DK145474B - BUILDING BLOCK AND HOUSE BUILDING MODULE SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

((19) DENMARK \ £ a> *

Ifp (12) PUBLICATION WRITING (11) 145474 B

DIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Application No. 1695/78 (51) IntCl. * E 04 C 2/34 (22) Date of submission 18 Apr. 1978 (24) Race day 18 Apr 1978 (41) Aim. available Oct 20 1978 (44) Presented 22 Nov. 1982 (86) International application # - (86) International filing day (85) Continuation day - (62) Master application no -

(30) Priority Apr 19 1977 * 7704477 * SE

(71) Applicant STUre LENNART SAMUELS SON, S-752 52 Uppsala, SE.

(72) Inventor Same.

(74) Piougmann & Vingtoft Patent Bureau.

(54) Building block and modular system for house = building.

The present invention relates to a new type of building block for the construction of highly insulated and dense buildings, especially smaller houses, and of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Most smaller building elements currently manufactured consist essentially of two parallel sheets of board material with intermediate insulating material and wooden laths, B which bond the building boards together and keep them at a desired distance from one another. With these known prefabricated building elements, the "d" blocks are made as complete as possible with finished interiors and finished 2 exteriors. As a result of this extensive machining of the building blocks, these systems become inflexible and, for example, the possibility of to place, for example, electrical installations in the blocks of a 2 145474 at a later stage, i.e. during the construction of the building, and in addition, it is difficult to join together the known building blocks so that the joints between them become sufficiently tight.

As a result of the increasingly stringent requirements for heat insulation in house construction, there has been an urgent need for better insulating laying structures than the conventionally used solid wood laying, and various types of composite laying have been developed to compare the plate elements in, among other things. in prefabricated building blocks, but most such composite laths are complicated and expensive to manufacture and / or have insufficient strength and heat insulation ability.

The invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages of these known constructions. For this purpose, according to the invention, a building block which allows a very small number of basic blocks which are simple to manufacture, have a small weight and which, in principle, lack undesirable cold bridges in the form of continuous laths, is proposed to quickly build a house construction which is very dense and highly insulated.

The module block according to the invention is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1. The building block according to the invention can be mounted and joined in a simple manner. Another significant advantage is that the inside of the assembled blocks is not completely finished, but must be completed later with a suitable inner lining, e.g. panels or building boards, thereby providing space for wiring power lines and other installations, e.g. for hot air distribution before putting on the inner lining.

Thus, one can quickly mount a tightly closed housing structure within which one can then work, for example, to do necessary installation work. It should also be noted that the building block according to the invention can be used both as wall and beam layer and ceiling elements, and as a wall element the same module block can be used as "usual" wall block, as corner block and e.g. such as overblock by windows.

Advantageously, the supporting elements of both base plates may be located on the outside of the block instead of the conventional base plates of the block 3 being connected in conventional manner by means of trimming in the space between the plates. In this way, a building block is provided containing a coherent insulation layer which is not interrupted by cold bridging grids, and the supporting elements located on the outside of the block serve as fasteners enabling a simple and tight fitting of the adjacent block in a manner which will be described below.

The invention also relates to a modular system for house building as claimed in claims 6 and 7.

The invention further relates to a method for producing the new module blocks. This process, characterized in that according to claim 8, allows for industrial scale production. Said lathes may be wooden laths, and the sheet material may be fiberboard, especially hard fiberboard. The width of the wooden lanterns is then twice as much as the desired width for the supporting elements in the finished module blocks. If desired, you can place extra cross-legs, e.g. for fixing upright panels on the module block, for transferring part of the load to the plate itself, as bracing by over blocks, etc., as will be explained in more detail below.

The mounting plates of the module plates are arranged in such a way that at least one of the modules of the module plate is outside the intermediate space between the base plates. In the following, some particular embodiments of the module board according to the invention will be described with reference to the drawing, in which 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional module building block; FIG. 2, 3 and 4 show corresponding sections in three different embodiments of the module block according to the invention; 5 and 6 illustrate a preferred method of manufacturing module blocks according to the invention; 7 shows a schematic section showing how the module block according to the invention can be joined together; FIG. 8 is a perspective view of parts of a housing wall constructed with module blocks according to the invention; and FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a detail of a module block according to the invention.

