DE88999C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE88999C DE88999C DENDAT88999D DE88999DC DE88999C DE 88999 C DE88999 C DE 88999C DE NDAT88999 D DENDAT88999 D DE NDAT88999D DE 88999D C DE88999D C DE 88999DC DE 88999 C DE88999 C DE 88999C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- heat
- boron
- nitrides
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium(0) Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 boron nitrogen Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- TWXTWZIUMCFMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitride(3-) Chemical compound [N-3] TWXTWZIUMCFMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052904 quartz Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT. \%PATENT OFFICE. \%
Die unter den Namen der »Nitride« bekannten Verbindungen. des Stickstoffes mit anderen Elementen, wie Borstickstoff, Kieselstickstoff, Titanstickstoff, Magnesiumstickstoff u. a. m., haben, obschon sie unter anderem eine vortheilhafte, reiche und leicht aufschliefsbare Ammoniakquelle darstellen, bislang nur wissenschaftliche Beachtung gefunden. Der Industrie blieb ihre Darstellung, und damit ihre Benutzung dadurch verschlossen, dafs dieselbe kein Mittel besafs, den beregten Elementen den zur Reaction benöthigten enormen Hitzegrad zuzuführen bezw. die Reduction von Verbindungen der mit dem Stickstoff zu verbindenden Elemente und die Stickstoffbindung durch letztere in einer Operation durchzuführen, was allein sich als der rationelle Weg darstellt. Durch die Erfindung des elektrischen Ofens ist nunmehr der Industrie die Fähigkeit der Erzeugung enormer Hitze inmitten der zu beeinflussenden Substanzen geworden, und ist damit auch die Möglichkeit industrieller Ausnutzung eines vortheilhaften Mittels zur Nutzbarmachung elementar gebotenen Stickstoffes, namentlich auch des Stickstoffes der Luft, geboten, ein Mittel, dessen Werth dadurch erhöht wird, dafs es z. B. die Ammoniakdarstellung von der lästigen und gefährlichen Handhabung der Cyanverbindungen frei macht.The compounds known under the name of »nitrides«. of nitrogen with other elements such as boron nitrogen, silica nitrogen, titanium nitrogen, magnesium nitrogen i.a. m., although they have, among other things, an advantageous, rich and easily digestible one Represent a source of ammonia, so far only received scientific attention. The industry its representation, and thus its use, remained closed because it had no means possessed, respectively, to supply the stirred elements with the enormous degree of heat required for the reaction. the reduction of compounds of the elements to be combined with nitrogen and the Nitrogen fixation by the latter in one operation to carry out what alone is called the represents rational way. With the invention of the electric furnace, the industry is now the ability to generate enormous heat in the midst of the substances to be influenced become, and is therefore also the possibility of industrial exploitation of a beneficial means for utilizing elementary nitrogen, in particular also the nitrogen of the air, a means, the value of which is thereby increased, that it z. B. the depiction of ammonia from the annoying and dangerous handling of the Makes cyano compounds free.
Der Erfinder verfährt nun zur fabrikatorischen Gewinnung von Nitriden in der Art, dafs er Sauerstoffverbindungen solcher Elemente, welche, wie Bor, Silicium, Magnesium, Titan, Vanadium etc., bei hoher Temperatur Stickstoff zu binden vermögen, mit Kohle bezw. Koks gemengt, unter gleichzeitiger Hindurchbewegung von Stickstoff, Luft oder eines elementaren Stickstoff enthaltenden geeigneten Gasgemenges der Hitze des elektrischen Ofens aussetzt. Hierbei reducirt sich die Sauerstoffverbindung zu Bor, Silicium, Magnesium etc. und treten diese mit dem Stickstoff zum Nitrid zusammen. Letzteres wird dem Ofen an geeigneter Stelle unterhalb der Zone der Elektroden entnommen. In dieser Weise ausgeführt, wird die Nitridgewinnung zu einem gewerblich im fabrikatorischen Mafsstabe ausführbaren Verfahren, was durch Aufsenbeheizung der Reactionsgefäfse nicht erzielbar ist. Sogenannte feuerfeste Retorten erweisen sich, abgesehen vom chemischen Angriff durch die Beschickung, als zu ungenügende Wärmeleiter für die im Inneren benöthigte Temperatur. Eiserne Retorten dagegen werden infolge des überaus starken Abbrandes bereits in so kurzer Zeit gebrauchsuntauglich, dafs von einem Fabrikationsgewinn keine Rede sein kann. Dieser Abbrand ist ganz unvermeidlich; denn Anwendung einer aschefreien Gasfeuerung mit neutraler Flamme ist ausgeschlossen, weil bei der benöthigten hohen Temperatur die Kohlensäure ebenso öxydirend auf das Eisen wirkt wie freier Sauerstoff; die Anwendung einer reducirenden Flamme, die auf 1 Theil Kohlensäure