DK142607B - Method of rebuilding a metal tube. - Google Patents
Method of rebuilding a metal tube. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK142607B DK142607B DK34873A DK34873A DK142607B DK 142607 B DK142607 B DK 142607B DK 34873 A DK34873 A DK 34873A DK 34873 A DK34873 A DK 34873A DK 142607 B DK142607 B DK 142607B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- mold
- tube
- metal tube
- pieces
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
- B22D23/10—Electroslag casting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
Description
142607142607
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til genfremstilling af et metalrør.The invention relates to a method for making a metal tube.
I den petrokemiske industri i Japan benyttes et antal pyrolyserør og reformerrør, f.eks. i etylenfabrikker, brint-5 fabrikker og ammoniakfabrikker. De fleste af disse metalrør er fremstillet af et stål, hvilket indeholder 0,4% C, 25% Cr og 20% Ni, resten jern (ASTMA 351-70, HK40) og har en indre diameter på 38 til 150 mm og en vægtykkelse på omkring 12 mm.In the petrochemical industry in Japan, a number of pyrolysis tubes and reformer tubes are used, e.g. in ethylene factories, hydrogen factories and ammonia factories. Most of these metal pipes are made of steel containing 0.4% C, 25% Cr and 20% Ni, the rest iron (ASTMA 351-70, HK40) and having an internal diameter of 38 to 150 mm and a wall thickness of about 12 mm.
På grund af dårlige bearbejdningsmuligheder har disse rør indtil 10 nu været fremstillet ved centrifugalstøbning. Rør fremstillet af HK40 stål benyttes i en atmosfære holdt ved en temperatur så højtsom 800 til 1000°C, fordi HK40 stålet har det fordelagtige træk, at det kulstof, der er tilstede i matricen i form af en fast opløsning, når stålet benyttes ved så høje 15 temperaturer, udfældes fint i den austenitiske struktur og medfører udfældningshærdning og således forøger materialets højtemperaturstyrke eller krybestyrke.Due to poor machining capabilities, these tubes have now been manufactured by centrifugal casting until 10. Pipes made of HK40 steel are used in an atmosphere maintained at a temperature as high as 800 to 1000 ° C because the HK40 steel has the advantageous feature that the carbon present in the matrix in the form of a solid solution when the steel is used at high temperatures, precipitates nicely in the austenitic structure and results in precipitation hardening, thus increasing the high temperature or creep strength of the material.
Når stålet har været benyttet i en lang periode (normalt mere end tre år) ,begynder det udfældede karbid at agglomerere, 20 medens stålets kemiske sammensætning ikke undergår forandring, hvorved den austenitiske strukturs højtemperaturstyrke forringes. Derfor har det været almindeligt at udskifte de metalrør af HK40 stål, der benyttes i forskellige petrokemiske fabrikker, med nye rør ca. hvert tredie år. Indtil i dag er de 25 benyttede metalrør blevet kasseret som skrot, hvilket er uøkonomisk, især når rørene består af dyre legerede stål, såsom HK40 stål.When the steel has been used for a long period (usually more than three years), the precipitated carbide begins to agglomerate, while the chemical composition of the steel does not undergo change, thereby degrading the high temperature strength of the austenitic structure. Therefore, it has been common to replace the metal tubes of HK40 steel used in various petrochemical factories with new pipes approx. every three years. To date, the 25 metal tubes used have been discarded as scrap, which is uneconomical, especially when the tubes consist of expensive alloy steels, such as HK40 steel.
Det skal her indskydes, at det fra offentliggjort tysk patentskrift nr. 1817064 er kendt at fremstille 30 metalrør, ved at man kontinuerligt smelter elektroder ved elektroslaggesmeltning i en metalform, bestående af en vandkølet kerneform og en vandkølet ydre form, hvorpå det derved fremkomne smeltede metal trækkes kontinuerligt ud af metalformen, medens det køles og størkner.It is to be understood here that from published German patent specification 1817064 it is known to produce 30 metal tubes by continuously melting electrodes by electro-slag melting in a metal form consisting of a water-cooled core form and a water-cooled outer mold upon which the molten metal thus obtained is continuously pulled out of the metal mold as it cools and solidifies.
