DE1924786A1 - Device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level - Google Patents

Description

"Device sum transporting γοη warnings from. A lower su a higher" oil level ".

The invention relates to a device for

.Transport of heats from a lower to a higher temperature level, with the temperature levels below the temperature of the

λ. point of Έβ. A known device of the type to which the present invention relates has been described in "Cryogenios", April 1966 »pages 30-88. This device is filled with a He ^ Hd-QemiBch and contains a ^{kiachkaminer standing at a very low temperature, for example 0.1 0} K, which is connected via a connecting duct to an evaporation container, which is for example a temperature of 0.8 Purchase is. The steam room this Behäl · ters is about eiheh or more QQsenstromw.ärmeaustausoher working with the ι Saugseito a bot- Zimmortemperatur Diffuaiongpurope that

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Sucks off steam, connected. As a result of the greater volatility, diesel steam will essentially consist of He. From the pressure side of the pump, this steam is then fed to a further heat exchanger via the heat exchangers mentioned, where it cools in countercurrent to the steam flowing into the pump, and one or more cavities, where it continues to cool below its condensation temperature , which is in thermal contact with your connecting channel and which is connected with its output side to the mixing chamber. Since the device is initially filled with a mixture of β and Hq and practically all He vapor is pumped around, there will be a practically stagnant amount of He in the mixing chamber and in the connecting duct ^ which, depending on the temperature, is partly made up of superfluid and partly of nor · * _; malem TIe. Below 0.8 ⁰ K, a phase separation takes place in the liquid% e - "He mixtures, namely a separation into a ^ He- ;; rich phase, which behaves as a liquid, and a ^ He-poor phase, which turns out to be This phase separation takes place in the mixing chamber. When the supplied He-rich phase (liquid) passes into the He-poor phase (Oas), evaporation takes place and the necessary transition heat (evaporation heat) produces a cooling effect. Then the " ³ He will expand into the amount of superfluid;% e in the connecting channel, whereby a much larger amount of cold is detected, which, however, is practically suitable for cooling the He-flow", .. Mixing chamber is required. : ^j ; _;

A disadvantage of this known device is the The fact that the ^ He vapor from the evaporation tank "goes to Ziemer" warmed up temperature and then back to temperature Helium is cooled. Of course, this goes with losses

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V winner, while the device is structurally very complex. Another important disadvantage is that the diffusion pump on the room

'; i ^ | ip * rat \ ye works, to does at the herrechenden very low pressure

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j hair dryer, for example, 10 * mm fig only small - know you are pumped around , sp that «uoh the iclteereuunr; will only be minor.

In another pre-chaged task to transton tf & roe from a lower to a higher temperature where the two levels are below the λ -temperature of He, pure% e is pumped around in a circulation channel, with the circulation corner containing a Bupralck. .; _v Under a supraleok ts in connection with the v-> rlie-

vrerden jßtiden application meant a Materialinasse which the Eijeni iiübaft on "; can not hindurohflieesen by this fund hin.lurch-Vv fiieteen mark _r wKhrend supraflüsaiges He eist, DAS3 normal ^ Ie without

dfiöj! Movable vortices occur during the flow. ■ ¹ ^ '· ■■; · ■ -> The straight part of the 3 ^T flow channelB is so ex-

. % lld * t »dftSa the ileum in it exceeds its tritic speed and eddies occur, kit the lumpe triru now on the helium in

exerted a driving force which, when starting, in the place where the temperature is still the same everywhere, causes a pressure drop over that part of the circulation channel in which there is jkt / Ul · S | »pr» leak. At Supralock: there will be no pressure difference ι liotftnge the temperature is the same on both sides. Due to the pressure di fes ε at other part of the inner-auricular canal, the helium, both the euprafluid as well as the natural helium, can flow in it. "This means that with the. normal Heliux n'äraie with

i "Vend Bwar from" one side of the Svrrralck at the TuEoe unl lea-

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existing cooler there. This has the consequence that3 at the supraleck a » .Temperature difference arises, which corresponds to a pressure difference tni ^ brings itself. In this way it is increasing Temperature difference at the supraleck the pressure differences at the supraleck increase and at the same time the pressure difference in the further part of the circulation channel decrease until a state of equilibrium is reached, with on on one side of the supraleck there is a very low temperature and from there Kärme to the cooler he is led. The device can then cooling an object at said low temperature.

