DK145240B - TERMORUDE WITH A STEAM-STANDING LAY ALONG THEIR EDGE - Google Patents

Description

μΛ (19) DENMARK \ Ri

® | (12) PRESENTATION WRITING ου 11 + 5240 B

DIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Application No. 5390/69 (51) | nt.CI.3 E 06 B 3/66 (22) Filing date 24 Jun. 1969 (24) Race day 24 Jun. 1969 (41) Aim. available Feb 3 1970 (44) Presented 1 1 · Oct. 1982 (86) International application # - (86) International filing day - (85) Continuation day - (62) Standing application no -

(30) Priority Aug 2 1968, 749758, US

(71) Applicant PPG INDUSTRIES INC., Pittsburgh, US.

(72) Inventor George Henry Bowser, US.

(74) Associate Engineer Hofman-Bang & BoutarcL.

(54) Thermal window with a vapor-resistant layer along the entire edge.

In the manufacture of double glazing of the kind described in the preamble of claim 1, a number of troublesome manufacturing problems are encountered. The most important of these problems is that it is difficult to adapt this structure or shape to make units whose edges are curved or non-linear. In this regard, a double glazing can usually be characterized either as a standard unit or as a special unit. By the term a "standard unit" is here meant a flat rectangular unit with 3 standardized sizes. "Special units" will include all possible deviations from such standard units, including non-planar units, non-rectangular units, and r units having one or more curved edge portions.

έ 2 145240

For the manufacture of both standard units and special units of the type concerned, a number of sections of metallic tubular spacer elements are filled with a desiccant and joined at the ends, corresponding to the geometric shape, of the unit being manufactured. To make a standard unit, four equal pieces of spacer material are used, which are joined at right angles to form a generally flat rectangular spacer of the desired size. In making a special unit, its shape, and thus the shape of the spacer, is not limited to a storage size or a generally rectangular shape. Parts of spacer material can be joined at an angle different from 90 °, and one or more spacers can be bent or otherwise shaped according to the contour of the specially cut or specially bent glass panels that form part of a special unit.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that in the manufacture of special types of double glazing, the normal problems present in the manufacture of double glazing of the type described are sharpened. Special clamping devices and holders that require special treatment are often required, and curved-edge units require the metallic spacers to bend to the desired contour of the unit. If a concave or convex unit is to be manufactured, it is necessary that the bent spacer has a radius of curvature similar to that of the glass sheets to ensure uniform thickness of the unit and a good hermetic closure, and to prevent the possibility of introduction unfortunate tensions in the glass panels.

The object of the invention is to provide a double glazing with a spacer element which is considerably easier to assemble than has hitherto been known for both standard and special forms and which can be designed with a desired moisture-absorbing effect.

This object is achieved in that the double glazing is designed as indicated in the characterizing part of claim 1, wherein a pre-designed flexible spacer element can easily be placed e.g. between vaulted glass panels. The moisture absorbing effect can be varied depending on the extent and location of the vapor permeable material.

3 145240

By means of the measures specified in claim 2, the work is facilitated by assembling the thermal pane, while claim 3 indicates a preferred vapor permeable material.

In the following, some embodiments of double glazing according to the invention will be described with reference to the drawing, wherein;

Pig. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a double glazing made according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a section, partly in perspective, taken along the line ΙΙ-ΙΪ in FIG.

1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, while FIG. 4-9 show corresponding sections through a variety of embodiments. 1 and 2, a typical special window aperture 10 of special shape is shown, consisting of two bent glass sheets 12 and 14 arranged in parallel with a gap to form an insulating air space between the sheets. The glass sheets 12 and 14 may be hardened, stained or laminated, or may have other special mechanical or optical properties. The unit 10 shown has a convex shape with a curved top 16, a curved bottom 18 and straight side edges 20 and 22.

As shown in FIG. 2, the glass plates 12 and 14 are separated along the edges by a continuous spacer 24. The spacer 24 has a cross-section generally in the form of an hour glass and is adhered to the glass plates 12 and 14 by a continuous layer or bead of an adhesive, moisture-resistant mastic mixture. In addition, a moisture-resistant mastic blend 28 is adhered to the outside of the spacer 24, the edge surfaces 30 of the glass panels, and rim portions 32 of the outer sides of the glass panels. Mastic coatings 26 and 28 extend along the entire circumference of the unit and may consist of the same or of different materials. border strip 34 of U-shaped cross section also extends along the entire circumference of the unit to protect the edges. The edge strip 4 usually consists of several pieces joined or bumped together at the ends. Where desired, an unstitched adhesive strip may be applied along the outer sides of the edge strip 34. A preferred shape and method of mounting of the edge strip 34 for use in certain special forms of double glazing is described in a parallel U.S.A. Patent Application Serial No. 706,896, filed Feb. 20, 1968, by P.H. Hughes.

