DE931046C - Method and device for withdrawing and releasing heat energy - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for withdrawing and releasing thermal energy Under a method for the withdrawal and for the release of thermal energy is supposed to be a process be understood, which allows on a - relatively low temperature level To take heat and this heat again at a relatively higher temperature level submit. Analogously, this process can also have a heat gradient for implementation in exploiting mechanical energy.

It is known per se, the withdrawal and the release of thermal energy to bring about by means of a compressible working medium in the form mentioned, that this medium is in a thermodynamic, open or closed process passes through at least two communicating rooms, in which different Pressure conditions prevail and heat transfers can take place.

However, the process is usually carried out by a series of condensing, expanding and heat-exchanging apparatus causes a greater number of individual parts and a relatively large technical one in relation to the performance Represent effort.

For such a system, however, it is important that the design The simple thing is that there are as few sources of interference as possible during operation and that they are themselves any overhauls and repairs can be carried out quickly and without laborious dismantling work perform lasisen. It can also be important to consider the number of individual parts as much as possible to b.restrict. Especially with regard to the use of such Plant as a relatively small unit for purposes where the prime costs are a play an essential role, it is desirable by reducing the amount as much as possible the number. of the individual parts while maintaining a satisfactory thermodynamic Efficiency of the application: to enable the process in the first place.

The present invention relates to a particular embodiment of the Process for withdrawing and releasing heat energy by means of a thermodynamic Process. According to the invention, the method is characterized in that the working medium its compression and expansion: states, but at least its compression states experiences through centrifugal fields and the necessary to generate these centrifugal fields Type of flow when absorbing and releasing heat, but at least with one of these Processes is maintained.

This form of the procedure allows on the usual devices to subdivide the processes to dispense with various apparatus and the process basically to be carried out with a previously unattainable minimum of components, by assembling these apparatuses into a small number of machine elements can be.

The facility for carrying out the procedure is indicated by a heat supply device, through a device that has a centrifugal force effects causative form of the 'flow conditioned, and finally by a heat dissipation device; The supply and removal of heat can increase towards or within the zones or with decreasing centrifugal force in whole or in part.

So that the working medium has a higher temperature level when conveying heat from the zones of high centrifugal forces are brought back into zones of lower centrifugal force a conveyor is necessary. When using a heat gradient To generate mechanical energy, this conveyor device is .driven accordingly and can release the generated energy.

A number of measures can be taken to help increase the specific performance of the system, the regulation, this system, the safe operation this system, the simple manufacture of this system or the use of it System for the purpose of thermodynamic treatment of the working medium itself.

Some of these measures are discussed below: Preferably A heavy, monatomic gas can be used as the working medium, such as Xenon, argon or krypton; these gases have a relatively high heat absorption capacity and are suitable for use within the process.

When a closed circuit is arranged, the working medium be put under pressure, whereby the in a plant of a certain size accommodated Performance can be significantly increased.

The performance of the system can be further improved by adding a vaporous additive or a liquid additive or a mixture from both to the working medium, with liquid films on the heat transfer surfaces that improve the heat transfer. In particular, between the gaseous working medium and this liquid: film another heat-exchanging one Component are switched on, for example in the form of both parts touching Metal plates.

The system can be designed so that the entire cycle (or parts of it) takes place in a rotor, whereby the heat-exchanging surfaces take part in the rotation in whole or in part.

Ribs or surfaces can be attached to the heat-exchanging surfaces that increase the surface available for heat transfer.

When using a rotor, the pumping device can by this Rotor itself can be effected by placing a suitable stator element in this rotor or attached to the rotor.

Liquid films formed in the zone of heat exchange can by a conveying device, preferably by the 'damming effect as a result of the centrifugal flow, be promoted to other zones. This device can also be used for gaseous and mixed media are used.

The heat exchange with the environment when using a rotor Serving surfaces can advantageously be arranged so that particles of the surrounding Medium that emits or absorbs its thermal energy on the surfaces concerned due to the centrifugal forces still effective in the boundary layer from the zone of the Heat exchange are displaced.