The invention is now aimed at a combination of the known

λ 4

ten with a mixture of He and He working device and you proposed to create with pure He working device »where On the one hand, cold generation was achieved through cyclic separation of He uni He with subsequent expansion of He into superfluid% e and on the other hand by applying a pressure difference to a supraleck and i'Zä'ltetranaport by exceeding its critical speed

A decreasing flow of superfluid He is obtained.

The device according to the invention has the characteristic suf that: the operation contains a liquid pump, the discharge line of which connects via one or more coolers to both a first and also to a z-wide supply duct, with the other side of the first supply-anal to the top of a IIischkar.r.er, and the second feed channel contains a supraleck and opens with its other side in the lower part of the mixing chamber, with a discharge channel adjoining the Ilisch chamber, which with the first feed channel in heat exchangers - '

Contact is made and its other side is on the suction side of the ■

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then, while the bling chamber, the first and second supply channel and the discharge 3-channel thermal, against each other, are isolated and the device in operation with a mixture of He and He is filled, whereby during operation in the 'the} mentioned I5ühler (s) a temperature prevails below the λ point of the He-He mixture at the entry side of the first and second feed channels let that there segregation of ^ He and He occurs and the concentration of He in the first supply canal is higher than in the discharge ^ s channel and in the pump, and where the discharge channel is so sized is that the medium therein exceeds its critical speed and. moving eddies occur.

In the device according to the invention, the medium remains constantly in the liquid phase, so that no losses as a result of the Waiting for room temperature and then cooling down the temperature of liquid helium, as in the known device is the case, will occur. ¥ pus becomes with the invention3-f ^ emä'saan Device liquid pumped around so that easily a large-3Θ ! »! Close can be transported. Y

In the device, a erfinduflgegemessen Srfcmischung of He and e ^ is obtained by the hut through the pump Uiuok placed in a cooled mixture. Point is fed where the discharge line of the pump to the first 2 feed 3 channel and the second feed 3 channel, in which the Supraleek is located, continues. The cooled point is kept at a temperature below the λ. The point of the mixture lies at this point. The superfluid% e can flow almost unhindered through the Supraleek hindu,

· 3

In view of the fact that the supraleok for He has a very large flow resistance

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having. This will cause the He to flow through the first feed channel. This first feed channel has a large impedance for the superfluid. The heat released during segregation is: discharged into the cooler. The He in the first supply channel is further cooled by heat exchange with iledium in the discharge channel. In the mixing chamber, the He and the He are put back together, creating a very tight cold at a very low temperature. This cold can be used to cool any object, in which case heat is then added to the ileum. The discharge of these "arms" takes place with the help of the He flowing through the discharge channel and the normal He. The He is discharged into the discharge channel at a lower concentration than it is supplied. This is possible because the discharge channel is dimensioned in this way is that it occur in the fluidized Suprafluidum, waa a pressure differential across the exhaust duct caused. Thereby, both the He and da3 normal TIe and 3upraflÜ3sige He * through en exhaust duct & fHessen.

In this way a device is obtained whose ': Construction eats easily and in the with a relatively good efficiency a large amount of cold can be generated at a very low temperature.

Another favorable embodiment is the ΐ Plöesiglceitspumpe a centrifugal pump. 'i

Another favorable embodiment of the invention

geraässen device is characterized by the fact that the first · and. Λ second supply channel the mixing chamber and the discharge channel in one vacuum-insulated space, and the whole thing in a container ter with liquid helium with a temperature below the λ-funct ί

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from TIe is immersed.

At one? another inexpensive version of the cr-

findungsgetaäsxsen Vorricirttino ^ ³ * a κ more performance, so Irans porting from Kärn.e from a lower 2 to a higher temperature level available, whereby the two levels are also below the temperature scale λ point vcn 'Ho, which device with its coldest Part with the first supply channel in> rärir.eaus exchange i3t * This means that the kediun in the first farriery channel is elcuiilt, 30, so that a lower temperature can be reached in the church.

Exportsbeisrie-le of the Lrfirdunj sir. \ Ii. -ler. "eichntuv ^ en shown and described in more detail for filing.

