DE817339C - Knitting machine and knitted fabric made on it - Google Patents

Description

Knitting machine and knitted fabric produced thereon The invention relates to on knitting machines, in particular on an improved and special closed, fully automatic stocking machine with fine division, the one single Fontur, d. H. a single working head, the regular or machined in shape Stockings with lengths knitted one after the other and complete heel and Foot parts as flat stocking blanks or raw stockings, in the following as stockings designated, manufactures.

According to the invention, the stocking knitting machine has a single one Head with a curved needle bed movable in a vertical direction, the with a fixed, arcuate row of hook needles is provided.

It is advantageous if the needle bed movable in the vertical direction is circular and on a piece of arch with the row of hook needles attached to it is busy.

To work with these needles for the purpose of stitch formation the machine must be operable with an arcuate row of dinvels Devices and be provided with means that some of these devices, e.g. B. every second, press in succession to feed the yarn between spaced needles to bring as well as other means, the one simultaneous actuation All of these devices have the effect of ensuring that the yarn is equal to everyone Time-working needles being dragged around, an activity commonly called handing out is known. To simplify the following description, these devices are called circuit boards called.

The loops must of course be distributed evenly around the needles be dragged around. As a result, when operating the boards at the same time when distributing the influence be similar, d. H. the size of the in radial Direction of inward and outward movements of the sinkers in question must be the same as far as practically possible. To do this, it is advantageous to use individually movable actuators that serve to the movements imparted to them by actuating means movable in a vertical direction to be transferred horizontally onto the boards. These actuators are best designed as an appropriately rotatably arranged angle lever.

For successive actuation of at a distance from one another arranged boards ,, z. B. every other board, can in an advantageous manner individually movable members, such as rocker arms, are provided which operated one after the other by moving locks, which are arranged concentrically to the machine axis.

The improved machine must also have a number of independent hook presses one for each needle, grouped in an arcuate row are arranged. One of the presses in each group is designed in such a way that they cooperates with suitable locking devices and their movements on the other presses in the group. In this way it becomes a sufficiently uniform All presses are actuated by a lock that moves back and forth achieved, which is also arranged concentrically to the machine axis.

It is advantageous if the boards are arranged one above the other, arcuate supports provided with radial grooves are arranged, of which the upper also serves to accommodate the presses. With regard to the impossibility with fine division in one and the same arch-shaped carrier, separate radial grooves to provide for the sinkers and the presses, the problem was solved so that in grooves of a width have been milled into the upper beam to accommodate Pressing is sufficient that has milled slots that accommodate the upper edges of the blanks. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, one side of the press at this point provided with a step so that the tapered part of each press one side wall of the groove for the associated board forms, while the other side this groove is formed by the corresponding side wall of the radial groove, in which the press is arranged. The one with an arched and firmly arranged on it Row of needles provided needle bed is immovable in the direction of rotation; the intended, individually operable thread guides, on the other hand, can be changed to a variable extent around the machine axis are moved, depending on how this movement is carried out by suitably controlled, stops that can be pivoted about the machine axis are also limited. This type not only takes into account the need to arrange thread guide rails, which, like a machine with a straight needle bar, over the ends of the needle bar protrude, but also enables a compact arrangement of the control devices for the thread guide stops on the back of the machine.

For losing weight and gaining weight in making a regular Stocking lane is a for cooperation with the mentioned thread guide stops Device provided that provides groups of needles which are attached to each other opposite ends of the arc-shaped row of needles are arranged and serve to take knitted stitches from the associated needles and move them sideways Displacement and, at the same time, associated vertical movement of the needle bar reveals on other needles. These needles are made flexible so that they can be bent over the needle hook during the uncovering process.

The machine head also includes an automatically operating device for the production of the stocking edge, which is preferably used with an auxiliary device Production of picot rows is united. Best of all show these united bodies an annular bed arranged concentrically to the machine axis, of which a segment part with radial grooves for receiving an arcuate row is provided by mesh holding devices. Some of these devices that are used to manufacture the Edge serve, consist of a pair of related elements, and these pairs alternate with individual devices that are used to uncover circuit board meshes serve to produce picot rows. The ones intended for the different purposes Devices can be operated independently of one another with suitable control.

The needle bed preferably consists of the segment part of a horizontal one arranged ring or ring piece. The various Devices, which are provided in addition to the needles, in corresponding parts or segments provided, with 'the general design and arrangement behind these ring pieces or elbows, enough space to attach and secure these parts left on the main frame of the machine.