The drying spacer 24 forms the basis of the present invention. This element 24 consists of a desiccant 36 dispersed in a mass 38 of a water vapor permeable material. This material 38 acts to provide the necessary connection between the air gap of the unit 10 and the desiccant 36, so that moisture from the air within the unit will be adsorbed by the substantially uniformly dispersed desiccant. Preferably, the material of mass 38 is also a material which at room temperature is smooth or easily deformable to any shape or contour that may be desired.

The preferred type of desiccants which may be used in the practice of the invention, and which are now covered by patents of the composition, are the synthetically produced crystalline metal aluminosilicates or crystalline zeolites. A particular example of a synthetically produced crystalline zeolite which is particularly satisfactory and covered by U.S.A. patents Nos. 2,882,243 and 2,882,244 are Linde Molecular Sieve 13X in powdered form, manufactured by Union Carbide Corporation. However, other desiccants or adsorbents such as anhydrous calcium sulfate, activated aluminum soil, silica gel and similar materials may also be used.

The preferred type of material for the mass 38 is the family of thermoplastic elastomers comprising block copolymers of styrene and butadiene as contemplated in U.S.A. patent specification no.

3,265,765. A particular example of a particularly suitable thermoplastic block copolymer of styrene and butadiene is Thermolastics' 226 manufactured by Shell Chemical Company. However, other thermoplastic materials permeable to water vapor or similar thermosetting materials and vulcanizable materials may also be used.

5 145240

In the present invention, it is only necessary that the material used for the pulp 38, the base material, be capable of conducting water vapor and also be capable of acting as a carrier or matrix material for the desiccant used. In order for adsorption by a desiccant dispersed therein to occur at an appropriate rate, the selected base material should have a permeability to water vapor higher than about 10%. 15 g per 24 hours a day m2 at 37.8 ° C and 90 $> relative humidity. Particularly good results are obtained when the permeability of water vapor under the stated conditions is above approx. 50 g per 24 hours a day

m2. Under these conditions, the water vapor permeability of 2

Thermolastic 226 approx. 55 g per 24 hours a day m.

Other examples of materials having the desired properties mentioned include polyacrylate elastomers, acrylonitrile butadiene copolymers, polybutadiene elastomers, silicone elastomers, polyamide resins, urethane elastomers, epoxy resins, polyester resins, phenol resins, urea formaldehyde resins, cellulose resins, resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and the like.

EXAMPLE I

A spacer 24 according to the invention was prepared as follows with the following composition:

Component Weight parts

Thermolastic 226 100

Linde Molecular Sieve 13Σ 50 Carbon Smoke (Statex G) 5

Grain of Thermolastic 226 was introduced into a duplex mill heated to a temperature of approx. 120 ° 0. The grains were soaked for approx. 5 minutes before the rolling mill was started. The grains were then rolled thoroughly until a uniform plate of the material was formed. The powdered desiccant was slowly added to the plate, and after it was all added, the resulting plate was cut into strips and returned to the rolling mill at least five times. This process of adding material, cutting and returning to the mill was then repeated during the addition of carbon black. This is used only as a dye and its use is not essential in the present invention. The finished product was taken from the rolling mill and cut into 13 mm strips stored in a sealed container until subsequent extrusion to the desired shape.

A mold was selected to provide the desired shape of the spacer. This mold was inserted into a Killion 100 extrusion press. The press cylinder was heated to approx. 120 ° C and the die was heated to 115 - 126 ° C4 The screw speed of the press was set to approx. 2.5. The prepared 13 mm strips of material of the desired composition were then inserted into the filling funnel and extruded to the desired shape.

