil-potato mass and also drive each other by the gear action obtained by the teeth in the periphery of the wheels engaging in each other in the rear part. Even in difficult conditions with a very heavy and powerful potato top, it may be necessary to pull the finger wheels from a drive mechanism.

I forreste del af topløfteorganet er det nødvendigt i til-5 knytning til indføring af massen i kartoffelfuren over skæret og ind i kartoffelhøsteren at have en speciel trykrulle i stedet for den, som sædvanligvis benyttes på kar-toffelhøstere. Denne er til forskel fra tidligere kendte typer som følge af kartoffelhøsterens egenart delt i to 10 og monteret på undersiden af de nederste vendeskiver for transportørerne i topløfteorganet. Der kan tænkes forskellige udførelsesormer for sådanne trykruller med varierende medbringereffekt til brug under varierende forhold, og de er derfor anbragt let udskiftelige på vende-15 skiverne, således at man ved valg af trykruller kan opnå maksimal topløfteeffekt.In the front part of the top lifting means it is necessary in connection with the introduction of the mass into the potato furrow over the cutting edge and into the potato harvester to have a special pressure roller instead of that which is usually used on potato harvester. This is in contrast to previously known types due to the uniqueness of the potato harvester divided into two 10 and mounted on the underside of the lower turntables for the conveyors in the top lifting means. Different embodiments of such pressure rollers with varying carrier power for use under varying conditions are conceivable, and they are therefore arranged easily interchangeable on the turntables, so that a maximum top lifting effect can be achieved by selecting pressure rollers.

Under særlige forhold, hvor man ønsker alene at opnå nap-ning af kartoffeltoppene, kan der være behov for et ekstra, forreste sæt trykruller, som ruller på furesiderne og hjælp-20 er med til at holde kartoflerne på plads i topnapningsfasen, idet topløfteorganet samtidig er forskudt maksimalt fremover i forhold til skæret.Under special conditions, where it is only desired to obtain napping of the potato tops, an extra, front set of pressure rollers may be needed, which roll on the furrow sides and help to keep the potatoes in place in the top napping phase, the top lifting means at the same time is offset maximum forward in relation to the insert.

For at sikre jævn indføring af kartoffelstængler i topløfteorganet kan der anbringes udskiftelige fingerhjul 25 fastgjort til vendeskivens aksel og med en udvendig diameter, der er dobbelt så stor som eller større end vendeskivens diameter. Alternativt kan der her bruges lavtryksgummihjul, som mellem sig danner en gribe- eller transportbane, eller bøjelige gummiskiver med samme virk-30 ning. Herved sikres en bedst mulig indføring af stænglerne i topløfteorganets gribe- eller transportbane.To ensure even insertion of potato stalks into the top lifting means, replaceable finger wheels 25 can be placed attached to the shaft of the turntable and with an outer diameter that is twice as large as or larger than the diameter of the turntable. Alternatively, low-pressure rubber wheels can be used here, which between them form a gripping or transport path, or flexible rubber discs with the same effect. This ensures the best possible insertion of the stems into the gripping or transport path of the top lifting member.

146842 5146842 5

En alternativ udførelsesform til forbedring af indføringen af kartoffelstænglerne i topløfteorganets gribe- eller transportbane er ejendommelig ved, at der er anbragt to fjedrende runde skiver af f.eks. gummi, som er monteret 5 så de danner en spids vinkel med hinanden, således at de danner en i kartoffelhøsterens bevægeretning fremadvendende åbning samt løber sammen ved deres bageste dele. På denne måde kan kartoffelstænglerne gribes og løftes op fra den fremadrettede stilling, som er frembragt af de foran 10 løbende fingerhjul, og dermed sikres indføringen af kartoffelstænglerne i topløfteorganets gribe- eller transportbane. Disse skiver kan drives over vinkeldrev fra de tidligere nævnte vendeskiver for topløfteorganets transportører .An alternative embodiment for improving the insertion of the potato stalks into the gripping or transport path of the top lifting means is characterized in that two resilient round discs of e.g. rubber, which are mounted 5 so as to form an acute angle with each other, so that they form an opening facing forward in the direction of movement of the potato harvester and run together at their rear parts. In this way, the potato stalks can be gripped and lifted up from the forward-facing position, which is produced by the finger wheels running in front of 10, and thus the insertion of the potato stalks into the gripping or transport path of the top lifting means is ensured. These discs can be driven over angular drives from the previously mentioned turning discs for the conveyors of the top lifting means.