35 I erkendelse af, at denne kendte fremgangsmåde vil kunne udnyttes til undgåelse af det spild, som hidtil har været forbundet med kassering af metalrør som skrot, angår den foreliggende opfindelse mere præcist en fremgangsmåde til genfremstil- 2 142607 ling af et xnetalrør, hvorved man kontinuerligt gensmelter elektroder ved elektroslagge-gensmeltning i en metalform bestående af en vandkølet kerneform og en vandkølet ydre form, hvorpå det derved fremkomne smeltede metal trækkes kontinuerligt ud af metal-5 formen,medens det køles og størkner, og fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at det benyttede metalrør opskæres på langs i et antal stykker, som hvert har et bueformet tværsnit, og disse stykker anvendes som de nævnte elektroder.Recognizing that this known method can be utilized to avoid the waste that has hitherto been associated with discarding metal tubes as scrap, the present invention relates more precisely to a method of making a xnetal tube, continuously re-melting electrodes by electro-slag re-melting in a metal form consisting of a water-cooled core form and a water-cooled outer mold, whereupon the resulting molten metal is continuously withdrawn from the metal mold as it cools and solidifies, and the process of the invention is characterized by, that the metal tube used is longitudinally cut into a number of pieces, each of which has an arcuate cross-section, and these pieces are used as the said electrodes.
Herved opnås det, at de metalrør, som har nedsat styrke som 10 følge af lang tids brug,kan genanvendes og således kan indgå i en materialebesparende cyklus, idet det samme metal kan anvendes igen og igen, og som indtil nu ville være blevet kasseret som skrot. Følgelig er fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen fordelagtig derved, at problemet angående økonomisk tab 15 er blevet løst. Et yderligere fortrin er, at eftersom de til rådighed stående procenter af det anvendte metals bestanddele er meget høje, er det genskabte metalrørs kemiske sammensætning i alt væsentlig den samme som for det originate brugte metalrør. Tilmed har det genfremstillede rør en glat indre overflade fri 20 for de støbefejl, der ellers forefindes i rør fremstillet ved centrifugalstøbning, og de genfremstillede rør er fortræffelige med hensyn til styrke og kvalitet i sammenligning med nye metalrør fremstillet ved den konventionelle centrifugalstøbefremgangs-måde. Endnu en fordel er, at de genfremstillede rørs længde ved 25 fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan bestemmes valgfrit.Hereby it is obtained that the metal tubes which have reduced strength as a result of long-term use can be reused and thus can be part of a material-saving cycle, since the same metal can be used again and again and which until now would have been discarded as scrap. Accordingly, the method of the invention is advantageous in that the problem of financial loss 15 has been solved. A further advantage is that since the available percentages of the constituent metal used are very high, the chemical composition of the recovered metal tube is essentially the same as that of the original used metal tube. In addition, the remanufactured pipe has a smooth inner surface free of the mold defects otherwise found in pipes made by centrifugal casting, and the remanufactured pipes are excellent in strength and quality in comparison with new metal pipes made by the conventional centrifugal casting method. A further advantage is that the length of the remanufactured tubes by the method according to the invention can be optionally determined.
En udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden er ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at et startstykke indstikkes i et ringformet formrum ved begyndelsen af elektroslagge-gensmeltningsprocessen og sænkes, medens det drejes eller føres frem og tilbage omkring 30 metalrørets akse, medens metalrøret dannes. Denne udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er fordelagtig ved, at startstykket ikke behøver at bestå af samme højtlegerede metal som selve det genfromstillede metalrør, idet startstykket kan fjernes efter genfremstillingen af røret, hvortil kommer, 35 at drejningen eller den frem- og tilbagegående bevægelse af startstykket omkring metalrørets akse, medens metalrøret dannes, medfører en meget jævn fordeling af det smeltede metal langs overkanten af røret under dettes genfremstilling.An embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a starting piece is inserted into an annular mold space at the beginning of the electroslag smelting process and lowered as it is rotated or moved back and forth about the axis of the metal tube as the metal tube is formed. This embodiment of the method according to the invention is advantageous in that the starting piece does not have to consist of the same highly alloyed metal as the re-fabricated metal tube itself, since the starting piece can be removed after the re-manufacture of the tube, in addition to the turning or reciprocating movement of the starting piece. about the axis of the metal tube, while the metal tube is formed, causes a very even distribution of the molten metal along the top edge of the tube during its re-manufacture.
3 1426073 142607
Opfindelsen skal herefter forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, der illustrerer en udførelsesform for opfindelsen, idet - 'fig. 1 og 2 viser et billede til belysning af metalliske 5 materialer,der benyttes til den forklarede udførelses^· form for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 3 et billede til belysning af en udførelsesform for et apparat til brug ved udførelse af fremgangsmåden, og 10 fig. 4 og 5 planbilleder af to forskellige opstillinger af det metalliske materiale.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which illustrates an embodiment of the invention, in which - FIG. 1 and 2 show an image for illuminating metallic materials used for the explained embodiment of the method according to the invention; 3 is a view illustrating an embodiment of an apparatus for use in carrying out the method; and FIG. 4 and 5 are plan views of two different arrangements of the metallic material.
