DE847186C - Respirator - Google Patents

Description

Respiratory device The present invention relates to a breathing apparatus arrangement, especially on breathing apparatus with a positive, inevitable effect both in the Inhalation as well as in the exhalation phase of a patient. The artificial breathing is usually brought about by either a suitable gas mixture, such as B. air or oxygen, or a mixture of both, with or without a proportion of Carbon dioxide, into the lungs of the duck with the help of a face mask or mask Inserting a cannula or placing an intermittent one around the patient's body Using a vacuum (so-called tank breathing apparatus or by opening the chest through an inflatable, squeezes the strap to be lined around the patient's chest. In the first case one gets an active inhalation (resp. breathing) and the exhalation results from the elasticity of the lungs and chest, which in their dilated state show a tendency to return to their normal state. In the case of compression active exhalation is induced in the chest, which is followed by inhalation, as soon as the compressed chest expands to its normal state, likewise as a result of their elasticity. Both procedures can be used at the same time to induce alternating active inhalation and exhalation periods.

It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a breathing apparatus assembly to create which active inhalation and active exhalation phases alternately with certainty in certain periods of time and in a precisely controllable rhythm so that the phases become absolutely synchronous.

Another object of the present invention is to provide means the amount of chest squeezing and the lungs filling with inhalation gas to regulate independently vijilelil other. Another object of the present invention is a means of forcing an inhaled gas into the lungs with the help and under the control of @ calls, which are periodically promoted by a compressor is going to pre-empt.

To these and other goals which dcii Faeli people easily understand will be to achieve. The present invention consists in compression means the chest including an inflatable bladder and means for inhalation, including a pressure chamber, separate air lines, which both the bladder and the Pressure chamber with separate compressor chambers, the mechanical means for compressing of the gas contained in the chambers mentioned, connect, the mechanical Means are so connected among themselves. that they work in dependence on one another.

The present invention will now be made apparent from the drawings which Embodiments of the present invention are illustratively described, however It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments is limited.

Figure 1 of the drawings illustrates a complete breathing apparatus assembly according to the present invention with two separate compressors; Fig. 2 is a cross section of one of the compressors of Figure I; Figures 3 and 4 illustrate two types a double-acting compressor which replaces the two shown in FIG Compressors can be used; Figs. 5 and 6 are cross sections of an in Fig. 4 piston rod shown.

The belt 1 is provided with inflatable bladders 2 on one side and has three gills, so one dali the girdle around the chest part of the body of one Patient who is to be induced artificial respiration can tie up, where the blisters lie against the chest. The bladders 2 are through connecting hoses 4 connected to a hose 5.. On the other hand is the inhalation or face mask 11 conventional type with headbands 10 and an exhalation valve 12 with pressure compensation provided with a tube 13 which connects the mask with the inflatable bladder 14 within the pressure chamber of an airtight vessel 15 via an airtight attached to the lid 16 of the vessel, connecting sleeve 17 connects. The hose 13 is provided with a safety valve 27 of any suitable type, which is the pressure of the gas that is supplied to the patient's lungs to one suitable value, such as B. 12 to 8 cm water column, limited. So is the hose provided with a suction valve 28. Furthermore, the sleeve 17 is via a pipe 19 to a Pressure vessel 18, which contains the gas mixture to be used as inhalation gas, connected. The vessel 18 has a normal pressure reducing valve for reduction the gas pressure; the latter is set so that he required amount of gas in the time unit is delivered.

The lid 16 of the vessel 15 has a nipple 25 for an air hose 26, through which air can be introduced into the vessel 15.

The air hose 5 is connected to a compressor 31, and the air hose 26 is connected to a second compressor 32. Any compressor has a piston 33 and a piston rod 34 attached thereto. The piston rods are fastened by bolts 38 and 39 to the crank disks 36 of a crankshaft 37, in such a way that, for example, when the bolt 38 is in the farthest position to the compressor 31, the bolt 39 is closest to the compressor 32, at least approximated. The shaft 37 is driven by any suitable power source such as a Electric motor 22 and belt 23, driven. the speed must be adjustable, e.g. through a resistor 24 in the power supply line. Optionally you can use conical pulleys merden used for the drive belt.

