DE2035510A1 - Device and method for compression and movement of working fluids - Google Patents

Description

DR. HUGO WILCKEN DIPL.-ING. THON

D - 24 LÜBECK. WIDE STREET 52-

Applicant: 2035510

Frederick W. KANTOR, New York (U.S.A.), 523 West 112 Street

Device and method for compressing and moving working fluids

The invention relates to a thermodynamic process and a thermodynamic device using the centering \ trifugalkraft for compression and movement of working fluids.

In the older patent application Az .: P 16 Ol 062.1 of 9.1.1968 a new device and a new method for cooling and heating by means of centrifugal force is disclosed in which gas and / or liquids in a sealed, closed loop line in a rotating housing in circulation be moved. One object of the invention is to apply a very advantageous adaptation of the basic principles of this earlier patent application to absorbent cooling and heating systems. Another object is to provide such an apparatus and method which give good heat transfer and high performance with an apparatus which is compact, simple and has a minimum of moving parts. Another object is to provide such an apparatus that can work in positions, for example in a room in which 1098 0 9 / 1372-2-

■ φ

there is no way to use the natural gravitational field use to achieve the required separation of gases and liquids to evoke. Finally, another task is to use a thermodynamic cycle. know whose Operation is particularly advantageous in low-speed rotating systems.

The following description discusses the invention with reference to FIG attached drawing and shows some: "possibilities, with those the invention can be used. In addition, some advantages that can be achieved for the invention are discussed. It demonstrate:

1 shows a cross section with a partially schematic view View of an embodiment according to the invention,

lig. 2 shows a partially schematic reduced cross-section along the line 2-2 of? Ifv. 1,

FIG. 3 is a partially broken away view on a reduced scale along the line 3-3 of FIG

The device of Fig. 1 consists of a rotor with the

general reference numeral 10 is provided with a number 12

with suitable bearings, not shown, which are set in rotation by a motor l4 about an axis of rotation Io.

The rotor 10 includes an annular liquid chamber 18 which a quantity of liquid 19 in which a coolant is absorbed. The liquid 19 flows out of the chamber 18 in

- 3 109809/1372 -K

: - .. ■■ ': -.-3 ■ - ■■■■■■. ■ .. ■■. ■ "■■■■; ■

one ^; iu; "_ he-e annular Trenηkammer 20 with a _dome-3 ■ iji.M older Wandun ^c ~ ^j:> lurch a channel 26 in the vicinity of-externals" 3tenTeiles der.Kammer 20vorgesehen 1st. A condensation chamber 22 is provided in the vicinity of the axis 16 of the rotor 10. A thin line 30 connects the separating chamber 20 and the canine container .22, the inlet opening 31 of the line .Vv being on the innermost wall of the. Chamber 20 is located. The inside 'LnUe 5b of the lei do. · 30 opens into a chamber 82, which is provided within the chamber: .V. An opening; 90 in chamber 82 allows gas to escape into channel 22. Water left chamber b "? through a further conduit 80 at a point α of the chamber f.; Which is furthest away from the axis l6. ? \. o '-'Lel.tun. *:.' ^ v. runs through the Hotorwandung at the point 81 UMvI is as crirale on the outside of the rotor 10 (Fig. 3), inroorinet. >; s pipe 80 then re-enters the housing at 83, uπ V / a8ser out? Passing chamber 82 back to chamber 1, where it again absorbs ammniac gas.

The right part of the chamber 22 is profiled with a truncated cone and has a number of metal wings 53 which extend radially outward from the surface. The ammonia gas that touches the walls of the truncated cone-shaped part is cooled and condensed and flows to the left into the chamber. The right part of the truncated cone is broken away and is not shown in four drawings. The wings 53 serve two purposes. The belts 53 increase the cooling of the ammonia gas in the karyr.er 12 and also blow air over the pipe 80 to cool it,

1 09 ?: 9
BATH ORIGINAL

203551Q

An evaporation chamber 2 ^ 4 is to the left of chambers 1.8 and a longer tube 32 runs to a point near the left wall of chamber 2 ¹ I. A support 36 is connected to the left end of tube 32 to keep the tube in place keep. A row of ribs kO lies on the inside of the outer wall 37 of the evaporation chamber 2Ί in order to collect the evaporated liquid ammonia and to hold it along the wall 37 for effective cooling.