15 Ved at man på et tidligt tidspunkt under høstprocessen i kartoffelhøsteren fjerner kartoffeltop og rødder fra den masse, som går ind i kartoffelhøsteren, får kartoflerne den mest skånsomme behandling fra vokseplads til lager. Kartoffelhøsteren har stor fleksibilitet, idet man kan 20 regulere/vælge fastheden i furen i kartoffelstænglernes løsrivningsfase, og den er derfor let at tilpasse til varierende driftsforhold. Under forhold og himmelstrøg, hvor man ikke ønsker vedhængende kartofler på stænglerne, kan disse simpelt hen fjernes enten ved at forskyde top-25 løfteorganet fremover i forhold til skæret eller ved at anbringe fjedrende elementer under topløfteorganet, hvilke elementer mellem sig danner spalter, som kartoffelstænglernes rodsystem må passere igennem, hvorved kartoflerne rives løs og falder ned på den underliggende sigtetrans-30 portør, som til dette formål kan være udstyret med en ledeskærm, der er anbragt regulerbart på den nederste del af transportøren og strækker sig fra transportørens ene sidekant og hen imod dennes midterparti og med en forlængelse strækker sig videre op langs med sigtetrans-35 portøren og eventuelt videre langs midterpartiet af et 6 146842 efterfølgende sorterbord eller -bånd.15 By removing potato tops and roots from the mass that enters the potato harvester at an early stage in the potato harvesting process, the potatoes receive the most gentle treatment from growing place to storage. The potato harvester has great flexibility, as you can adjust / select the firmness of the furrow in the detachment phase of the potato stalks, and it is therefore easy to adapt to varying operating conditions. In conditions and skies where one does not want adhering potatoes on the stems, these can be simply removed either by displacing the top-25 lifting means forward relative to the cutting edge or by placing resilient elements under the top-lifting means, which elements form gaps between the potato stalks. root system must pass through, whereby the potatoes are torn loose and fall onto the underlying sieve conveyor, which for this purpose may be equipped with a guide screen which is arranged adjustably on the lower part of the conveyor and extends from one side edge of the conveyor to against its central portion and with an extension extends further up along the screen conveyor and possibly further along the central portion of a subsequent sorting table or belt.

Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et længdesnit gennem en udførelsesform for 5 en kartoffelhøster ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 kartoffelhøsteren, set ovenfra, fig. 3 kartoffelhøsteren, som vist i fig. 2, men uden topløfteorgan, fig. 4a, b, c eksempler på udskiftelige trykruller, 10 fig. 5a, b, 6a, b og 7a, b alternative udførelsesformer for kartoffelhøsterens indføringsorganer for kartoffeltop, set henholdsvis forfra og ovenfra, fig. 8 kartoffelhøsteren monteret på en traktor, og fig. 9a, b kartoffelhøsteren udformet som en selvstændig en-15 hed trukket af en traktor, set henholdsvis ovenfra og fra siden.The invention is explained in more detail in the following with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of a potato harvester according to the invention, fig. 2 is a top view of the potato harvester, FIG. 3 shows the potato harvester, as shown in FIG. 2, but without top lifting means, fig. 4a, b, c examples of replaceable pressure rollers, fig. 5a, b, 6a, b and 7a, b alternative embodiments of the potato harvester inserts for potato tops, seen from the front and from above, respectively, fig. 8 shows the potato harvester mounted on a tractor, and FIG. 9a, b the potato harvester designed as an independent unit pulled by a tractor, seen from above and from the side, respectively.

