DE8506483U1 - Fireplace for heat generators such as boilers, stoves or the like. - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to fireplaces for heat generators such as boilers, heating stoves or the like, especially with heating through gas-rich solid fuels such as HoIs, lignite, peat or the like «, which both have primary air for burning the solid S components on a fuel grate as well as secondary air separately therefrom for the combustion of the volatile components such as smoke emerging from the solid fire bed. However, the invention may also be can be used with advantage in fireplaces with heating by gasanae fuels

In the following, the fireplace is to be understood primarily as the room in which the oxidation of the fuel occurs complete, as is the case, for example, in WarmluftslmmerÖfen, in Warmwasserhelauiigekeeseln or the like. the case 1st. Qm especially with gas-rich fuels the best possible combustion bring about, the fire is next to the primary air, with which the solid components of the fuel react, too Secondary air supplied, with which the volatile fractions of the split off from the fixed fire bed by pyrolysis

Items to be burned are burned · With such, in general

Fireplaces operated with natural draft have so far been particularly poor in the combustion of the volatile constituents of the fuel with the aid of the secondary air, which is calibrated

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is expressed by the fact that unburned fuel in the form of; CO-containing ranch relocated the fireplace. Would be Oxidation of the fuel »completely, then only carbon dioxide, water vapor and * r 5 possibly the oxides of certain »in fuel or ver elements containing combustion air such as sulfur »find nitrogen and the like *

In order to improve the combustion of volatile heating gases, catalytic converters have been proposed which contain finely distributed platia. The catalyst ensures that the volatile, reactive components of the material to be fired are oxidized more intensely than would be the case without the catalyst. The disadvantage of the catalytic converter is its high price, its sensitivity to poisoning and admiration, and its limited lifespan. It is also already known to improve the combustion of hot gas by heating the secondary and secondary air (see DB-FS 28 12 962, column 3, line 53 or DB-FS 30 31 1S4, column 2, Ropes 43). In the meantime, the Brflnduag has set itself the task of ensuring that the previously white, gas-rich solid fuel is not completely oxidized. For example, the following is a better understanding of the invention explained why fireplaces according to the

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State of the art without a catalyst and without a fan Only incinerate volatile items incompletely.

Will is sir.sr sclshss? Cscrst £ tts des Brennst © * £ bet% ignited, ao flammable smoke is produced in a short time. This moves under the BinCluB of the hornstone eye Towards the chimney. Course over the fire bed is de « Secondary air smoke supplied, which is usually cold, because they often work immediately without further action the fire door under the influence of the Sohorasteinsuges into the fireplace filled with smoke flows. Smoke and secondary air are poorly mixed in the area of this air inlet. Elongated, unused secondary air "flags" flow next to unburned, long-drawn smoke "clouds" the Scherasteln see below. "Clouds" with the oxygen of the secondary air under generation from tfärme & hestisch connect. This is only possible «if the surface between secondary air and smoke is so neio iJt, that the oxidation process is started, that the ignition temperature of the interface is reached. This high tempera -

However, 2Q door applies to fireplaces according to the state of the art Technology only in a few areas of the smoke flow. The other districts in which the ignition temperature is not reached,

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often cool with the release of useful heat on the way to the The chimney and leave the fireplace as unburned smoke. With many fireplaces according to the state of the art is also the Heg dss Rsuchss svisshss dss Crt dsr secondary air— feed and the chimney short. Here the rough "clouds" can burn »the OKVdationprozeB can, however are not terminated because the gases cooled down below the ignition temperature of the boundary layer on entering the chimney will. Here, too, smoke escapes from the chimney.

The present invention now wants to achieve that the

Ignition temperature of the boundary layer between the volatile fuel and the secondary air in fireplaces with natural draft is always guaranteed. For this purpose, it is proposed according to the invention, the secondary air before it enters in the smoke stream to a temperature which is equal to or higher than the ignition temperature of the boundary layer between secondary air and smoke * The secondary air temperature must be higher, the colder the smoke temperature. By this measure, the temperature int inside the limit layer brought to ignition height, although the smoke added returned surface of the boundary layer is too cold to ignite.