The tube 32 has an outwardly bent portion 87, the serves as a trap or separator to prevent gas from passing through the tube 32 flows back into the chamber 22. The tube 80 has a similar bend 85 to prevent gas from entering it. flows. The chamber 22 has a very small bore 91 on the Wave 12 to allow a light buffer gas, e.g. * hydrogen, can escape from the chamber 22 during startup.

The liquid and the gas are hermetically sealed in the rotor 10. A specific example is the absorbing liquid ^ water and the refrigerant ammonia mixed with hydrogen. Of the

Hydrogen is not absorbed in the water in any significant amount and works as a buffer gas. It is understandable, however, that other known combinations of liquids in absorption »- * Heating and cooling systems in accordance with the principles of the present invention can be used.

Operation is an absorption cycle. Ammonia vapor of low partial pressure in a buffer gas (hydrogen) is replaced by cold.

1098097137a

■:: .. ■ ..-. ■. ■ - 5 - ■■ -.

Water in the chamber 18 is absorbed. This solution flows radially outwards and is heated in the chamber 20, with the development of gaseous ammonia. Ammonia and hot water move radially inward, the ammonia condensing at high partial pressure in outer chamber 20 and flowing through line 32 for evaporation in chamber 24. The water flows back into the chamber 18 through the cooling line 80 and this cycle repeats itself. Appropriate heat exchange devices are provided . ^: Λ ■ ■■

In detail, the operation of the device is according to Pig. I. the following: The rotor 10 is at a constant speed of rotation accelerated by means of a motor 14. The liquid in the chamber 20 is heated by ribs 49 on the outer wall 51 of the chamber 20 is attached. The gaseous ammoniakin of Chamber 22 is cooled and condensed, and the liquid in the Pipe 80 is cooled by the air from fan blades 53 as well as by several support ribs 52. The surrounding air is by contact with the ribs 54 on the outer wall of the

Cooling evaporation chamber 24. ^r · ί

The liquid flowing out through the pipe 26 is heavily loaded with ammonia. The heating or warming of the Liquid in the separation chamber 20 causes the ammonia to be separated from the liquid. As soon as the ammonia is out of the If liquid escapes, it moves inward to the innermost dome-shaped wall 88 in chamber 20 and thence to the inlet

1Ö980 9/137 2

the line 30. After entering the line 30, the gaseous ammonia closes the water in the line 30 and presses it to the chamber 22. The ammonia gas cools down and condenses as soon as it hits the wall 50 in the chamber 22. That _:. liquid ammonia is indicated by reference number 55 in FIG. 1. '

The inner diameter of the conduit 30 is small enough to ensure that gas bubbles usually fill the full cross-sectional area of the tube and thus fill units or sections

of the liquid through the line. The aforementioned process will be repeated many times, with the result that Liquid transported radially inward through line 30 will.

As soon as water emerges from the outlet 33 of the line 30, arrives it enters chamber 82, but is prevented from entering chamber 22 by centrifugal force. Instead collects fe the water on the radially outermost inner wall of the .Kammer

82 where it enters line 80. The gas leaves the chamber 82 through an outlet 90 which lies and is so profiled, that an escape of splash water into the chamber 22 is prevented. The water flow through the spiral conduit 80 is through which generates centrifugal force. The exposure of this conduit to the moving surrounding air cools the water before it enters the chamber 18 and this enables absorption of more ammonia,

, - 7 109809/13 72

i 203551Q

Jas liquid ammonia emerges from the tube 32 and, if it does not evaporate immediately, it collects in an annular shape Pockets 38 between the ribs 40. The guide surfaces 54 guide Worms to the liquid 38 that form the outer wall 37 of the chamber 24 touches, and thus we evaporate the liquid. The gaseous ammonia then moves in the convectively circulating buffer gas to the right to the surface of the water 19 in the chamber l6, as indicated by the dashed arrows 59, where it is is reabsorbed.

