DK142547B - Process for the preparation of thymosin. - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of thymosin. Download PDF

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DK142547B
DK142547B DK483578A DK483578A DK142547B DK 142547 B DK142547 B DK 142547B DK 483578 A DK483578 A DK 483578A DK 483578 A DK483578 A DK 483578A DK 142547 B DK142547 B DK 142547B
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thymosin
extract
preparation
fraction
acetone
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DK483578A
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DK483578A (en
DK142547C (en
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Robert Naylor
Howard Fredrick Coyer
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Pabst Brewing Co
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(11) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT 1^2547 VRiw DANMARK <51> *n*· ^·3 ^ o/ s 15/00 // Αβίκ 37/24 §(21) Ansegning nr. 4835/78 (22) Indleveret den 30· Okt · 1978 (24) Lebedag 30. Okt. 1978 (44) Ansøgningen fremlagt og fremlæggelsesskriftet offentliggjort den 17· nOV · 1 980(11) PUBLICATION NOTICE 1 ^ 2547 VRiw DENMARK <51> * n * · ^ · 3 ^ o / s 15/00 // Αβίκ 37/24 (21) Application No. 4835/78 (22) Filed on 30 · Oct · 1978 (24) Live 30 Oct. 1978 (44) The application presented and the petition published on 17 · nOV · 1 980

DIREKTORATET FORDIRECTORATE OF

PATENT-OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENET OO) Prioritet begæret fra den (71) PABST BREWING COMPANY, 917 West Juneau Avenue, Milwaukee, WiBccn= sin, US.PATENT AND TRADEMARKET OO) Priority requested from the (71) PABST BREWING COMPANY, 917 West Juneau Avenue, Milwaukee, WiBccn = sin, US.

(72) Opfinder: Robert Naylor, 1158 West Riverview Dr., Glendale, Wisconsin, US: Howard Fredrick Coyer, 6039 W. Lloyd Street, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, US.(72) Inventor: Robert Naylor, 1158 West Riverview Dr., Glendale, Wisconsin, US: Howard Fredrick Coyer, 6039 W. Lloyd Street, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, US.

(74) Fuldmægtig under sagens behandling:(74) Plenipotentiary in the proceedings:

Patentbureauet Hof man-Bang & Boutard. ________________ (54) Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af thymosin.Patent Office Court man-Bang & Boutard. ________________ (54) Process for the preparation of thymosin.

Opfindelsen angår en særlig fremgangsmåde af den i kravets indledning angivne art til fremstilling af thymosinfraktion 3 ud fra kalvebrisler.This invention relates to a particular process of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1 for the preparation of thymosin fraction 3 from calf sprinkles.

Rensning og egenskaberne af oksethymosin er blevet beskrevet af Hooper et al., Annals New York Academy og Sciences, Vol. 249, side 125- 144 (1975).Purification and the properties of oxymethosin have been described by Hooper et al., Annals New York Academy and Sciences, Vol. 249, pp. 125- 144 (1975).

Et råt thymosin, der betegnes som "thymosinfraktion 3", er beskrevet af Hooper et al, og en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af dette er også beskrevet i det nedenfor omtalte -US patentskrift nr. 4 010 148.A crude thymosin referred to as "thymosin fraction 3" is described by Hooper et al, and a process for preparing it is also described in U.S. Patent No. 4,010,148 described below.

Thymosinfraktion 3 er et vigtigt mellemprodukt ved fremstillingen af rent thymosin ud fra kalvebrisler. Thymosinfraktion 3 indeholder alt det thymosin, der oprindeligt var tilstede i kalvebrisleme, 142547 2 men indeholder kun 1% af brislernes oprindelige vægt. Den stærkt reducerede masse og den 100-dobbelte rensning tillader anvendelsen af kendte og sædvanlige proteinrensningsprocedurer til fremstillingen af rent thymosin.Thymosin fraction 3 is an important intermediate in the preparation of pure thymosin from calf bristles. Thymosin fraction 3 contains all of the thymosin originally present in the calf bristles, but contains only 1% of the original weight of the bristles. The greatly reduced mass and the 100-fold purification allow the use of known and usual protein purification procedures for the preparation of pure thymosin.

Renset thymosin vides at bestå af flere proteiner med molekylvægte i området fra 1200 til 14000. Det er blevet vist at stimulere væksten af lymphoidt væv og derved forøge immuniteten overfor infektiøse processer. Nylige kliniske forsøg med immunomangel-sygdomme har vist, at thymosin forøger antallet af perifere blod-T-celler og derved delvis genopretter immunologisk kompetance.Purified thymosin is known to consist of several proteins with molecular weights ranging from 1200 to 14000. It has been shown to stimulate the growth of lymphoid tissue and thereby increase immunity to infectious processes. Recent clinical trials on immunodeficiency diseases have shown that thymosin increases the number of peripheral blood T cells, thereby partially restoring immunological competence.