I fig. 1 ses et metalrør P, f.eks. et pyrolyserør til brug i en ethylenfabrik, hvilket har været brugt i en længere tidsperiode og følgelig er blevet forringet i et vist omfang med 15 hensyn til højtemperaturstyrken. Pyrolyserøret P er lodret op- splittet i et antal stykker (otte stykker i dette tilfælde) som vist for at få metalstykker 1, der hver på tværs af den lange led har et bueformet tværsnit som vist i fig. 2. Det brugte metalrør P har sædvanligvis fremmede ting fæstnet til sin indre 20 og ydre overflade. Enhver fremmed ting fjernes derfra ved hjælp af en slibemaskine eller et mekanisk skær, før eller efter at røret er skåret til stykker. Tværsnitsarealet og længden af hvert metalstykke 1 er passende udvalgt svarende til tværsnitsarealet og længden af det metalrør, der skal genskabes.In FIG. 1 shows a metal pipe P, e.g. a pyrolysis tube for use in an ethylene plant, which has been used for a long period of time and consequently has been degraded to some extent with respect to the high temperature strength. The pyrolysis tube P is vertically split into a number of pieces (eight pieces in this case) as shown to obtain metal pieces 1, each of which has a curved cross section as shown in FIG. 2. The used metal pipe P usually has foreign objects attached to its inner 20 and outer surface. Any foreign matter is removed from it by means of a grinder or mechanical cutter, before or after the pipe is cut. The cross-sectional area and the length of each metal piece 1 are suitably selected corresponding to the cross-sectional area and the length of the metal tube to be recreated.
25 Metalstykker 1 kan samles efter ønske ved lysbuesvejsning, modstandssvejsning eller enhver anden egnet fremgangsmåde, som vist ved W, for at opnå et metalstykke 2 med den ønskede længde.Metal pieces 1 can be assembled as desired by arc welding, resistance welding or any other suitable method, as shown by W, to obtain a metal piece 2 of the desired length.
I fig. 3 ses en kobberform M, som består af en vandkølet kerneform 3 og en vandkølet ydre form 4, der er koncentrisk 30 anbragt i forhold til hinanden, hvorved de mellem sig afgrænser et ringformet formrum. Det ringformede formrum, der er dannet imellem kerneformen 3 og den ydre form 4,er åben opadtil, d.v.s. i form som en tragt, er parallelvægget i midten og åbent i bunden, d.v.s. i form som en omvendt tragt. Den midterste paral-35 lelvæggede dels tværsnitsform er magen til dimensionen af det metalrør, der ønskes genskabt. Flere metalstykker 2 er anbragt hver især i lodret stilling med deres nederste ender strækkende sig ind i metalformen M's øverste åbning som vist i fig. 4 eller 5. Disse metalstykker 2 fødes kontinuerligt nedad ind 4 142607 i metalformen M af føderuller 9, som drives synkront fra en ikke vist drivkilde. Et startstykke 6 består af et kort rør med omtrent den samme tværsnitsform som det metalrør, der skal genskabes og ligeledes svarende til kobberformen M's centrale 5 parallelvæggede del. Startstykket 6 er som vist i fig. 3 understøttet af et trækkeorgan 8’s støttefundament 11, som kan forskydes op og ned af en dertil egnet drivkilde. Startstykket er i stand til at dreje omkring støttefundamentet 11*s akse og bliver drejet eller oscilleret eller ført frem og tilbage TO ved hjælp af en motor 12, der er sluttet til støttefundamentetIn FIG. 3 shows a copper mold M consisting of a water-cooled core mold 3 and a water-cooled outer mold 4 concentrically disposed relative to one another, thereby defining an annular mold space between them. The annular mold space formed between the core mold 3 and the outer mold 4 is open upwardly, i.e. in the shape of a funnel, the parallel wall is in the middle and open at the bottom, i.e. in the form of a reverse funnel. The cross-sectional shape of the middle parallel-walled portion is similar to the dimension of the metal tube to be re-created. Several pieces of metal 2 are each arranged in a vertical position with their lower ends extending into the upper opening of the metal mold M as shown in FIG. 4 or 5. These metal pieces 2 are continuously fed downwards into the metal mold M by feed rollers 9 which are driven synchronously from a drive source not shown. A starting piece 6 consists of a short tube having approximately the same cross-sectional shape as the metal tube to be recreated and also corresponding to the central wall 5 of the copper mold M parallel. The starting piece 6 is as shown in FIG. 3 supported by a pulling member 8's support foundation 11 which can be moved up and down by a suitable drive source. The starter is able to rotate about the axis of the support base 11 * and is rotated or oscillated or driven back and forth TO by means of a motor 12 connected to the support foundation
11 gennem et gear 13. Startstykket 6's højde er således valgt, at dets øverste ende er stukket ind i metalformen M's centrale parallelvæggede del, når trækkeorganet 8 er ved enden af dets opgående slag. En vekselstrømskraftkilde 7 er elektrisk forbun-15 det til henholdsvis metalstykkerne 2 og startstykket 6. I11 through a gear 13. The height of the starting piece 6 is chosen such that its upper end is inserted into the central parallel-walled part of the metal mold M when the pulling member 8 is at the end of its upward stroke. An AC power source 7 is electrically connected to the metal pieces 2 and the starting piece 6. respectively.