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Side-by-side goiter from smoke and hot secondary air could, after a sufficiently long journey, be known within it the southern temperature of the boundary layer is maintained, completely chemically combine with each other. Depending on the design of the secondary air supply, this "Auabrenn- length "can be very long. A fireplace with a long smoke path is more expensive to build than a fireplace with kursem Rauchweg * Therefore, a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is seen in the increase Secondary air flow through several holes, their cross-section The smoke flow should not be significantly larger than 5 cm * to feed. In the area of these injection openings, the smoke flow should at most with a Sohornstein draft of 1 mm WS Be 20 to 30 cm thick.

According to the invention, there is also an arrangement where which the smoke passes through the center of a round or polygonal Riagkammer, on its central boundary surface the inlet openings for the secondary air are arranged. In this case, the walls that the ring camouflages are against delimit the center of the chamber and in which the injection holes are arranged, a distance of 40 from each other up to 50 cm (see Fig. 3 - 7). Ix The sum of all hole cross-sections through which the secondary air is blown.

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■ must be so large that the secondary air constant flow that sets in at a given draft of 1 mn WS is reduced by the amount of the maximum? To completely oxidize smoke development «

A secondary air inlet through several holes causes the smoke to burn completely over a relatively short distance. The smaller the bin blower openings, the shorter the smoke combustion path and the lower the height of the fireplace can be. Bine especially in front of te ills? The second form of the secondary air inlet is designed according to the invention as follows: At least 90% of the maximum necessary secondary air flow is guided into the combustion chamber in the form of many air jets in a zone which is so high above the solid bed * that solid components cannot protrude into the secondary air turret. This secondary air flow of 90% or more of the maximum necessary flow can be changed with the help of a throttle device. A second injection zone is arranged at a distance within which the smoke oxidation is complete , through which a maximum of 10% of the maximum necessary secondary air is directed into your room. This air flow is not variable. With the help of high-temperature thermometers, according to the invention, the smoke gas temperature is measured before and after the second injection point

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measured. If there is a difference between these two points, this is an indication that an oxidation still took place behind the second injection point, i.e. that the puff burning in and after the first injection point was not complete. You can now adjust the variable portion like this.; change long until the temperature difference at the second I Einblaszone almost zero. This situation can only occur when the smoke in the main injection zone is almost completely burned. Of course, this temperature difference can also be maintained with the aid of an R controller. The invention proposes a controller without auxiliary energy for this purpose.

The secondary air flow can in itself in different ways be heated. Although it is conceivable to use a gas-heated heat exchanger for this purpose, according to the invention it is particularly expedient to use the heat of combustion of the fuel generated inside the fireplace for this purpose to use. According to the invention, the HaBnahae serve this goal,

ti to insulate the fireplace so that it has as little heat as possible loses and within this isolated place of fat Arrange a heat exchanger with which the secondary air is heated and, if necessary, also the primary air.

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An arrangement in which as much heat is extracted from the combustion products as is necessary to heat the combustion air, but not further warmth, which a.B. is used for heating purposes, develops the maximum possible within the firebox Temperature·

The means by which the heated products of combustion Useful heat, e.g. to generate hot air, hot water or such things, withdrawn, can be made in various ways from » be led, cm the highest possible temperature within of the furnace, it is expedient according to the invention if the hot ones escaping from the furnace Exhaust gases during or before their use via the outer walls of the Fire chamber jacket or reaction tube are passed. on In this way, the unavoidable energy loss through the furnace wall is reduced by the trots thermal insulation.

