DE874214C - Process for influencing Polymerisationsvorgaengen and the properties of the resulting polymers - Google Patents

Process for influencing Polymerisationsvorgaengen and the properties of the resulting polymers

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Publication number
DE874214C
DE874214C DEP3643D DEP0003643D DE874214C DE 874214 C DE874214 C DE 874214C DE P3643 D DEP3643 D DE P3643D DE P0003643 D DEP0003643 D DE P0003643D DE 874214 C DE874214 C DE 874214C
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properties
vinyl
polymers
vinyl crotonate
polymerization
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Expired
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DEP3643D
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German (de)
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Wolfram Dr Haehnel
W O Dr Herrmann
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HELLMUTH HOLZ DR
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HELLMUTH HOLZ DR
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Priority to DEP3643D priority Critical patent/DE874214C/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F214/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
    • C08F214/02Monomers containing chlorine
    • C08F214/04Monomers containing two carbon atoms
    • C08F214/06Vinyl chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F18/00Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
    • C08F18/02Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08F18/04Vinyl esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F18/00Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
    • C08F18/02Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08F18/04Vinyl esters
    • C08F18/08Vinyl acetate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/04Polymerisation in solution
    • C08F2/06Organic solvent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F36/00Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/02Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08F36/20Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds unconjugated

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Beeinflussung von Polymerisationsvorgängen und der Eigenschaften der hierbei entstehenden Polymerisate Es wurde sehr überraschenderweise gefunden, daß man Polymerisationsreaktionen und die dabei entstehenden Poly merisate durch Zugabe von Viny lcrotonat entscheidend beeinflussen kann, und zwar erstens im Sinne einer Steigerung des Polymerisationsgrades über das bisher bekannte Maß hinaus und zweitens durch die Möglichkeit einer Staffelung der Eigenschaften des Polymerisates in dem ganzen bisher bekannten sowie dem neu erschlossenen Bereich. Hierin liegen der technische Wert der vorliegenden Erfindung und ihre sprunghafte Fortschrittlichkeit.Process for influencing polymerization processes and properties of the resulting polymers It has been found, very surprisingly, that one merisate polymerization reactions and the resulting poly Addition of Viny lcrotonat can have a decisive influence, firstly in the sense an increase in the degree of polymerization beyond the previously known level and second, through the possibility of staggering the properties of the polymer in the whole previously known as well as the newly developed area. Lying in it the technical merit of the present invention and its leaps and bounds.

Beispielsweise konnte bisher kein in allen Lösungsmitteln unlösliches Polyv inylacetat hergestellt werden, was aber durch die Anwendung von Vinylcrotonat nun möglich geworden ist. Ferner hat man es nunmehr in der Hand, aus demselben monomeren Ausgangsprodukt, z. B. Vinylacetat, unter genau denselben Ansatzbedingungen und in der gleichen Apparatur durch bloße gestaffelte Zugabe sogar schon sehr kleiner Mengen von Vinylcrotonat die verschiedenartigsten Polymerisate mit einer gewünschten Löslichkeit, Quellbarkeit, einem bestimmten Schmelzpunkt, abgestuft verminderter Thermoplastizität usw. herzustellen.For example, so far none could not be insoluble in all solvents Polyvinyl acetate can be produced, but this is achieved through the use of vinyl crotonate has now become possible. Furthermore, one now has it in hand, from the same monomeric Starting product, e.g. B. vinyl acetate, under exactly the same approach conditions and in the same apparatus even very smaller by simply adding staggered amounts Amounts of vinyl crotonate the most varied of polymers with a desired Solubility, swellability, a certain melting point, graded reduced To produce thermoplasticity, etc.

Eine entsprechende Beeinflussung des Polymerisationsvorganges und der Polymerisateigenschaften durch Vinylcrotonat ergibt sich auch für andere Vinyl- und Acrylpolymerisate bzw. Mischpolymerisate.A corresponding influence on the polymerization process and the polymer properties of vinyl crotonate also result for other vinyl and acrylic polymers or copolymers.