metalformen M er dannet en smelteslaggepøl 5.the metal mold M is formed a molten slag pool 5.
linder drift er et antal metalstykker 2, fået fra det brugte metalrør P på den i fig. 1 og 2 viste måde, anbragt som vist i fig. 3 og 4 eller 5 med de nederste ender deraf anbragt i af-20 stand ovenover metalformen M's øverste åbning. Trækkeorganet 8 hæves til den øverste ende af dets opadgående slag for at indføre det derpå anbragte startstykke 6's øverste ende i metalformen M's centrale parallelvæggede del for at lukke bunden af metalformens øverste åbning med den øverste overflade af 25 startstykket 6. Derpå fyldes metalformens øverste åbning med den smeltede slagge 5,og de nederste ender bliver dyppet i den smeltede slagge. Når en strøm sendes igennem de enkelte metalstykker 2 og startstykket 6 under disse forhold, efter at man har forbundet metalstykkerne og startstykket med veksel-30 strømskraftkilden 7, indledes elektroslaggesmeltningen, hvorved de enkelte metalstykker 2 smelter, og de resulterende dråber smeltet metal falder ned i den smeltede slagge 5 og ender på startstykket 6's øverste overflade. For at elektroslagge-gensmeltningen kan foregå kontinuerligt, bliver hvert irtetal-35 stykke 2 tilført af føderuller 9, således at dets nederste ende altid er dyppet i den smeltede slagge 5.Således ophobes de smeltede metaldråber sig kontinuerligt i metalformen M's øverste åbning. Startstykket 6 sænkes gradvis i forbindelse med trækkeorganet 8's nedadgående bevægelse, således at det ophobede 5 142607 smeltede metal gradvis bevæger sig nedad i metalformen M's centrale parallelvæggede del, mens det afkøles og størknes ved hjælp af den vandkølede kerneform 3 og den vandkølede ydre form 4 ved passage gennem den parallele del. Således opnås altså 5 et genfremstillet metalrør. I dette tilfælde og eftersom metal røret 10's indre og ydre overflade er dækket med en slaggefilm 14, kan metalrøret blive trukket glat ud af metalformen M - med glat inder- og yderoverflade. Det skal også bemærkes, at antydninger af på metalstykkerne 2's overflade tilbageblevne 10 fremmmede ting og/eller bruddannelser i overfladen fjernes derfra af den smeltede slagge 5, medens metalstykkerne passerer gennem den smeltede slagc^ i form af fine smådråber smeltet metal efter at være blevet smeltet af elektroslaggesmeltningen.Linder operation is a plurality of metal pieces 2, obtained from the used metal pipe P in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. 3 and 4 or 5 with the lower ends thereof spaced above the upper opening of the metal mold M. The pulling member 8 is raised to the upper end of its upward stroke to insert the top end of the then placed piece 6 into the central parallel walled portion of the metal mold M to close the bottom of the top opening of the metal mold with the top surface of the starting piece 6. Then the top opening of the metal mold is filled with the molten slag 5 and the lower ends are dipped in the molten slag. When a current is passed through the individual metal pieces 2 and the starting piece 6 under these conditions, after connecting the metal pieces and the starting piece with the alternating current power source 7, the electro-slag melting begins, whereby the individual metal pieces 2 melt, and the resulting drops of molten metal fall into the the molten slag 5 and ends on the top surface of the starting piece 6. In order for the electro-slag smelting to take place continuously, each number piece 2 is supplied by feeder rollers 9, so that its lower end is always dipped in the molten slag 5. Thus, the molten metal droplets accumulate continuously in the upper opening of the metal mold M. The starting piece 6 is gradually lowered in connection with the downward movement of the pulling member 8, so that the accumulated molten metal gradually moves downwardly in the central parallel-walled portion of the metal mold M while being cooled and solidified by the water-cooled core mold 3 and the water-cooled outer mold 4 by passage through the parallel part. Thus, a re-fabricated metal tube is obtained. In this case and since the inner and outer surface of the metal tube 10 is covered with a slag film 14, the metal tube can be smoothly pulled out of the metal mold M - with a smooth inner and outer surface. It should also be noted that hints of foreign matter and / or fractures formed on the surface of the metal pieces 2 are removed therefrom by the molten slag 5, while the metal pieces pass through the molten slag in the form of fine droplets of molten metal after being melted. of the electro-slag melt.