At the moment, stockings of the type in question are mostly on multi-fountain or multi-head stocking knitting machines have been made that make about 2.4 webs at a time can produce. With such a multi-head naschitie, the knitting processes are verden at executed simultaneously for the individual heads, and certain ones common to all heads Devices are controlled by a control device located at the extreme end of the machine controlled. In the event of temperature fluctuations, the long support rails for the various parts of a multi-head machine, which occasionally results in an inaccurate Work of the interacting devices results.

In addition, in a multi-head machine, all of the heads must shut down if one needs to be checked and adjusted. To this and To avoid other disadvantages, single head machines are desirable. But you have So far, single-head machines have only been constructed with straight rails, the considerable Take up space. Correspondingly, when a larger number is used, there is a result von Einkopfmaschine.n with arcuate needle beds according to the present invention Invention a considerable space saving. This is possible because the improved X machine is built around a central axis.

The drawing shows a single-head stocking knitting machine with the previously described and other features according to the invention, namely, FIGS. I and i A show a vertical section through the machine head; the log-shaped needle bed, ie with the upper part of the machine head removed, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the uncovering head for removing and increasing, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one of the thread guides working with reciprocating motion and its actuating devices, 5 is a plan view of the upper part of the '-Trichine with the inner and outer thread guide stops, FIG. 5A is a side view with partial sections of the parts shown in FIG working hook presses and the devices used to actuate the sinkers, FIGS. 7, 8 and g side views of the sinkers and their r actuating devices in different working stages, FIG. 10 a partial top view of the lock devices by which the presses are operated in groups, FIG Part of the bed for the sinkers and presses, Fig. 13 to 2.4 are schematic views of the different positions of the needles and the associated devices during the production of an edge, Fig te zii shows the needles and sinkers at the beginning of the edge production and in which the picot devices are in the inactive position, FIGS. 26 to 28 show further views similar to those of FIGS. 13 to 24, which illustrate the production of a row of picots, FIG. 29 a partial section which illustrates the actuation devices for the stitch holder and picot devices, and FIG. 3 0 a complete picot-edged garter sheet made in accordance with the invention. The same parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all drawings. The needle bed The needle bed i is ring-shaped (see Fig. 2) and, as can be seen from Fig The grooves are denoted by 4 and the bores are denoted by 5, and the needles are arranged in the manner customary in stocking knitting machines with straight rails. To secure the needles in the bed, as can again be seen from FIG. 1, a band 6 is provided, which is placed over the front sides of the needle shafts and is held at its ends by tensioning and fastening devices (not shown).

The needle bed is concentric to the vertical machine axis d arranged and can be moved up and down to the hook needles 3- @ the for to give the necessary movements to the knitting process. The lower part of the needle bed i forming ring is mounted apf'einem support ring 7, held and secured. Of the Support ring is provided with a recess 8 (Fig. I), so that an annular shoulder 9 arises, which keeps the needle bed concentric to the support ring and a contact surface represents for the bed. The ring 7 also has one near the front the machine on a downwardly extending approach io, in which the upper end of a vertical pin i i is attached to the needle bed i stops and actuates. Devices to be described later are provided which act on this pin to achieve the desired vertical movements of the needle bed to evoke. At a point diametrically opposite the pin is a vertical guide rail 12 (Fig. i A) arranged against the sides of a Roller pair 13, 14 applies, which is arranged on the support ring 7, adjustable Bock 15 is held. To adjust the bracket 15 two screws 16 are provided, which, as can be seen more clearly from Fig. i A, in downward approaches of the support ring 7 are arranged and put their ends against the bracket. The purpose of this device is to keep the needle bed exactly concentric to the machine axis a. The holding and actuating pin i i extends through in the axial direction spaced from one another bearing bushes 18, which in a Support arm i9 provided are. The support arm has end faces 20, of which the upper one serves as a stop for a purpose to be described later.

Spreading and knitting to work with the hook needles 3 an arcuately arranged row of boards 21 is provided, namely one Board for each needle, of which every second, 21d (see Fig. I i and 25), as a distribution board is working. The sinkers are in two radial grooves, one above the other and beds 22 and 23 arranged perpendicular to the machine axis. Any of these Distribution boards 21 and 21d can either be of the usual type with a be provided individual throat for stitch formation or, as shown is to be designed as a split plate with two grooves. On the sides everyone Board reinforcement pieces 24 (see Fig. I) are attached. Also, each board has two downwardly projecting, spaced apart feet 25 which work with an actuator 26 together so that the board the required radial movements are granted.

