DE972456C - Refractory lining for cupolas - Google Patents

Refractory lining for cupolas

Info

Publication number
DE972456C
DE972456C DEP842D DEP0000842D DE972456C DE 972456 C DE972456 C DE 972456C DE P842 D DEP842 D DE P842D DE P0000842 D DEP0000842 D DE P0000842D DE 972456 C DE972456 C DE 972456C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lining
cupolas
tar
carbon
masses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEP842D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Eugen Dr-Ing Habil Piwowarsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinstahl Eisenwerke Muelheim Meiderich AG
RHEINSTAHL EISENWERKE GELSENKIRCHEN AG
Original Assignee
Rheinstahl Eisenwerke Muelheim Meiderich AG
RHEINSTAHL EISENWERKE GELSENKIRCHEN AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinstahl Eisenwerke Muelheim Meiderich AG, RHEINSTAHL EISENWERKE GELSENKIRCHEN AG filed Critical Rheinstahl Eisenwerke Muelheim Meiderich AG
Priority to DEP842D priority Critical patent/DE972456C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE972456C publication Critical patent/DE972456C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/12—Shells or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B1/14—Arrangements of linings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0087—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for metallurgical applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
    • C04B2235/9676—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts against molten metals such as steel or aluminium

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Description

Feuerfeste Auskleidung für Kupolöfen Die meisten der bisher verwendeten feuerfesten Auskleidungen für Metallschmelz- und Metallumsehmelzöfen haben große Nachteile. Ihre Feuerbeständigkeit ist vielfach unzureichend. Sie reagieren mit den Metallen oder deren metallischen oder nichtmetallischen Begleitelementen, führen zu metallischen Abbränden oder verursachen Reaktionen zwischen der feuerfesten Auskleidung und der metallischen Beschickung bzw. der anfallenden Schmelze, die zu unruhigem Guß führen. Beim Kupolofenbetrieb z. B. führt die kieselsäurereiche Auskleidung des Ofens zur Bildung von Metallsilikaten, verursacht das Auftreten von Schlackeneinschlüssen und behindert die Vorgänge. der Entschwefelung.Refractory lining for cupolas Most of those previously used refractory linings for metal melting and metal melting furnaces have large Disadvantage. Their fire resistance is often inadequate. You react with the metals or their metallic or non-metallic accompanying elements to metallic burns or cause reactions between the refractory lining and the metallic charge or the resulting melt, which lead to restless Lead casting. When cupola z. B. leads the silica-rich lining of the furnace for the formation of metal silicates, causes the appearance of slag inclusions and hinders the process. desulfurization.

Um die erwähnten Nachteile zu beseitigen und Metallschmelzen vom gewünschten Reinheitsgrade zu erzielen, hat man als Auskleidung von Schmelz-oder Umschmelzöfen für die Gewinnung von Blei, Kupfer und Aluminium bereits Kohlenstoffsteine angewandt, die gegebenenfalls gekühlt sein können. Auch für die Herstellung von Schmelztiegeln für kleine gasöl- oder elektrisch beheizte Tiegelöfen ist die Verwendung kohlenstoffhaltiger, feuerfester Massen bekannt. Ferner ist die Verwendung kohlenstoffhaltiger Massen für den Betrieb von Reduktionsöfen, wie z. B. Hochöfen, d. h. also bei der Erzeugung von Metallen aus Erzen vorgeschlagen worden. Bei Kupolöfen dagegen, insbesondere in deren Zone oberhalb der Formenebene, hat man derartige Massen als Futter wegen der dort herrschenden stark oxydierenden Atmosphäre noch nicht anzuwenden versucht, obwohl damit sehr erhebliche metallurgische Vorteile erreicht werden können.In order to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and metal melting of the desired Achieving degrees of purity has to be done by lining melting or remelting furnaces carbon stones have already been used for the extraction of lead, copper and aluminum, which can optionally be cooled. Also for the manufacture of crucibles For small gas oil or electrically heated crucible furnaces, the use of carbonaceous, refractory masses known. Furthermore, the use of carbonaceous masses for the operation of reduction furnaces, such as B. blast furnaces, d. H. so has been proposed in the production of metals from ores. In the case of cupolas, on the other hand, especially in their zone above the plane of the mold, one has such masses as Feed not yet to be used because of the strongly oxidizing atmosphere there tried, although very significant metallurgical benefits can be achieved with it.