The following are typical characteristics of the mentioned materials Thermolastic 226 and Linde Molecular Sieve 13X: \

Thermolastic_226

Low temperature flexibility ° 0? -4.8 ° C

. at Young module at 7031 kg / cnr 2

Tensile strength a) at breakage 45.7 kg / cm

Module at $ 300 extension 19 »3 kg / cm ^

Breakage Extension 740 $ Sentence a ^ at breakage 15 1 °

Extension / Sentence 50 Hardness, Shore A 45

Yerzley elasticity ^ 78 $>

Drop Ball Bounce '65 $ Density 1.00

Melt index g / 10 min.

a 90 E 20 7 145240 a) "D" mold sample extended at 200 # / min., 23 ° C.

b) At 20 # deflection, 23 ° C.

c) Measured by air pycnometer, 23 ° C.

d) ASTM D - 1238.

Linde Molecular Sleeve 13X

ITominal pore diameter 10 Angstroms

Form Powder • 2

Room weight 480 kg / no

Heat of adsorption (max) 990 kcal / kg HgO

equilibrium capacity 36 $>

Adsorbent molecules Molecules with an effective diameter 10 Angstroms +) kg H «0 pr. 100 kg activated desiccant at T7.5 mm Hg, 25 C.

Moisture adsorption testing with the pulverized Linde Molecular Sieve 13X as received, and with the spacer mentioned in Example I, showed that the desiccant at 60 ° C and 96% relative humidity in both samples adsorbed about the same percent moisture, namely 27.2 $> by weight based on the weight of the desiccant.

TABLE 1

Water adsorption test Desiccant Percentage increase in humidity_ 19 hours 142 hours 15 days

Powdered Linde Molecular

Sieve 13X (as received) 27.02 27.24 27.26

Mixture of Example I 13.81 23.28 27.18 in 8 145240

It will be seen that the drying spacer was only saturated after approx. 15 days, while the pulverized material as received was substantially saturated within 24 hours. From the foregoing, it is calculated that no more than 0.3% by weight of said desiccant, based on the weight of the constituents of Example I, is required to achieve a dew point of -17.8 ° C in a double glazing unit manufactured at 21 ° C, $ 90 relative humidity and measuring 356 mm x 508 mm with the glass plates spaced 6.3 mm by a spacing element of 6.3 mm for 8 mi extending along the entire circumference of the unit. ' By weight of the powdered desiccant in Example I, it is found that the blend may contain at least $ 60 by weight of the desiccant.

Among the mastic blends that have been successfully used for coatings 26 and 28 are pretreated materials, as described in TT.S.A. Patent No. 2,974,377, thermoplastic materials, as disclosed in "Handbook of Adhesives", chapter 36, "Hot-Melt Adhesives", Reinhold Publishing Corp. 1962, and materials that cure at room temperature as described in United States Patent Room temperature-curing materials which flow cold to form a seal and hardener to form an elastic joint are particularly advantageous for use in the present invention.

In FIG. 3 to 9 are shown a number of other embodiments of the invention. Legs of FIG. 3 differs from that of FIG. 2 showed that instead of a layer 28 of mastic along the circumference and edge portions of the unit as described in FIG. 2, an elastic, moisture resistant plastic strip 40 with a layer 28 of mastic is used, which strip is located along the edge surfaces of the glass plates 12 and 14 and the spacer member 24.

A U-shaped edge strip 34 is then mounted along the perimeter of the unit.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the spacer member 24 is adhered to a layer 26 of the mastic to the rim portions of the glass sheets 12 and 14. A strip 42 of aluminum foil with an applied layer 28 of mastic is placed around the edge surfaces of the glass sheets 12 and 14 and the spacer 24, and also without about the outer edge portions 32 of the glass sheets.

9 145240

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, instead of aluminum foil, a pressure-sensitive strip 44 with a layer 28 of mastic is applied along the edge surfaces of the glass plates 12 and 14 and the spacer 24 '. As shown, the mastic coating 28 is completed at the outer surfaces of the glass plates and the pressure-sensitive strip 44 which is wider than the thickness of the finished unit 10, is bent and adhered to the rim portions 32 of the exterior of the glass panels.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, an aluminum foil strip 42 is provided with a layer 28 of mastic, and a rectangular spacer 24 is either extruded directly on or after manufacture located on the mastic coating 28 where it is retained by adhesive. The sides of the spacer 24 are primed with a thin layer of rubber-based adhesive 46, and the spacer 24 is then placed between the opposing edge portions of a pair of glass sheets 12 and 14. The side edges of the foil strip are adhered to the mastic layer 28 around the rim portions 32 of the outer surfaces of the glass sheets.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a spacer member 48 of mastic, of the same or similar composition as the layers 26 and 28 of the above-described embodiments, is sandwiched between the opposing edge portions of the glass sheets 12 and 14 and is provided with an insert 24 of drying spacer material. This insert 24 communicates with the air space between the glass panels. A strip 50 of metal foil or plastic material having a pressure-sensitive coating is arranged around the edge surfaces of the glass plates and spacer element 48.