Each compressor has a cylindrical wall 35 and a bottom wall and, as shown in FIG. 2, a cover wall, which, however, is not essential is, the walls mentioned helping a space that is filled by the piston 33 in two chambers are divided, the compressor chamber 41 and the rear chamber or Room 42.

A nipple 43 on the model of the compressor chamber 41 connects one of the Air hoses 5 and 26 with the compressor chamber. Near the top of the cylinder there is an air port 45 positioned to face the compressor chamber 41 connects to the atmosphere as soon as the piston is in its end position 46 aii one Has reached a turning point. The compressor chamber is filled with air in this way lt and assumes the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. Near the bottom of the compressor chamber a one-way inlet valve 47 is arranged. The valve, which is preferably adjustable is, has an inlet opening 48 in its wall, and the wall forms one Seat for a ball 49. which by a spring 50 against the seat mentioned: tedrüekt is so prevented that the air u'i rd, iii penetrate the chamber, be it deitit that there is a negative pressure in it. At and around the lower turning point 53 of the piston 33 is a circuit or a recess in the cylindrical wall 35 54 provided. which the compressor chamber 41 with the rear chamber 42, which through the opening 45 is in communication with the atmosphere. connected.

To regulate the speed by the compressor at constant speed of the piston 33 ge delivered air volume and pressure to enable lichen, An air vent 56 is provided in the bottom part of the cylinder so that the air can pass through the same can escape instead of into the air bubbles 2 or into the pressure bottle 15 to be pressed.

The air discharge can be regulated by the screw 57 so that the amount of escaping air by suitably setting the screw 57 ge can be controlled. Optionally, the air outlet can also be through a plate, which the air outlet covers more or less, can be controlled.

Equivalent versions of this device are available to those skilled in the art be known.

When using the device described before the belt @ laced around the patient's chest and the face mask @@ with the help of the straps 10 drawn around the patient's nose and mouth. Inhalation gas is supplied from the vessel 18 in the bladder 14 is directed, and the drive means for the crankshaft 37 is started, so that the pistons 33 in their compressors 31 and

32 perform a reciprocating motion.

Preferably, the device is put into operation that first the chest is compressed, i.e. initially the compressor 31 becomes his Compression stroke caused so that the air bubbles 2 are filled with air and the Squeeze your chest, which also squeezes your lungs together so that a Inevitable exhalation through the valve 12 of the mask 11 takes place. Once the Piston 33 has reached its lower turning point 53, the pressure in the air bubbles 2 via the hose 5, the compressor chamber 41, the recess 54, the rear chamber 42 and opening 45 drained. The piston then moves in the opposite direction Direction, and a vacuum is formed in chamber 41, causing atmospheric air is to open the valve 47 and enter the chamber 41 one by one. In In the upper turning position, the piston 33 releases the opening 45 to the chamber 41, so that the pressure in it becomes equal to that of the surrounding atmosphere, and a new work cycle can start.

Performs during the reverse stroke of the piston from the compressor 31 the piston from compressor 32 has its compression stroke after the compressor chamber 41 of the latter compressor has been filled with air in the same way is, as described with reference to compressor 31, on the compression stroke air is pressed into the vessel 15 through the air hose 26 and the nipple 25. The bladder 14, which during a previous suction stroke of the piston of the vessel 18 was automatically filled with inhalation gas, is now through the compressor air compressed, and the inhalation gas is through the hose 13 into the mask 11 and from there pressed into the patient's air tubes, thereby actively inhaling comes about. At the end of the positive stroke of the piston 33 from the compressor 32 stands the chamber 41 with the atmosphere via the recess 54, the chamber 42 and the opening 45 in connection; thereby the pressure in the vessel 15 is released, so that the Bladder 14 can now be filled with inhalation gas from the vessel 18 as soon as the piston 33 makes its reverse stroke. The gas pressure is usually used to Filling the bladder may be sufficient, however, if desired, the vacuum, which can be created in chamber 41 and vessel 15 during the retrograde stroke of the piston, make filling it easier. This vacuum can also be complete or partial Filling the bladder with atmospheric air can be used by opening the suction valve 28 sets correctly and / or the vacuum in chamber 41 through inlet valve 47 regulates appropriately. At a certain value, the vacuum in chamber 41 causes the Opening the valve 47 and allowing air to enter the chamber, the pressure of which lasts End is balanced as soon as the piston opens the opening 45. A work cycle is now complete and a new one can begin.

