DE9321036U1 - Animal feed for increased performance - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to an animal feed additive, in particular for farm animals, and also to an animal feed and a method for improving the performance of farm animals.

So-called performance enhancers are commonly used in today's livestock feed. A distinction is made between antibiotic and chemical performance enhancers such as zinc bacitracin, flavophospholipol, virginiamycin, tylosin phosphate, avoparcin, olaquindox and monensin sodium, which are approved in Austria as performance-enhancing feed additives. In addition, so-called probiotics or microbiological performance enhancers have been available for several years.

The purpose of these antibiotic, chemical and microbiological growth enhancers is to increase the growth intensity of livestock.

However, chemical and antibiotic performance enhancers have fallen into disrepute in recent years, especially among consumers, and have been banned as feed additives in Sweden, for example. This is not so much due to a possible residue problem in the food or a possible risk to the consumer, which may have existed from substances that were previously approved but have since been banned, but rather due to the consumer's desire for a natural, unadulterated and harmless food.

The development of microbiological performance enhancers has partly taken this wish into account, but they do not fully meet the expectations of modern agriculture, which leads to an economic production process.

process is forced.

The animal feed additive according to the invention is characterized in that it contains an effective amount of plant material from Sanguinaria Canadensis or an extract thereof. Furthermore, the animal feed additive is characterized in that it contains an effective amount of benzophenanthiridine alkaloid, in particular sanguinarine alkaloid. Further advantageous features can be found in the patent claims and the following description.

The present invention provides, among other things, an animal feed or supplementary feed for animals, which contains alkaloids, in particular from the plant Sanguinaria Canadensis, such as sanguinarine, chelerythrine, chelirubin, sangurubin, chelilutin, sanguilutin, but also derivatives thereof, such as sanguinarine chloride or the entire alkaloid-containing plant or parts thereof. These have a growth-promoting effect on livestock. Furthermore, the feed's ingredients improve the resistance of livestock, in particular poultry, to salmonella, which today represents an enormous financial damage to animal health, especially in poultry farming. This protective effect also occurs against single-cell pathogens, in particular coccidia, which cause a significant impairment of animal health in our livestock, in particular poultry. A further protective effect occurs against a bacterial pathogen (Escherichia coli), especially in pigs, through the administration of the feed according to the invention or its ingredients. A further advantage of the feed according to the invention and the added substance is the better shelf life of the feed due to an increased resistance to mycotic (fungal)

and bacterial feed spoilage. In addition, there is a growth-promoting feed additive that is purely plant-based and natural, which also meets the consumer's desire for a natural food.

Sanguinarine and related alkaloids are found primarily in the Sanguinaria Canadensis plant, but also in other plants. Sanguinarine and related alkaloids have a broad in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens as well as against protozoa and fungi. Based on toxicity studies and the fact that the substance is only absorbed in trace amounts from the intestinal tract, it has been shown that these substances are particularly suitable as feed additives for animals. Arne's Salmonella/Micro-some test was used to prove that there is no mutagenicity. In feeding tests on animals, no toxic effect could be detected with concentrations of 15, 45 and 150 ppm sanguinarine. The LD 50 for oral administration was found in animals for various Sanguinaria extracts to be between 1250 and 1658 mg/kg, i.e. a value that is up to 1500 times higher than that of the feed additive.

Extracts from Sanguinaria Canadensis contain the main alkaloids in the following concentration:

Table extract 1 B Sanguinarine A 40% Chelerythrine 50% 24% Chelirubin 25% 3.5% Sanguirubin 4% 0.5% 1%

- 4 * t · 5% 32% &bull; « Cl 15% attached to
Chelerythrine - Chelilutin Sanguilutin

The main component sanguinarine has the following structural formula (in chloride form):

Chemically, it is a benzophenanthridine chloride.

Example for feed:

Growth-promoting feed for fattening pigs based on a pig fattening feed II according to the Austrian feed regulation:

Crude protein at least % 13

Digestible protein min.% 10

Metabolizable energy min. MJ/kg .12 Total nutrients min, g/kg ....680

Crude fibre maximum % 8

Calcium min. % 0.6

Phosphorus min. % 0.5

Sodium min. % 0.15

Lysine min. % 0,

Vitamin A IU/kg ...4,000-20,000

Vitamin D IU/kg 450- 3,000

Copper min, mg/kg 20

Zinc min, mg/kg 70

composition

Ration example for pig fattening feed II according to the invention
(Data in weight percent)

80% barley
9.2% corn
5% soy
2.6% animal meal
0.8% feed lime
1.5% DCP
0.4% cattle salt

0.5% vitamin and mineral premix
50 mg/kg Sanguinaria extract

The alkaloids/Sanguinaria extract can be used in amounts between 1 and 500 mg/kg feed, preferably between 5 and 150 mg/kg.