Fra US patentskrift nr. 4 010 148 kendes en fremgangsmåde til ekstraktion af thymosin fra brisler, som indebærer homogenisering af kirtlerne i saltopløsning og centrifugering af homogenisatet. Derpå udfældes de varmelabile proteiner i saltvandsekstrakten ved opvarmning af ekstrakten til 80°C i et vandbad, og efter fjernelse af de varmelabile proteiner blandes den opnåede ekstrakt direkte med 5 eller 10 volumener kold acetone til udfældning af et hvidt pulver, som svarer til den ovennævnte thymosinfrakt ion 3. En sådan fremgangsmåde er arbejdskrævende til ekstraktion af store mængder (200-500 kg) brisler og resulterer i ekstraktion af uønskede fedtbestanddele fra kirtlerae, som skader den efterfølgende oparbejdning. Desuden er opvarmningen af saltvandsekstrakten på vandbad langsom og upraktisk, og til den efterfølgende udfældning af thymosinfraktion 3 kræves meget store mængder acetone.U.S. Patent No. 4,010,148 discloses a process for extracting thymosin from bristles which involves homogenizing the glands in saline and centrifuging the homogenate. Then, the heat-labile proteins in the saline extract are precipitated by heating the extract to 80 ° C in a water bath, and after removal of the heat-labile proteins, the extract is directly mixed with 5 or 10 volumes of cold acetone to precipitate a white powder similar to the above. thymosin fraction ion 3. Such a process is labor-intensive for extracting large quantities (200-500 kg) of glands and results in the extraction of unwanted fat components from the glands which damage the subsequent work-up. In addition, the heating of the saline extract in the water bath is slow and impractical, and the subsequent precipitation of thymosin fraction 3 requires very large amounts of acetone.

Opfindelsens formål er at angive en ny og forbedret fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af thymosin, hvorved thymosinfraktion 3 fremstilles på en mere simpel måde end ved de hidtidige fremgangsmåder og med en minimal produktion af generende stoffer, såsom fedtstoffer og uønskede eller inaktive proteiner.The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved process for the preparation of thymosin, whereby thymosin fraction 3 is prepared in a simpler way than in the previous methods and with a minimal production of bothersome substances such as fats and unwanted or inactive proteins.

Dette opnås ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, som er ejendommelig ved det i kravets kendetegnende del anførte.This is achieved by the method according to the invention, which is characterized by the characterizing part of the claim.

Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen formales brislerne groft, ekstraheres i saltopløsning, som filtreres, og filtratet eller ekstrakten injiceres med damp i et kort tidsrum for at denaturere uønskede proteiner uden at denaturere thymosinet, hvorved der dannes et bundfald, som skilles fra ved filtrering. Filtratet koncentreres 3 142547 og afkøles, og råt thymosin udfældes ved tilsætning af koncentratet til acetone.In the process of the invention, the sprats are coarsely ground, extracted in brine, which is filtered, and the filtrate or extract is injected with steam for a short period of time to denature unwanted proteins without denaturing the thymosin, forming a precipitate which is separated by filtration. The filtrate is concentrated and cooled and crude thymosin is precipitated by addition of the concentrate to acetone.

Ved udførelsen af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen formales frosne brisler, som f.eks. kalvebrisler, i en kødhakkemaskine, således at der dannes relativt grove formalede partikler med diametre på fra omkring 1,5 til omkring 5 mm. Disse grove partikler ekstraheres derpå ved omrøring med en saltopløsning på konventionel måde. Det faste stof frafiltreres, fortrinsvis under anvendelse af et filterhjælpemiddel, såsom diatoméjord eller ethvert andet egnet filterhjælpemiddel, og filterkagen smides væk. Filtratet i form af en flydende strøm bringes derpå i kontakt med damp ved injektion af damp i strømmen under et tryk over atmosfæretryk, således at filtratet øjeblikkeligt bringes op til en temperatur på omkring 80-85°C. Den tid, hvorunder filtratet holdes ved denne temperatur, skal være mindst tilstrækkelig til at denaturere det uønskede protein, men ikke lang nok til at denaturere thymosin. Sædvanligvis kræves øjeblikkelig opvarmning i et tidsrum på mindst et minut.In carrying out the method according to the invention, frozen sprinkles, such as e.g. calf sprinklers, in a meat chopping machine, to form relatively coarse ground particles with diameters of from about 1.5 to about 5 mm. These coarse particles are then extracted by stirring with a saline solution in a conventional manner. The solid is filtered off, preferably using a filter aid such as diatomaceous earth or any other suitable filter aid, and the filter cake is discarded. The filtrate in the form of a liquid stream is then contacted with steam by injection of steam into the stream under a pressure above atmospheric pressure, so that the filtrate is immediately brought up to a temperature of about 80-85 ° C. The time during which the filtrate is kept at this temperature should be at least sufficient to denature the unwanted protein, but not long enough to denature thymosin. Usually, instantaneous heating is required for a period of at least one minute.

