DE956246C - Arrangement for the automatic execution of control and monitoring processes for machines - Google Patents

Description

Arrangement for the automatic implementation of control and monitoring processes for machines For the automatic execution of control and monitoring processes for machines, e.g. B. of emergency diesel engines, water power machines, converters etc., the processes generally take place in such a way that a process is terminated the beginning of a further process either immediately or after a certain time triggers. In many cases it is also necessary to time the processes to monitor in their process whether the process aimed at Effect occurs within a certain time. For this purpose one has so far Timing relays are used, which by using escapement mechanisms, synchronous motors and the like Allow delayed contact activation. However, such timing relays are proportionate expensive and also take up a fairly large space. With the endeavor to the auxiliary equipment to simplify such controls by using low-voltage relays and to accommodate them in a small space, the timing relays caused considerable difficulties.

According to the invention, these can be eliminated in that for the initiation and monitoring of the processes that only occur after a certain Time initiated or monitored in its effect, a common voter, For example, a rotary selector is provided that each only up to to achieve the initiation or monitoring of a desired process arranged Contact is advanced at certain time intervals, while he then or after completion of the control or monitoring process to be carried out, preferably accelerated is returned to the rest position and a new control or Monitoring process is ready. Through the application of a voter can carry out the control in a simple manner, since the idle position of the selector again and again as the common reference point for determining the "individual times in which the processes are initiated is available.

This should first be done on the basis of the starting point of a diesel generator in short: to be explained.

For example, if the voltage fails, the emergency generator should not be used immediately be started, because not with every brief power interruption, but the unit should only be put into operation in the event of a long interruption. It is therefore updated in the event of a voltage breakdown of the voters and only at The diesel reaches a certain contact by introducing compressed air put into action. If the diesel does not start for any reason, it will the starting process is blocked after a certain time determined by the voter. However, if the diesel reaches the prescribed level within this monitoring time Speed, the voter is accelerated back to its rest position and runs from there on again. After reaching a certain contact, the oil pressure monitoring and the storage temperature: tu.r Monitoring @ switched on and then the voter again accelerated back to the zero position. Should the diesel be switched off, so the fuel supply is interrupted and the voter started again, the after a certain time, which is sufficient for the run-down, that occurred when switching off Blocking of the starting process cancels again, so that the diesel is started again can be.

The drawing shows an example of the control system for: a Emergency generator presented to consumers that would normally come from any Mains are fed, to be supplied with power in the event of a failure of this network. To this The purpose is that in the event of a mains voltage failure, the emergency power generator is started automatically, the consumers are switched off from the mains and connected to the voltage of the emergency power generator.

In the exemplary embodiment, the network voltage on is used to monitor Mains voltage monitor, of which only contact s is shown. This contact is open as long as mains voltage is present. As a result, the relay is SR tension-free. However, if the mains voltage fails, contact s is closed and the relay Sp is energized. This closes its working contacts spl and spe and switches the changeover contact sp "to the left. The contact spe becomes a switching device connected to voltage, which sends out pulses at certain time intervals. These Switching device consists of a relay ZR with two windings. To the series connection The capacitor C is connected to these windings. The relay has a Contact sr, which is in the position shown in the figure when the relay is not energized occupies and connects the common point of the two windings with the contact sp ". If this is closed, a current flows through the contact zr to the relay ZR. Part of this current flows through the upper winding and capacitor C, another part via the lower winding to the voltage source (battery AK). Since the currents in the two windings are directed opposite to each other, so the relay can only respond when the capacitor is completely or almost completely is fully charged. As soon as the relay responds, it adds its contact right around. The discharge current of the capacitor now flows through the two windings of the relay. As a result, the contact is still in its right position is held. Only when the capacitor C is discharged does the contact return to üz- in back to the rest position shown, and the process can begin again. With This switching arrangement can send out pulses at precise time intervals The frequency of the pulses depends on the size of the capacitor C. The circuit is largely independent of voltage fluctuations in the operating current source. Another advantage of the switching device is that the pulse generation is complete is independent of the voter to be switched.

In the exemplary embodiment, a rotary selector is provided as a selector, with the rotary magnet D.1-1 and the contact bank 3.1. Instead of a rotary selector, Another voter, for example a relay chain, can also be used. By the contact sp "is used to connect the rotary magnet to the time switch: device. Whenever the contact switches to the right position, the rotary magnet becomes DM excited. As a result, it attracts: and moves the voter one step further. As mentioned, the time between two steps can be determined by the dimensioning of the capacitor C and is set to r second in the previous case.