As if from a coward. 1, 6, 7, 8 and 9 can be seen, the actuating devices 26 are designed as angled levers and have a semicircular incision 27, which serves as a fulcrum. The angle levers 26 have approximately spherical ends 28 and 29 which work together with parallel working surfaces. The spherical end 29 of the vertical lever arm engages in the recess formed by the feet 25 of the associated board, while the spherical end 28 of the inwardly directed horizontal arm protrudes between the working surfaces of the lock to be described later. On both sides of the vertical arm of each angle lever 26 thin plates 30 are attached, which are wider than the recess provided between the feet 25, so that they enclose the feet on both sides and thus secure the engagement of the angle lever 26 with the plates 21 in the lateral direction. The semicircular recesses> 7 forming the fulcrum of the angle levers 26 sit on a protruding edge 31 of the ring 32 (see FIG. I), which is correspondingly shaped in cross section, so that the angle levers can perform tilting movements. To secure the engagement of the angle levers 26 with the protruding edge 31, a ring 33 with grooves 33 ° is provided, into which the angle levers 26 protrude with a part shaped concentrically to the recess 27 and the base of which extends tangentially with respect to these concentrically shaped parts. Both the one-piece ring 32 with the protruding edge 31 and the ring 33 provided with grooves are fastened to the machine bed 34. All angle levers 26 are operated together in order to obtain radial movements of the sinkers 21 and 21b at the same time.

To culate, ie to insert the yarn between every second needle 3 for the first time, every second sinker 21 is actuated by rocking levers 35 which are rotatably arranged on a circular, curved rib 36 (see FIG. 2) of a rocking lever support ring 37. The ring 37 has above the sinkers grooves 38 in which the levers engage. Each rocker arm 35 has a hook-shaped part at its upper end which engages around the curved rib 36. The effective end 4o of each rocker arm 35 is directed inwards and touches the rear ends 41 of the plates 21. To operate the rocker arm 35, a lock. 42 (see Fig. I) is provided on a lock ring 43 moving back and forth, which acts one after the other on the rocker arm, namely at a point in the vicinity of the part of the rocker arm 35 which engages in the grooves 38 of the rocker arm support ring 37. In order to keep the hook-shaped parts 39 of the rocker arms 35 in engagement with the curved rib 36, a ring part .4.4 is provided, the lower surface 45 of which touches the outer circular edge 41 of the hook-shaped part 39 tangentially. Independent presses The machine has a number of independent hook presses 47, one press for each needle, which are stored in the upper sinker bed 23. For this purpose, each press 47 is tapered stepped on one side at 48, so that, as shown in Fig. 12 it can be seen a groove 49 of lesser width than the groove 50 for the press for receiving the upper edge of the associated plate 21 or 21d releases. This design makes it possible to operate the blanks and the presses independently of one another. Each press 47 has at its operative end a portion 51 suitably shaped for contact with the needle hooks. Incidentally, two types of presses are provided, namely one with an upwardly directed foot 52 arranged on the upper edge of the press body and another with a smooth upper edge 53. At the outer end each press provided with feet has a longitudinally split, originally rearwardly directed approach 54, the two parts 55 and 56 of which are bent like a tail at right angles to both sides (see Fig. 6). Each ungled press has an open vertical slot 57 near its outer end. The presses are, as can