As a further embodiment of the invention, the hot exhaust gases can be provided immediately after leaving of the cremation room and before the heat of the groove was withdrawn from them Preferably use medium-sized, pollutant-binding granules existing closed reaction bed (pollutant reactor) let pass su what this way a temperature

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between 700 ° C and 1100 * c assumes «At this temperature For example, it combines heated XaIk with the formation of calcium sulphide compounds particularly well with any sulfur oxides contained in the flue gas, especially sulfur dioxide. In this way you can determine the sulfur content of the exhaust gases lower funds. But other gaseous, environmentally harmful constituents of the exhaust gas , which react with K & lk or other substances housed in the pollutant reactor, such as Alr ^v .ivkofes or the like, can be kept away from the environment.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated in various embodiments, for example

Fig. 1 shows a fireplace (HMrmeerzeuger) schematically in a vertical cut on the right side,

Fig. 2 is a partial cross-section along the line II - II of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 shows a further approach to the FeuerStItt * excellent controller,

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4 shows a third embodiment of the fireplace, also with marked Eegler,

Flg. 5 a fourth embodiment of the fireplace in internal middle part,

6 shows a broken cross-section through the lower part of the fireplace according to FIG. A,

,; Fig. 7 is a broken cross-section through a part

\ the fireplace according to Fig. 5 *

I. The Wäirmereuger shown in Fig. 1 and 2 has a

'Io combustion chamber 1' which, according to the invention, is located inside a e.g.

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■ ones made of good insulation material, its I mean thermal conductivity should be below approx. 0.0 * w / mX. I fully see inside the reaction tube 2, see the whole

I 15 Oxidation of the fuel. The reaction tube 2 surrounds: a heat exchanger 3, which at a rare upper end over a pipe 4 is charged with the secondary air to be heated will. The secondary air flow can be changed by means not shown in detail. Make entry through the

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Pipeline 4 flows dl · secondary air in the heat exchanger 3 rtnrtt »t« y according to the invention downwards, passes a tongue 3 "'arranged in this. If about level with a fuel grate S along the tongue 3", it is guided upwards again, enters a sum heat exchanger 3 and flows through several rows of holes 3 'into the fire room 1.

In the lower part of the reaction tube β 2 is the fuel grate 5 #, which is coated with lignite, for example, via an opening not shown in the drawing ; below the grate 5, a primary air distributor 6 is arranged, lighter, for example, made of sheet metal in the form of a double shell. The primary air, which can be throttled if necessary, is passed into the distributor 6 via a pipe 7. From there it enters the combustion chamber via a closed row of loci 6 * arranged in the inner tube * of the distributor 6. Since the lower area of the distributor 6 and part of the pipeline 7 come into contact with hot flue gases, the primary air is warmed up somewhat; this favors the combustion and the polyene process in the fire bed. Below the grate 5 is a not shown here within the inner shell of the distributor 6

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Ash drawer housed, which has an adapted opening Ine free can be drawn.

After the fuel bed has been poured onto the grate 5 and has been ignited »see the volatile fuel components in the form of warned smoke move upwards, pass a now open bypass flap 8, a distributor 9 and pass through an exhaust pipe 10 to the chimney.

The primary odor constant flow I in line 7 is at its maximum Size set, the secondary air flow in the pipeline to a size adapted to the smoke development, which at the beginning the firing process is therefore low "

Because the fire bed and the smoke thanks to the thermal insulation through the reaction tube 2 lose hardly any energy, the space inside the reaction tube 2 heats up quickly, whereby the Secondary air temperature is increased rapidly. If the temperature of the secondary air has reached the ignition temperature of the smoke, then the smoke stream begins at the level of the air injection holes to burn. The combustion is within the space between the injection holes 3 * and the upper edge of the reaction pipe 2 completed, which makes this room quickly hot.

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At a certain temperature inside the exhaust pipe 10, which is a measure for the fire control, the bypass flap β is closed and the hot exhaust gases move aioh according to the invention in an annular space 2 * around the reaction tube 2 around naoh down; There they enter a lower distributor and pass via a pipe register 12 via the upper distributor 9 and via the exhaust pipe 10 to the chimney.

With the entire current movement after leaving the The reaction tube 2 flows around the hot exhaust gases which transfer heat Walls, on the other side of which see B. Water sum operation one Heating is located. The return water from the hot water heater enters the heat absorber through an opening 13, the supply water leaves it through outlets 14 and 15. Such hot water heating is only an advantageous game for the exhaust gas heat. The hot exhaust gases can also be used in other ways.