145474 4

FIG. Figure 1 shows schematically how a conventional module building block is constructed. In principle, such a block consists of two base plates 1 and 2, which are connected by two wooden luminaires 3 and 4, which occupy part of the space between the base plates 1 and 2. Between the plates 1 and 2 and the luminaires 3 and 4 are arranged. an insulating material 5. A diffusion barrier 6 is disposed on the inside of one plate 1. This module block, as seen, is completely closed, which makes it impossible - or at least very complicated - later to introduce e.g. electrical installations or drawing hot air ducts. After all, if such interventions are made, the diffusion barrier 6. In addition, the laths 3 and 4 form unwanted cold bridges.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a first embodiment of the module block according to the invention, which, in analogy with the one in FIG. 1 has two parallel base plates 1 'and 2', a diffusion barrier 6 and an intermediate insulation 5. Instead of the intermediate laths 3 and 4, however, the module block according to the invention has exterior supporting elements 7 and 8, e.g. wooden lashes which are attached - preferably fixed and / or seamed - to each of the base plates 1 'and 21, and extending edge to edge along the longitudinal side edges. The base plates 1 'and 2' of the module block according to the invention can be made of thinner plate material than the plates 1 and 2 in the embodiment of FIG. 1.

The module block according to the invention is held together with two side plates 9 and 10 by e.g. fibreboard, plywood or particleboard.

These two side plates are attached, e.g. adhered and / or seamed, on opposing laths 7 and 8 and extending from the outer edge of one lath 7 to the outer edge of the other lath 8 so that their width corresponds to the thickness of the module block.

Thus, in the module block according to the invention, the entire space between the base plates 1 'and 2' and the side plates 9 and 10 can be filled with the insulating material 5, and the side plates 9 and 10 form only insignificant cold bridges. As will be described below, adjoining module blocks may be secured to each other by suitable fasteners driven through adjacent mats 7 or 8. Various types of installations may be placed in the space between the mats 7 or 8 on the same module plate 1 'or 21 before installing an inner lining on the laths 7 and an outer liner on the laths 8. Such installations can be made without destroying the diffusion barrier 6.

FIG. 3 schematically shows an alternative embodiment in which the latches 8 'on one base plate 2' are in the space between the two base plates 11 and 2 '. Incidentally, the structure is completely analogous to that of FIG. 2. This embodiment can be used when you want to have a flat side of the module block from the beginning, e.g. for use as a beam layer element. In this case too, one can easily join two to one another; adjoining module blocks using the laths 7 as a support for nails or other fasteners. Since the inner sheets 8 * occupy only part of the distance between the plates 1 'and 2', the block's thermal insulation does not deteriorate appreciably. Furthermore, the advantages of being able to place installations in the space between the two exterior luminaires 7 are maintained. 3 also shows that the diffusion barrier 6 can alternatively be placed on the outside of the plate 1 '.

FIG. 4 shows an example of yet another alternative embodiment of the module block according to the invention, in which both the base plates 1 "and 2" as well as the supporting elements 7 "and 8" are made of sheet material, e.g. galvanized steel plate, just as the plates 1 "and 2" and the support elements 7 "and 8" are preferably made in one piece. Such a module plate is completely analogous to the base plates 1 'and 2' of FIG. 2 and 3, with lashes 7 attached thereto, i.e., each of the plate-shaped base plates 1 "and 2", in addition to the portion corresponding to plate 1 'or 2', has first portions 7a or 8a which are generally perpendicular to the plate and serve for attaching the side plates 9 and 10, and other portions 7b or 8b which are substantially parallel to the plate and serve for attaching an inner and an outer covering to the module block, respectively. The use of heat conducting metal material is made possible by the fact that this material extends substantially parallel to and not transversely through the block. The side panels 9 and 10 of heat insulating sheet material (e.g. plywood, fibreboard or chipboard) are affixed to portions 7a and 8a in a suitable manner, e.g. with glue screws, 6 145474 pop rivets, punched tabs in portions 7a and 8a or similar means. Adjacent module blocks can be mounted together e.g. using self-tapping plate screws, pop rivets or similar means.

FIG. 5 and 6 show schematically how the module block according to the invention can be manufactured. During a first step, attach - e.g. glued - lumber 12 or other divisible material parallel to a large plate element 11 at a given spacing a. The spacing a corresponds to the width of the finished module block when the side plates 9 and 10. are disregarded. along its center line S, so as to obtain more base plates with fixed adhesive layers 7. Thus each layer 12 will form an edge 7 or 8 on two different base plates. The bonding of the laths 12 to the plate element 11 can be done by conventional bonding methods, and one can also simultaneously adhere, for example, extra cross-laths, which may be desirable, e.g. for mounting upright panels, at the short ends for the load transfer between the lath and plate, for stiffening.