In Fi ^. 1 is ir.it der 3ezu, reverse number 1 is a l-ischkarrver

indicated * At the Kischkanr.Gr 1 a first supply channel 2-uiul a further supply channel 3 must be connected, in -lcr. there is a Surraleck, the first Zuftüirun.skanal? ben in the l-i3cb.lKir.r-er and the second ^ leading channel in the lower part of the Mschkatncer. T'eiter joins the inner part of the ri30b.kanr.er eii. Abführuneskanal 5 ^at · ^ ^he first Suführunjskanal 2 and the Acführun ^ -skancl 5 are connected by means of Käroeaustauscher 7. S and? (The number of these "heat exchangers can of course be increased or decreased according to Ledari") with each other in v; ärnο vustauschender, "cntakt. Each of these curve ropes is formed by a casing of well-wa'nrel ei tender I-aterial, such as copper, while in that casing there are two separate chambers 11 and 12 filled with sintered copper balls, which * in the first supply channel 2 or the Abführun ^ channel 5 to like titaen aind * Die üiachkaißtner. 1, the first supply channel 2 and the outlet, in len ^ ticli the heat exchanger 7? C "and P are located»

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and that part of the second feed channel 3 in which the · '■ Supraleck 4 ″ is located in a vacuum-insulated chamber 14- ■ nomnies. The iQätnmer 14 is from a bath 15 of liquid helium with

ο *

a temperature of 1.3 K, for example. . r »

The discharge channel 5 lies with its the lüechkanimei? sent side on a liquid pump 16 · The discharge line 17 of this liquid pump 1S lies above a cooler 18 eowohl aa, ' P first supply channel 2 and on the second supply channel 3. An the suction side of the liquid pump 16 is also a line 20, through which the mixture of He and% e can be fed.

The mode of operation of this device is as follows: the pump 16 is supplied with a mixture of He and He under pressure to the discharge line 17. Since the 17-bit bad Abfuhrungeleitung your Heliüa "15 ßteht in Kärmeaustausch that Gemie'ch iron -is a temperature about 1.3 K. aufvreisen. Since the supraleck 4 has a great resistance for the He, only superfluous Ήβ flow around it, βτ supply channel 2 is designed in such a way that this comparison to the supraleck has a great resistance for the superfluiduci, so I channel 2 is mainly used He flow with only a few proÄent. In this way, before entry into the supply line 2 and 3, a heat mixture of He and He is obtained. In the process, heat is released which is carried off into the liquid helium bath 15. As a result. the verureachte by pump 15 at Supra leak Druckdifferenic v, a tender aturcii ff he enz ird set and sirer such ά * Μ "the temperature in the fcischkaEmer lower al" 1.3 ⁰ K and * · play as C, 6 ⁰ Y. may be.

Dae He, which goes through feed channel 2 to Kieeb *,

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chamber flows, it is cooled in the heat exchangers £, 8 and 7. In the 'mixing chamber 1, the He is mixed again with the ae. This creates a lot of cold (excessive heat + expansion of He in TIe). This cold can be used to cool an object. The heat supplied in the process is then transported to a higher (1.3 K) temperature level via the medium flowing through the discharge channel 5 to the 3s.u £ side of the pump. Cooling will occur on the one hand through the transition of the ^ He-rich phase into the He-poor phase and through the expansion of He into ae and on the other hand because eddies occur in the discharge channel in the superfluid, which creates a pressure difference over JEMEX Ksri & l causes "auster dt" fluidum also normal TIe and He through the discharge canal, which means that the heatestroia is obtained from the liischkaminer sum helium bath »Ici feed channel 2 can be used,

In this way, a device is obtained with a cooling capacity which works entirely in the liquid phase

and with nevertheless syklisohe segregation and mixing of He and takes place

Pig, 3 shows a provision for the transport · »vott two temperatures below that of helium

i.This device includes the same device as in Wi $ * 1, '. · Beer parts of this device are densely · »loading

BA digits as in SIg ,. t indicated, Me device contains further a second cooling device, the auoh! site, supplies at a temperature that is -below the \ -point of helium. This cooling device