be seen from Fig. 6, io and ii, arranged in a row, preferably in groups of three, in each of which a press with a foot and two presses without feet are provided, which are arranged on both sides of the former. The laterally bent tail parts 55 and 56 engage in the vertical slots 57 of the other presses. This arrangement ensures that all three presses of a group are moved together when the upwardly directed foot 52 of the central press is actuated. Storage of the blanks and presses The lower bed 22, which is ring-shaped. has a concentric, downwardly directed annular shoulder 58 (see FIG. i) which fits into a deep recess in the upwardly directed part 59 of the machine bed 34 and is connected to it by screws 6o. A Se gnientteil 61 of the upper horizontal surface of the lower sinker bed 22 is, as can be seen from Fig. 2, provided with radial grooves 62 in which the lower edges of the sinkers 21 and 21d are arranged. The upper sinker bed 23, which also receives the presses 47 and is therefore referred to as the sinker press bed for the sake of simplicity, is also annular, and a segment part of its lower horizontal surface is provided with radial grooves 5o for the presses (see FIG. I2). The width of these grooves corresponds to the thickness of the presses 47. The tapered part 48 of each press 47 therefore forms the one and a narrower groove 49 for the upper edge of the delicate plate, as has already been described, while the opposite wall of this groove is formed by the corresponding side of the groove 5o in which the press 47 is arranged. The upper surface of the blanking press strip 23 has an annular recess 63 (see FIG. 12), the bottom of which is turned deeper again at 64, so that the radial grooves 50 are exposed. In this annular recess of the blanking press bed 23 a press-actuating lock system is built, which consists of concentrically arranged lock rings 65 and 66, which, as can be seen from Fig. 10, leave a path for the feet 52 between them. These lock rings are attached to the underside of a support ring 68 (see Fig. I), which is also arranged in the recess. The lock system is used for a limited reciprocating movement of the presses in the blanking press bed 23. The opposite edges of the lock rings 65 and 66 - have rows of saw teeth 65 ° and 66 ° cut in opposite directions, which on the upward through the exposed radial grooves 5o Acting protruding feet 52 of the presses when the lock system is moved back and forth, and thereby give the presses 47 the necessary longitudinal movements. each pair of opposing saw teeth 65 °, 66 ° acts on a press foot 52 and consequently actuates three presses 47 together, as can be seen from FIG. Since three presses are operated by just one foot, the pitch of the saw teeth can correspond to a group of presses, so that when the lock system moves back and forth, there is a sufficient length of lock surface to provide the required longitudinal movement. In order to keep the lock system for the presses within the recess 63 of the blanking press bed 23, an annular cover plate 69 is attached to this bed. The lower sinker bed 22 and the sinker press bed 23 are set in the axial direction by a segment-shaped spacer and holding piece 7 o (see FIG. I A) which is provided between the non-grooved parts of these beds on the rear of the machine kept exactly concentric. The annular cover plate 69 is provided on its outer edge with a recess into which the rocker arm support ring 37 is let. The rocker arm support ring 44 is inserted into an inner recess provided on the upper side of the rocker arm support ring 37. Both rings are screwed to the annular cover plate 69 by means of bolts 71, while the cover plate in turn is fastened to the blanking press bed 23 by means of bolts 72.

