DE976232C - Process for the production of carbon oxide-hydrogen mixtures in tapping gas generators - Google Patents

Process for the production of carbon oxide-hydrogen mixtures in tapping gas generators

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Publication number
DE976232C
DE976232C DEP54433A DEP0054433A DE976232C DE 976232 C DE976232 C DE 976232C DE P54433 A DEP54433 A DE P54433A DE P0054433 A DEP0054433 A DE P0054433A DE 976232 C DE976232 C DE 976232C
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
fuel
production
carbon oxide
gas generators
tapping
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEP54433A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Franz Dr Duftschmid
Willibald Dipl-Ing Funk
Hans Waldemar Dr Gloth
Ferdinand Dipl-Ing Markert
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BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to DEP54433A priority Critical patent/DE976232C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE976232C publication Critical patent/DE976232C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/22Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20Apparatus; Plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943Coke
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956Air or oxygen enriched air
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959Oxygen

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kohlenoxyd-Wasserstoff -Gemischen in Abstichgaserzeugern Im Hauptpatent 976 o69 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung voll Kohlenoxyd-Wasserstoff-Gemisehen durch unvollständige 'Verbrennung von gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen in Abstichgaserzeugern beschrieben, bei dem man die Kohlenwasserstoffe zusammen mit freien Sauerstoff enthaltenden Vergasungsmitteln mittels eines Brenners oder mehrerer solcher innig gemischt in das Brennstoffbett des Gaserzeugers einführt und dabei ein solches Mischungsverhältnis der eingeführten Gase wählt, insbesondere für einen so hohen Sauerstoffgehalt Sorge trägt, daß im Brennstoffbett eine Temperatur von mindestens 1300' C, jedoch zweckmäßig nicht höher als i8oo' C erzielt wird. Hierbei hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, solche Brenner zu verwenden, die mit während des Betriebs nach hinten ausziehbaren Einsätzen für die Vergasungsmittel und für das Gemisch dieser mit den gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen versehen sind, wie sie im Hauptpatent eingehend beschrieben sind. Im Abstichgaserzeuger selbst gelangen möglichst stükkige Brennstoffe, vornehmlich Hüttenkoks, zur Vergasung.Process for the production of carbon-oxide-hydrogen mixtures in tapping gas generators The main patent 976 069 describes a process for the production of full carbon-oxide-hydrogen mixtures by incomplete combustion of gaseous hydrocarbons in tapping gas generators, in which the hydrocarbons are combined with free oxygen-containing gasifying agents by means of a Introduces burner or several such intimately mixed into the fuel bed of the gas generator and selects such a mixing ratio of the gases introduced, in particular ensures that the oxygen content is so high that a temperature of at least 1300 ° C in the fuel bed, but preferably not higher than 100 ° C is achieved. It has proven to be advantageous to use such burners which are provided with inserts for the gasification agents that can be pulled out to the rear during operation and for the mixture of these with the gaseous hydrocarbons, as described in detail in the main patent. In the tapping gas generator itself, fuels that are as lumpy as possible, primarily metallurgical coke, are gasified.

Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß man bei diesem Verfahren die dem Abstichgaserzeuger zuzuführenden gasförtnigen Kohlenwasserstoffe ganz oder teilweise durch Brennstoffstaub ersetzen kann, insbesondere solchen, der eine bessere Reaktionsfähigkeit besitzt als der stückige Brennstoff des Gaserzeugers. Als Brennstoffstaub kommt in erster Linie solcher von Braunkohle, Braunkohlenschwelkoks, geeigneten Steinkohlen, wie z. B. jüngeren oder gasreichen Sinterkohlen,-Gasflammkohlen und Fettkohlen, und von Tiefteniperaturschwelkoks in Frage.It has now been shown that with this method, the tapping gas generator gaseous hydrocarbons to be supplied wholly or partly by fuel dust can replace, especially those that have a better responsiveness than the lump fuel of the gas generator. As fuel dust comes first line those of lignite, lignite coke, suitable hard coals, such as. B. Younger or gas-rich sintered coals, gas flame coals and fatty coals, and from deep perature coke in question.