Fig. 1 viser kartoffelhøsteren i længdesnit, og hvorledes dens skær går ind i furen, og desuden ses kartoffelplanter i forskellige faser på deres vej gennem kartoffel-20 høsteren.FIG. 1 shows the potato harvester in longitudinal section and how its cutting edge enters the furrow, and in addition, potato plants are seen in different stages on their way through the potato harvester.

Kartoffelhøsteren har fortil to rulleskær 1, et på hver side af kartoffelrækken, hvilket skær 1 er indstillelig i højde- og sideretningen. Kartoffelhøsteren har endvidere stængelorienteringsorganer i form af to fjedrende strå-25 delere 2, som er beregnet til at løbe langs med hver fureside for at kæmme kartoffeltoppene i kartoffelhøsterens 146842 7 køreretning. 3 betegner oprejsningsorganer i form af to mod hinanden roterende fingerhjul, som er indstillelige i forhold til hinanden og i forhold til et topløfteorgan 4 bestående af to mod hinanden vendende rem- eller kædetrans-5 portører. Disse rem- eller kædetransportører løber over øvre og nedre vendeskiver 13, 14 og danner mellem sig en gribe- eller transportbane for kartoffeltop, hvilken bane strækker sig skråt opad fra et optageskær 5 og over et sigtetransportbånd 7, som forløber skråt opad fra skæret 10 5. Idet fingerhjulene 3 er anbragt skråt i forhold til køre- retningen og på hver side af furen, således at de løber sammen ved deres bageste dele, opnås en tandhjulsvirkning, som bevirker, at fingerhjulparret 3,3 både opsamler og strækker kartoffelstænglerne i køreretningen skråt opad 15 fra voksepladsen. Topløfteorganet 4, som kan arbejde som stængelnapper, er trinløst regulerbart frem og tilbage i forhold til skæret 5, som har til opgave at løsne jorden i furen, før kartoffelrækken føres ind på sigtetransportøren 7. En ledeskærm 6 er anbragt indstilleligt ved sigte-20 transportøren 7's nederste del og strækker sig fra transportørens ene sidekant og hen mod dens midterparti. Ledeskærmen 6 er forlænget med et parti 6' (fig. 3), som strækker sig parallelt med sigtetransportøren 7 op mod dennes øverste ende og eventuelt videre langs midterpartiet til 25 et sorterbord eller -bælte 10, der er anbragt på tværs ved sigtetransportøren 7's øverste ende. Ledeskærmen 6 har til opgave at føre den del af kartoffelrækken, som passerer skæret 5, minus det, som bliver løftet i toppen, over til den ene side 8 af sigtetransportøren 7. Herved 30 fås en fraktion bestående af sten, klumper og kartofler, som følger banen 8, som vist i fig. 3, og en fraktion af rene kartofler (topløftet), som følger banen 9. På sorterbordet 10 kan kartoffeldelene i bane 8 plukkes over til bane 9, Til adskillelse af kartoflerne fra kartoffelstæng-35 lerne, som er ført ind i topløfteorganets gribe- eller transportbane, er der anbragt en plukkemekanisme 11, 12 8 146842 over sigtetransportøren 7 * s bane 9. En udførelsesform betegnet med henvisningstallet 11 omfatter to mod hinanden løbende endeløse remme, som mellem sig danner en spalte til plukning af kartoflerne, idet afstanden mellem den 5 nævnte spalte og topløfteorganet vokser i transportret ningen. En enklere udformning af plukkemekanismen er betegnet med henvisningstallet 12 og udgøres af parvis anbragte fjedrende elementer af f.eks. fjederstål og/eller gummi, som mellem sig danner en spalte, hvor også den nævnte 10 indbyrdes "afstand mellem spalte og topløfteorgan