An annular housing 74 for the rocker arm lock ring 43 is held on the machine bed 34 by means of the support columns 73 (see FIG. I). On top of this housing sits an annular casting 75 on which the carrier for the thread guide stops lie. This cast piece has a step-like recess 76 on its inner edge, on which segment-shaped support plates 77 for holding the row of rings 69, 37 and 44 attached to the blanking press bed 23 lie one above the other. each support plate 77 has a rib on its underside at 78 which slides between the casting 75 and the rocker arm retaining ring 44. The support plates are screwed to these two parts by means of bolts 79 in order to achieve sufficient fastening of the blanking press bed 23 and the associated parts. Operation of the rocker arm lock ring The reciprocating movements of the rocker arm lock ring 43 are caused by suitable gears, which consist of a ring gear arranged on the ring 43, a spur gear .8o, a shaft 81 and a bevel gear 82 (see Fig. I A). These parts are driven by a continuously rotating shaft, not shown, via any suitable device which converts the rotary movement into a reciprocating movement. During the uncovering process to be carried out when taking off and on, this device is shut down and, for this purpose, is temporarily switched off by the main control device. Garnzufihrungseinrichtungen The machine is equipped with a larger number, in the example shown with eight independently operable thread guides 83 (see Fig. I and 4), five of which are provided for the supply of base yarn for the normal knitting process and three for reinforcement yarn. These thread guides 83 can be pivoted about the machine axis a. The upper ends 84 of these thread guides 83 lie one above the other, and from them the thread guides extend first outwards and then downwards. At the lower end 85 of each thread guide an inwardly inclined feed element 86 is adjustably attached, which inserts the yarn into the sinker grooves. The downwardly directed parts of the thread guides 83 are arranged at an ever greater distance from the machine axis a, and the carrier closest to the axis a lies with its upper, horizontal end 84 at the bottom, while the other thread guides, one after the other, above it are arranged. As a result, the thread guides can be moved back and forth independently of one another, and the feed elements 86 and the yarns fed through them do not interfere with one another. The upper ends 84 of the thread guides have gears 8 @ on their underside, from which hollow shafts 88 extend. The hollow shafts, which have different diameters and are guided one inside the other, are divided into two groups, of which the downwardly directed group is supported in the upper end of a stationary central shaft 89, while the upwardly directed group is similarly mounted in the hub of one above the fixed axis arranged bearing block 9o (see Fig. i A) is mounted. The toothed wheels 87 with the ends 84 of the thread guides 83 attached to them are thus located in a row between the axis 89 and the bearing block 9o. With these toothed wheels 87 mesh with toothed segments 91 which, when they are set in reciprocating motion, impart the same movement to the toothed wheels. These tooth segments are also arranged one above the other in the corresponding horizontal planes of the associated gears 87 and are held in the correct position by spacers 92. Like the upper ends 84 of the thread guides, these spacers have thread guide slots 93. Hardened pins 94, which extend transversely through the slots 93, guide the yarn and hold it within the slots during the reciprocating movements of the thread guides. In order that certain yarns are fed to the needles in each case, the thread guides 83 can be operated optionally by operating certain toothed segments 9i. For this purpose, a V-shaped selector lever 95 is provided which, as can be seen from FIG. 4, has inwardly curved effective ends 96 and can be set in one of the horizontal planes in which the toothed segments are located. The inwardly curved effective ends 96 act on the two side edges of the rotatably mounted lever arms 97 of the toothed segments 9i. If the selector lever 95 is set in the plane of a certain toothed segment and moved back and forth by means to be described later, it first acts on one and then on the other side of the corresponding toothed segment 9i and thereby transmits its movement to this toothed segment and accordingly also on the associated thread guide 83, so that it is pivoted first in one direction and then in the other. The distance between the inwardly curved ends 96 of the V-shaped selector lever 95 is so great; that the lever 95 can be adjusted from a central neutral position in any other plane without touching the segment gear arms 97, even if they are in their extreme right or left position. The selector lever 95 has a longer vertical hub 98 which is bulged at its ends and which is slidably mounted on a stationary vertical axis 99 serving as a pivot for the lever. This axis is fastened with its lower end in the upper machine frame and with its upper end in the bearing block 9o. At the rear end of the V-shaped lever 95 a vertical actuating rod ioi is attached, the upper end of which is connected to the upper end of the hub 98 by means of a connecting piece 102 (see FIG. 1 A). The rod ioi continuously engages in the fork of a lever 103 (see FIG. 4), which is set in reciprocating motion by a control lever, not shown, via a linkage 104. As a result of the arrangement of two springs io5 and two adjusting rings io6 on the linkage io4, the connection between the linkage 104 and the lever 103 is flexible, so that even if the linkage io4 executes a certain movement in each direction, the deflections of the thread guides', " Device for producing the edge and rows of picots This device comprises, as can be seen from FIGS The edge picot bed 107 is attached to a supporting and holding part of a cast piece which in turn sits on the central axis 89 of the machine head. 25) that work together Devices iii are provided in the intermediate grooves for uncovering circuit board meshes. The devices i io and iii have upwardly directed feet 112 and 113, with which actuating elements 114 and ii 5 work together, and indeed one element 114 each for a device pair i io and one element 115 for each device i i i. The actuating elements 114 and 115 are rotatably mounted at 116. Their lower ends are bifurcated for engagement with feet 112 and 113, while the upper ends are suitably designed for engagement with vertically movable locks which pivot the elements to provide horizontal movement for devices i, io and iii To give. The actuating elements 114 and 115, which alternate in the edge picot bed, are moreover designed differently, namely their front ends are arranged at different heights.