7 145474 at the construction site. In the latter case, if desired, only a side plate 9 or 10 which is common to two adjacent module blocks may be used. This may be particularly desirable when the module blocks have modular plates 1 "and 2" of metal plate {see fig. 4).

FIG. 6 illustrates the preparation of a module block according to FIG. 2, but by turning the module plate 2 'with the laths 8 inwardly, a module block according to FIG. 3, e.g. a girder block.

FIG. 7 and 8 illustrate how adjoining module blocks according to the invention can be easily joined together and how with just two block sizes one can build a house wall including window frames and corners. In FIG. 7, it is shown how two wider blocks A are assembled with a narrower block B at one corner.

The width and thickness of the narrower block B is then equal to the thickness of the wider block A. The dimensions of the block can, of course, be varied within the scope of the ordinary inventive idea, but in a preferred embodiment, the block A dimensions have approx.

30 x 60 cm and block B is approx. 30 x 30 cm.

For example, when mounting the blocks, the block B is first raised at a desired location and the next block A is placed into the block B such that adjacent blocks in the blocks will align with each other. The blocks are pulled together by suitable fasteners 14 which are passed through adjacent joints 7 and 8. Suitable fasteners are e.g. fastening clamps, self-tapping screws, rolled thread nails and similar means. Since the latches 7 and 8 are accessible from the outside of the module block, the assembly work becomes very simple and very tight joints can be obtained between the blocks. The density of the joints can be increased by placing a sealing material 13 and 131 between the blocks. You can also use a sheet-shaped sealing material 13 which extends over the entire surface of the side plates 9 and 10, or you can use elastic sealing strips 13 '(of rubber, plastic or similar material), such as e.g. extends parallel to the laths 7 and 8. Then the next wall block is mounted in an analogous manner.

When, as in FIG. 7 uses a corner block B, whose layers 7 and 8 are all located on the outside of the block, a cavity is formed between the two layers 8 abutting one block A. This cavity may suitably be filled before the blocks are joined. with the insulating body 15. Instead, the lanterns can be placed inside the block B (cf. Fig. 3), thereby eliminating the need for an extra insulating body 15. The width of the side plates 9 and 10 of the block B must then of course be maintained unchanged. When all the module blocks are joined in this way, a completely dense and heat-insulated wall structure is obtained, which has on the inside (and also the outside) an available space for placing e.g. electrical installations, or hot air cables shown in FIG. 7 is marked with the reference numeral 27. In case of need, an additional insulation can also be placed in this available space 16. For all these works, the diffusion barrier 6 remains completely intact.

When all the wiring is completed, the inside is provided with a suitable type of covering, e.g. plasterboard, particleboard or fiberboard, which is fixed to the available seamstresses 7.

Similarly, a facade cladding can be affixed to the laths 8, but since the need for exterior installations is considerably less, it is also possible from the outset to provide the modular block with facade cladding. The same technique can be used for floor and ceiling structures, by analogously placing an appropriate floor or ceiling covering on the available fixtures after necessary installations have been made in the space between them.

FIG. Figure 8 shows schematically and in perspective an example of walls and ceilings constructed of module blocks according to the invention. For the walls, only blocks with the two widths shown in FIG. 7, but of varying length. In the case shown, each block is provided with transverse bumps 19 and 20 which extend edge to edge along the short sides of the base plates. The cross members 19 and 20 allow for e.g. for securing the module block to e.g. a base plate and they assist in transferring the load to the baseplates so that excessive point loads can be avoided from the laths 7 and 8. Thus, a rigid unit is obtained in which loads are lowered both in laths and in baseplates ("surface bearing"). element"). In FIG. 8, it is also shown schematically how in the module block according to the invention one can also place transverse bumps 21 between the short sides of the block, e.g. as a support for standing 9 U 5474 panels. As mentioned above, the cross-members 19, 20 and 21 can also be applied in the manufacture of the baseplates 1 and 2 (see Fig. 5) and therefore do not cause any appreciable complication of the manufacturing process.