vokser i transportretningen. Ved topløfteorganets øverste ende 13 løber kartoffeltop og rødder ud af kartoffelhøsteren og føres ned på jorden.The potato harvester has at the front two roller coulters 1, one on each side of the potato row, which coulter 1 is adjustable in the height and side direction. The potato harvester further has stem orientation means in the form of two resilient straw splitters 2, which are intended to run along each furrow side to comb the potato tops in the direction of travel of the potato harvester. 3 denotes lifting means in the form of two rotating finger wheels, which are adjustable relative to each other and relative to a top lifting member 4 consisting of two facing belt or chain conveyors 5. These belt or chain conveyors run over upper and lower turntables 13, 14 and form between them a gripping or transport path for potato top, which path extends obliquely upwards from a pick-up insert 5 and over a sieve conveyor belt 7 which extends obliquely upwards from the insert 10 5. As the finger wheels 3 are arranged obliquely in relation to the direction of travel and on each side of the groove so that they run together at their rear parts, a gear effect is obtained which causes the pair of finger wheels 3,3 to both collect and stretch the potato stalks in the direction of travel. upwards 15 from the growing place. The top lifting means 4, which can act as stem knobs, is steplessly adjustable back and forth in relation to the insert 5, which has the task of loosening the ground in the groove before the row of potatoes is fed onto the sieve conveyor 7. A guide screen 6 is arranged adjustably at the sieve conveyor 7 lower part and extends from one side edge of the conveyor towards its middle portion. The guide screen 6 is extended by a portion 6 '(Fig. 3) which extends parallel to the screen conveyor 7 up towards its upper end and possibly further along the middle portion to a sorting table or belt 10 arranged transversely to the top of the screen conveyor 7. end. The guide screen 6 has the task of guiding the part of the potato row which passes the cutting edge 5, minus that which is lifted at the top, to one side 8 of the sieve conveyor 7. This gives a fraction consisting of stones, lumps and potatoes, which follows the path 8, as shown in fig. 3, and a fraction of clean potatoes (top-lifted), which follow the path 9. On the sorting table 10, the potato parts in lane 8 can be picked over to lane 9. To separate the potatoes from the potato stalks which are inserted into the gripping or transport path, a picking mechanism 11, 12 8 146842 is arranged over the path 9 of the sieve conveyor 7 *. An embodiment denoted by the reference numeral 11 comprises two endless belts running towards each other, which between them form a gap for picking the potatoes, the distance between the said gap and the top lifting means grow in the direction of transport. A simpler design of the picking mechanism is denoted by the reference numeral 12 and consists of resiliently arranged resilient elements of e.g. spring steel and / or rubber, which between them form a gap, where also the said 10 mutual "distance between gap and top lifting means grows in the transport direction. At the upper end 13 of the top lifting means, potato tops and roots run out of the potato harvester and are lowered to the ground.