Diese Aufdeckung einer überraschenden spezifischen Wirksamkeit des Vinylcrotonats scheint auch geeignet, manches Auffällige und bisher Unverständliche aufzuklären. So sind die größere Aktivität von in früheren Zeiten hergestelltem Vinylacetat sowie die Spritunlöslichkeit der daraus gewonnenen Polymerisate auf einen geringfügigen Gehalt an Vinylcrotonat zurückzuführen, und es wird nun verständlich, daß diese höhere Aktivität des Monomeren, die Spritunlöslicbkeit des Polymeren und andere Merkmale später, als das Monomere in reinem Zustande herstellbar wurde, nicht mehr reproduzierbar sein konnten, solange der Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung noch unbekannt war.This discovery of a surprising specific effectiveness of the Vinyl crotonate also seems suitable some noticeable and so far Clarify incomprehensible. Such are the greater activity from in earlier times produced vinyl acetate as well as the insolubility of the polymers obtained from it attributed to a minor level of vinyl crotonate, and it will now understandable that this higher activity of the monomer, the insolubility of the Polymers and other features later than the monomer in the pure state became, could no longer be reproducible as long as the subject matter of the present Invention was still unknown.

Die nach dem vorliegenden Verfahren gewinnbaren Polymerisate finden ihre Anwendung nicht nur im bisherigen, sondern in einem gerade durch ihre neuen Eigenschaften, wie Unlöslichkeit, größere mechanische Widerstandsfähigkeit, Unschmelzbarkeit bzw. verringerte Thermoplastizität, Freisein von » cold flow a u. dgl., erweiterten Bereich, z. B. die Polyvinylacetate nunmehr auch in Gebieten der Preßmassenherstellung u. dgl., wo geringe Thermoplastizität eine für die Stoffwahl entscheidende Rolle spielt. Beispiel i Monomeres Vinylacetat, das mit dem gleichen Volumen Alkohol gemischt war, wurde durch Zugabe von i01, Benzoylsuperoxyd, berechnet auf das angewandte Vinylacetat, polymerisiert. Man erhielt bei ruhigem Polymerisationsvorgang ein bei iio° schmelzendes, in Alkohol, Aceton, Benzol, Essigester und vielen anderen Lösungsmitteln leicht lösliches Polyvinylacetat in alkoholischer Lösung.Find the polymers obtainable by the present process their application not only in the previous one, but in one precisely through their new ones Properties such as insolubility, greater mechanical resistance, infusibility or reduced thermoplasticity, freedom from cold flow and the like, expanded Area, e.g. B. the polyvinyl acetates now also in areas of molding compound production and the like, where low thermoplasticity plays a decisive role in the choice of material plays. Example i Monomeric vinyl acetate mixed with an equal volume of alcohol was, was calculated on the applied by the addition of 101, benzoyl peroxide Vinyl acetate, polymerized. A with was obtained with a quiet polymerization process iio ° melting in alcohol, acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate and many other solvents Easily soluble polyvinyl acetate in alcoholic solution.