It is known that the temperature of the water should be kept at a low level in order to keep the amount of absorption high. The temperature of the liquid 19 is determined by the flow of the cold ammonia vapor and the cold buffer gas are kept low. ■ ■:;

A heat insulation 60 is between the chambers lÖ and 20, between, the liquid in the chamber 20 and the wall of the conduit 26 and around the part of the conduit 30 provided through Chamber 18 runs. This isolation protects against unwanted thermal transition between the insulated lines to each other. Similarly, isolation to others is in the drawing reproduced places provided to a to prevent unwanted heat transfer. The feeding of Heat to the separation chamber 20 is preferably supplemented in that hot gases in the direction of arrows 48 between a pair of annular, fixed baffles 62 and 64 are pressed.

^: - - ^: ■ - 8 ■■■ -. ■ 'Λ ^: ■■' ■. '.

10980 9/137 2

The guide surface 62 is preferably made of a heat-insulating material in order to minimize the heat transfer to the guide surfaces 54 as possible to keep. Each radial rib or guide surface 49 has a plurality of holes 59 spaced around the circumference. The heated air flows inward between the guides 62 and 64 and flows from one surface to the next through the holes and then flows outwards after having their heat with the Has exchanged surfaces. Another ring-shaped baffle '66 on the right edge of the chamber 20 directs warm air to the outside on the surfaces 49 and prevents it from mixing with the air, which is removed from surfaces 52 and 53.

As best seen in FIG. 3, the surfaces 52 are Profiled in a spiral to quickly pump air through them and to increase the heat transfer. Of course, the surfaces 52 and 53 can also have any other desired profile. As is further known, the heat transfer can also be further enhanced by using liquid instead of gases as cooling media. For the sake of clarity, they are fc areas 53 are not shown in FIG. 3.

Each guide surface 5 ** has a plurality of punched-out cutouts 68 which form fan blades. These fan blades suck in the surrounding air to be cooled, cool the air and blow the air to the left, where it can be used for cooling in the desired manner. It will be understood that the apparatus can advantageously be used for both heating and cooling , simply by using the heat given off by fins 52 and 53 for heating purposes.

109809/137 2

2035 & 1Q

- 9 - - .ν ■■■■■■

All leads are in Pig. 1 shown schematically in order to facilitate the explanation of the mode of operation of the invention. The actual preferred construction is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows a radial partition plate 84 which extends from the inner wall of the outer wall of the chamber 20. The plate 84 lies between the outlet of the conduit 26 and the inlet of the conduit 30 so that the ammonia-laden water passes the maximum circumferential length before it exits the chamber. This increases the heat transfer to the liquid. Similarly, a divider plate 86 extends radially inward from the outer wall of chamber 18, somewhat further to the axis than the rotating water level, and separates the outlet of conduit 80 from the inlet of conduit 26 so that the water has the maximum circumferential length in the Chamber -18 ^Λ flows through. This advantageously increases the contact time between the liquid and the gas from the chamber 24 and increases the absorption of the gas in the liquid to a maximum.

To increase the flow of ammonia gas to the inlet of tube 30 lead, is the inner wall 4? the chamber 20 a very light one Spiralprof 11 granted. This means that the wall 47 one gradually decreasing radial distance from the axis 16, the wall 47 at the inlet of the tube 30 of the axis 16 at next lies. To clarify the representation in Fig. 2 are both plate 86 and outlet conduit 80 are shown rotated approximately 45 ° clockwise from their actual positions. It is naturally understandable that weights can be added to balance the build up, though

■. ■; ■■. ■■■.; ■ ' \ :' ^: - 10 -:;

109809/1372

any inequality due to the asymmetrical load Flow channels of the working fluids occurs.