The specific performance of the system can be increased in that in heat exchange with the environment between the zone outside to the heat transferring Areas and other rooms to be heated or cooled form a cycle with one High heat storage substance; like water, or a cycle with one Substance, the rotating elements have the lowest possible frictional resistance opposed, is used. For .the heat supply and the heat dissipation: are separate Circuits required.

When arranging rotors, the use of such a Circuit with light gases, the frictional resistance of the rotor can be reduced.

When using rotors are expediently inside the same Blades or channels arranged so that the angular speed of the rotor is transferred in a suitable form to the working medium. To reduce of the heat exchange within the system, the partition walls, the zones can be different Separate the heat content from each other, appropriately insulating, especially double-walled are executed.

When using rotors and a rotor inner element as Conveying device, analogously when using chambers and closed circuits, can provide the required torque of the conveyor through a gland seal Coupling, for example a magnetic one, are supplied. This measure permitted a completely closed execution of the plant and the retention of a once applied filling pressure for a long time.

When using rotors, the same can expediently from simple Bodies of revolution, especially disks and rings, are put together that form the Allow choice of forms of high strength against centrifugal forces, with rotors made of the parts are built up by permanent joining processes such as welding will.

The performance of the external heat transfer surfaces can be reduced in use of rotors can also be increased by the fact that conveyors on the rotor for the surrounding media, which have an intensified circulation of this Effect medium over the heat exchange surfaces.

The performance of the external heat transfer surfaces can be reduced in use of rotors can also be increased by being close to those located on the surfaces Boundary layers of the surrounding medium baffles are arranged, which facilitate the exchange favor the boundary layers.

The regulation of this system can be done by arranging a closed, pressurized circuit are expediently effected by the fact that this Pressure is changed according to need.

However, the change in performance can also be caused by throttling effects the media surrounding the system are effected.

The performance is also and to a large extent on the size the centrifugal force fields or the rotational speed of the working medium dependent and can be regulated within the broadest limits by changing them.

When using the plant to cope with larger achievements the use of a multitude of parallel bziv. systems connected in series are cheaper be considered a corresponding increase in dimensions caused by severe deterioration of the thermodynamic efficiency above the optimal size reach their limits finds. In particular, the multiple arrangement of smaller systems is also manufacturing technology advantageous.

When using the rotor, different zones arise between zones Diameter a conveying effect, in particular as far as s: e a suction of the Heat supply zone in the Wärmeabgabezon.e caused is undesirable or the arrangement caused by seals. To remedy this circumstance, the external one is advantageous Pressure is applied to the medium, for example by conveying it against a throttle point, which corresponds to the delivery pressure and thus cancels it.

Safe operation with a minimum of manufacturing effort can be achieved in particular by the fact that the rotor is flexurally soft on one Device or on a joint that can be used to introduce the torque, is hung vertically. The rotor can then revolve around its center of gravity at higher speeds rotate. The same effect can also be achieved with rotors by means of the suspension according to Lava l other axis position can be achieved. This measure reduces the effect of imbalances lifted at the occurring high speeds, the system simplified and the Production cheaper.

In certain applications it can be advantageous to use the heat exchange processes by alternating heating or cooling and subsequent commissioning up to to replace the exhaustion of the potential or repetition of this process. the Heating or cooling can also occur through internal chemical processes or through discharge and bringing in a good outside of the system that has changed its heat content be effected.

When using the rotor, when using liquid films Bead-shaped diaphragms are used, which allow the liquid films to flow off into Prevent zones of greater centrifugal force.

When arranging open circuits and using the rotor can expediently the expansion by expanding the working medium in a Zone of higher centrifugal force than the working medium is sucked in, whereby the working medium is conveyed through the rotor without a separate pumping system.

The rotor can be made of steel, but expediently also of high strength Aluminum alloys are produced, which are excellent at high strength Have thermal conductivity.

The. simple shape which particularly contrasts the rotors of such systems granted to many common elements of rotating compressors and expansion machines can be allowed to generate extremely high speeds, which to corresponding high specific performance of the systems. It also favors use the system at extremely low or high temperatures.

When using the rotor, partial icing of the heat emitting external medium particularly favorable conditions are created in that the frozen particles are scraped off or simply thrown off the rotating rotor will.