It is advantageous to keep the hot exhaust gases around the

; tion tube 2 around down to direct the energy loss through the wall of the reaction tube, but the same goal can also be achieved, for example, with thicker reaction tube walls. With a reaction tube designed in this way

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the hot exhaust gases can also reach the upper level of the · reaction «- pipes can be pulled off and put to use.

According to the invention, it is expedient to partially cover the upper hand of the reaction tube 2 with a baffle plate 22 made of sheet metal in order to lengthen the length of the burning smoke (burnout length) within the reaction tube 2. The entire fireplace is surrounded by an insulating jacket 23 in order to reduce the heat losses to the outside.

In Fig. 3, a further developed embodiment of the invention is shown. The reaction tube 2.1 here does not have a square cross-section as in FIG. 1, but a round cross-section. The heat exchangers are also not housed on one side in the reaction tube, as in FIG. 1, but are rotationally symmetrical. Instead of a heat exchanger as in FIG. 1, two heat exchangers are provided in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 according to the invention. The exchanger 3.1 with its pipeline feed 4.1 for the variable part of the secondary air has the same purpose as the heat exchanger 2 in FIG

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from about the height of the Peuerrostes 5.1 back up and occurs About one or more closed rows of holes, which calibrate in a central, the heat exchanger * x * ± 3 * 1 final, cylindrical air distributor 3.1 · are located in the combustion chamber 1.1.

The second heat exchanger 16.1, d-er in the upper part of the reaction tube is arranged and which is connected to the free atmosphere via a pipe 17.1 see, according to the invention, heats a non-variable portion the secondary air, the flow of which is about 10% or less of the maximum necessary flow rate is »The secondary air entering through the pipe 17» 1 is passed through holes 16.1 * guided into the combustion chamber 1.1. Above and below the row of holes 16.1 *, according to the invention, the sensors 18.1 and 19.1 a temperature difference controller attached, which in the the right half of the Fig. 3 is indicated · The Sensors 18,1 and 19,1 consist, for example, of swel closed steel tubes, which via indicated capillary tubes 18,2 bsw. 19.2 are connected to metal bellows 18.1 'and 19.1 · The interconnected rooms 18.1 and 18.1 * bsw. 19.1 and 19.1 * are e.g. filled with nitrogen, the pressure of which is the same in both systems and is e.g. 5 bar.

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If a bed of fuel is layered on the grate 5, 1 and ignited, and the valve 21 of the temperature difference controller is closed, a warm Rav.jh is also created here, which when the bypass valve is open above the exhaust pipe 10.1 sun chimney moves. B In this way, it heats the secondary air in the heat exchangers 16.1 and 3.1. let the temperature of the secondary air has risen sufficiently high, then the smoke ignites when the air distributor 16.1 * is passed and the sensor 18.1 becomes hotter than that

IC * sensor 19 »1. This also reduces the pressure in the metal bellows 18.1 ' higher than in the metal bellows 19.1 * and the spring tube bottoms, which are firmly connected to one another, move when the Valve 21 downwards, so that fresh air from a »with the free atmosphere connected pipe 20 and via the Tube 4.1 enters the heat exchanger 3.1. The smoke is now already igniting at the air distributor 3.1 *.

If the smoke burns completely in the area between the air distributors 3, 1 'and 16, 1', then it increases Temperature of sensors 18.1 and 19.1, but the two temperatures no longer differ Valve 21 is throttled again and a pressure arises into the pipe 4.1, which is just poured so that between

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only a small temperature difference is maintained at sensors 18.1 and 19.1. If this difference is * a Zero, then the valve 21 closes completely, but if the difference is large, then the valve 21 is completely open * The desire for a small temperature difference is increased set. This ensures that the greatest building age with the air conduction 3 * 1 * only tine is burned small amount of nest at the air inlet 16.1 '. Are the fleeting ones Components of the fuel from the fire bed completely driven out "then the temperature difference between the sensors 18.1 and 19.1 is also to Hull, and the valve 21 is completely closed"