Bei einer Wiederholung des Versuches in Gegenwart von x()/" Vinylcrotonat, berechnet auf das angewandte Vinylacetat, verlief die Polymerisation mit großer Heftigkeit, das Polymerisat fiel als gallertige Masse aus und erwies sich als ein unschmelzbares, in keinem Lösungsmittel lösliches Polyvinylacetat. Beispiel 2 5 Mischungen von 301 Volumprozent Sprit mit 701 Volumprozent Vinylacetat wurden durch Erwärmung mit i 01/o Benzoylsuperoxyd, berechnet auf das angewandte Vinylacetat, polymerisiert. Dabei wurden Zusätze von 1, 2, 3, 7 und i01 0/0o Vinylcrotonat, berechnet auf das angewandte Vinylacetat, gegeben. Hierdurch wurde eine Staffelung der Schmelzpunkte und der Quellbarkeit der entstandenen Polymerisate erreicht. In der folgenden Übersicht bedeuten die unter Quellung angegebenen Zahlen das prozentuale Volumenverhältnis des gequollenen Materials zum ungequollenen Material. Vin lcrotonat Quellun Schmelz- zusatz 00o in Sprit I in Aceton l in Benzol Punkt i .......... löslich löslich ( löslich =115° 2 .......... löslich löslich löslich 1950 g .......... 463 I 1093 1 o98 un- schmelz- bar 7 .......... 384 885 807 - 10 .......... 273 825 724 - Beispiel 3 Reines Vinylacetat wurde, in Glasbomben eingeschmolzen, unter Zusatz von i bzw. i01 0/01o Vynilcrotonat durch Sonnenlicht polymerisiert. Es ergaben sich unschmelzbare, in Sprit, Aceton und Benzol unlösliche Polymerisate mit folgenden prozentualen Quellungsbeträgen: Vinylcrotonat- Ouellung zusatz °j001 in Sprit I in Aceton I in Benzol 1 ............... 217 639 458 z01 ............... 157 356 332 Läßt man das Vinylcrotonat ganz weg, so erhält man Produkte, die in Sprit schwer löslich, in Aceton und Benzol jedoch ohne Schwierigkeit klar löslich sind.When the experiment was repeated in the presence of x () / " vinyl crotonate, calculated on the vinyl acetate used, the polymerization proceeded with great violence, the polymer precipitated as a gelatinous mass and proved to be an infusible polyvinyl acetate which was not soluble in any solvent. Example 2 5 mixtures of 301 percent by volume of gasoline with 701 percent by volume of vinyl acetate were polymerized by heating with 10/0 benzoyl peroxide, calculated on the vinyl acetate used, with additions of 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10/0/0 vinyl crotonate, calculated on the applied vinyl acetate As a result, the melting points and the swellability of the resulting polymers were graded. In the following overview, the numbers given under swelling represent the percentage volume ratio of the swollen material to the unswollen material. Vin lcrotonat Quellun melting addition 00o in fuel I in acetone l in benzene Point i .......... soluble soluble (soluble = 115 ° 2 .......... soluble soluble soluble 1950 g .......... 463 I 1093 1 o98 un- melting bar 7 .......... 384 885 8 0 7 - 10 .......... 273 825 724 - Example 3 Pure vinyl acetate, melted in glass bombs, was polymerized by sunlight with the addition of 1 or 10 0/0 vinyl crotonate. The result was infusible polymers, insoluble in fuel, acetone and benzene, with the following percentage swelling: Vinyl crotonate source additional ° j001 in fuel I in acetone I in benzene 1 ............... 217 639 458 z01 ............... 157 356 332 If the vinyl crotonate is omitted entirely, products are obtained which are sparingly soluble in fuel, but which are clearly soluble in acetone and benzene without difficulty.

