DE975987C - Mainly made of pure aluminum, metal foil for electrolytic capacitors - Google Patents
Mainly made of pure aluminum, metal foil for electrolytic capacitorsInfo
- Publication number
- DE975987C DE975987C DES24612A DES0024612A DE975987C DE 975987 C DE975987 C DE 975987C DE S24612 A DES24612 A DE S24612A DE S0024612 A DES0024612 A DE S0024612A DE 975987 C DE975987 C DE 975987C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- etching
- pure aluminum
- electrolytic capacitors
- metal foil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrochloric acid Substances Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/055—Etched foil electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/02—Etching
- C25F3/04—Etching of light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/045—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material based on aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
Description
(WiGBl. S. 175)(WiGBl. P. 175)
AUSGEGEBEN AM 3. JANUAR 1963ISSUED JANUARY 3, 1963
S 24612 VIII el 2igS 24612 VIII el 2ig
Für die Herstellung von Elektrolytkondensatoren werden an der Oberfläche durch Ätzen aufgerauhte Metallfolien aus Aluminium verwendet, die man formiert und dann zusammen mit einem den Elektrolyten enthaltenden Papierstreifen aufwickelt. Der Prozeß des Aufrauhens der Aluminiumfolie durch Ätzen ist dann verhältnismäßig langwierig, wenn Reinstaluminiumfolie verwendet wird, entsprechend dem bekannten Anwachsen der chemischen Beständigkeit von Aluminium im Maße der Steigerung seiner Reinheit. Dementsprechend ist die Serienfertigung von gerauhten Folien aus Reinstaluminium besonders kostspielig;For the production of electrolytic capacitors, the surface is roughened by etching Metal foils made of aluminum are used, which are formed and then together with one of the Paper strips containing electrolytes. The process of roughening the aluminum foil by etching is relatively tedious if high-purity aluminum foil is used is, corresponding to the known increase in the chemical resistance of aluminum in Degree of increase in its purity. The series production of roughened foils is accordingly made of pure aluminum particularly expensive;
Die Erfindung hat den Zweck, die Aluminiumfolie so einzurichten, daß das Aufrauhen der Oberfläche verbilligt wird. Es ist bereits bekannt, zur Erhöhung der Ätzgeschwindigkeit dem Aluminium unedlere Metalle wie Natrium, Kalium, Kalzium, Magnesium und Lithium zuzusetzen. Wird eine derartige Folie geätzt, so werden in erster Linie die zugesetzten unedlen Metalle aus der Folie herausgelöst, wodurch eine Aufrauhung eintritt. Diese bekannten Verfahren weisen jedoch erhebliche Nachteile auf. Um nämlich einen hohen Rauhfaktor und eine große Ätzgeschwindigkeit zu erzielen, müssen die Zusätze verhältnismäßig hoch bemessen werden. Durch eine derartig hohe Bemessung der Zusätze wird jedoch die Formierbarkeit des Aluminiums verschlechtert und der Reststrom im Kondensator stark erhöht.The invention has the purpose of arranging the aluminum foil so that the roughening of the surface is cheaper. It is already known to increase the etching speed of the aluminum add less noble metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and lithium. Will be a such foil is etched, so primarily the added base metals are removed from the foil, whereby a roughening occurs. However, these known methods have considerable Disadvantages on. In order to achieve a high roughness factor and a high etching speed, the additives must be dimensioned relatively high. With such a high dimensioning of the However, additives impair the formability of the aluminum and the residual current in the capacitor greatly increased.