Fig. 4a, b og c viser alternative udførelsesformer 15A, 15 B, C af den todelte, trukne trykrulle 15, som er koblet til og drives af vendeskiverne 14 i topløfteorganet 4.FIG. 4a, b and c show alternative embodiments 15A, 15B, C of the two-part, pulled pressure roller 15, which is coupled to and driven by the turntables 14 in the top lifting means 4.

De nævnte trykruller 15 er nødvendige for at furemassen kan føres til skæret 5 og ind på sigtetransportøren 7, samtidigt med at stængelmssen gribes af topløfteorganet 20 4 ved vendeskiverne 14.The said pressure rollers 15 are necessary for the groove mass to be fed to the insert 5 and into the screen conveyor 7, at the same time as the stem mass is gripped by the top lifting means 20 4 at the turning discs 14.

15A er en konisk form af trykrullen 15, set fra siden.15A is a conical shape of the pressure roller 15, seen from the side.

Den monteres ved undersiden af vendeskiven 14 ved hjælp af bolte.It is mounted on the underside of the turntable 14 by means of bolts.

15B er en alternativ udførelsesform for trykrullen 15, som 25 er udført med gummibelagte skovle, og 15C er endnu en alternativ udførelsesform af trykrullen 15, der er udformet som en halvdel af en gummibold. Denne sidstnævnte trykrulle kan enten laves af et blødt gummimateriale eller laves som en halv, oppumpelig bold, hvorved de to tryk-30 ruller 15C former sig efter kartoffelrækkens sider og henholdsvis fastholder furemassen og dermed kartoflerne under stængelnapning eller hjælper med til at føre furemassen med kartofler ind over skæret 5, når kartoffel- 146842 9 stænglerne med kartofler skal løftes op fra furemassen ved hjælp af topløfteorganet 4.15B is an alternative embodiment of the pressure roller 15, which is made of rubber-coated vanes, and 15C is yet another alternative embodiment of the pressure roller 15, which is formed as a half of a rubber ball. This latter pressure roller can either be made of a soft rubber material or made as a half, inflatable ball, whereby the two pressure rollers 15C form along the sides of the potato row and respectively hold the furrow mass and thus the potatoes during stem tapping or help to guide the furrow mass with potatoes. inwards over the cutting edge 5 when the potato stalks with potatoes are to be lifted up from the furrow mass by means of the top lifting means 4.

Fig. 5a, b viser stængelføringsorganer 16 i form af to fingerhjul 16A, som er anbragt regulerbart på vendeskiven 5 14's øverste akselende. Ved at fingerhjulene 16A's ud vendige diameter er væsentligt større end vendeskiven 141 s diameter, opnås at de to fingerhjul 16A overlapper hinanden og derved griber kartoffelstænglerne fra fingerhjulene 3 og fører dem ind i topløfteorganet 4. Indførings-10 organerne 16 kan også bestå af to lavtryksgummihjul 16B, eventuelt bløde gummiskiver, som ligger an mod hinanden langs omkredsen under deformation af denne, og som for øvrigt er monteret på samme måde som fingerhjulene 16A.FIG. 5a, b show stem guide means 16 in the form of two finger wheels 16A, which are arranged adjustably on the upper shaft end of the turntable 5 14. Because the outer diameter of the finger wheels 16A is substantially larger than the diameter of the turntable 141, it is achieved that the two finger wheels 16A overlap each other and thereby grip the potato stalks from the finger wheels 3 and lead them into the top lifting means 4. The insertion means 16 may also consist of two low pressure rubber wheels. 16B, possibly soft rubber discs, which abut each other along the circumference during deformation thereof, and which are otherwise mounted in the same way as the finger wheels 16A.

Gribe- og transportvirkningen fremkommer så ved, at stæng-15 lerne gribes og transporteres mellem de mod hinanden vendende deformerede perifere flader.The gripping and transporting effect is then obtained by gripping and transporting the stems between the facing deformed peripheral surfaces.

Fig. 7a, b viser en alternativ udførelsesform af indføringsorganerne 16 bestående af to skråt i forhold til hinanden placerede gummiskiver 16C med tilnærmelsesvis vertikalt 20 skiveplan, hvilke skiver ligger an mod hinanden med deres perifere partier ved skivernes bagkant, set i kartoffelhøs terens bevægelsesretning, og således at gummiskiverne 16C befinder sig lige over kartoffelrækkens top, når kar-toffelhøsteren anvendes. Skiverne 16C trækkes og er fast-25 gjort til vendeskiverne 14's akselender ved hjælp af vinkeldrev 17.FIG. 7a, b show an alternative embodiment of the insertion means 16 consisting of two rubber discs 16C inclined relative to each other with approximately vertical disc plane, which discs abut each other with their peripheral portions at the rear edge of the discs, seen in the direction of movement of the potato harvester, and so that the rubber discs 16C are just above the top of the potato row when the potato slipper is used. The discs 16C are pulled and fixed to the shaft ends of the turntables 14 by means of angle drives 17.