Beispiel 4 2 Mischungen aus je 9 Gewichtsteilen Äthanol und 21 Gewichtsteilen Vinylformiat wurden durch Erhitzen mit 01,2 Gewichtsteilen Benzoylsuperoxyd polymerisiert, wobei einmal 01,2 Gewichtsteile Vinylcrotonat zugegeben wurden, das andere Mal nicht. Die Polymerisate unterschieden sich folgendermaßen in der Löslichkeit Mit Vinylcrotonat Ohne Vinylcrotonat hergestellt hergestellt in Aceton ...... unlöslich löslich in Ameisensäure. - - in Chloroform in Dioxan ...... - - in Essigsäure ... - - in Pyridin ...... - - Beispiel 5 56g monomeres Vinylchlorid, die in 50o g Methanol gelöst waren, wurden durch aktives Licht polymerisiert, wobei das gebildete Polyvinylchlorid als weißes Pulver ausfiel. Das Polymerisat war in heißem wie auch in kaltem Dioxan klar löslich. Eine parallel, aber in Gegenwart von 0,56 g Vinylcrotonat durchgeführte Polymerisation lieferte ein in Dioxan selbst beim Kochen unlösliches Polymerisat. Beispiel 6 240 g monomeres Vinylacetat wurden unter Rühren in Zoo g einer 6o/oigen wäßrigen Polyvinylalkohollösung emulgiert und unter langsamem Erwärmen nach Zugabe von i ccm 3oo/oigem Wasserstoffsuperoxyd polymerisiert. Das Polymerisat, eine mit Wasser homogen verdünnbare Polyvinylacetatemulsion, ließ sich mit Methanol in eine klare Lösung von Polyvinylacetat überführen.Example 4 2 Mixtures of 9 parts by weight of ethanol and 21 parts by weight of vinyl formate were polymerized by heating with 01.2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, 01.2 parts by weight of vinyl crotonate being added once and not the other time. The polymers differed in solubility as follows With vinyl crotonate Without vinyl crotonate manufactured manufactured in acetone ...... insoluble soluble in formic acid. - - in chloroform in dioxane ...... - - in acetic acid ... - - in pyridine ...... - - Example 5 56 g of monomeric vinyl chloride dissolved in 50 ° g of methanol were polymerized by active light, the polyvinyl chloride formed precipitating as a white powder. The polymer was clearly soluble in both hot and cold dioxane. A polymerization carried out in parallel, but in the presence of 0.56 g of vinyl crotonate, gave a polymer which was insoluble in dioxane even on boiling. Example 6 240 g of monomeric vinyl acetate were emulsified with stirring in zoo g of a 60% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution and polymerized with slow heating after adding 1 ccm of 300% hydrogen peroxide. The polymer, a polyvinyl acetate emulsion which can be homogeneously diluted with water, could be converted into a clear solution of polyvinyl acetate using methanol.

Eine Wiederholung dieses Polymerisationsvorganges in Gegenwart von 2,4 g Vinylcrotonat führte zu einem grobkörnigen, mit Wasser nicht mehr homogen verdünnbaren Brei, dessen Festsubstanz in Methanol nicht löslich war, Eine Wiederholung dcs Polymerisationsvorganges in Gegenwart von nur o,5 g Vinylcrotonat lieferte eine zwar noch mit Wasser homogen verdünnbare Emulsion, die aber nach einigen Stunden ein Sediment bildete, das in Methanol nur schwer löslich war.A repetition of this polymerization process in the presence of 2.4 g of vinyl crotonate resulted in a coarse-grained product that was no longer homogeneous with water dilutable pulp, the solid substance of which was not soluble in methanol, One Repetition of the polymerization process in the presence of only 0.5 g of vinyl crotonate delivered an emulsion that could still be homogeneously diluted with water, but that after a few Hours formed a sediment that was only sparingly soluble in methanol.