Der kan anvendes enten lavtryksdamp, f.eks. ved 103 kPa, eller højtryksdamp, f.eks. ved 413 kPa, til frembringelse af øjeblikkelig opvarmning. Sædvanligvis kræves ikke mere end nogle minutter.Either low pressure steam may be used, e.g. at 103 kPa, or high pressure steam, e.g. at 413 kPa, to produce instant heating. Usually no more than a few minutes is required.

Dette frembringer en suspension af udfældet protein, som derpå afkøles, fortrinsvis ved udhældning på is, og filtreres, fortrinsvis under anvendelse af et filterhjælpemiddel, såsom diatoméjord. Filtreringen gennemføres fortrinsvis ved hjælp af en filterpresse, og filterkagen smides væk.This produces a suspension of precipitated protein which is then cooled, preferably by pouring on ice, and filtered, preferably using a filter aid such as diatomaceous earth. The filtration is preferably carried out by means of a filter press and the filter cake is thrown away.

Det resulterende filtrat koncentreres til omkring det halve volumen ved inddampning i vakuum, sædvanligvis ved en temperatur omkring 30° C, og afkøles til ca. 4° C. Koncentratet sættes derpå til et større volumen acetone, som er blevet afkølet til en lavere temperatur end koncentratet, fortrinsvis til omkring -10° C. Dette giver et bundfald af råt thymosin. Overvæsken kan dekanteres fra, og thymosinet opsamles ved filtrering, vaskes med frisk acetone og tørres under vakuum.The resulting filtrate is concentrated to about half the volume by evaporation in vacuo, usually at a temperature of about 30 ° C, and cooled to ca. The concentrate is then added to a larger volume of acetone which has been cooled to a lower temperature than the concentrate, preferably to about -10 ° C. This gives a precipitate of crude thymosin. The supernatant can be decanted off and the thymosin is collected by filtration, washed with fresh acetone and dried under vacuum.

I modsætning til hidtidige fremgangsmåder,' hvorved brisler er blevet homogeniseret i saltopløsning og centrifugeret, er den foreliggende fremgangsmåde simplere derved, at de frosne brisler formales med en kødhakkemaskine, og de formalede kirtler ekstrahe- 4 U2547 res ved omrøring med saltopløsning. Ved denne fremgangsmåde kan 227 kg kalvebrisler formales og ekstraheres i løbet af 1 time. Endvidere opnås ved grov formaling i modsætning til homogenisering, at frigørelsen af generende stoffer, især fedt, holdes på et minimum, og ekstrakten er i det væsentlige fri for fedtagtigt materiale og kan let filtreres på en filterpresse.Contrary to previous methods, whereby bristles have been homogenized in saline and centrifuged, the present process is simpler in that the frozen bristles are ground with a meat chopper and the ground glands are extracted by stirring with brine. In this process, 227 kg of calf sprinkles can be ground and extracted in 1 hour. Furthermore, by coarse grinding, as opposed to homogenization, the release of bothersome substances, especially grease, is kept to a minimum and the extract is substantially free of greasy material and can be easily filtered on a filter press.

Medens de varmelabile proteiner i saltvandsekstrakten ved de hidtil kendte procedurer udfældes ved opvarmning af ekstrakten til 80° C i et vandbad, udfældes de varmelabile proteiner ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen ved injektion af damp i en flydende strøm af ekstrakten, hvorved strømmens temperatur øjeblikkeligt hæves til 80°C og ekstraktens temperatur holdes ved 80°C i 1-2 minutter. Strømmen pumpes derpå ud på is for at sænke temperaturen, blandes med filterhjælpemiddel og filtreres på en filterpresse. Denne proces medfører udfældning af de uønskede varmelabile proteiner, men den hurtige opvarmning (i modsætning til opvarmning på et vandbad) formindsker det tidsrum, hvorunder ekstrakten holdes ved høj temperatur, og sænker derved risikoen for at denaturere thymosinet og bevarer thymosinets integritet.While the heat-labile proteins in the saline extract are precipitated by the known procedures by heating the extract to 80 ° C in a water bath, the heat-labile proteins of the invention process are precipitated by the injection of steam into a liquid stream of the extract, immediately raising the temperature of the stream to 80 ° C. And the temperature of the extract is kept at 80 ° C for 1-2 minutes. The stream is then pumped out on ice to lower the temperature, mixed with filter aid and filtered on a filter press. This process results in precipitation of the unwanted heat-labile proteins, but the rapid heating (as opposed to heating in a water bath) reduces the time during which the extract is kept at high temperature, thereby lowering the risk of denaturing the thymosin and preserving the integrity of the thymosin.