In Fig. 3, an embodiment is shown in which only one single compressor cylinder 61 instead of the two cylinders just described 31 and 32 is used. The compressor cylinder 61 includes a piston 62, the on one passing through a packing 65 in the end wall 64 of the cylinder Piston rod 63 is fastened @. Drive means of a suitable type, as described by reference 1 and 2, cause the reciprocating motion of the piston rod 63 and the piston 62 in the cylinder of the compressor. On one At the end of the cylinder there is a nipple 43 on which a sleeve 44 of Air hose 5 of the inflatable bladders 2 can be connected, and on the other At the end of the cylinder a nipple 43, on which the air hose is similarly 26 of the pressure vessel 15 can be connected.

The piston 62 divides the compressor cylinder into two chambers, from which one, 70th with the air bubbles, the other, 71, with the pressure vessel 15 in Connection. The chamber 70 has an inlet valve 47 as referred to on Fig. 2 was described to allow air under the suction stroke of the piston into the chamber to let enter.

Both chambers have near their bottoms air outlets 56, which through Screws 57 are adjustable and were intended for the purpose described.

To establish the connection between the chambers 70, 71 and the surrounding atmosphere are recesses 54, 81 and 55, 82 at each end of the cylinder advanced near the turning points of the piston. The recesses 54 and 81 work together with a radial bore 72 in the cylinder surface of the piston, which Bore with an axial channel 74 in the piston and the piston rod 63 in connection stands, and this channel leads through an opening 78 to the atmosphere outside of the cylinder wall 64, even when the piston is in its innermost position is located. The recesses 55 and 82 work in similar way together with a bore 73 which extends radially in the piston till 11 its opening has the same on the cylindrical lateral surface, preferably also axially of the bore 72 protrudes.

The bore 73 is with the axial channel 75 and the opening 79 outside the wall 64 in connection.

This arrangement of the paths leading to the atmosphere makes the Pressures in the chambers 70 and 71 are regulated completely independently of one another, whereby Pressure waves from one chamber to another are avoided. If such a Independence is not essential, the bores 72 and 73 can share a common axial channel 74 and 75 have. The overpressure in one chamber can then through the negative pressure of the other chamber can be equalized. With a modification this Method only needs one recess at each end of the cylinder and only one Bore 72 and 73 are arranged to operate both chambers at the same time.

In operation, the piston 62 is in the cylinder 61 by any suitable means acting on the piston rod 63 moves back and forth, whereby at the same time a compression stroke in one chamber of the cylinder and in the other Chamber a suction stroke is carried out. It is assumed that the piston first moved to the left and compresses the air in chamber 70 so that it passes through the tube 5 enters the inflatable bladders 2 and the patient's chest squeezes, causing exhalation to take place while excess air passes through the air outlet 56 escapes. As soon as the piston 62 reaches its end position 68, it stops the chamber 70 with the atmosphere via the recess 54, the bore 72, the channel 74 and the opening 78 in communication, and the pressure in the bladders 2 then suddenly becomes drained, which means that breathing can take place, initially through the normal extension the chest and then through the inevitable action of the breathing device, if the piston 62 moves to the right. Before, however, the piston (32 to its retrograde Ilub starts, he has air through the opening 79, the channel 75, the hole 73 uitd the recess 82 iii let the chamber 1 @ enter, so that the pressure therein with With respect to the atmospheric pressure is balanced. During the retrograde stroke air is drawn into chamber 70 through inlet valve 47 while the air is in the chamber 71 is compressed and enters the container 15 through the hose 26, to induce an artificial inevitable inhalation effect there, like her has been described with reference to FIG.