All other animal feeds tailored to the needs of the animal can be produced with the same concentration (1-500 mg/kg feed) of the Sanguinaria extract or the corresponding derivatives.

The effectiveness of these feeds in terms of growth-promoting properties was confirmed in a fattening performance trial with pigs.

The results of the trial showed that the feed according to the invention led to a 7.5% increase in daily weight gain in fattening pigs compared to animals without the addition of Sanguinar extract. This is far more than usual.

cial performance enhancers can achieve in terms of growth increase (max. 4% increase in growth intensity). In this experiment, a control group was fed a probiotic performance enhancer, which, however, led to a significantly poorer increase in growth than in the group with the feed according to the invention (+2.8%).

Table 2

Average daily weight gains of the different test groups over an observation period of 70 days with allocated feed amounts (no ad libitum feeding).

Group I (control) 507 g

Group II (Probiotic) 521 g

Group III (Sanguinaria extract 545 g (+7.5%)

Sanguinaria Canadensis (Canadian bloodroot) is a monotypic genus of the Papaveraceae family. It is herbaceous and native to the eastern United States.

The active substances of Sanguinaria Canadensis include various alkaloids mentioned above, especially sanguinarine as the main component. The rhizomes of the plant contain about 3 to 7% alkaloids, depending on the growing conditions and the harvest time.

Although these alkaloids have been known for a long time and extensive toxicity tests have been carried out on animals, a positive effect on growth

never noticed by animals. This is a very surprising, beneficial property of these alkaloids.

Preparation Example 1 (according to Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health)

An alkaloid extract A is obtained from Sanguinaria Canadensis by preparing an acid-base extraction from the powdered rhizomes in methanol and then precipitating it with zinc chloride.

A similar extract B is prepared in the same way, but with a small amount of deionized water added to the solvent.

Sanguinarine can be obtained from the extracts as a pure substance by recrystallization using NaCl and HCl, treatment with NH ₄ OH and then precipitating twice with HCl. The analytical values are given in Table 1.

Manufacturing example 2

The extract used in the fattening performance test described was prepared as described below:

The dried and powdered rhizomes of Sanguinaria Canadensis were subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction. The solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. A concentrated, liar-like, viscous extract with a reddish brown color and a sweet, tobacco-like odor was obtained.

This extract was freeze-dried for 24 hours

and then ground with corn starch as a binding and carrier medium in a ratio of about 1:4.

In the process for improving the performance of livestock, the alkaloid amounts are preferably between 0.07 and 35 mg and particularly preferably between 0.35 and 10.5 mg/kg body weight/day.

Claims (7)

EXPECTATIONS 1. Animal feed additive as a performance enhancer for farm animals, characterized in that it contains an effective amount of plant material of Sanguinaria Canadensis or an extract thereof. 2. Animal feed additive as a performance enhancer for farm animals, characterized in that it contains an effective amount of benzophenanthiridine alkaloid, in particular sanguinarine alkaloid, or its derivatives. 3. Animal feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains one or more alkaloids or alkaloid derivatives selected from the following group: sanguinarine, chelerythrine, chelirubin, sanguirubin, chelilutin, sanguilutin and physiologically acceptable salts of these compounds. 4. Animal feed additive according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the alkaloids are in the following ratios to one another: ■ Sanguinarine: 35 to 55 wt.% Chelerythrine: 20 to 30 wt.%
Chelirubin: 3 to 5 wt.%
Sanguirubin: 0 to 2 wt.%
Chelilutin: 3 to 40 wt.%
Sanguilutin: 0 to 15 wt.% 5. Animal feed additive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sanguinarine alkaloid is in the form of sanguinarine chloride. 6. Animal feed, characterized in that in addition to the usual feed ingredients, an animal feed additive according to one or more of claims 1 to 4 is contained in an amount of 1 to 500 mg/kg, preferably 5 to 150 mg/kg based on the amount of alkaloid per kg of total feed. 7. Animal feed according to claim 6 for performance promotion, characterized in that the amount of alkaloid is between 0.07 and 35 mg, preferably between 0.35 and 10.5 mg per kg BM (live weight) per day.