The meaning of the parts 7.1 to 15.1 in FIG. 3 corresponds parts 7 to 15 in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3, a pollutant reactor is generally shown. It consists of a rotationally symmetrical frame made of perforated sheet metal or wire mesh, which is filled with a medium-sized granulate that binds harmful substances. The granules can z, B. be quicklime if the fuel contains a lot of sulfur. The chemical! The reaction between sulfur oxides and quick lime runs in a range from 800 ⁰ C to

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900 ⁰ C so intensely that a large part of the sulfur oxides is bound. The arrangement of the pollutant reactor 24 directly at the exit of the fireplace and before heat is extracted from the exhaust gases "ensures" that the pollutant reactor assumes this temperature. In order to remove the "no longer reactive layers of gypsum" that develop on the surface of the granulate, it is proposed according to the invention to shake the pollutant reactor 24 by means of unspecified devices by means of brief rotary movements.

The plaster of paris then falls on the fire bed »and when it is shaken will »up to the ashtray. The pollutant reactor 24 can also be filled with other granulates »e.g. with activated coke »to bind nitrogen oxides. In this case, the pollutant reactor must be removed from the fireplace from time to time removed »to replace the saturated coke with unsaturated one.

Should, for reasons of cost, relate to the installation of the heat exchanger 16 »1 of Flg. 3 vf ^ r & Juahtet are »not however on the regulation of the secondary air, the sensor 19 »1 can also be arranged below the band 3.1 *» during the sensor 18/1 at a distance above β of 3 * 1 ' _r within which the rough oxidation is completed »wdrd.

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The actuator of the regulator ·, consisting of the valve 21 and the movable spring tube bottoms of the metal bellows 18,1 * and 19.1 *, must then never close completely. For example with the help of a stop it must be ensured that A minimum residual flow of 10% and less of the maximum necessary secondary air flow can always pass the air distributor 3.1 *

If the temperature difference between the Sensors 18.1 and 19.1 a predetermined small value, * .B.

10-20 * K, so the controller opens completely within a temperature difference that is specified by the construction of the furnace and the fuel. The temperature at which aie complete opening takes place, results from the heat output, which is the maximum possible during combustion The amount of smoke generated with the corresponding amount of secondary air. This temperature difference can be up to 600 ° K.

Compared to the arrangement with only one injection point the arrangement according to Flg. 3 has the advantage, among other things, that it is relatively independent of the furnace construction and the type of furnace used Fuel is.

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4 to 7 show arrangements with three heat exchangers. One is used to generate the constant Minimum secondary air constant flow, a second generation of the variable secondary air flow and a third finally the generation of highly heated primary air. Primary air that is so hot that it exceeds the ignition temperature of the exceeds the solid fuel content, results in a particularly high fire output in a small space.

The Fig. 4 let the Flg. B augeordered which one Section through the wing. 4 shows slightly above 3.2 '. In Based on the numbering in FIGS. 1 to 3, 2.2 means the round, insulating reaction tubes here, 1.2 the furnace, 16.2 the heat exchanger for the fixed secondary air portion with the supply pipe 17.2, 3.2 the heat exchanger for the variable secondary air flow old of the supply 4.2, and 6.2 the heat exchanger provided with a large surface area for the primary air with its pipe feed 7.2.

According to the invention, the primary air is in three rows of holes 6.2 'fed to the fire bed. The ones under the grate 5.2 arranged row of holes has the same effect as row 6 * In Fig. 1, the two upper rows of holes lead the primary air

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in the burning fire bed, what su an intense feast » fuel combustion leads from the outside to the inside. All other, partially unnumbered parts in Figs. 4 to 7, whale «* der nutsvärsssrsesgun? or the Schur.dair air control serve «correspond to the identical parts in the Figs. 1 to 3.

5 and 1, of which FIG. 7 shows a section through FIG. 5 above the variable secondary air supply, also show a reaction tube 2, 3 in the form of an elongated rectangle. This shape is suitable for high fire output.

