DK145264B - PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR EXPOSURE FROM BUCKET BAGS FOR PREPARING A PRESENT MATERIAL FOR THE EXTRACTION OF A BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCE - Google Patents

Description

(19) DENMARK yftay

| J | (12) PUBLICATION OF 145264 B

DIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Application No. 3427/78 (51) IntCI.3 C 12 N 9/64 (22) filing date 2 Aug · 1978 A 22 B 5/18 (24) Running day 2 Aug. 1978 (41) Aim. available Feb 3 1980 (44) Presented 1 Oct 8 1982 (86) International application no.

(86) International filing day - (85) Continuation day - (62) Master application number - (30) Priority - (71) Applicant a / S ORTHANA CHEMICAL FACTORY, 2770 Kastrup, DK.

(72) Inventor Ernst Lorenz Pedersen, DK: Erik Balslev, DK.

(74) Piougmann & Vlngtoft Patent Bureau.

(54) A method and apparatus for preparing a starting material for the extraction of a biologically active substance from the stomach of offal pigs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of producing a starting material for the recovery of a biologically active substance, preferably pepsin, from the gastric sacs, separating and comminuting portions of the fundus region where a mucosal cells are present on a membrane and an apparatus for use. by exercising the method.

F

It is known to produce a starting material for the extraction of pepsin from the fundus mucosa of porcine stomach, in which the fundus region adhering to a retina is mucosal cells with pepsin and / or precursors thereof - hereinafter called pepsin. When J stomachs to be used for the preparation of the starting material have been taken from slaughtered pigs, they are opened with a cut, peeled out and rinsed. There are several known methods for removing the fundus mucosa from such purely rinsed pig stomachs. In one of the methods most commonly used today, the fundus mucosa is loosened by placing a specific incision in the wall of the stomach, whereupon the entire mucosa is stripped at once. In a subsequent operation, if necessary, the pyloric and cardiac part of the brain is cut off so that the fundus membrane with the mucosal cells attached thereto remains. This work can be done both manually and mechanically, but due to the complexity of the work, it has proved difficult in practice to obtain a well-trimmed product on an ongoing scale on an industrial scale.

Thus, with the working speed required, it is often in practice that substantial parts of the muscle and adipose tissue are torn off together with the fundus mucosa on which the pepsin-containing cell or glandular tissue resides. Furthermore, there is often a defective cut of the pylorus and cardiac mucosa of the mucosa.

If the further processing of the thus-removed pig mucous membranes from pig stomachs has to take place elsewhere - as is usually the case - they must be packaged and frozen before shipment.

At the production site of the desired starting material for pepsin extraction, the frozen material is thawed and then comminuted, e.g. in a meat chopping machine, giving it a coarse, grainy, father-like texture. From the starting material thus prepared, pepsin can be recovered, e.g. using a method such as that described in U.S. Patent No. 2,305,714.

As explained above, the starting material prepared by the known method will contain substantial portions of tissue unattractive to the pepsin preparation, e.g. connective tissue and muscle tissue. The content of pepsin in the fundus region of pig stomachs is different for different pig breeds, as it may vary depending on the age, feeding and other conditions of growth of the pigs. Since the starting material prepared using the known method described above has only a minor content of the interesting pepsin-containing glandular or mucosal tissue, only a satisfactory pepsin yield is obtained per day. weight unit of the starting material, if pork belly bags with a relatively high pepsin content and partly well-trimmed fundus pouches are used to prepare this starting material. Furthermore, since the starting material produced by the known methods is very disparate in terms of pepsin content and trimming quality, it has not been possible in practice to establish adequate material specifications for the starting material.

1Λ526Λ 3

The invention provides a process which is simpler than the aforementioned known method and which enables the preparation of a more uniform starting material with a particularly high concentration of the desired biologically active substance, such as e.g. pepsin.