Es gelingt bei diesem Verfahren, erhebliche Mengen Brennstoffstaub zurVergasung zu bringen, wobei gleichzeitig die Vergasung des hochwertigen stückigen Brennstoffs so stark zurückgedrängt werden kann, daß das Verfahren zum überwiegenden Teil den Charakter eines Verfahrens zur Brennstoffstaubvergasung annimmt. Für das Verfahren können überraschenderweise Teer und Kohlenwasserstoffe abgebende Kohlenarten verwendet werden, ohne daß in dem gewonnenen Gas störende Mengen Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie insbesondere Methan, enthalten sind, so daß dieses für Synthesezwecke sehr gut geeignet ist. jedenfalls beträgt der Kohlenwasserstoffgehalt höchstens etwa o,2l)/o. Man arbeitet bei Temperaturen, bei denen die Vergasung bzw. unvollständige Verbrennung des Brennstoffstaubs zu Kohlenoxyd und Wasserstoff unter Verflüssigung der Ascheteilchen erfolgt, so daß die geschmolzenen Ascheteilchen mit der flüssigen Schlacke des festen Brennstoffs sich gemeinsam am Boden des Gaserzeugers ansammeln, von wo die flüssige Schlacke dann wie üblich abgezogen werden kann, ohne Gefahr zu laufen, daß bei der gleichzeitigen Verminderung des Durchsatzes des stückigen Brennstoffs die Gefahr des Einfrierens auftritt. Die geschmolzene Asche des staubförmigen Brennstoffs wirkt zudem in den meisten Fällen als ein das Schmelzen der Schlacke begünstigendes Flußmittel, so daß die üblichen Zuschlagstoffe, die sonst mit dem stückigenBrennstoff aufgegeben wer-den, um das Schmelzen zu erleichtern, der Menge nach vermindert werden können.This process succeeds in removing considerable amounts of fuel dust to bring to gasification, at the same time the gasification of the high-quality lumpy Fuel can be pushed back so much that the process to the predominant Part takes on the character of a process for fuel dust gasification. For the Surprisingly, processes can use types of coal which give off tar and hydrocarbons be used without interfering amounts of hydrocarbons in the gas obtained, such as methane in particular, are included, so that this is very good for synthesis purposes suitable is. in any case, the hydrocarbon content is at most about 0.2 l) / o. One works at temperatures at which the gasification or incomplete combustion the fuel dust to carbon oxide and hydrogen with liquefaction of the ash particles takes place so that the molten ash particles with the liquid slag of the solid Fuel collect together at the bottom of the gas generator, from where the liquid Slag can then be withdrawn as usual without running the risk of the simultaneous reduction in the throughput of the lump fuel the danger of freezing occurs. The molten ash of the powdered fuel works also in most cases as a flux promoting the melting of the slag, so that the usual additives that would otherwise be abandoned with the lumpy fuel the amount can be reduced in order to facilitate melting.

Der mittels der Brenner einzuführende Brennstoff wird, falls erforderlich, auf Staubfeinheit gemahlen, wie dies bei Kohlenstaubfeuerungen üblich ist. Als Vergasungsmittel wird Sauerstoff oder Luft oder ein Gemisch von beiden angewandt, dem gegebenenfalls auch noch Wasserdampf, Kohlensäure oder noch andere Gase, z. B. Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere Methan, enthaltende brennbare Gase, zugegeben werden können.The fuel to be fed in by means of the burners is, if necessary, ground to a fineness of dust, as is customary with pulverized coal firing. As a gasification agent if oxygen or air or a mixture of both is used, if necessary also steam, carbonic acid or other gases, e.g. B. hydrocarbons, in particular methane containing combustible gases can be added.