In FIG. 8, a window opening 18 is formed of two truncated module blocks of type A, which are surrounded on both sides by truncated support blocks B2 for a supine block B3. The window overblock B3 is provided with stiffening luminaires 22 which during manufacture have been attached to the base plate in an analogous manner to the transverse luminaires 19-21. In this way, window openings with standard dimensions can easily be formed and also openings for standard doors.

Thus, it is possible to build a wall structure with necessary door and window openings using only two widths of building blocks, which can later be given different lengths. Of course, there is irity which prevents the use of several types of module blocks for special purposes.

Once all the wall blocks have been erected, a coherent or block-closing plate 23 is placed on the upper side, and one can then mount beam-layer or ceiling elements which are made up of the module block according to the invention or otherwise designed. In FIG. 8, it is shown how to use a module block 24 of the one shown in FIG. 3, ie. with flat underside, for this purpose.

The module block according to the invention can be sealed upwards and downwards in a very simple manner, the space between the side plates 9 and 10 and the base plates 11 and 2 'having a substantially unbroken rectangular shape. It is therefore possible to close these ends in the simplest possible way, e.g. using two different-sized boards of different width, as illustrated in FIG. 9. The lower plate 25 has a width such that it can fit between the base plates 1 'and 2', while the upper plate 26 can be wider and abut against the outer blocks 20 of the module block (alternatively 7 and 8). The length of the plates is adjusted so that the plate 25 fits between the side plates 9 and 10. The closing block 25, 26 can be manufactured in the simplest possible way by gluing the plate 25 to a plate 26 and cutting it to desired lengths. It should be noted in this connection that fig. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of

Claims (8)

10 U5m the force-distributing transverse beams 20, which in this case extend over the entire width of the module block, while the longitudinal edge joints 7 or 8 abut the transverse beams 20. This embodiment offers yet another possibility to avoid excessive point loading from the beams 7 and 8. The invention has many variations and modifications possible within the scope of the ordinary inventive idea. For example, the plate module block of FIG. 4 is used completely analogously to that shown in FIG. 7-9. Of course, the module blocks shown can also be supplemented with various details, especially for special purposes. Eg. For example, locally stiffened side plates 9 and 10 can be used in such places where the block is subjected to large point loads. The choice of materials for the various components of the blocks can also be widely varied. For example, the laths used 7 and 8 may be made of particle board material instead of wood. claims. 1. Module block for house building and with two basically equal baseplates. (1, 2), which are arranged parallel to and next to each other and having a heat insulating material (5) located in the space between the base plates (1, 2), characterized in that an elongate supporting element (7, 7 ", 8, 8 ', 8 ") is attached to each longitudinal edge of each base plate (1, 2') with the supporting elements (7, 7", 8, 8 ', 8 ") disposed on at least one base plate (1, 2') on the outside of the module block, and that the parallel base plates (1 ', 2') are connected by two side plates (9, 10) of sheet material extending perpendicularly to the base plates, each of which is attached partly to a supporting element (7) on one base plate (11) and partly to a support element (8, 8 ', 8 ") on the other base plate (2') · Module block according to claim 1, characterized in that both the supporting elements (7, 8, 7 ", 8") of the base plates (7 ', 2') are located on the outside of the block. Module block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that transverse baffles (19, 20, 21) are secured to the base plates (1 ', 2') and extend edge to edge along the base plates (1 ', 2'). short pages. · Module block according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the supporting elements (7, 7 ", 8, 8 ', 8") are made of laths of wood material. Module block according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that at least one base plate (1) is lined with a diffusion barrier (6). A house building module system, characterized in that it comprises at least two kinds of module blocks according to any one of claims 1-5, the module blocks of one kind (B) having a width and a thickness which are equal in size and corresponding to the thickness of the module block of the other kind (A). Module system according to claim 6, characterized in that it also has a sheet or strip-shaped sealing material (13 or 13 ') intended to be placed between two adjacent module blocks (A, B). Method for manufacturing module blocks according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that on a plate element (11) fasteners (12) of a divisible material are parallel and spaced apart (a) from one another. the unit formed by laths (12) and sheet material (11) along the laths (12) and substantially through their center lines (S) to form module plates with a doctor portion (7, 8) fixed along each side edge, as required, the module sheets cut off desired length, position such module plates parallel and spaced apart, and place an insulating material (5) between the module plates, and connect the two module plates by attaching two side plates (9, 10) of plate material to opposite leg members (7, 8) on the respective module plates, the side plates (9, 10) having substantially the same length as the module plates and extending generally perpendicular thereto.