Only after 3 seconds will selector steps 3 and q. the first processes for starting the diesel engine are initiated in order to avoid the engine being started in the event of a brief power failure. If the voltage returns within the first 3 seconds, the contact sp3 is brought back to the rest position shown and the selector is accelerated into the rest position (\ Tullst ° I-lung) in self-interrupting circuit with the help of the contacts dm, and ditto. The contact dato is a cam contact of the selector, which is only in the zero position of the selector in the position shown. The contact diya is opened and closed each time the incremental solenoid DM is operated.

If the mains voltage failure persists, the selector steps 3 and 4. during the voter circulation via the normally closed contact bi. Of the relay B, the closed Make contact spl, the break contact dl and the two break contacts gzl and b2 the two relays F and A are energized. As long as relay A is energized, there is the Andaßluft for the diesel engine free, while the relay F the filling of the diesel engine limited by their controller. So, as long as the relay F is switched on, the filling of the diesel engine cannot be increased above a certain level. The relay F, which has two windings, is held by a self-holding contact f1, an auxiliary contact hkl of the switch of the diesel engine driven Generator, one contact oxl of a relay O X and one contact az4 itself as long as until either the circuit breaker of the diesel generator or the monitoring of the Oil pressure of the diesel engine (relay 0X) is switched on or until relay AZ is excited.

While the voter is now progressing step-by-step, switching is carried out the diesel is put into operation under the influence of the starter air. If he is within has not been active for a certain period of time, the 33rd contact will be made of the selector which energizes a coil of the relay AZ_, which via the contact a.zl das Bl.ockierungsrelais B actuated, which holds itself via the contact bi. Through this the starting process is blocked. The relay AZ is held through the contact az, and b8. By pressing the button BT the blocking can be done by switching off the blocking relay B to be repealed.

If, however, the diesel has come into operation before this time, which is determined by the rotation of the selector from contact 3 to contact 33, a relay D which monitors the speed is actuated. This relay. D is dependent on a contact DR, which is then closed as soon as the machine has reached a certain speed. When relay D responds, contact dl is thrown over and thus the circuits controlled by the selector are made independent of contacts b1 and spl. The relay GZ is excited via contact d3. This is maintained via its contact gz3 and via the contact b5 and the contacts abc, and az3. At the contact d4 of the selector magnet DM is switched off by the timing device and is laid over the contacts b7 and hl in self-breaker circuit, so that the selector accelerated returned to the rest position. By actuating the relay GZ, the contacts gzl and gz2 are also opened, so that when. If the dialer starts again, the relays F, A: and AZ can no longer be energized as long as the relay GZ is energized.

As soon as the selector has reached the zero position, the auxiliary relay Hl is excited via the contact dno, which then assumes the position shown, and the contact d5, which has now been closed. This relay is maintained via contact 12l4 and via the closed normally open contact gz5. At the same time, the contact lal, has been turned to the right, so that the selector magnet DM is reconnected to the timing device via the contacts d4, b7, hl, and the contact ox4. The voter is thus again incrementally advanced.

After a certain time, as soon as the selector has reached the 13th contact, the relay 0X is excited via the closed contact hl. This relay is held via the contact ox3 and the closed contact d6. By opening the contact ox, it is prevented that further actuations can be carried out via the contact 13 when the voter circulates again. By the contact of the ox4 Fortschaitmagnet DM will now be disconnected from the Zeitschal.tvoirrichtung and, according to the contact 21 in self-breaking circuit switched. The voter runs back to the rest position more quickly. As soon as it has reached this, the auxiliary relay H2 is energized via the contact dno and ox, which is held by itself via the contact h22 and the contact gz. The contact is also turned over and. so that the selector prepares for start-up again.

When relay 0X responds, contact ox3 is also closed and thus the monitoring of the bearing oil pressure and the cooling water temperature is switched on. The oil pressure acts on the pressure switch DS, which is open as long as there is oil pressure is. The cooling water temperature acts on the temperature switch TWS, which is open remains as long as the temperature still has a permissible value.