Die Erfindung schlägt nun vor, solche aschearmen, kohlenstoffreichen Massen, z. B. aus Graphit, Teerkohle oder Teerkoksgemischen, als Material für die Auskleidung von Kupolöfen oberhalb der Formenebene zu verwenden, wobei die Auskleidung durch Kühlen mittels Wasser oder Preßluft, z. B. etwa durch Einlegen von gekühlten Rohrschlangen, unterhalb der Entzündungstemperatur gehalten wird.The invention now proposes such low-ash, carbon-rich Masses, e.g. B. graphite, tar coal or tar coke mixtures, as a material for the Use the lining of cupolas above the mold level, with the lining by cooling with water or compressed air, e.g. B. about by inserting cooled Coils, is kept below the ignition temperature.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung-der Erfindung können diesen kohlenstoffreichen Auskleidungsmassen noch inaktivierende, hochschmelzende, chemisch widerstandsfähige Oxyde oder Karbide, wie z. B. reine Tonerde, Quarz oder Si.liziumkarbid, zugegeben werden, welche diese Massen noch zusätzlich vor Oxydation schützen.In a further embodiment of the invention, these can be carbon-rich Lining compounds still inactivating, high-melting, chemically resistant Oxides or carbides, such as. B. pure alumina, quartz or silicon carbide added which additionally protect these masses from oxidation.

Die künstliche Kühlung der kohlenstoffreichen Auskleidungsmassen muß so intensiv erfolgen, daß an der Oberfläche der Auskleidung deren Zündtemperatur nach Möglichkeit nicht überschritten wird. Dabei wird die Haltbarkeit der Auskleidung außerordentlich verlängert, wenn ihre Oberflächentemperatur unterhalb von etwa 5oo bis 55o° C gehalten wird. Sind die kohlenstoffhaltigen Zusätze dagegen weitgehend graphitisiert, so genügt es, die Kühlung so einzustellen, daß die Oberflächentemperatur unterhalb von etwa 65o bis 8oo° C je nach dem Grad der voraufgegangenen Graphitisierung der kohlenstofführenden Beimischungen gehalten wird.The artificial cooling of the carbon-rich lining compounds must take place so intensively that the ignition temperature on the surface of the lining is not exceeded if possible. This will increase the durability of the liner extremely prolonged when their surface temperature is below about 500 is kept up to 55o ° C. On the other hand, the carbonaceous additives are largely graphitized, it is sufficient to adjust the cooling so that the surface temperature below about 65o to 800 ° C depending on the degree of the previous graphitization of the carbonaceous admixtures is maintained.

Die künstliche Kühlung an den vertikalen Ofenwänden beeinträchtigt die Temperatur der niedergehenden und herunterzuschmelzenden Beschickung nur ganz unbedeutend, da an den Ofenwänden keine intensive Berührung mit der metallischen Beschikkung erfolgt.The artificial cooling on the vertical furnace walls is impaired the temperature of the feed that is going down and to be melted down only in its entirety insignificant, as there is no intensive contact with the metal on the furnace walls Loading takes place.

Die reduzierende Wirkurig der kohlenstoffreichen Massen ermöglicht beim Kupolofenbetrieb eine bessere Einhaltung des Ofenprofils, vermindert die Schlackenmenge, begünstigt das Anfallen oxydarmer Schlacken und damit die Entschwefelung und Desoxydation. Das anfallende Rinneneisen zeichnet sich durch Gasfreiheit, gute Laufeigenschaften und hervorragende Festigkeitswerte aus. Im ganzen gelingt es, durch das neue Futter die metallurgische Schmelzführung von Kupolöfen den Anforderungen an einen bestimmten Reinheitsgrad der Schmelze so weitgehend anzupassen, daß die Sicherstellung gas-und schlackenfreier Schmelzen mit bestimmt einzuhaltender chemischer Zusammensetzung in weit größerem Maße als bisher gesichert ist.The reducing effect of the carbon-rich masses enables better adherence to the furnace profile during cupola furnace operation, reduces the amount of slag, favors the accumulation of low-oxide slag and thus desulphurisation and deoxidation. The resulting channel iron is characterized by the absence of gas and good running properties and excellent strength values. On the whole, the new lining makes it possible the metallurgical smelting of cupolas meets the requirements of a particular Adjust the degree of purity of the melt to such an extent that ensuring gas and gas slag-free melts with a certain chemical composition that must be adhered to is secured to a far greater extent than before.