reichlich 2 Theile Kohlenoxyd würde enthalten müssen, aber vermag wegen der zu ihrer Erzielung nöthigen unvollkommenen Verbrennung des Heizgases nicht die zur Reaction erforderliche Hitze zu liefern. Ein Belag .eiserner Retorten mit feuerfestem Material ist durch die schlechte Wärmeleitung des letzteren ausgeschlossen. Von Versuchen zur NitridgewinnungThe inventor now proceeds to the production of nitrides in such a way that he Oxygen compounds of such elements as boron, silicon, magnesium, titanium, vanadium etc., able to bind nitrogen at high temperature, BEZW with coal. Coke mixed, with simultaneous passage of nitrogen, air or an elemental Exposing a suitable mixture of gases containing nitrogen to the heat of the electric furnace. Here the oxygen compound is reduced to boron, silicon, magnesium, etc., and occurs these together with the nitrogen to form the nitride. The latter is placed in the oven at a suitable location taken from below the zone of the electrodes. In this way, nitride recovery is carried out to a process that can be carried out commercially on a manufacturing scale, which is achieved by external heating of the reaction vessels is not achievable. So-called refractory retorts turn out to be, apart from the chemical ones Attack by the loading, as insufficient heat conductors for the inside required Temperature. Iron retorts, on the other hand, are produced as a result of the extremely strong burnup already unsuitable for use in such a short time that of a production gain can be out of the question. This burn-up is quite inevitable; because applying a Ash-free gas firing with a neutral flame is not possible because the required at high temperature the carbonic acid acts as oxidizing on the iron as free oxygen; the application of a reducing flame, which is abundant to 1 part of carbonic acid It would have to contain two parts of carbon monoxide, but is capable of achieving it on account of that imperfect combustion of the heating gas does not require the necessary reaction Deliver heat. A covering of iron retorts with refractory material is due to the poor heat conduction of the latter excluded. From attempts to obtain nitride
im Grofsen ist bisher nur bekannt geworden die Darstellung von Borstickstoff mit Hülfe der Borate; dieselbe ist gescheitert an dem doppelten Angriff der eisernen Reactionsgefäfse (solche aus Chamotte sind von vorn herein ausgeschlossen), durch die Aufsenbeheizung und die Beschickung, und zwar wird von letzterer das Eisen schon durchgefressen, ehe noch die Reaction recht in Gang kommt. Dagegen erweisen sich bei der Innenheizung mittelst des elektrischen Stromes aus Quarzschiefer und selbst aus Chamottesteinen gebildete Ofenwände kaum oberflächlich angeschmolzen.so far only the representation of boron nitrogen with the help of the is known on a large scale Borates; it failed because of the double attack of the iron reaction vessels (such from chamotte are excluded from the start), due to the external heating and the Charging, and the iron will be eaten through by the latter before the reaction really gets going. Prove against it inside heating by means of an electric current from quartz slate and Even furnace walls made of chamotte stones hardly melted on the surface.
Der Stickstoffgehalt der gewonnenen Nitride läfst sich durch Behandlung derselben mit Wasserdampf leicht in Ammoniak überführen, und gewinnt man dabei als Rückstand eine Sauerstoffverbindung wieder, die mit Zuschlag der benöthigteh Kohle (Koks) unmittelbar zu einer neuen Operation benutzt wird.The nitrogen content of the nitrides obtained can be reduced by treating them Easily convert water vapor into ammonia, and one wins as a residue Oxygen connection again, which immediately increases with the addition of the required coal (coke) used for a new operation.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE88999C true DE88999C (en) |
Family
ID=360852
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DENDAT88999D Active DE88999C (en) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE88999C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0098261A1 (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1984-01-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method of producing a vanadium- and nitrogen-containing material for use as an addition to steel |
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0
- DE DENDAT88999D patent/DE88999C/de active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0098261A1 (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1984-01-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method of producing a vanadium- and nitrogen-containing material for use as an addition to steel |
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