According to the invention, the "smoke stream" that is located on a Move the air distributor past, with a chimney draft of 1 mm WS it should not be thicker than about 20-30 cm or 40-60 cm, if secondary air intakes are located on both sides of the smoke flow. Because of this, everyone Embodiments the secondary air according to the invention in a Blown smoke flow restriction. If a round shape is chosen for the reaction tube, this is also a maximum Fire control given. In the case of an elongated, rectangular reaction tube, on the other hand, the combustion air can be passed over

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Channel "is" n, via aia la dan Fig. 5 and 7 total are »fed to the furnace. The meaning of the parts 3.3 4.3 17.3 16.3 1.3 2.3 7.3 6.3 3.3 3.3 '6.3 * 5.3 äntipIVUnaÜ ueü «similar to j5SSvivhuv» SS Tsilwi iS

Figures 4 and 6.

If one sees a pollutant reactor 24 * in such an elongated, rectangular reaction tube shape, then this takes the form of an elongated IYIInders made of perforated sheet metal or wire mesh. An elongated cylinder can be particularly easily passed through the wall of the heat generator rotate through it to reveal the surfaces of the pollutant Cleaning the granulate also · Removing the hazardous substance reactor drum from the combustion chamber is easier here than with one Reactor according to FIG. 3.

If you asked to do it with a particularly small amount of fire, then it is also possible to use the secondary air without constriction to blow into the d-sn furnace, similar to that in Fig. 4 Primary air is supplied.

In addition, the invention is not limited to described above and illustrated in the drawing

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Patent attorney VSR 101834

Versions, but it also includes all variants in the f Framework of the essential features of the invention.

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16.1 fMamurtaiaeher for fixed flow rate of secondary air 16 »1 /! F perforated plate in the center of 16.1 17.1 Pipeline for the call of the SehandBriuft according to 16.1 18.1 upper otapentur probe 18.1 with 18.1 t over KapUlaroohr 18.2 wiTiVi Baderrchr 19.1 lower partial temperature sensor 19.1 * toderx connected to 19.1 by Krpillerrchr 19.2:

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Claims (28)