Claims (2)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Die Verwendung von auf eine unterhalb der Entzündungstemperatur liegende Temperatur künstlich gekühlten, aschearmen, kohlenstoffreichen Massen, z. B. aus Graphit, Teerkohle- oder Teerkoksgemischen, als Material für die Auskleidung von Kupolöfen oberhalb der Formebene. PATENT CLAIMS: i. The use of on one below the ignition temperature lying temperature artificially cooled, low-ash, carbon-rich masses, z. B. made of graphite, tar coal or tar coke mixtures, as the material for the lining of cupolas above the mold plane. 2. Auskleidungsmasse zur Verwendung nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ihr inaktivierende hochschmelzende Oxyde oder Karbide, z. B. reine Tonerde, Ouarz oder Siliziumkarbid, zugegeben sind. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 22 859, 23 219, 26 169, 52 992, 187 735, 298 682, 4o8 8o2, 484 386, 537 780, 583 381. 635 629; USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 339 192; »Stahl und Eisen«, 1910, S. 1715 bis i722; 1933, S. 997 bis 1003; 1938, S. 965 bis 970; 1942, S. 820 bis 822, 889; Zeitschrift »Die neue Gießerei«, Heft 23/24, 1943, S. 241 bis 246; Schmid, »Der Bau und der Betrieb der Kupolöfen«, i. Band, 2. Teil 1933, S. 26/27; Piwowarsky, »Hochwertiges Gußeisen«, Il. Auflage, 1951, S. 918/9i9; Wernicke, »Die Herstellung der feuerfesten Baustoffe«, 192i, S. iSi; Stahleisen-Kalender 1959. S.63.2. Lining compound for use according to claim i, characterized in that its inactivating high-melting oxides or carbides, for. B. pure alumina, Ouarz or silicon carbide are added. Considered publications: German Patent Nos. 22 859, 23 219, 26 169, 52 992, 187 735, 298 682, 4o8 8o2, 484 386, 537 780, 583 381, 635 629; U.S. Patent No. 2,339,192; "Stahl und Eisen", 1910, pp. 1715 to 1722; 1933, pp. 997 to 10 0 3; 1938, pp. 965 to 97 0 ; 1942, pp. 82 0 to 822, 889; "Die neue Gießerei" magazine, issue 23/24, 1943, pp. 241 to 246; Schmid, "The construction and operation of cupola furnaces", i. Volume, Part 2 1933, pp. 26/27; Piwowarsky, "High quality cast iron", Il. Edition, 1951, pp. 918 / 9i9; Wernicke, "The production of fire-resistant building materials", 192i, S. iSi; Steel iron calendar 1959. p.63.
DEP842D 1941-12-16 1941-12-16 Refractory lining for cupolas Expired DE972456C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP842D DE972456C (en) 1941-12-16 1941-12-16 Refractory lining for cupolas

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP842D DE972456C (en) 1941-12-16 1941-12-16 Refractory lining for cupolas

Publications (1)

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DE972456C true DE972456C (en) 1959-07-23

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Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE22859C (en) * Dr. O. gmelin in Budapest Double-walled jacket, open at the top, with water cooling for melting furnaces
DE187735C (en) *
DE23219C (en) * W. W. CHIPMAN in New-York: Application of graphite lining in ore steel furnaces
DE298682C (en) *
DE52992C (en) * F. A. HERBERTZ in Köln a. Rh Melting furnace with steam jet
DE26169C (en) * Dr. G. DURYEE in New-York, A. CH. CLARK in Montreal und G. H. PATTERSON in Montreal, Amerika Process for the production of refractory glazed coatings and plates for ovens
DE408802C (en) * 1923-10-06 1925-01-26 Adolf Junius Dr Process for the production of the bottom, frame and rest of shaft ovens
DE484386C (en) * 1927-06-04 1929-10-22 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Crucible made up of two or more layers of different materials
DE537780C (en) * 1930-01-08 1931-11-06 John Cockerill Sa Method and device for cooling the masonry of blast furnaces
DE583381C (en) * 1926-11-18 1933-09-02 Ferdinand Heyd Dr Ing Method and device for cooling metallurgical ovens, casting molds and the like Like. With the help of circulating high pressure water or high pressure steam
DE635629C (en) * 1935-07-16 1936-09-21 Koelsch Foelzer Werke Akt Ges Mantle consisting of several rings for shaft ovens with cooling boxes
US2339192A (en) * 1941-06-27 1944-01-11 Roberson Frank Method of treating vessels having refractory linings

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE22859C (en) * Dr. O. gmelin in Budapest Double-walled jacket, open at the top, with water cooling for melting furnaces
DE187735C (en) *
DE23219C (en) * W. W. CHIPMAN in New-York: Application of graphite lining in ore steel furnaces
DE298682C (en) *
DE52992C (en) * F. A. HERBERTZ in Köln a. Rh Melting furnace with steam jet
DE26169C (en) * Dr. G. DURYEE in New-York, A. CH. CLARK in Montreal und G. H. PATTERSON in Montreal, Amerika Process for the production of refractory glazed coatings and plates for ovens
DE408802C (en) * 1923-10-06 1925-01-26 Adolf Junius Dr Process for the production of the bottom, frame and rest of shaft ovens
DE583381C (en) * 1926-11-18 1933-09-02 Ferdinand Heyd Dr Ing Method and device for cooling metallurgical ovens, casting molds and the like Like. With the help of circulating high pressure water or high pressure steam
DE484386C (en) * 1927-06-04 1929-10-22 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Crucible made up of two or more layers of different materials
DE537780C (en) * 1930-01-08 1931-11-06 John Cockerill Sa Method and device for cooling the masonry of blast furnaces
DE635629C (en) * 1935-07-16 1936-09-21 Koelsch Foelzer Werke Akt Ges Mantle consisting of several rings for shaft ovens with cooling boxes
US2339192A (en) * 1941-06-27 1944-01-11 Roberson Frank Method of treating vessels having refractory linings

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