The tilting bearing 116, which engages in a corresponding circular recess 117 of the elements 114 and 15, consists of a circular, curved rib in cross section, which is arranged on the casting iog. In order to keep the devices i io and iii down and the elements 114 and 115 in their operative position, these elements have protruding parts 118 which engage with a circular cross-section area i i9 provided concentrically to the lip 116. A partially grooved ring 12o is arranged on the casting log, in which the elements 114 and 113 are guided so that they remain in engagement with the devices i io and iii. The lower end of the casting log sits in an annular recess in the edge picot bed 107.

The already mentioned means for influencing the actuating elements, which can be moved in the vertical direction, consist of two pairs of rings which are arranged at a distance from one another and which lie in different hells. Thus, the spherical ends 121 of the elements 114 engage between rings 122 and 123 which are fastened to the flange of a socket 124 by screws 125. This sleeve is provided with a slot which receives a roller 126 (see FIG. I A) which is in engagement with a forked part of an angle lever 127. This lever has a pin 128 which engages a slider 130 in the vertical slot 129 which is mounted the Randpicotbettes 107 in a radial slot of the rear portion 131st The slide 13o has a further vertical slot 132 and is operated by a linkage 133 engaging in this slot from the main control means of the machine. As a result of this construction, all of the rim and picot line equipment can be raised and lowered as required while the rod 133 is engaged in the slot 132 without the relationship between the lever 127 and the sleeve 124 being altered. The ends 134 of the elements 15 grip between rings 135 and 136 which are fastened to a ring piece 137 by screws 138. This ring piece sits directly on the vertical central axis 89 of the machine and can be moved up and down by rods from the main control means, independently of the sleeve 124, which is similarly slidably mounted on a sleeve with which the edge picotl ) ett 107 bearing casting 139 ordered from one piece and sitting on the central axis 89 of the machine. Slimming and increasing (uncovering) The purpose of the devices to be described now is to decrease and increase the edge of the stocking sheet at the self-edges in order to give it the desired shape. The device, which for the sake of simplicity is referred to as the uncovering head, has a group of cover needles at each end of the curved row of cooperating knitting devices. These groups 140 and 141 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) are arranged in an arc so that they match the arrangement of the needles 3. The individual needle pins, which are flexible, work with the needle hooks and the front sides. the needle shafts together. The two needle groups can be moved laterally in the direction of one another or away from one another on an arcuate path. Each cover needle is made from a relatively short piece of wire, the operative end of which has inwardly pointed tips in the arc which fits over a needle hook. The opposite end of the cover needle is flattened so that it fits into a groove in a needle carrier and bent inwards at a right angle so that it can be inserted into a bore or slot in the carrier. In the middle, each needle is tapered a little so that it can be bent. The needles of each group are arranged vertically in a grooved arcuate support 142. Outside .ist a retaining plate 143 placed on each carrier, which is fastened by screws 144 =. Above the carrier 142 are two sprockets 143 and 1: 16 arranged one above the other, and one carrier is fastened by means of an extension 147 to an annular projection 148 of the lower gear rim 145, while the other carrier is similarly attached to an annular projection 149 of the upper one Ring gear 146 is connected. The extension of the last-mentioned carrier is designed so that it does not touch the teeth of the lower ring gear 145. With the upper toothed ring 146, which, like the lower toothed ring, is designed as a normal spur gear, a further toothed ring 150 designed as a worm wheel is connected. The two ring gears 145 and 146 are mounted independently of one another on a cylindrical carrier 151, which is fixedly arranged on a hub 152 provided with a flange, in order to carry out step-wise reciprocating movements. This hub is provided with bushings 153 and 154 at its ends and is mounted in the vertical direction on the central axis 89 of the machine head. The cylindrical carrier 151 is prevented from rotating by a vertical linkage 155 (see FIG. I A). This linkage sits with its upper end in the upper machine frame and with its lower end in a boom 156 which is attached to the rear of the carrier 151 and carries a worm 157 which meshes with the worm wheel 150 which is combined with the upper toothed ring 146 stands. In another bearing block 158 arranged on the cylindrical support 151 to the side of the rear arm 156, two pinions 159 and 16o are mounted, one of which meshes with the lower ring gear 145 and the other with the upper ring gear 146. The two pinions are themselves permanently in engagement with one another and are partially offset from one another in the axial direction, so that the intermeshing parts of these pinions are not in engagement with the lower or upper ring gear. As a result, when the toothed ring 146 is moved back and forth in steps by the said worm gear 150, 157, the lower toothed ring 145 is given a corresponding, but opposite, rotational movement. If the arcuate supports 142 for the cover needles are to be moved in opposite directions to one another, namely by one, two or more needle intervals as required, the worm 147 is temporarily rotated in one direction or the other, namely by a ratchet mechanism which in turn is actuated by the main control shaft of the machine via intermediate means. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the worm shaft can be provided with a pinion 162 which meshes with a spur gear 163 arranged on the shaft 164. Seated on the same shaft is a pair of oppositely toothed ratchet wheels 165 and 166 which cooperate with suitably arranged ratchets 167 and 168. Finally, a toothed locking wheel 169 is seated on the shaft 164 and works together with a bolt 170 which is under the action of a spring. The pawls 167 and 168 are mounted on slides 171 and 172 which can be moved independently of one another. On the bearing block 156, not shown in Fig. 3, two lugs 173 and 174 are also provided, each of which work together with one of the pawls in order to guide them precisely during their working strokes and to disengage them when the ratchet wheel is to be rotated in the opposite direction.