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comprises a first supraleck 25, one side of which is connected to the liquid β-bath 15, and the other side of which is connected to a space 2C in the heat exchanger 9. The space 26 is connected to a second supraleck 29 via a line and a cooler 20. On its upper side, the supraleck 20 is delimited by a space 30 in which a heating device 3'1 is located. The hood 30 is further connected to the fio bath via a line 32. This device can also be opened in the vacuum chamber 14. The mode of action is as follows. By supplying a flow to the heating device 3t1, a higher temperature will prevail in the room 30 than in the cooler 28 * Flow into the ilelium bath via line 32. As a result, there will be a lower pressure in the cooler 28, so that medium will flow from the space 26 through the line 27 into the JSohler 28. The line 27 is dimensioned in such a way that the medium therein exudes its critical oeecwhindi ^ eii u animals and eddies occur · This means that duroÄ ;; the line 27 Both supraflüaeige · al «auoh normal« »Heliusi flows. Kit normal helium is transported from room 26 to room 23, ao thata in room 26 a lower TeapUfttur Ulf

• Ine teaperiitu »4ifferen *. Di · in the space

then used to cool the He current in the feed chamber 2. That

tet that? in the Mrmeaustauscher 9 the He is now one

will have than is the case with the device according to Fig. 1 * Onduroh is now also the temperature in the Kisohkaimaer 1 lower " 36 ^ n, so that the device according to Fig, 2 its KAIte at #in «r

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Provides lower temperature than the direction according to Pi. 1. It should It is obvious that instead of the device 25-32, there may also be one other Xu'hlvorrichtune ^ Yerv.'endtiar is, He in the feed channel 2 to, loSlilen «

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Claims (1)

PHN. 3221. -At- :: s 7- η ϋ ο η ε. . Fixture for transporting warnings from a low en su a higher temperature level, with both temperature levels λ 4 At the bottom of the temperature of the Λ point of He are, characterized in that the device contains a liquid pump whose discharge line oich "CTo or Einsn oc.er rr. ear ruler aavnhl connects to a first as well as to a second supply channel, where ζί-ή. 1 he redden supply mri- ^ a ^T : anal with its other side connects to the upper side of an Iischiammer, and the second Feed channel a -u-.ralec'.t er. Fchält anl ir.it πε-in the other side in the lower part of the l-.iEcLkaniL'.er, whereby a discharge acaiial aiL-chlics-Jt, " .er i; .it der, first supply duct in heat-exchanging: -: -; it-ikt: -te;: t, ur .; siel, rr.it its other side on the suction side of the / lünai ^ roitsruniFe, whereby the bag chamber, the first and second Juführunj.kanals and the discharge channel are thermally lazed against each other! uni .ie Vsrriohtun, -: in; 3etrieb int filled with a mixture of ^"1 M uni ^Ho,; .r ™ at (s) referred to in the operation in the lüaheine ei ^ ^ ^ r erat prevails, the λ under the -Tunkt. ³ He- ⁴ He Jc-rirroher:.: - - ". He i-ir. Occurs ^ side of the first and second feed channel 8 4 3 lic-; t, s- ia = ;? ^; .: rt Hiitiniachuiif; of He and He occurs and the coronary contra: n v: n Me ii., first delivery channel is higher than in the delivery channel in the Pur.-e, un '. v .-; the discharge channel is so te- "r.osser. that. .is ..eliur. in it ne a critical speed exceeds uni be.re -en * 'ο' -. 'irbol occur. ^: -, performance according to claim 1, characterized in, / ass \ ie riÜL: i _-: e'it3; -ari. ~ e is a centrifugal pump. 90988 ^ / 121 1 6Ad _{0R) G (Nal} ' ViRu 322t. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that ", class while the mixed sin :, the ü-r-nze in a 3 container rr.it liquid. ^ e'ni "helium with an i ^; er..poratur _- under 'lern A. -runkt vov * " ⁷ Hs ar. tsr is dived. / J. Pre-rxohtung after an oiler several times above Ann ^ rU3iie, tlalurca characterized that a v.'eiter- device sun transportioi ^ en vcn heat from, a lower to a higher Tg ;;, - roratiirniveau is present, both! .Iveauo also below .ler Tomrer-. for μ it Λ-point of ie lie, uni which- performance n: it their :, coldest part with the first iuführun /; sk & rial in.! ärmeaustauach «-.! - ♦ ■■ v- ■« * ¥ * ■ 9098ft2 / i211 _ö BATH om