The FIG. 8 is similar in nature, however, a triangular insert 24 of drying spacer material is used here. Further, the spacer member 48 has a T-shape, the arms of the Τ extending beyond the edge surfaces of the glass plates in the same manner as the mastic layer 28 in several of the preceding embodiments. In this embodiment, the coating strip 50 is not provided with an adhesive pressure-sensitive coating, as the strip will adhere to the mastic material of which the spacer 48 consists.

10 145240

The ted shown in FIG. 9, the drying spacer element 24 itself has generally T-shaped cross section. As shown, the spacer member 24 has a center branch 52 which is spaced apart between the sheets of glass 12 and 14. The sides of the member 24 are primed with a thin coating 46 of gum-based adhesive. Each of the T's side arms 54 extends a short distance along the edge surface of the respective glass plate.

It will be seen that the arms 54 form reference edges for accurately positioning the spacer 24 relative to the glass plates.

The arms 54 prevent any part of the element 24 from being pushed further in from the edge of the unit 10 than intended. as shown in FIG. 2, there is a layer 28 of moisture resistant mastic and a U-shaped edge strip 34 along the entire circumference of the unit.

Rectangular specimens were prepared according to the invention in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 and in a size of 356 mm x 508 mm, consisting of two 3.2 mm glass panels separated by an air gap of 6.3 +/- 2.4 mm. From the beginning, each sample had a dew point of -51 ° C or lower. The following tests were performed with the results indicated.

Hugtighedsprøvning

Samples were subjected to atmospheric conditions maintained at 43 ° C and 90 ° C for a continuous period of 60 days at relative humidity. The test result was considered satisfactory if the dew point at the end of the 60 day period was -51 ° C or lower.

Specimen Dew Point ° C

no start 30 days 60 days Bern.

1 -51 -51 -51 Approved 2 -51 -51 -51 "3 -51 -51 -51" 4 -51 -51 -48 Acceptable 145240 11

Alternating temperature and high humidity test

Specimens were exposed to an atmosphere maintained at 90 ° C and gradually heated to 49 ° C +/- 3 ° C over a 3 hour period, followed by gradual cooling through 3 hours to -7 ° C. C +/- 3 ° C. A specimen was considered approved if the dew point after at least 300 temperature cycles was -51 ° 0 or lower.

Specimen Dew Point ° C

no start 120 bikes 240 bikes 360 bikes Bem.

9 -51 -51 -51 -51 Well-known 10 -51 -51 -51 -51 "11 -51 -51 -51 -51" 12 -51 -51 -51 -51 "

Ultraviolet radiation as well as cyclic testing

Samples were subjected to ultraviolet radiation for a continuous period of 500 hours. The glass temperature, measured at the surface in the corners of the specimens, was adjusted so that it did not exceed 49 ° 0. The ultraviolet irradiation test was considered passed if the dew point after 500 hours was -51 ° C or lower.

Immediately after the ultraviolet radiation, the specimens were subjected to the above-described test with alternating temperatures and high humidity, for a period of 60 continuous cycles. Again, the test was considered to pass if the dew point after 60 cycles was -51 ° 0 or lower.

12 145240

Specimen Ultraviolet Radiation Cyclic Test Bem.

year. Bug point ° C Bug point ° G

start 500 hours start 60 cycles 5 -51 -51 -51 -51 Well-known 6 -51 -51 »51 -51" 7 -51 -51 -51 -51 "8 -51 -51 -51 -51

The drying spacer used for the tests described was composed as set forth in Example I, as previously mentioned, a spacer having elastomeric properties is obtained. The use of an elastomeric or flexible spacer is considered to be particularly desirable in the practice of the invention, as it can be readily used for the manufacture of standard glazed double glazing and can also be easily bent, shaped, notched, joined, or otherwise adapted to any desired contour for use in the manufacture of special types of double glazing.

As the test results show, double glazing made according to the invention will work extremely well even under the most stringent test conditions.