One of the greatest advantages of the invention is that the gaseous ammonia is concentrated in the canister 22 (on a high partial pressure) without using one mechanical compressor and that the liquid through the System is delivered without a mechanical pump. The promotion and circulation of the various fluids are caused by the differential action of centrifugal force on the fluid "in the chamber 18 and the line 25 and the gas and the

Liquid in line 30 is generated. The volume of gas in the Line 30 is usually much larger than that of the liquid on the line. Thus, the density of the liquid in the line 26 is considerably greater than that of the gas and the Liquid in line 30 ', and there is a significant resultant pressure which the liquid and gas pass through the line 30 drives.

fe An advantage of this invention is that an inevitable and reliable pumping of liquids and gases is generated at any time. Keep using one Buffer gas makes it possible to be much more precise with the pressure difference to work that is necessary to overcome the gas friction, because the thermodynamic work is through creation and maintenance the various partial gas pressures is carried out. This allows the rotor to be driven at a significantly lower speed than was previously the case in practice. 'Likewise

- 11 -;

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

the heat transfer surfaces are in contact with the liquids so that a considerable increase in the amount of heat flow is achieved and that a high heat pump performance is made possible in a "relatively small device. Thus the unit can be made so" small that it can be used as part of a Astronaut space suit can be used or that they can be seen as part of an ι ivlo 'ί pack (preservation) with complete cooling. can be verv / ends.

l · .in -further v, -ichti ₍ ~ he advantage is that the device after I: rfinduni3 produces its one replacement of a gravitational folder and also does not require an external pump unit. Thus it can be used where no "". It is possible to use a gravitational field, for example in a room or in a vehicle in which the adjustment of the system with respect to the gravitational field is not constant.

It is of course possible to make various changes in the Explanations within the solution concept of the

findun ™, e.g. various known heat g

Exchange systems are used to allow use as a allow regenerative cooling. Further changes may arise also refer to the heat exchange surface or blades in the fan and the type of heat source (electrical, nuclear, chemical etc.), either in the rotation system itself or indirectly.

BATH ORIGINAL 10 9 80 9/137 2

Claims (1)