The pressure can be regulated by screw 57. Once the Piston 62 has reached its right end position 69, bring the holes made therein and channels the chamber 71 in communication with the atmosphere via the recess 55, and at the same time, the chamber 70 enters into the atmosphere via the recess 81 Connection so that the pressures in these two chambers as well as in the vessel 15 are equal to atmospheric pressure. When the piston 62 moves to the left, he brings about in chamber 71 and in the vessel 15 a vacuum, which the filling of the Bladder 14 prompts for the next stage of inhalation. At the same time the air bubbles are 2 is filled with air by the advancing piston 62.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 also has a single compressor cylinder 61, which by the piston 33 in two cylinder chambers 70 and 71 is divided. The piston 33 is in the cylinder by the action moved back and forth by means, which by means of bolts 85 on the piston rod 86 articulated lever 84 are indicated. In this case the piston rod extends 86 on both sides of the piston 33 and passes through both cylinder end walls 64 through packs 65 mounted therein. If desired, the piston rod can 86 consist of two separate rods, one on each side of the piston and on attached to it by any suitable means. As in the one shown in FIG Embodiment, nipples 43 are arranged at each end of the cylinder, of which one the chamber 70 via the tube 5 with the inflatable bladders 2, the other the chamber 71 connects via the hose 26 to the pressure vessel 15, as above has been described. To establish a connection between each of the chambers 70 and 71 and the surrounding atmosphere are in the end positions 68 and 69 of the piston Recesses 87 are provided on the surface of the piston rod 86. These cutouts have such an axial length that they extend on either side of the end walls 64 extend. when the piston is in its end positions, creating a connection is established between the corresponding chamber and the surrounding atmosphere.

This breathing device described above can basically do so operate as described with reference to FIG. You can also use air vents 56 and an air inlet valve 47 can be provided for the purposes explained, wherein it goes without saying that in the described embodiments such Air outlets or inlet valves optionally on the hoses 5 and 26 or on the inflatable bladders 2 or the vessel 15 can be arranged.

An optional construction for regulating compression is in FIGS. 4 to 6 are shown. The piston rod 86 is designed in the form of a tube. and a smaller tube 88 is pulled into it just to fit, so that practically none Air can pass between the tubes. The tube 88 has a longitudinal slot 89, which is arranged inside the cylinder. when the piston is in its innermost Location is located. Radial openings 90 are in the piston tube 86 within the cross-sectional zone of the slot 89 is provided, radially and axially apart, so that the slot 89 with drchung the tube 88 by means of a handwheel 91 with only one of the openings 90 at the same time deekt or completely closed will. so that the connection to the atmosphere take place at different piston positions can. The axial length of these openings should be less than the thickness of the End wall 64 so that there is no communication between the chamber and the atmosphere, when the opening in question just goes through the wall.

This arrangement allows the active stroke length and thus the stroke volume changed and the compression postponed to later. D @@ through can then also the time between final breathing @ and the exhalation phase can be changed.

It goes without saying that if only one of the described active Breathing phases is desired, the others can be omitted.

Claims (12)