Weiterhin ist es bekannt, bei der Elektrolytkondensatorfertigung Aluminiumfolien mit einem kleinen Gehalt an Eisen, Silizium und Kupfer zu verwenden. Beispielsweise enthält handelsüblichesIt is also known to use aluminum foils in the production of electrolytic capacitors to use small content of iron, silicon and copper. For example, contains commercially available
209 7Φ5/20209 7-5 / 20
Reinaluminium mit einem Gehalt von 99,5 oder 99,7% Aluminium, wie auch Reinstaluminium mit einem Aluminiumgehalt von 99,99% als Verunreinigungen in erster Linie Eisen, Silizium und Kupfer. Während mit wachsender Reinheit des Aluminiums die elektrischen Eigenschaften verbessert werden, tritt gleichzeitig eine Erschwerung des Ätzens ein. Es ist daher nicht möglich, mit Hilfe derartiger Zusätze sowohl bessere elektrische Eigenschaften zu erzielen als auch die Ätzung zu erleichtern.Pure aluminum with an aluminum content of 99.5 or 99.7%, as well as pure aluminum an aluminum content of 99.99% as impurities primarily iron, silicon and copper. While the increasing purity of the aluminum improves the electrical properties At the same time, the etching becomes more difficult. It is therefore not possible to use this such additives to achieve both better electrical properties and the etching facilitate.
Es ist weiterhin bekannt, daß durch Zusatz kleiner Mengen von Tantal oder Beryllium (unter 0,01%) der Rauhfaktor von Reinstaluminium erhöht wird, ohne daß dadurch der Reststrom ansteigt. Durch derartige Zusätze kann jedoch keine wesentliche Beschleunigung des Ätzvorgangs erzielt werden.It is also known that by adding small amounts of tantalum or beryllium (under 0.01%) the roughness factor of pure aluminum is increased without increasing the residual current. However, such additives cannot significantly accelerate the etching process will.
Hingegen werden durch eine im Hauptbestand-On the other hand, one in the main stock
ao teil aus Reinstaluminium (99,99%) bestehende, durch Ätzen aufgerauhte Metallfolie für formierte Elektroden von Elektrolytkondensatoren, die erfindungsgemäß einen Zusatz von Nickel, Palladium oder Platin zum reinen Ausgangsmetall in einer Menge von etwa 0,03 bis 0,001% enthält, sowohl die Formierbarkeit des Reinstaluminiums erhalten und ein geringer Reststrom erzielt als auch die Ätzgeschwindigkeit erhöht und ein hoher Rauhfaktor erzielt.Ao partly made of pure aluminum (99.99%), roughened by etching metal foil for formed Electrodes of electrolytic capacitors, according to the invention, an addition of nickel, palladium or platinum to the pure starting metal in an amount of about 0.03 to 0.001%, both maintain the formability of the pure aluminum and achieve a low residual current as well as the Etching speed increased and a high roughness factor achieved.
Es ist auch schon bekannt, Aluminiumfolie in einer Nickelchlorid enthaltenden Lösung zu ätzen. Hierdurch wird zwar eine gewisse Erhöhung des Rauhfaktors erzielt; da sich hierbei aber das Nickel im wesentlichen an der Oberfläche der Folie ablagert, kann bei diesem Verfahren die mit der Erfindung erstrebte und erreichte Verminderung der Ätzdauer nicht erzielt werden.It is also already known to etch aluminum foil in a solution containing nickel chloride. As a result, a certain increase in the roughness factor is achieved; but since this If nickel is deposited essentially on the surface of the foil, in this process the with the Invention sought and achieved reduction in the etching time can not be achieved.
Der Metallzusatz nach der Erfindung hat den Vorteil zur Folge, daß bei der rein chemischen Ätzung, z. B. mit Säuren, die für einen bestimmten Aufrauhgrad erforderliche Ätzdauer abgekürzt wird. Bei der elektrolytischen Ätzung ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß die Eintauchlänge in das elektrolytische Bad verkleinert und die Stromstärke verringert werden kann, weil jetzt neben der elektrölytischen Ätzung noch die chemische Ätzung nebenher läuft. Ferner ergibt sich der dritte Vorteil, daß bei Anwendung der Erfindung im Gegensatz zu den bisher bekannten Methoden anstatt des teuren Gleichstromes mit hoher Stromstärke jetzt auch Wechselstrom angewendet werden kann.The addition of metal according to the invention has the advantage that in the purely chemical Etching, e.g. B. with acids, the etching time required for a certain degree of roughness is shortened will. In the case of electrolytic etching, there is the advantage that the immersion length in the electrolytic Bath can be reduced in size and the amperage can be reduced, because now next to the electrölytischen Etching still running alongside the chemical etching. Furthermore, there is the third advantage that when using the invention in contrast to the previously known methods instead of the expensive one Direct current with high amperage can now also be used alternating current.