The method of the invention is characterized in that the mucosal cells are removed from the individual gastric sacs by such mechanical separation of the cells from the supporting fundus membrane that it remains stuck on the gastric sac. Thus, by releasing the interesting mucosal cells from the membrane to which they are attached, a starting material with a particularly high concentration of the substance of interest for the recovery of the desired biologically active substance, which may be, for example, pepsin or mucin, is obtained. and this starting material having a mucous consistency does not require a further comminution operation, as is the case with the above known method.

The starting material prepared by the process according to the invention has the advantage of its mucous consistency that it can be easily homogenized and mixed in such a way that the quality becomes uniform and material specifications can be more easily indicated, e.g. in the form of pepsin content. Furthermore, if desired, the mucous starting material can be easily adjusted by means of suitable additives, and it can also be transported by pumping, e.g. in a treatment plant.

The method according to the invention enables a selective selection of cellular tissue precisely from the areas which have the highest content of the substance of interest. Due to the fact that the process according to the invention can produce a starting material having a substantially increased concentration of the substance of interest, e.g. pepsin, or mucin, can also profitably produce the desired starting material from stomachs, the concentration of which is so small that they have not hitherto been considered to allow sufficient profitable production. Compared to the known method, the method according to the invention further has the advantage that the stomachs are not destroyed by the said mechanical separation of the mucosal cells, which is why the treated stomachs can later be used for other purposes, e.g. storage purposes.

4 14526 / +

It is known from United States Patent No. 2,630,539 to clean stomachs of slaughter animals, in a grinding operation removing the entire inner stomach skin with membranes and mucosal cells, after which the abraded mucosal parts are rinsed with water jets.

While in this known method, as the finished product, purified gastric sacs are removed, the abrasive inner abdominal skin is rinsed off as a waste product, the process of the invention, as the main product, obtains one of the mucosal cells from selected regions of the gastric sacs to produce pepsin in particular, and this material is not mixed with water or otherwise diluted. The treated stomachs, which in the process according to the invention must be regarded as a by-product, can optionally be used for other purposes.

According to the invention, the separation of the mucosal cells from the membrane to which they are attached can take place in any suitable manner, e.g. by mowing. Such a mowing can be done, for example, by means of a mower that is reminiscent of an electric razor. Thus, a very thin stationary spacer, preferably in the form of a frame or cutting grid, may be pressed in between the mucosal cells and in contact with the fundus membrane, and the portions of the mucosal projecting through the spacer may then be cut off by a cutting means. The separation of the mucosal cells may instead advantageously occur by scraping or scraping.

The terms "scraping" and "scraping" are understood here in their broadest sense. Thus, the term "scraping" should also include an operation which may have the character of a cutting or shaving like that which occurs when using a razor with one or more sharp cutting blades. Similarly, the term "scavenging" should, for example, include scraping off mucosal cells in a centrifuge, where the centrifuge rotor or centrifuge curve internally has rasping means, and the stomachs are then placed in the centrifuge basket with the inner side squeezed out.

5 1Α526Λ

Generally, the abrasion or scraping is most easily effected when said abdominal portions during the abrasion or abrasion of mucosal cells are held extended over a support surface with the normal outer surface of the abdomen abutting against it. Thus, the portions of the abdominal sac to be abraded may be placed on a table or other flat surface, but the support surface advantageously has a curved shape similar to the natural curvature of the stomach.

Thus, the gastric sac can be advantageously placed on a support mandrel prior to the scraping or scraping of the mucosal cells. Advantageously, to facilitate the insertion and removal of gastric sacs on the mandrel, it may be removable or foldable. The stomach can then be applied to the mandrel when it is in a collapsed state, after which the mandrel can be played out so that the wall of the stomach bag is held tight while the scraping or shedding takes place and the mandrel can be folded again when the stomach is to be removed again. The application and removal of the stomach can be further facilitated by using vacuum and compressed air respectively.