Heinz Knechte 1, Hauptstrasse 27, 8752 Mainaschaff and Gerhard Klee, Fuchshohl 102, 6000 Frankfurt - Ginnheim Fireplace for heat generators such as boilers, stoves or similar protection claims: 1. Fireplace with preferably natural draft for 10 heat generators such as boilers, stoves or the like. In particular with heating by gas-rich solid fuels such as wood, lignite, peat or the like, which have both primary air for combustion the solid components on a fuel grate as also separated from it secondary air for the combustion of the ί volatile constituents escaping from the solid fuel bed parts of how smoke is supplied, characterized that in front of or in the entry zone of the secondary air in the furnace (1) a device is provided through which "the secondary air can be heated to a temperature which at least that for the combustion of the volatile constituents of the fuel has the required ignition temperature. 2. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is designed and arranged in such a way that that the secondary air at least to the ignition temperature of the boundary layer between the introduced secondary air and the volatile components to be burned, such as smoke, can be heated. 3. Fireplace according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the device for heating the secondary air consists of at least one heat exchanger heated by the heat of combustion of the solid fuel. 4. Fireplace according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the serving for heating the secondary air Heat exchanger (3) within a heat-insulating Reaktiönsi? Öhlfe§ (2) surrounding the furnace (1) any cross-section is arranged. 5. Fireplace according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a device, through which the heated secondary air in the form of several air jets through separate openings (3 ¹ ) can be blown into the flow of volatile components such as smoke to be burned. 6. Fireplace according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a device through which the flow of the secondary air as a function of the The difference between the temperatures in front of and behind the introduction of the secondary air into the combustion chamber (1) can be changed. 7. Fireplace according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heated secondary air enters the furnace in two separate zones (1), one of which is close to the fire bed, while the second is so far away from the first is that within the distance between the first and second feed zone, the volatile constituents of the The material to be burned is almost completely burned. 8. Fireplace according to claim 7, characterized by a device which is suitable for the difference of Keeping temperatures constant upstream and downstream of the second secondary air supply. 9. Fireplace according to claim 7 and 8, characterized in that that a controller is provided which is suitable is. to keep the temperature difference constant. 10. Fireplace according to claim 9, characterized in that that a system of two gas pressure temperature regulators which are known per se and are connected against one another as a regulator (18.1 * and 19.1 ') is provided, which close the regulator actuator (20) when the temperature of the sensor (18.1 * and 19.1 ') of the two systems is the same. 11. Fireplace according to one or more of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a pollutant reactor (24) is provided, which the hot exhaust gases before useful heat is withdrawn from them, happen and heat it up in the process. 12. Fireplace according to claim 11, characterized in that that the pollutant reactor (24) is made of a perforated plate or wire mesh manufactured vessel, which is filled with a pollutant-binding granulate, such as lime, activated charcoal or the like, is fillable. 13. Fireplace according to claim 11 or 12, characterized thereby, that the pollutant reactor (24) with a vibrator is provided. 14. Fireplace according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the device for Extraction of useful heat from the hot exhaust gases generated during combustion outside the combustion chamber (1) is arranged. 15. Meeting place for one or more of the speeches 1 to 14, characterized in that the combustion chamber (1, 1; 1, 2, 1, 3) is designed as a round or polygonal ring chamber is, in the central boundary surface of which there are injection openings (2, 1 ', 16, 1') are arranged for the secondary air (Fig. 3 - 7). 16. Fireplace according to claim 1 and others, characterized in that that the same is surrounded by an insulating jacket (23). 17. Fireplace according to claim 1 and others, characterized in that that a device is provided with the help of which the heated combustion products useful heat e.g. Production of hot air, hot water or the like is withdrawn. 18. Fireplace according to claim 17, characterized in that guides are provided which the out of the furnace (1) hot exhaust gases escaping during or before their use via the outer walls of the fire chamber jacket or Guide the reaction tube (2). 19. Fireplace according to claim 2, characterized in that a heat exchanger (3) which at its upper. The end is fed with secondary air of variable quantities via a pipe (4), is provided with guides (3 '"), which guide the secondary air first downwards and then upwards again and finally via a reheating room (3") through several holes or Introduce the rows of holes (3 ¹ ) into the combustion chamber (1) (Fig. 1). 20. Fireplace according to claim 1 inter alia, characterized in that a primary air distributor below a fuel grate (5) (6) is arranged, which is verseher with outlet openings (6 ') for the primary air (Fig. 1,2). 21. Fireplace according to claim 1 and others, characterized in that in the upper exhaust pipe (9, 10) a bypass flap (8) is arranged. 22. Fireplace according to claim 1 inter alia, characterized in that the hot exhaust gases through an annular space (2 ¹ ) around a reaction tube (2) downwards, from dorc via a lower distributor (11) and a pipe register (12) upwards and there via an upper distributor (9) into an exhaust pipe (10) to the chimney. 23. Fireplace according to claim 1 inter alia, characterized in! that the upper edge of the reaction tube is partially covered with a | Baffle plate (22) is covered (Fig. 1). ] 24. Fireplace according to claim 1 inter alia, characterized in that in a reaction tube (2, 1) with a round transverse cut two heat exchangers (3, 1 and 16, 1) rotary | symmetrically arranged around the reaction tube (2, 1) around I (Fig. 3). 25. Fireplace according to claim 1 and others, characterized in that that three heat exchangers are provided, of which the heat exchanger (16, 2) for the fixed proportion of secondary air, the heat exchanger (3, 2) for the variable secondary air flow and the heat exchanger (6, 2) with large Surface for the primary air works (Fig. 4). 26. Fireplace according to ANS claim 1 or 25, characterized in that the primary air is supplied to the fire bed in rows of holes (6/2 ¹ ) below and above the fire grate (5, 2) (Fig. 4). ; 27. Fireplace according to claim 1 inter alia, characterized by a smoke flow constriction through which the secondary air is blown in. 28. Fireplace according to claim 11, characterized in that the pollutant reactor (24 ¹ ) has the shape of a rotatable cylinder (Fig. 5). (Edmund F.Ei -ommen) Patent Attorney VNR 101834