In den angegebenen kleinsten Mengen von etwa 0,03 bis ο,οοι % ermöglichen diese Metallzusätze ein Formieren bis auf einen ebenso kleinen Reststrom wie bei Reinstaluminium.These metal additives make it possible to use these metal additives in the specified smallest amounts of about 0.03 to ο, οοι% Forming except for a residual current that is just as small as with pure aluminum.
Die Wirkung des Zusatzes von Nickel, Palladium oder Platin kann vermutlich damit erklärt werden, daß diese Metalle, ohne mit Aluminium Mischkristalle zu bilden, die mikroskopische Ausbildung von Kristallarten veranlassen, die edler als Aluminium sind und mit diesem Lokalelemente bilden; hierdurch tritt eine erhebliche Beschleunigung des Ätzvorgangs ein.The effect of the addition of nickel, palladium or platinum can probably be explained with it These metals are microscopic without forming mixed crystals with aluminum of crystal types that are more noble than aluminum and with this local elements form; this results in a considerable acceleration of the etching process.
Die unerwartete hohe Zeitersparnis bei der chemischen Ätzung von Ni enthaltender Reinstaluminiumfolie (0,100 mm stark) ersieht man z.B. aus folgendem Versuchsergebnis: Die verwendete nickelhaltige Folie entspricht hinsichtlich der unvermeidbaren Gehalte an Fe, Si und Cu der Bezeichnung »Reinstaluminium, 99,99%«.The unexpected high time savings in the chemical etching of pure aluminum foil containing Ni (0.100 mm thick) can be seen, for example, from the following test result: The used Nickel-containing foil corresponds to the designation with regard to the unavoidable contents of Fe, Si and Cu »Pure aluminum, 99.99%«.
Fe 0,002%Fe 0.002%
Si 0,006%Si 0.006%
Cu 0,001 %Cu 0.001%
Ni 0,008%Ni 0.008%
Derartige Folie ist in 3 η-Salzsäure von 500 C naeh 15 Minuten völlig zerfallen, während entsprechende Ni-freie Reinstaluminiumfolie unter diesen Bedingungen nur 0,7% Gewichtsverlust erfährt. Such a film is in Naeh 3 η-hydrochloric acid of 50 0 C for 15 minutes completely disintegrate, whereas corresponding Ni-free Reinstaluminiumfolie under these conditions undergoes only 0.7% weight loss.
Bei elektrolytischer Ätzung von derartigen Folien ergibt sich unter ähnlichen Bedingungen eine Verminderung der technisch anzuwendenden Coulomb-Zahl auf die Hälfte noch bei Folien mit 0,003 Gewichtsprozent Ni. 8jWhen such foils are electrolytically etched, the conditions are similar a reduction of the technically applicable Coulomb number by half even with foils 0.003 weight percent Ni. 8y
Das günstige Ätzverhalten der Metallfolie nach der Erfindung läßt bei der elektrolytischen Ätzung die Anwendung von Wechselstrom im Säurebad zu. Bisher konnte bei Reinstaluminium nur Gleichstrom mit hoher Stromstärke benutzt werden. Bei der 9c Anwendung von Wechselstrom wird der apparative Aufwand verringert, da man jetzt keinen Gleichrichter für hohe Stromstärken mehr braucht, sondern die Ätzvorrichtung unmittelbar oder über einen Transformator an das Wechselstromnetz an- 9; schließen kann.The favorable etching behavior of the metal foil according to the invention leaves the electrolytic etching the use of alternating current in the acid bath. Up to now, only direct current could be used with pure aluminum be used with high amperage. When using alternating current, the apparatus Effort is reduced, since you no longer need a rectifier for high currents, but instead the etching device directly or via a transformer to the alternating current network 9; can close.