When trying to remove the mucosal cells from the abdominal wall by scraping, one may encounter difficulties because the membrane that forms the basis of the mucosal cells is easily displaced relative to the underlying layers of muscle and adipose tissue. Therefore, during the scraping, the web will tend to displace as a "wave" in front of the scraping edge, which means that the scraping edge cannot perform its scraping function satisfactorily. This disadvantage can be avoided if the scraping edge is only moved in one direction away from an area of the stomach that is clamped or secured. It has been found that the scraping edge or egg tends to tear the mucosa into pieces if the traction force transmitted to the given spot during the scraping operation becomes too great. This disadvantage can be avoided by adjusting the length of the scraping edge so that it cannot transfer an unduly high force to the mucosa. Accordingly, the shorter the length of the scraping edge, the greater the resistance of the mucosa and the mucosal cells then present to the movement of the scraping edge. If the scraping edge is in the form of a cutting egg, it can be made relatively long, while it must be made substantially smaller if the scraping edge is such that it is not cutting but has a clean scraping effect.

6 145264 When using a scraping device with a short scraping edge, in order to scrape a larger area, a greater number of scraping movements must be made, which is less rational in an industrial production. Therefore, a scraping device having two or more rows of spaced edges or scraping edges is preferably used, and the scraping edges in successive rows may be offset relative to each other.

The length of the individual scratch edges must then be adjusted to the above conditions, ie. depending on the orientation and sharpness of the scratch edges. By means of such a scraper device, a larger area can be scraped by a single scraping motion. Advantageously, the scraper may take the form of a roll of radially projecting teeth forming the scraping edges, and the roll may be rotated as it moves along the portion of the stomach to be scraped.

In this way, a particularly effective scraping can be made that will have the character of a brushing. In this case, the scraping efficiency can be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the roller relative to its feed rate. The scraper edges of the scraper device used preferably have a profile which is substantially complementary to the profile of the mandrel. Thus, the mandrel may have a surface portion which forms part of a cylinder surface, preferably a circular cylinder surface, and the scraper device, whose profile corresponds to the bar line of the cylinder and thus preferably in the form of a circular arc, is then moved parallel to the cylinders surface.

As already indicated above, a scraping device resembling a razor may also advantageously be used which is adapted to abut against a cylinder surface of a mandrel. Such a scraper device may have either a single blade, e.g. having a semi-circular shape, or several adjacent to each other with spaced apart and / or parallel blades, e.g. has a semicircular shape and which, in one or more successive movements, can be passed along the mandrel, thereby shaving off the mucosal cells.

The invention also relates to an apparatus for use in carrying out the method described above, and the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that it has a very thin spacer, preferably in the form of a frame or a cutting grid, arranged to be pressed into it. between the mucosal cells and in contact with the fundus membrane and a cutting means adapted to cooperate with the inner side of the spacer for cutting off portions of the mucosal cells projecting through the spacer. Using such an apparatus, which operates on a principle similar to that of an electric razor, a rational separation of the mucosal cells from the fundus membrane can be made.

The invention further relates to a second apparatus for use in carrying out the method described above, and this apparatus is characterized in that it has a scraper having one or more rows of spaced edges or scraping edges, a mandrel for supporting a belly and means for moving the scraping device along a surface portion of the mandrel, which surface portion is part of a cylinder surface, that the moving means are arranged to move the scraping device in the producing direction of the cylinder surface, and that the scraping edges of the scraping device form a profile complementary to the guide surface of the cylinder surface. .

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows a pig stomach whose one wall is removed; FIG. 2 is, on a larger scale, part of a section of the embodiment of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a mandrel forming part of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 4 shows the embodiment of FIG. 3 in use; FIG. 5 and 6 show different embodiments of scraping devices for the embodiment shown in FIG. 4; and FIG. 7 shows a roller for replacing the one in FIG. 4.