The procedural thermodynamic process can in particular also be used to treat the working medium itself, with the implementation chemical and physical processes at different temperatures and pressure conditions even when intensified by the flow of the working medium Touching a contact substance is possible within the process. As examples be the application in petroleum processing, the application for freezing out Steaming or liquefaction of gases mentioned.

The simplest form of facility to carry out the procedure is shown in Fig. i. A cylindrical chamber is a vertical one Cut.

The working medium enters at a through a pipe i and receives as a result the tangential position of this pipe a rotation similar to a cyclonic flow, those in zone e to a relatively low compression, in zone b to one leads to relatively greater compression. The working fluid is near the zone b sucked through the pipe 3 again, fed to a fan 6 and through the tangential Pipe i fed back to the system. This process can also be reversed, in that the suction takes place through the pipe i and the tangential supply through the tube 3. The position of both tubes in relation to the chamber is expedient changes. The fan 6 arranged at p is driven by the electric motor 8.

If your working medium is now through the surfaces 4 heat from a relative supplied to a cool environment, so the medium is able to in the more condensed Conditions at b on the walls 2 to give off heat to a relatively warmer environment.

However, the process can still be carried out if the open circuit is arranged be simplified more. The zone with the surfaces 4 and the pipe 3 are omitted here, the suction takes place from the environment at p, into which also the in compressed Condition cooled medium expands again. The heat absorption takes place here as a result the probability of a percentage of warmer medium particles being sucked in, than are present in the 'expansion zone, or by heating the medium in the wider area.

With the spiral 7 in zone b, the arrangement of a contact substance is intended are shown, which of the working medium under pressure and higher temperature and with the speed of the tangential component of the centrifugal flow is touched.

With the closed and the open arrangement, the device can be used heating or cooling of surrounding rooms, treatment of a working medium itself or the acquisition of work from a positive existing between e and b Heat gradient are intended.

The arrangement of several systems with intermittent heat supply is easily imaginable for a person skilled in the art if he assumes that one row next to one another arranged devices according to FIG. i individual by heating or cooling in individual zones are changed, while others allow the potential stored in this way use to carry out the procedure. The surfaces 2 and 4 is for this a possible large heat storage capacity granted.

The execution of the procedure .with the help of an open or closed The rotor is shown in FIG. 2. In a device with a horizontal arrangement, a Section through the axis of rotation of the rotor.

In a closed rotor 2 i between the bearings 22 and 23 is stored, the channels 24 and 25 are arranged. The rotor consists of one Zone of smaller diameter 26 and a zone of larger diameter 27. On both Zones are ribs 36 and 37 or 38 and 39 to improve the heat transfer appropriate. Is a compressible in the rotor. Working medium introduced and the The rotor is set in rapid rotation, so the conveyor device 28, which is carried by the Electromagnet 18 is held stationary, a disturbance of the play of forces between Zones of increasing and decreasing centrifugal force cause a circulation of the working medium is initiated.

In zone g, the heating takes place with a relatively low effect of centrifugal force standing medium by the environment d of the zone. The medium then flows through the Central tube i 9 into a zone of increasing centrifugal force c and reaches its at b highest pressure caused by centrifugal forces. It can do this with the heat that was recorded at d, through the rotor walls 38 to the environment / this zone hand over. The temperature of the zone f can be an indicator of the applied thermodynamic Process above that of the zoned. The medium, cooled under pressure, flows further through the zone of decreasing centrifugal force h and after the heat absorption at g again to the stator of the conveying device 28, which by electromagnetic elements 18 can be braked or driven. The insulating washer 2o separates the zone k from zone c.

In this embodiment, the arrangement of an external circuit of a light gas is also indicated, which flushes both the drive motor 13, the zone f and then a space to be heated between / t and c, in order to be fed back to f after the heat has been given off. The same circuit can analogously also be used for the absorption of heat, the surface 36 being cooled by a light gas and the heat being absorbed in other flushed rooms.