Claims Thermodynamic device, characterized by a combination of a rotor, a drive of the rotor about an axis, of a first, second and third chamber of the rotor corresponding to a first, second and third distance from the axis, the second distance being greater than the first and a third distance, from a first line connecting the first and second chambers for the overflow of liquids between them , from a second line connecting the second and third chambers for the overflow of a gas and a liquid between them, from a fourth chamber inside the third chamber for collecting said liquid, a third line for returning the liquid to the first chamber, a fourth line connecting the third and fourth chambers for the overflow of liquids and means for supplying heat to the first and second chambers and to remove the heat from the third chamber. 2. Absorptive heating and stirring device, characterized by the Combination of a rotor, a rotor drive, a IMwd (MSI I 7 SI H, Prnro «Dr. refuels CcMimcrzbonk AG, Ψ9. Ub # d, account no. » 1117 lng. Th. Wlldten, Ufeed. (04St) 251 »
rouiAtdt: Hamburg 1381 19 first line, which runs between a first and a second radial layer with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor, in order to transfer a first liquid between these layers, which is absorbed in a second liquid, from means for separating the first liquid in gaseous form from the second Liquid, from a second line, which runs to the axis of rotation and a third radial position, in order to conduct the gas and the second liquid under pressure in the direction of the axis, from means for liquefying this gas in a third position, from a third line to be transferred of the liquefied gas in a fourth radial position of agents-to - - \ supplying heat to the liquefied gas in the fourth layer and for evaporation of the liquid gas from a fourth conduit for transferring said second liquid from the third position back to the first Position, and from a fifth line between the fourth and first radial position to transfer the vapor th gas in the fourth radial position. 3; Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by means for producing gas bubbles in the second line and the g inclusion of parts of the second Plüssigkeit in the second line and for taking along the parts of this second Plüssigkeit to the third chamber. A-. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3 _4, characterized by an annular chamber in the first and second position, the ends of the said line extending into these chambers in positions which are circumferentially separated from one another, 10S809 / 13? A to thereby the circumferential flow of the liquids in each of the Enlarging chambers before flowing into the next chamber. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the first liquid is a gaseous coolant and contains a buffer gas, which with the coolant gas is mixed. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5 »characterized in that the The coolant gas is ammonia and that hydrogen is provided as the buffer gas, 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized through a truncated cone condensation chamber in the third radial position and a number of heat-exchanging blades that connected to this chamber. 8. Apparatus according to claim 4 _t and one or more of the other claims, characterized in that one of the chambers J ^ of the first and second layer surrounds the other, in which the ends of the two lines entering the outer chamber are separated by a first separating member which runs from the outer wall to the inner wall of the outer chamber and that the ends of the two lines entering the inner chamber are separated from each other by a second separating member which extends from the outer wall of the inner chamber in a position inwardly away from the normal inner rotation level in the inner chamber "...... _: _ 4 109809/137 2 y. Apparatus according to claim 1 and one or more of the others Claims, characterized in that a liquid is calibrated in the first and second chambers, a first gas in these chambers, wherein the first gas is easily absorbed by the liquid and a second gas is in the first chamber, which is not so easily absorbed by the liquid. 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the first gas is ammonia, the second gas is hydrogen and that the liquid is water. { 11. Absorptive heating and cooling device, characterized by a combination of a rotor, an annular water chamber in the rotor, an annular one surrounding the water chamber Separation chamber, from a first line, which leads from the water chamber into the flow part of the separation chamber, from an annular condensation chamber, which leads radially inwards to the water chamber lies, from a second line that comes from the innermost part the separation chamber leads to the condensation chamber, from a first Separating part, which is radially inserted into the separating corners from their innermost - Wall runs to its outermost wall, which separator is a direct circumferential flow is blocked between the ends of the first and second conduits, including an evaporation chamber which extends axially from the water chamber and communicates with a third conduit, which is axially from the outermost part the condensation chamber extends to the vicinity of the axially largest spacer of the evaporation chamber, from axial Im Spaced ribs in the inner surface of the outer . -5 -,:. '■■; ^: ■ ^: ■ '■■ 109809/1372
BATH ORIGINAL Wall of the evaporation chamber to hold the liquid against axially directed flow * from a small _s water-collecting chamber within the condensation chamber from a fourth line, the water-collecting chamber extending from the to the water chamber, a second partition member _s which radially from the outermost wall of the Viasserkammer extends to a position which is inwardly from the normal innermost rotating water level in the water chamber, this second separating member blocking a direct circumferential flow of the liquid between the ends of the first and second conduits, the condensation chamber having a wall with heat-distributing surfaces _s being radial Ribs or blades with a number of perforations arranged at a distance on the circumference run out from the outermost wall of the separating chamber and wherein fan blades run out from the outermost wall of the evaporation chamber. 12. Thermodynamic method characterized by the following successive steps, namely by denjdrehenden circulation of a gas and a gas absorbing liquid in a rotating housing, by guiding the flow of fluid from a first station to a second station _S which is at a radial distance from the rotational axis of the circumferential housing is located, which is greater than the corresponding radial distance of the first station, by expelling a quantity of gas from the liquid at the outer station and by guiding the gas from the second station to the third station with a radial distance of the smaller Is as that radial distance of the second station, by using the gas flow between the second and third stations to transport the liquid from the second station, by returning the liquid to the first station, by liquefying the gas at the third station and. Guiding the flow of the liquefied gas at a fourth station for re-forming said gas at the third station and by causing that this gas is absorbed in the first-mentioned liquid by evaporating the last mentioned ^liquid:; : -: ' 13 * Cooling and heating processes based on the absorption principle according to claim 12, characterized in that a coolant in a absorbent liquid is absorbed that centrifugal Compression forces are applied to the resulting liquid that the latter to drive off the coolant is heated in gas form that gas bubbles are used, the form during the heating in order to transport the absorbent liquid against the direction of the centrifugal force that the mentioned gaseous coolant for liquefaction is cooled, that the liquefied coolant for evaporation heat is supplied and that the resulting gas in the mentioned absorbent liquid is absorbed. 109809/137 1 e e r s e i t e