The FIG. 1, gastric bag 10 has a fundus region 11 that is distinctly different from the other regions of the lining of the stomach and in which the mucosal cells take the form of glandular tissue 12 containing pepsin or precursors thereto. The glandular tissue 12 is attached to a basement membrane or a membrane 13 which separates the glandular tissue 12 from outer layers 14 of muscle and adipose tissue, see FIG. 2nd

8 145264

In the normally used of the known methods, the mucosa which consists of the mucosal cells 12 and the membrane 13 at one time, after which the fundus membrane is isolated by cutting off the pylorus and cardiac mucosa of the mucosa. After tearing the mucosa from the stomach 10, the muscle and adipose tissue 14 remain. However, as explained above, in practice this tear often occurs that substantial portions of the layers 14 accompany the web13, and unwanted portions of the pylorus and cardiac mucosa of the mucosa are not cut off.

However, in the method of the invention, the mucosal cells 12 are separated from the fundus region of the stomach so that the web 13 remains substantially intact and attached to the underlying layers 14. Furthermore, only the fundus region mucosal cells are separated from the web.

The FIG. 3 and 4 have a generally cylindrical mandrel 15 connected to a vacuum line 16 and a compressed air line 17. The vacuum line 16 communicates with the internal cavity of the mandrel 15, which in turn is connected to the ambient atmosphere via openings 18 in the upper part of the mandrel. Compressed air lines 17 are connected to a pipe 19 centrally located in the mandrel 15 which opens into the upper end surface of the mandrel in an opening 20.

The stomach 10 to be treated is placed face-down on the mandrel 15, as shown in FIG. 4. When the stomach is disposed on the mandrel, it can be retained thereon by creating a vacuum in the internal cavity of the mandrel via the vacuum line 16. Optionally, this vacuum can also be used to facilitate the application of the stomach 10. The apparatus also comprises a scraper device 21, see fig. 4 and 5, which have rows of spaced apart teeth 22, the free ends of which form scraping edges, and the teeth 22 in adjacent tooth rows are preferably displaced relative to each other. The scraping edges formed by the teeth are substantially along a circular arc whose diameter substantially corresponds to the diameter of the outer cylinder surface of the mandrel 15. When the teeth 22 of the scraper device 21 are pressed against the stomach 10 arranged on the mandrel 15 with a suitable abutment pressure and then moved in the longitudinal direction of the mandrel 15, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the mucosal cells 12 are scraped over a relatively wide area of the stomach 10. The base portion 23 on which the teeth 22 are disposed may be in the form of a suction box which can be vacuum-fed by a vacuum line 24, and the scraped glandular tissue may then is sucked into the suction box 23 through openings 25 (see Fig. 6) and away through the vacuum line 24.

The scraper 21 has on the base 23 mounting means 26 on which handles or handles not shown may be mounted when the scraper is to be operated manually. However, the scraper device 21 is preferably operated mechanically, e.g. by means of hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical drive means (not shown), on which the driving device can then be mounted with the mounting means 26. The teeth 22 can instead of the one shown in FIG. 5 has a more rounded shape, as shown in FIG.

6. When the scraping process, after one or more scraping movements by means of the scraper device 21, is completed, the stomach 10 can be easily removed from the mandrel by closing the vacuum line 16 while opening the compressed air line 17 by means of suitable valves not shown. The stomach 10 will then be blown away from the mandrel by compressed air flowing through the tube 19 and out of the opening 20, and a new stomach 10 may then be placed on the mandrel 15, after which the process can be repeated.

The 4-6, as described above, may take the form of cutting edges having a razor-like shape with fixed blades. Such cutting eggs can be given a substantially greater length than shown in the drawing.

Instead of scraping devices of the embodiment of FIG. 5 and 6, a roller-shaped scraper 27 shown in FIG.