Medens den efter fjernelse af de varmelabile proteiner opnåede ekstrakt ved de hidtil kendte procedurer blandes direkte med 5 eller 10 volumener kold acetone til udfældning af thymosinfraktion 3, koncentreres den ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåde i vakuum ved 25-30°C til omkring halvdelen af dens oprindelige volumen.While, after removing the heat-labile proteins, by the previously known procedures, the mixture is directly mixed with 5 or 10 volumes of cold acetone to precipitate thymosin fraction 3, in the present process it is concentrated in vacuo at 25-30 ° C to about half of its original size. volume.

Den endelige koncentrerede ekstrakt sættes derpå til et 4-10 gange så stort volumen kold acetone for at udfælde thymosinfraktion 3.The final concentrated extract is then added to a 4-10 times the volume of cold acetone to precipitate thymosin fraction 3.

Denne fremgangsmåde giver den samme mængde fraktion 3 som de kendte procedurer, men reducerer den nødvendige mængde acetone med 50% og simplificerer i høj grad udfældnings- og opsamlingsprocedureme.This procedure gives the same amount of fraction 3 as the known procedures, but reduces the required amount of acetone by 50% and greatly simplifies the precipitation and collection procedures.

Det er derfor indlysende, at den foreliggende opfindelse i høj grad letter fremstillingen af thymosin. Medens råt thymosin (thymosinfraktion 3) sædvanligvis indeholder mindre end 1 vægtpct. thymosin, vil det forstås, at dette kan renses yderligere på enhver egnet måde, f.eks. ved de procedurer, der er beskrevet i de førnævnte refererencer.It is therefore obvious that the present invention greatly facilitates the production of thymosin. While raw thymosin (thymosin fraction 3) usually contains less than 1 wt. thymosin, it will be understood that this can be further purified in any suitable manner, e.g. by the procedures described in the aforementioned references.

5 U25A75 U25A7

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen skal belyses nærmere ved det efterfølgende eksempel, hvori mængderne er angivet i vægtdele, med mindre andet er anført.The method according to the invention is illustrated in more detail by the following example, in which the amounts are given in parts by weight, unless otherwise stated.

EKSEMPELEXAMPLE

227 kg frosne kalvebrisler blev formalet i en kødhakkemaskine, og de formalede kirtler blev blandet med 700 1 0,15M natriumchlorid-opløsning ved 4°C i 5-30 minutter.227 kg of frozen calf sprinkles were ground in a mincer and the milled glands were mixed with 700 l of 0.15M sodium chloride solution at 4 ° C for 5-30 minutes.

113 kg filterhjælpemiddel blev udrørt i blandingen, og blandingen blev filtreret i en filterpresse. Filterkagen blev smidt væk. Filtratet blev bragt op på 80-85°C ved injektion af damp i en flydende strøm af ekstrakten, og dampen og ekstrakten fik lov at forblive i kontakt i 1-2 minutter. Den resulterende suspension af udfældet protein blev hældt ud på 90 kg is, der tilsattes 36 kg filterhjælpemiddel, og den resulterende opslæmning blev filtreret på en filterpresse. Filterkagen blev smidt væk.113 kg of filter aid was stirred in the mixture and the mixture was filtered in a filter press. The filter cake was thrown away. The filtrate was brought to 80-85 ° C by injection of steam into a liquid stream of the extract, and the steam and extract were allowed to remain in contact for 1-2 minutes. The resulting suspension of precipitated protein was poured onto 90 kg of ice, 36 kg of filter aid was added, and the resulting slurry was filtered on a filter press. The filter cake was thrown away.

De 757 liter filtrat blev koncentreret til 378 liter og afkølet til 4°C. Koncentratet sattes til 1514 liter acetone afkølet til -10°C. Dette gav et bundfald af råt thymosin. Overvæsken blev dekanteret fra, og thymosinet opsamlet ved filtrering, vasket med frisk acetone og tørret i vakuum. Det tørrede pulver vejede 2500 g.The 757 liters of filtrate were concentrated to 378 liters and cooled to 4 ° C. The concentrate was added to 1514 liters of acetone cooled to -10 ° C. This gave a precipitate of raw thymosin. The supernatant was decanted off and the thymosin collected by filtration, washed with fresh acetone and dried in vacuo. The dried powder weighed 2500 g.

DK483578A 1978-10-30 1978-10-30 Process for the preparation of thymosin. DK142547B (en)

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DK483578A DK142547B (en) 1978-10-30 1978-10-30 Process for the preparation of thymosin.

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DK142547B true DK142547B (en) 1980-11-17
DK142547C DK142547C (en) 1981-07-20

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