This form of the machine can also be used in an even simpler version can be reduced to the open circuit, the parts 26 of the rotor being omitted and the working medium, instead of in a zone of lower centrifugal force, to absorb heat to enter, circulates in further systems or the environment in order to be in the center of the Rotor to be sucked in again. On a separate conveyor device can can be omitted if the expansion opening has a larger diameter as receives the suction opening and thereby exert a blower effect on the latter can.

With i i are the inner 'blades for the transmission of the angular velocity of the rotor to the working medium or from the working medium to the rotor and with 12 the outer 'blades to intensify the circulation of external media indicated.

Figure 3 shows the execution of the special purpose method the cooling of a cold room and simultaneous heating of a warm room and is Particularly suitable, the mechanical simplicity, the clear, compact arrangement and to show the other advantages of the procedure.

The drawing shows a vertical section through the system, where the cold room with 31, the unit with 32, the warm room with 33 and the drive motor is denoted by 13. The unit consists of a high-speed motor, a flexible shaft 34 on which the rotor 21 is suspended, which is in a zone 26 smaller and one zone 27 of larger diameter can be subdivided. The zone smaller Diameter is provided with ribs 36, which with the atmosphere of the cooling chamber 31 to be in contact. The renewal of the boundary layer on these ribs is on the one hand by throwing off particles that have become heavier due to the release of heat Cold room atmosphere, on the other hand through the. Bullying 9 promoted while on the Inside a liquid film 4o, which prevents the bead 41 from flowing off is improved, the heat transfer conditions.

At the bottom of the cold zone is a window 42 made of organic material attached to the rotor, the transmission of magnetic forces from the magnet 44 on the stator 43 stored at 45 is permitted. This' stator causes the circulation of the working medium, as described in Fig. 2.

Part27 of the rotor with a larger diameter runs in the warm room.

To prevent the cold atmosphere from being conveyed into the warm atmosphere, as these occur in the absence of a contact seal between zones 26 and 27 would, the by the blades 12 from the outside through the pipe 14 and the Inlet opening in the cover disk 15 sucked in air after touching the zone 27 brought by a throttle device 46 to a pressure which corresponds to the delivery pressure the increase in diameter. This measure allowed on the arrangement to dispense with a movement seal and the free adjustment of the rotor in the To ensure space.

The rotor is made of a high-strength aluminum alloy, filled with argon and runs at a speed of 20,000 revolutions per minute.

The invention is not limited to that illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 Application examples limited. Rather, it is easily possible for a person skilled in the art using the method described, a device in a different form apply.

The inventive method can be used both for room heating and for Space cooling, especially for combined use, also in air conditioning systems. It can be used in a variety of processes that include procedures for procurement and dispensing of thermal energy are necessary, find application.

In particular, it was used to carry out chemical processes or physical processes within the working medium are already indicated.

However, the possible applications are not in the field of power consumption limited, the apparatus can also be used for extraction by reversing the temperature fields to be applied by work from warmth.

'As far as special, mentioned procedures for increasing the specific Performance of the system, the regulation of the system, the safe operation of the system, the: simple manufacture of the plant or the use of the plant and the process can serve to treat a working medium, was on its separate, pictorial Representation on the basis of an example is omitted as far as appropriate to the person skilled in the art Implementation forms obvious: should be.