Det bør også bemærkes, at ved at dreje eller bevæge start-15 stykket frem og tilbage omkring dets egen akse med en egnet hastighed ved hjælp af drivmotoren 12 og gearet 13 som vist med de fuldt optrukne og stiplede pile i fig. 5 vil smådråber- -ne af smeltet metal, der falder fra de enkelte metalstykker 2 ned på startstykket 6's øverste overflade, blive jævnt 20 fordelt under dannelsen af metalrøret 10. Derfor kan metalrøret 10 dannes næsten uden besvær, endog når metalstykkerne 2 er anbragt med en væsentlig afstand mellem hinanden som vist 1 fig. 5.It should also be noted that by rotating or moving the starter 15 back and forth about its own axis at a suitable speed by means of the drive motor 12 and the gear 13 as shown by the fully drawn and dotted arrows of FIG. 5, the droplets of molten metal falling from the individual metal pieces 2 onto the upper surface of the starting piece 6 will be evenly distributed during the formation of the metal tube 10. Therefore, the metal tube 10 can be formed almost effortlessly, even when the metal pieces 2 are arranged with a substantial distance between each other as shown in FIG. 5th
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP47009843A JPS517130B2 (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1972-01-28 | |
JP984372 | 1972-01-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK142607B true DK142607B (en) | 1980-12-01 |
DK142607C DK142607C (en) | 1981-08-03 |
Family
ID=11731394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK34873A DK142607B (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1973-01-22 | Method of rebuilding a metal tube. |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS517130B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE794080A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1026931A (en) |
CH (1) | CH545152A (en) |
CS (1) | CS173620B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2303629B2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK142607B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2169303B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1380023A (en) |
IT (1) | IT983422B (en) |
NL (1) | NL146073B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58197232A (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1983-11-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and device for producing composite steel ingot |
AT409729B (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2002-10-25 | Inteco Int Techn Beratung | METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR PRODUCING HOLLOW MOLDED BODIES |
AT509495B1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2012-01-15 | Inteco Special Melting Technologies Gmbh | METHOD AND APPENDIX FOR PRODUCING HOLLOWING TRANSPARENCIES |
EP3691814B1 (en) * | 2017-10-05 | 2024-02-21 | Lam Research Corporation | Electromagnetic casting system and method including furnaces and molds for producing silicon tubes |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1596960A (en) * | 1967-12-21 | 1970-06-22 |
-
0
- BE BE794080D patent/BE794080A/en unknown
-
1972
- 1972-01-28 JP JP47009843A patent/JPS517130B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-01-04 NL NL7300151A patent/NL146073B/en unknown
- 1973-01-05 CA CA160,666A patent/CA1026931A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-01-18 GB GB272073A patent/GB1380023A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-01-22 DK DK34873A patent/DK142607B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-01-25 IT IT1961273A patent/IT983422B/en active
- 1973-01-25 DE DE19732303629 patent/DE2303629B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1973-01-26 FR FR7302764A patent/FR2169303B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-01-26 CS CS64073A patent/CS173620B2/cs unknown
- 1973-01-26 CH CH109473A patent/CH545152A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2169303B1 (en) | 1975-04-04 |
CS173620B2 (en) | 1977-02-28 |
FR2169303A1 (en) | 1973-09-07 |
NL7300151A (en) | 1973-07-31 |
JPS4879732A (en) | 1973-10-25 |
BE794080A (en) | 1973-05-16 |
CA1026931A (en) | 1978-02-28 |
DE2303629B2 (en) | 1975-03-06 |
DK142607C (en) | 1981-08-03 |
DE2303629A1 (en) | 1973-08-09 |
IT983422B (en) | 1974-10-31 |
JPS517130B2 (en) | 1976-03-05 |
GB1380023A (en) | 1975-01-08 |
CH545152A (en) | 1973-12-15 |
NL146073B (en) | 1975-06-16 |
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