Since .the hook needles 3 can only be moved in the vertical direction, it is to enable a cooperation of the cover needles P with the hook needles necessary, a bend taking place in the radial direction inwards and outwards to effect the cover needles relative to the hook needles. To do this, each of the arch-shaped Decknad @ elträger 142 provided at its upper end with pivot pins 175 on which a rocker arm 176 is mounted. This lever has a downward one Arm 177 on, which is with its lower arc-shaped edge 178 against the flexible Part of the cover pins. The rocker arm 176 also has an inwardly directed one Arm 179, which is in contact with the lower edge i8o of an actuating ring 181 stands with a cylindrical guide part mounted in the cylindrical carrier 151 182 of a slightly larger diameter is connected. Said guide part has several arbitrarily arranged incisions 183 in the corresponding cam-like Approaches 184 of a control ring 185 engage. With this type of construction, rotational movements of the control ring 185 of the actuating ring 181 moves up and down and thereby causes appropriate movements of the rocker arm 176 and its in contact with the cover pins standing edge 178, which thereby experience the desired curvature. The type is also designed so that regardless of the amount of lateral movement the arcuate support 142 the contact between the actuating ring 181 and the upper arms 179 of the rocker arm 176 is maintained and thus also the actuation this rocker arm. The actuating ring 181 has a stud screw, not shown which protrudes upward through the zvlindriscben trälzer i-i and with appropriate control means is in connection. The actuating ring 181 is with the Control ring 18.3 held together by means of springs 186, including on these two rings Hooks 187 and 188 are arranged. This way the stitches that are on next will be The needles lying on the self edge sit when losing or gaining weight through joint vertical movements of the needle bed and the Aufdeckkol) fes in connection with a relative to this occurring lateral movement of the arcuate needle carrier 142 and a deflection of the needle groups transferred to other needles, d. H. uncovered. Considered in detail, the uncovering of the? Tabs is as follows in front of you: First, the main control device intervenes to initiate the loading process of the yarn and the knitting process is finished and the uncovering of the threads is initiated. Then the needle bed i and thus the needles are adjusted to a height in which they meet with the cover pins P, which moves downwards and outwards at the same time be bent so that they move in a curved path over the needle hooks and get their tips into the mesh of the needles. After that, that will be Needle bed i and the uncovering head moved downwards together until the knitted stitches are pushed onto the cover pins P. Then the needles are turned out again bent while the needle bed i continues to move downward until the needles take such a deep position that the groups 140 and 141 of the cover pins, if they are free of the sinkers, can be moved sideways, to the extent that until they are in line with the needles that are now on the cover needles are to be revealed. Then the needle bed becomes i again raised, the needles piercing the stitches on the top needles. This upward movement is then followed by the deck head until the needles 3 have reached the tee. Here the needle bed i is stopped, and now only the deck head moves upwards, with the needles at the same time are bent outwards and thereby disengage from the needle hook. The upward movement takes place up to a position in which the cover needles are free of the needle hook are. The normal knitting process is then resumed.

The one in the middle is used to raise and lower the deck head arranged hub 152 provided with a flange has a fork-like extension 189 with a handlebar igo, which operated with one of the main control shaft 218 Rocker arm igi is connected.