Die aus Metallfolie nach der Erfindung hergestellten Elektrolytkondensatoren sind billiger herzustellen als die aus Reinstaluminiumfolie, sie besitzen aber gleich gute Eigenschaften, insbeondere hinsichtlich der Kleinheit ihres Reststromes.The electrolytic capacitors made from metal foil according to the invention are cheaper to manufacture than those made of pure aluminum foil, but they have equally good properties, in particular regarding the smallness of their residual current.
Claims (1)
911748;French patents No. 886 533,
911748;
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES24612A DE975987C (en) | 1951-08-29 | 1951-08-29 | Mainly made of pure aluminum, metal foil for electrolytic capacitors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES24612A DE975987C (en) | 1951-08-29 | 1951-08-29 | Mainly made of pure aluminum, metal foil for electrolytic capacitors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE975987C true DE975987C (en) | 1963-01-03 |
Family
ID=7477947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES24612A Expired DE975987C (en) | 1951-08-29 | 1951-08-29 | Mainly made of pure aluminum, metal foil for electrolytic capacitors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE975987C (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB433818A (en) * | 1933-05-31 | 1935-08-21 | Joseph Barry Brennan | Improvements in and relating to electrolytic devices |
| US2043038A (en) * | 1935-01-26 | 1936-06-02 | Edwards Junius David | Anode for electrolytic condensers |
| US2050587A (en) * | 1934-02-17 | 1936-08-11 | Ruben Condenser Company | Electrolytic condenser |
| CH203783A (en) * | 1936-07-01 | 1939-03-31 | Radiowerk E Schrack Aktien Ges | Electrolytic capacitor and process for its manufacture. |
| US2199445A (en) * | 1936-07-02 | 1940-05-07 | Ruben Samuel | Electrolytic condenser and method of preparing etched electrodes therefor |
| US2206055A (en) * | 1938-01-06 | 1940-07-02 | Standard Oil Co | Gas reversion |
| US2206430A (en) * | 1934-03-21 | 1940-07-02 | Sprague Specialties Co | Electrolytic condenser |
| DE717683C (en) * | 1932-03-11 | 1942-02-19 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Electrode for electrolytic capacitors with chemically roughened surface |
| FR886533A (en) * | 1939-07-22 | 1943-10-18 | Hydrawerk Ag | Manufacturing process of an electrolytic capacitor with rough electrodes |
-
1951
- 1951-08-29 DE DES24612A patent/DE975987C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE717683C (en) * | 1932-03-11 | 1942-02-19 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Electrode for electrolytic capacitors with chemically roughened surface |
| GB433818A (en) * | 1933-05-31 | 1935-08-21 | Joseph Barry Brennan | Improvements in and relating to electrolytic devices |
| US2050587A (en) * | 1934-02-17 | 1936-08-11 | Ruben Condenser Company | Electrolytic condenser |
| US2206430A (en) * | 1934-03-21 | 1940-07-02 | Sprague Specialties Co | Electrolytic condenser |
| US2043038A (en) * | 1935-01-26 | 1936-06-02 | Edwards Junius David | Anode for electrolytic condensers |
| CH203783A (en) * | 1936-07-01 | 1939-03-31 | Radiowerk E Schrack Aktien Ges | Electrolytic capacitor and process for its manufacture. |
| US2199445A (en) * | 1936-07-02 | 1940-05-07 | Ruben Samuel | Electrolytic condenser and method of preparing etched electrodes therefor |
| US2206055A (en) * | 1938-01-06 | 1940-07-02 | Standard Oil Co | Gas reversion |
| FR886533A (en) * | 1939-07-22 | 1943-10-18 | Hydrawerk Ag | Manufacturing process of an electrolytic capacitor with rough electrodes |
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