Auf diese Weise läßt sich u. a. der physikalische Charakter einer Emulsion und ihr Verhalten bzw. das ihrer Festsubstanz gegenüber Lösungsmitteln beliebig staffeln. Beispiel 7 Eine Mischung von 86 g Vinylacetat und 263 g Trichloräthylen wurde unter katalytischer Wirkung von 5,2 g Benzoylsuperoxyd 51/2 Stunden lang gekocht, wodurch die gemeinsame Polymerisation der beiden ungesättigten Monomeren über alle möglichenZwischenstufen hinaus so weit getrieben wurde, daß die polymere Additionsverbindung mit der Bruttoformel C1H702C13 entstand. Durch Reinigung mit Wasserdampf und durch anschließende Umfällung aus Acetonlösung mit Wasser wurde das Polymerisat als weißes, leichtes Pulver isoliert. Diese Verbindung ist durch eine besonders gute Löslichkeit in vielen organischen Lösungsmitteln, insbesondere in Äther und Methanol, ausgezeichnet. Das bei Durchführung der gleichen Reaktion in Gegenwart von o,9 g Vinylcrotonat entstandene Mischpolymerisat war in Äther nur noch unvollständig, in Methanol überhaupt nicht mehr löslich.In this way, inter alia the physical character of a Emulsion and its behavior or that of its solid substance towards solvents stagger at will. Example 7 A mixture of 86 g of vinyl acetate and 263 g of trichlorethylene was boiled under the catalytic effect of 5.2 g of benzoyl peroxide for 51/2 hours, whereby the joint polymerization of the two unsaturated monomers over all possible intermediate stages so far that the polymeric addition compound with the gross formula C1H702C13. By cleaning with steam and through subsequent reprecipitation from acetone solution with water, the polymer was as white, light powder isolated. This compound is due to its particularly good solubility Excellent in many organic solvents, especially in ether and methanol. When carrying out the same reaction in the presence of 0.9 g of vinyl crotonate The resulting copolymer was only incomplete in ether, and at all in methanol no longer soluble.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: z. Verfahren zur Beeinflussung von Polymerisationsvorgängen und der Eigenschaften der dabei entstehenden Polymerisate, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Polymerisationen in Gegenwart von Vinylcrotonat vor sich gehen läßt. z. Verfahren nach Anspruch z, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man durch gestaffelte Dosierung des zugefügten Vinylcrotonats Polymerisate mit gestaffelten Eigenschaften herstellt. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch r und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch genügende Zugabe von Vinylcrotonat die Polymerisation so weit getrieben wird, daß Polymerisationsgrade bis zu völliger Unlöslichkeit und Unschmelzbarkeit der Polymerisate erreicht werden. Angezogene Druckschriften Britische Patentschrift Nr. 496 276. PATENT CLAIMS: e.g. Process for influencing polymerization processes and the properties of the resulting polymers, characterized in that the polymerizations are allowed to proceed in the presence of vinyl crotonate. z. Process according to Claim z, characterized in that polymers with graduated properties are produced by graduated metering of the added vinyl crotonate. 3. The method according to claim r and 2, characterized in that by adding sufficient vinyl crotonate, the polymerization is driven so far that degrees of polymerization are achieved up to complete insolubility and infusibility of the polymers. Cited Papers British Patent No. 496,276.
DEP3643D 1940-01-05 1940-01-06 Process for influencing Polymerisationsvorgaengen and the properties of the resulting polymers Expired DE874214C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3643D DE874214C (en) 1940-01-05 1940-01-06 Process for influencing Polymerisationsvorgaengen and the properties of the resulting polymers

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE233502X 1940-01-05
DE226694X 1940-01-05
DEP3643D DE874214C (en) 1940-01-05 1940-01-06 Process for influencing Polymerisationsvorgaengen and the properties of the resulting polymers
CH226694T 1941-01-03

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DE874214C true DE874214C (en) 1953-04-20

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DEP3643D Expired DE874214C (en) 1940-01-05 1940-01-06 Process for influencing Polymerisationsvorgaengen and the properties of the resulting polymers
DEP5489D Expired DE881260C (en) 1940-01-05 1943-05-29 Process for the production of copolymers from vinyl esters by copolymerization with vinyl crotonate

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DEP5489D Expired DE881260C (en) 1940-01-05 1943-05-29 Process for the production of copolymers from vinyl esters by copolymerization with vinyl crotonate

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BE (2) BE440208A (en)
CH (4) CH233501A (en)
DE (2) DE874214C (en)
FR (2) FR881719A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3005809A (en) * 1957-09-05 1961-10-24 Air Reduction Vinyl alcohol-crotonic acid copolymers

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB496276A (en) * 1937-05-27 1938-11-28 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Manufacture of artificial substances resembling rubber

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB496276A (en) * 1937-05-27 1938-11-28 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Manufacture of artificial substances resembling rubber

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3005809A (en) * 1957-09-05 1961-10-24 Air Reduction Vinyl alcohol-crotonic acid copolymers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH233502A (en) 1944-07-31
DE881260C (en) 1953-06-29
CH226694A (en) 1943-04-30
CH233501A (en) 1944-07-31
CH295895A (en) 1954-01-15
FR881719A (en) 1943-05-06
BE440208A (en) 1941-02-28
BE455982A (en) 1944-06-30
FR53726E (en) 1946-07-29

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