Ved horisontal forstilling af topløfteorganet 4 i forhold til skæret 5 samt ved anvendelse af de forskellige former for trykruller 15A, B, C kan kartoffelhøsteren 30 indstilles til at virke som ren stængelnapper, når topløfteorganet 4 er stillet fremad i forhold til skæret 5. Trykrullerne 15, eventuelt sammen med ekstra trykrullerBy horizontal positioning of the top lifting means 4 relative to the insert 5 and by using the different types of pressure rollers 15A, B, C, the potato harvester 30 can be set to act as pure stem buds when the top lifting means 4 is set forward relative to the insert 5. The pressure rollers 15 , possibly together with extra pressure rollers

Claims

146842 mounted on the frame of the potato harvester will then press the sides of the potato row downwards and maintain the shape of the row and hold the potatoes while the stems are pulled up. By displacing the top lifting means 4 backwards so that its lower 5 turning discs 14 lie approximately just above the cutting edge 5, the pressure rollers 15 will help to transport the furrow mass together with the potatoes into the cutting edge, at the same time as the stems are gripped by the top lifting means 4. In the former case , the stalks are completely separated from the mashed potatoes with potatoes before it is lifted by the cutting edge 5 and fed onto the sieve conveyor 7 for sieving and transport up to the sorting table 10. In the second case the stems are guided by the top lifting means 4 with the majority of the potatoes hanging up to the picking mechanisms 15 11 or 12, whereby the potatoes fall down on the web 9 of the conveyor 7 and are transported up to the sorting table 10, while remaining potatoes in the web 8 of the pine mass can be sorted over to web 9 on the sorting table 10. By means of the pressure roller 15B provided with shovels, 20 the sides of the furrow mass may be worked if it is necessary to loosen the soil before or during inf. depending on the conditions, the potato harvester can be mounted on a tractor 18 as shown in fig. 8 or 25 is placed as a drawn unit, as shown in fig. 9a, b, where the sorting table 10 is arranged above the insert 5 and the top lifting means 4. Patent claim.

A potato harvester with inserts (5) for receiving a potato row of rows and with a conveyor belt (7) extending obliquely upwards from the insert 14, which leads to a sorting table or belt (10), and with a top lifting means (4) consisting of two facing belt or chain conveyors, which between them form a gripping or transport path for 5 potato stalks, and which extend obliquely upwards from the cutting edge (5) and over the conveyor belt (7), a picking machine nism (11; 12) located below the gripping or transport path for separating potatoes from the root system of the stems so that they can fall onto the underlying conveyor (7), and a guide assembly to facilitate the insertion of the potato stalks in the gripping or transport path, characterized in that the top lifting means (4) is arranged horizontally displaceable in the direction of movement of the potato harvester for adjusting the lower end of the gripping or transport path relative to the cutting edge (5), and that the guide unit comprises separate s tong orientation means (2), erection means (3) and insertion means (16, 16A, 16B, 16C).

Potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the stem orientation means consist of two resilient straw dividers (2) at the front end of the potato harvester and at a mutual distance approximately corresponding to the width of one row of potatoes.

Potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the raising means consist of two mutually inclined finger wheels (3) with such a mutual distance that the peripheral parts of the finger wheels engage each other at the rear edge of the wheels, which finger wheels are pulled by friction against the ground.

Potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the insertion means consist of two mutually working, rotatable bodies (16A, 16B), which are adjustably attached to the upper shaft ends of the lower turning discs (14) of the top lifting member (4), and which are pulled together with the conveyors of the top lifting means (4).

Potato harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that the two rotatable bodies are arranged interchangeably 5 and are designed as finger wheels (16A), the fingers of which overlap each other.

Potato harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotatable bodies consist of low-pressure rubber wheels (16B), optionally soft rubber discs, which abut against each other at the circumference during deformation thereof.

Potato harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotatable bodies are constituted by obliquely arranged rubber discs (16C) with substantially vertical disc planes and abutting against each other at their peripheral portions at the rear edge of the discs, seen in the direction of movement of the potato harvester, which rubber discs (16C) are positioned so as to be just above the top of the potato row when the potato harvester is used, the slices being pulled off and attached to the upper 30 shaft ends of the turntables (14) by means of an angular drive (17).

Potato harvester according to claim 1 and any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that two pressure rollers (15) are arranged interchangeably on the underside of the turntables (14).

Potato harvester according to claim 8, characterized in that the pressure rollers (15) have the shape of cones (15A) with the cone top facing downwards.

Potato harvester according to claim 8, characterized in that the pressure rollers (15) are constituted by air-filled, soft, hemispherical bodies (15C).