The machine is now in operation and, when the voltage of the generator reaches the desired value, the consumers can be connected to it. This connection is made by actuating the relay LX, which is energized when the generator has reached the required speed (contact d2) and voltage has come on (contact GS). When the relay responds, the mains switch is switched off, i.e. the consumers are disconnected from the mains, and the generator switch is inserted, ie the consumers are connected to the previous diesel-powered generator. Contact 12h2 then opens, causing relay LX to drop out again. Furthermore, the contact kkl is opened, and the BQ limit of filling the diesel stops. If the machine is to be switched off again, the ABT button is briefly pressed. As a result, the relay AB is switched on, which closes a self-holding circuit via the contact. When contact is made, the blocking relay.s. B excited. As long as the relay AB is energized, the fuel supply to the diesel engine is also switched off. In addition, the switch of the generator is opened when the relay AB responds. When relay B responds, contact bank M is connected directly to voltage via contact b9. The now -open contacts b2 and b4 block actuation of the relays F, A and AZ, which could occur because the circuit for the relay GZ at contact b. was interrupted. By switching the contact b5 to the right position, a circuit is closed for the time switch device, which also remains when the contacts spe or 9z4 are open.

Furthermore, the response of the blocking relay B becomes the contact b6 turned over, and thus the connection of the rotary magnet to the timer prepared, which, however, is not yet effective because contact d4 is still in is in the right position.

If the speed has dropped so far that the switch DR opens, the relay D is de-energized and the contact d4 is switched to the rest position shown. The rotary magnet DM now receives pulses from the time switch at regular intervals. As soon as the voter the @ 3o. When contact is reached, relay ABC, since contact b3 is closed, is energized, which holds itself via contact abcl and switches off relay AB by opening contact dbc2. The time that elapses from the beginning of the speed dropping below a certain speed until the relay ABC responds is measured in such a way that the machine has definitely come to a standstill. The blocking of the start-up of the unit can then be canceled again by pressing the BT button, so that the emergency power unit is released for renewed operation. Earlier actuation of the BT button has no effect, since the AB relay must first have dropped out.

If the cooling water becomes too hot or the bearing oil pressure is too low while the diesel unit is in operation, contacts tw or w. oz2 the relay AB is energized, and the switch-off process is initiated in the manner described.

In the event of: The storage oil tube is interrupted, the switch-off is only carried out if there is no pressure for a certain period of time. This is monitored with the help of relays 0 and OZ. When the pressure switch DS closes, i.e. the oil pressure has fallen below a certain value, the relay OZ is prepared. At the same time, the selector magnet DM is connected to the timing device via contact o3. The selector is set in motion and when it reaches the 33rd contact position while the relay O is still energized, the relay OZ is energized, which switches on the switch-off relay AB with the help of the contact, oz2 and thus initiates the switch-off process. When the relay OZ responds, the selector is accelerated back to the rest position by flipping the contact oz3. The same is also the case if the oil pressure returns before the 33rd selector position is reached and relay 0 drops out. When monitoring the oil pressure, the rotary selector is also used to initiate a process if the oil pressure does not return within a certain period of time, namely here, too, this time from the start of the selector from the zero position until a certain contact is reached (33. ) certainly.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS: r. Arrangement for the automatic execution of control and monitoring operations for machines, e.g. B. starting, stopping the same or Switching on and off operational control devices of the machines where after issuing a command, various processes in a certain order triggered or monitored, characterized in that for the initiation and monitoring of processes that are only initiated after certain times have elapsed or their effects are monitored by a common voter, for example a Rotary selector, is provided, which can only be used until the, the initiation, or monitoring of a desired process associated contact in certain time intervals is incremented, while it is then or after expiration the control or monitoring process to be carried out, preferably accelerated, is returned to the rest position and for a new control or monitoring process is ready. a. Arrangement according to claim z, characterized in that locking contacts, which are operated according to the automatic sequence of the control, each only some of the actuating relays connected to the selector are released for actuation will. 3. Arrangement according to claim r, characterized in that in the circuit of the Selector forwarding magnets a series of changeover contacts are connected, which the voter advancing magnet either with a switching device, which in certain sends out pulses at intervals or with a self-interrupting circuit of the voter connects. q .. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that switching device which emits the pulses at certain time intervals a relay with two: windings, connected in series with a capacitor is connected, and that the common connection point of the two windings is connected to one pole of the power source via a contact of the relay, while the other end of one winding is connected to the other pole of the power source is. Documents considered: Dr. Ing. Fritz Hahn, ». Wiring manual telecommunications technology «, r. Volume, edition 1942, pp. 152 to r63.