7. This roller is provided with radially projecting teeth 22, the free ends of which form scraping edges and whose longitudinal profile is in the form of a circular arc whose diameter is substantially equal to the diameter of the cylinder surface of the mandrel 15. These teeth 22 may, as with the previously described scraping devices, be arranged in axial rows, and the teeth in successive rows may be displaced axially relative to one another. This roller 27 may be mounted on suitably not shown drive means which can cause it to rotate about its shaft 28 and at the same time move the roller in the axial direction of the mandrel 15 while keeping the abrasive edges of the teeth 22 on the abdominal bag located on the mandrel 15. way can be done

Claims (15)

A method of preparing from the stomachs (10) of porcine pigs a starting material for the recovery of a biologically active substance, preferably pepsin, separating from the gastric sacs and dividing portions of the fundus region (11) where a Twine (13) is found. trapped mucosal cells (12), characterized in that the mucosal cells (12) are removed from the individual gastric sacs (10) by such mechanical separation of the cells from the supporting fundus membrane (13) as to remain fixed on the gastric sac. li 145264 A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a very thin spacer, preferably in the form of a frame or a cutting grid, is pressed between the mucosal cells and in contact with the fundus membrane, and that the portions of the mucous cells protruding through the spacer are cut off. a cutting means. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of the mucosal cells takes place by scraping or scraping. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the scraping takes the form of a shaving by means of a razor-like scraper device with one or more sharp cutting blades. Method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the fundus region (11) of the stomachs during the separation of the mucosal cells (12) is kept extended over a support surface (15) with the normal outer surface of the stomach. \ The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the stomachs (10) are placed in a protracted state on a support judgment (15). Method according to claim 6, characterized in that a retractable or retractable mandrel is used. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that a scraper (21, 27) is used with two or more rows of spaced edges or scraping edges (22). Method according to claim 8, characterized in that a scraper device is used in the form of a roller (27) with radially protruding teeth (22) forming the scraping edges and that the roller is rotated as it moves along the fundus region of the stomach ( 11). 12 145264 Method according to any of claims 3-9, characterized in that a scraper device (21, 27) is used, the scraping edge or edges having a profile which is substantially complementary to the profile of the mandrel (15). An effective scraping or brushing of mucosal cells 12, and these cells can be collected, for example, in a collection tray or collection funnel not shown below the mandrel 15. The teeth 22 of the roller 27 may, instead of the sharp-edged shape, have a more rounded shape similar to that of FIG. 6 hinted. It should be noted that, in accordance with the invention, various modifications can be made to the apparatus shown in the drawing. For example, the mandrel 15 may advantageously be playable and collapsible, thereby further facilitating the loading and unloading of gastric sacs. The mandrel 15 may also be disposed axially displaceable relative to a thrust plate or stripper ring so that the stomach can be removed from the mandrel by an axial movement of this thrust plate and / or by the mandrel. Due to the concave profile of the roller-shaped scraper 27, the scraper edges of the teeth 22 will move at a somewhat different peripheral speed. In order to limit this speed difference, instead of a single roller, two adjacent rollers may be used. Although the invention above has been specifically explained in connection with the preparation of starting material for the extraction of pepsin, it is clear that the method and apparatus of the invention can also be used in connection with scraping off mucosal cells used as starting material for the extraction of other biologically active substances. . Claims. 11. Apparatus for use in practice! Claim 2, characterized in that it has a very thin spacer, preferably in the form of a frame or cutting grid, arranged to be pressed in between the mucosal cells and in contact with the fundus membrane and a cutting means adapted to cooperate with the inner side of the spacer. cutting off portions of the mucosal cells projecting through the spacer. Apparatus for use in the practice of claim 8, characterized in that it has a scraper (21, 27) having one or more rows of spaced edges or scraping edges (22), a mandrel (15) for supporting of a stomach (10) and means for moving the scraper device (21, 27) along a surface portion of the mandrel, which surface portion is a portion of a cylinder surface, the moving means being arranged to move the scraper device (21, 27) in the producing face of the cylinder surface and that the scraping edges of the scraping device form a profile that is complementary to the profile or guide line of the cylinder surface. Apparatus according to claim 12,. characterized in that the scraper edges in successive rows are mutually displaced in the longitudinal direction of the edges. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13 for use in the practice of claims 9-10, characterized in that the scraping device is in the form of a rotatable roller (27) with radially projecting teeth (22) forming the scraping edges. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the scraping devices have a razor-like shape with fixed blades.