Die freie Sauerstoffmenge, die gemeinsam mit dem Brennstoffstaub durch den Brenner eingeführt wird, muß so bemessen sein, daß mindestens eine Temperatur von 130& C, zweckmäßig mehr, z. B. 1400' C und mehr, erreicht wird. Die Höhe der einzustellenden Temperatur schwankt in gewissen Grenzen, je nach der Reaktionsfähigkeit des zu vergasenden Staubes; sie ist nach oben durch die Beständigkeit des Gaserzeugermaterials begrenzt, so daß sie im allgemeinen nicht über i8oo bis igoo' C betragen soll. Durch gleichzeitige Zuführung von Dampf oder Kohlensäure kann das Verhältnis Sauerstoffmenge zu Brennstoffstaubmenge abgeändert werden. Man arbeitet im allgemeinen mit der geringstmöglichen Dampf- oder Kohlensäuremenge, da auf diese Weise Sauerstoff eingespart wird und der Vergasungsanteil des festen stückigen Brennstoffs gegenüber dem Vergasungsanteil des staubförmigen Brennstoffs zurücktritt. Die Dosierung des Verhältnisses von Sauerstoff und staubförmigem Brennstoff kann mittels verschiedener geeigneter Einrichtungen erfolgen. Es ist wesentlich, daß eine gute Durchmischung und eine möglichst gleichbleibende und gleichmäßige Verteilung des Staubes im Vergasungsmittel erfolgt. Beispiel In einen mit Hüttenkoks betriebenen Abstichgaserzeuger wird mittels Brenner, wie im Hauptpatent beschrieben, Staub rheinischer Braunkohle mit einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von i5,511/o zusammen mit sauerstoffreicher Luft, und zwar in solchem Mengenverhältnis eingeführt, daß auf i kg Brennstoffstaub 0,415 Nms Sauerstoff und O#,735 Nms Luft kommen. je Kilogramm Brennstoffstaub, werden 0,:275kg Koks vergast, wobei :2,5 Nm3 eines Gases von der Zusammensetzung 2,5"/o CO2, 52,50/e CO, 2115"/o H21 012"/o CH4 und 23,3"/oN2 entstehen, das vorzüglich als Ausgangsgas für die Ammoniaksynthese geeignet ist.The amount of free oxygen that is introduced through the burner together with the fuel dust must be such that at least a temperature of 130 ° C, expediently more, e.g. B. 1400 ° C and more is reached. The level of the temperature to be set fluctuates within certain limits, depending on the reactivity of the dust to be gasified; it is limited upward by the resistance of the gas generator material such that it does not should be at about i8oo to igoo 'C in general. The ratio of the amount of oxygen to the amount of fuel dust can be changed by simultaneously supplying steam or carbonic acid. In general, the lowest possible amount of steam or carbonic acid is used, since this saves oxygen and the gasification component of the solid, lumpy fuel is less than the gasification component of the pulverized fuel. The proportion of oxygen and pulverized fuel can be metered by means of various suitable devices. It is essential that thorough mixing and the most constant and even distribution of the dust in the gasification agent take place. Example In a tapping gas generator operated with metallurgical coke, as described in the main patent, dust from Rhenish lignite with a moisture content of 15.511 / o is introduced by means of a burner together with oxygen-rich air in such a proportion that for 1 kg of fuel dust 0.415 Nms of oxygen and oxygen #, 735 Nms of air come in. per kilogram of fuel dust, 0.25 kg of coke are gasified, whereby : 2.5 Nm3 of a gas with the composition 2.5 "/ o CO2, 52.50 / e CO, 2115" / o H21 012 "/ o CH4 and 23 .3 "/ oN2 arise, which is ideally suited as a starting gas for ammonia synthesis.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kohlenoxyd-Wasserstoff-Gemischen durch unvollständige Verbrennung von Brennstoffen in Abstichgaserzeugern nach Patent 976o69, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Abstichgaserzeuger Brennstoffstaub, insbesondere solcher, der eine höhere Reaktionsfähigkeit besitzt als der stückige Brennstoff des Gaserzeugers, gegebenenfalls zusätzlich zu gasförrnigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, zugeführt wird. PATENT CLAIM: Process for the production of carbon oxide-hydrogen mixtures by incomplete combustion of fuels in tapping gas generators according to patent 976o69, characterized in that the tapping gas generator is fuel dust, in particular that which has a higher reactivity than the lumpy fuel of the gas generator, possibly in addition to gaseous hydrocarbons , is fed.
DEP54433A 1949-09-10 1949-09-10 Process for the production of carbon oxide-hydrogen mixtures in tapping gas generators Expired DE976232C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP54433A DE976232C (en) 1949-09-10 1949-09-10 Process for the production of carbon oxide-hydrogen mixtures in tapping gas generators

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP54433A DE976232C (en) 1949-09-10 1949-09-10 Process for the production of carbon oxide-hydrogen mixtures in tapping gas generators

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DE976232C true DE976232C (en) 1963-05-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3115748A1 (en) * 1981-03-10 1982-10-14 SKF Steel Engineering AB, 81300 Hofors METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS CONTAINING CARBON AND / OR HYDROCARBON-BASED MATERIAL IN THE ESSENTIAL CARBON OXIDE GAS AND HYDROGEN GAS

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3115748A1 (en) * 1981-03-10 1982-10-14 SKF Steel Engineering AB, 81300 Hofors METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS CONTAINING CARBON AND / OR HYDROCARBON-BASED MATERIAL IN THE ESSENTIAL CARBON OXIDE GAS AND HYDROGEN GAS

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