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E: @. Double acting respirator with means for compressing the chest, characterized by an inflatable Bladder. Inhalation means, a compressor, walls in the mentioned compressor, which delimit two compressor chambers, separate gas lines, which the one mentioned inflatable bladder and the aforementioned inhalants, each with one of the aforementioned Connect compressor chambers, a movable wall in each of the mentioned chambers, which wall is so designed. that as they move, the volume of each chamber is periodically increased or decreased, the aforementioned movable walls are connected to one another in such a way that the volume of one chamber increases when the Volume of the other chamber decreases and vice versa. 2 breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mentioned compressor comprises two cylinder chambers, further a gas outlet in each Chamber leading to the mentioned inflatable bladder or to the mentioned inhalation means to lead. Piston means, which move back and forth in each chamber, on the outlet of the same move to and from the same, the piston means of the one of the aforementioned Chambers are arranged so that they are on their outlet to or from the same move away when the piston means of the other of the mentioned chambers move away from the To move the outlet of the mentioned other chamber away or towards the same. 3. Breathing device according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the mentioned cylinder chambers has an adjustable air outlet. 4. Respiratory device according to claim 2, characterized by cylindrical Walls that form two separate compressor cylinders and two separate pistons, one for each cylinder, one piston rod attached to each piston, one gas outlet at one end of each cylinder and drive means for said piston rods, these means being arranged so that the pistons are in opposite directions be moved with respect to the corresponding gas outlets. 5. Breathing device according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one of the cylinders contains a piston which plunges the cylinder into a compressor chamber and a rear chamber divided, the cylinder having a recess in the cylindrical Has wall near the end of the cylinder on which the gas outlet is arranged is and the recess mentioned is designed so that it is limited to a Part of the piston path has a channel for connecting the aforementioned compressor chamber the mentioned rear chamber forms. 6. Breathing device according to claim 2, characterized by a cylindrical Wall and transverse walls at the end, which form a compressor cylinder, on one At the end of the mentioned cylinder there is an outlet which leads to the mentioned inflatable bladder is connected and at the other end of the cylinder an outlet to the mentioned Inhalation means is connected, a movable in the mentioned cylinder Piston, a piston rod connected to the aforementioned piston, which is practical passes airtight through one of the end walls mentioned, two separate longitudinal channels in the mentioned piston rod, which open outside the mentioned end wall, two separate radial bores in the piston mentioned, each with one of the mentioned channels are in communication and are located at radially spaced Open points on the peripheral surface of the piston. Recesses in the mentioned cylindrical wall, which is with cover the above-mentioned points, if the piston approximately in each of the mentioned End positions is. 7 breathing device according to claim 2, characterized by a cylindrical Wall and transverse walls at the ends, which form a compressor cylinder, at one end of said cylinder an outlet which leads to said inflatable Bladder is connected and at the other end of the cylinder an outlet that leads to the mentioned inhalation means is connected, a piston, which is between moves to and fro the end positions near each end of the mentioned cylinder, a piston rod, which is connected to the mentioned flask and practically airtight by both the mentioned end walls and recesses in the mentioned piston rod, which connect the inside of the mentioned cylinder with the outside of the same, if the piston is practically in the end positions mentioned. 8. Breathing device according to claim 2, characterized by a cylindrical Wall and transverse walls at the ends, which one Compressor cylinder form, at one end of the mentioned cylinder an outlet which leads to the mentioned inflatable bladder is attached. and at the other end of the cylinder a failure which is connected to the mentioned inhalation means, a piston that is in the mentioned cylinder between the end positions near each end of the mentioned cylinder moved back and forth, a piston rod connected to the mentioned piston. Which passes practically airtight through one of the end walls mentioned, at least an axial channel in said piston rod, an outer opening which the mentioned channel with the exterior of the mentioned cylinder and at least an inner opening which connects the mentioned channel with the interior of the mentioned cylinder at one point on the surface of the mentioned piston rod within the mentioned Cylinder connects when the piston is in its distant end position, 9. Breathing device arrangement, characterized by pressure-actuated breathing means, a compressor, a cylindrical wall and a transverse wall in the aforementioned Compressor, thereby forming a compressor cylinder, an outlet near the mentioned end wall, which is connected to the mentioned breathing means, one Piston, which moves back and forth in the mentioned cylinder, one with the piston rod connected to said piston, which passes through said end wall, at least one axial channel in the mentioned piston rod, an outer opening, which connects the mentioned channel with the exterior of the mentioned cylinder, and at least one inner opening, which connects the mentioned channel with the interior of the selected Cylinder at a point on the surface of the piston rod mentioned within the mentioned cylinder connects when the piston is in its distant end position is located. 10. Breathing device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by means to close the mentioned channel. 11. Breathing device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by several axial channels which are at axially viiiicinriider spaced points open inside the mentioned cylinder. 12. Breathing device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that that the aforementioned piston rod has a cylindrical axial channel, a tube, which is precisely fitted in the mentioned channel and rotatable therein, an elongated Slot in the mentioned tube and radial openings in the mentioned piston rod has, which are located at a radial and axial distance from each other and so are arranged that there is only one opening when rotating the tube mentioned with the mentioned slot covers.