The procedure. and the facility for carrying out the procedure, insofar as they are the subject of the present invention are defined by the following claims circumscribed.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: i- Process for the acquisition and delivery of thermal energy through acquisition and delivery, but at least delivery of the thermal energy, with the help of a compressible working medium, which experiences different compressions in zones of different centrifugal force effects, characterized in that the rotation used to generate the centrifugal force fields dem Working medium and the heat-transferring elements, but at least the working medium, is left in the process of releasing and receiving, but at least releasing the thermal energy. 2. Device for exercising the Method according to Claim i, characterized in that at least one device for generating a rotation of the working medium and at least one device are arranged for heat transfer in such a way that the form of movement of the working medium is essentially maintained at least between compression and heat exchange. 3. The method according to claim i, characterized in that the circuit used is placed under a higher pressure, which is superimposed on the density fluctuations of the medium. 4. The method according to claim i, characterized in that a space used to carry out the method is alternately subject to a change in the heat content of its inner surface by other processes and then the method described. 5. The method according to claim i, characterized in that for processing larger amounts of energy or energy gradients a plurality of devices working under favorable conditions in parallel or series is used. 6. The method according to claim i, characterized in that a further medium is used in exchange between the heated and cooled surfaces in the process and other rooms to be heated or cooled, which is suitable for heat absorption and release and runs its own circuits. 7. The method according to claim i, characterized in that the working medium undergoes physical or chemical changes as a result of its participation in the process. B. The method according to claim i, characterized in that a thermal potential is converted by application of the method into mechanical energy within the scope of the possible efficiency. G. Process according to Claim i, characterized in that the working medium used is at least partially condensed and returned in liquid form to the heat absorption zone. ok Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the rotation of the working medium is caused by the tangential supply of the same in a space, the tangential supply comprising at least part of the supplied medium. i i. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the rotation of the working medium is caused by a rotor which at least partially communicates its angular speed to the medium. 12. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the entire circuit, but at least parts thereof, is moved into the interior of hollow rotors, the angular velocity of which is at least partially due to the working medium. is transmitted. 13. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that by a suitable design of the drive of the pumping device, which causes little or no pressure loss, the confinement of the working medium under pressure after filling is maintained for a long time. 14. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the. Rotors in which circuits or parts thereof are carried out: a; very simple, “disks and rings” shape obtained, which favors the use of very high speeds. 1 5. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that to improve the heat transfer. .At the heat-transferring surfaces, the formation of liquid films on these surfaces is brought about by suitable admixtures with the working medium. 16. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that when using rotors with heat-exchanging moving surfaces in exchange between these surfaces and other rooms to be heated or cooled, a light gas is used as the medium, which reduces the frictional resistance of moving parts. 17. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that zones in which the working medium has different heat contents are separated from one another by insulating gas ducts. 18. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that when a rotor is used, the suspension of the same on a flexible device, especially an elastic shaft, takes place in such a way that its rotation can take place around its own center of gravity. ig. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that when a rotor is used, conveying devices are attached to the outer surfaces of the same, which bring about an intensification of the circulation of the surrounding media. 2o. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that, in order to prevent the conveyance through the zone of increasing diameter from one to the other heat-exchanging zone of the rotor, the external medium in the vicinity of the larger diameter is given a pressure which approximately corresponds to this conveying pressure and this conveyance thus at least largely repealed. 21. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the 'dynamic pressure in the guide of the outer medium surrounding the larger diameter zone, which is desired to prevent exchange flows, is produced by the outer conveying device mounted on the rotor and a throttle point. 22. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that when liquid films are used to improve the heat transfer in the heat exchange zones, further heat transfer devices which touch the gaseous part of the medium on the one hand and the liquid film on the other hand are arranged. 23. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor bodies required when using rotors with internal circuits are built up from at least two rotating bodies which are connected in the zone of greatest diameter by a connection process, preferably welding. 2.1. Device according to claim a, characterized in that when liquid films are used they can be removed by a conveying device, preferably a pitot tube, from zones of different centrifugal force in order to be used at other points or outside the process. 25. The device according to claim a, characterized in that, in the arrangement of rotors, the conveying device is at least partially formed by the rotor, in that the expansion from the rotor is preferably carried out on a larger radius than the suction. 26. The device according to claim a, characterized in that the regulation of the system by changing the primary pressure under which the working medium is, by changing the speed of the centrifugal flow, by throttling the device outside on the heat exchange surfaces touching media, but at least by one this: action is effected. 27. The device according to claim z, characterized in that when using rotors with rotating heat exchange surfaces on the outer surfaces of the same, the adhesion of solid and liquid phases of the surrounding media is hindered by the centrifugal force and this hindrance can be increased by the arrangement of scrapers . 28. The device according to claim -z, characterized in that, when using rotors with rotating heat exchange surfaces, the same are arranged so that particles of the surrounding media that have become heavier due to cooling are thrown off in the heat absorption zones due to the centrifugal forces that are still effective in the boundary layers and In the heat emission zones, the heavier, not yet heated particles displace the lighter, heated particles from the boundary layer due to the centrifugal forces.