Stops for controlling the thread guides As already mentioned, the thread guides 83 work with reciprocating pivoting movements about the axis a of the machine. In order to lose weight and gain weight, it is now necessary to change the angular deflection of these movements. For this purpose, outer thread guide stops are provided in two groups 192 and 193 , which are carried by the annular casting 75, and also inner stops 194 and 195, arranged on the right and left, for the reinforcement thread guides, which are mounted on the underside of the upper machine frame. The outer thread guide stops 192 and 193 consist of screws which are provided on rails 196 and 197 directed radially inward. These rails are attached to two supports 198 and 199 which are arranged so that they can rotate on the circular casting 75 in opposite directions. They are of a thickness sufficient to support rails 196 and 197, while other parts are tapered and stacked so that the rails can be pivoted in so that the groups of outer stops 192 and 193 in this manner are reversed can be moved out of the path of the knitting devices in the direction of one another when preparations have to be made for the production of a new stocking path. The greatest forward movement of the carriers 198 and 199 sets the stop rails 196 and 197 in the position suitable for the narrowest part of the stocking path. It can be seen that by moving the stop rails into certain intermediate positions together with corresponding movements of the cover needles P, the stocking sheet is given its shape. The two brackets 198 and 199 are held in place by a flanged ring 200. This ring has cutouts 201 through which the stop rail 197 protrudes inwards below the carrier 198, while the stop rail 196 lies on the upper side of the carrier 198. A spring 202, which lies in an annular groove 203 of the carrier 199, is connected on the one hand to this carrier 199 and on the other hand to the carrier 198. Of the two carriers carrying the stop rails, one, 198, which has the upper recess, has an upper ratchet ring 204 which extends over a certain angle. In a similar way, the carrier 199 provided with the lower recess has a lower ratchet ring 2o5 which extends over a corresponding angle. The two ring gears 20.1 and 205 are directed in opposite directions, and their pitch corresponds to twice the needle pitch. To adjust the supports 198 and 199 for the stop rails, optionally operable pawls 2o6 and 207 are provided, the stroke of which can be changed and which is either half a tooth, ie corresponding to the needle pitch, or a whole tooth, corresponding to twice the needle pitch. For the cooperation with the pawl 2o6 two locking pawls 208 and 209 are provided, which are arranged at a suitable distance from each other so that when one pawl engages exactly in a tooth 20.1, the other pawl is exactly between two teeth. The pawl 207 is also assigned two locking pawls 210 and 211, which are arranged similarly to the pawls 208 and 209, ie when one pawl engages exactly in a tooth 205 , the other pawl is exactly between two teeth. So if the pawls are operated so that they each perform strokes of half a tooth, the associated locking pawls will alternately lock the corresponding stop rail carrier in the respective positions. If, on the other hand, a pawl carries out a series of joints corresponding to a whole tooth, the same locking pawl will always be in operation, while the other moves freely over the teeth. The two groups of three pawls each are arranged on opposite sides. In addition to the pawls 2o6 and 207 , fixed stops 212 and 213 are provided which, when the stop rail supports 198 and 199 move backwards, come into contact with the pawls and keep them out of engagement with the pawl sprockets 204 and 205 . The pawls 2o6 and 207 are arranged on angle levers 214 and 215 which are actuated from the main control shaft 218 by means of cams 2I9 and 22o, levers 221 and 222 and links 223 and 224. For the backward movement of the two carriers 198 and 199, an arcuate slide 216 is provided, which is provided with cam-like elevations 217, 217 "and 217b, which act on the rear ends of the locking pawls of both groups. All pawls are under the action of springs Slide 216 is also actuated by the control shaft 218 via a group of cams 225, a lever 226, a handlebar 227 and a lever 228 rotatably mounted at 229. The active end 23o of this lever engages in a recess 230 of the slide 216 so that this is moved laterally to different degrees depending on which of the cams 225 is in engagement with the lever 226. Always when the pawls 2o6 and 207 are working, they are removed, while when the stop groups 192 and 193 are to be adjusted to increase, the pawls 2o6 and 207 are brought out of engagement with the ratchet sprockets by abutment against the stops 212 and 213. This external Engaging is achieved by moving cams 219 and 220 to their inoperative positions by means of the control device of the machine. As a result, the locking pawls 208, 209, 210 and 211 are brought into engagement with the ring gears 204 and 205 against the action of the spring 202. If the slide 216 is now moved in stages, the locking pawls 2o8 and 211 are first pulled out of the toothed rims 204 and 205 by the cam-like elevations 217a and 217b, whereby the remaining two locking pawls 209 and 21o are not influenced by the cam-like elevation 217 snap into the gear rims, which have now been adjusted by half a tooth. At the next stage of movement of the slide 216 in the same direction, the locking pawls 2o8 and 211 are released again so that they can again engage in the gear rims 204 and 2o5. Then the pawls 209 and 21o are pulled out of the ring gears 204 and 2o5 at the same time by the raised portion 217c. A continuous two-stage reciprocating movement of the slide 216 thus results in an increase to any desired extent, provided the control means of the machine are provided for this purpose. It should therefore be mentioned again that when the front locking pawls of the two groups are raised in this way, the rear locking pawls are released for engagement with the corresponding sprockets, and vice versa, when the rear locking pawls are removed from the sprockets, the front locking pawls for Engagement in the teeth are released so as to determine the amount of backward strokes. If the slide 216 is completely moved to one side, all the pawls and locking pawls are out of engagement with the ratchet sprockets, so that the stop rail supports can be readjusted. The arrangement could also be made so that the pawls are also actuated and controlled independently of the locking pawls. In any case, the stop surfaces or edges of the two stop rails acting on the outer thread guides must be provided with adjustable steps so that the outer position of the individual thread guides can be changed in relation to one another.

The left and right inner stops 194 and 195 for the reinforcement thread guides are attached to the upper and lower sides of two ratchet wheels 232 and 233 arranged one above the other, from which they extend radially outward. The ratchet wheels 232 and 233 are provided with teeth pointing in opposite directions and are mounted on the outside for forward and backward movements on a hub 234 which is arranged on the upper machine frame concentrically to the machine axis a. Below the ratchet wheels 232 and 233, a cover plate 235 is attached to the hub 234, between the flange 236 and the underside of the lower ratchet wheel 233 a helical spring 237 is arranged, which has one end on the cover plate 235 and after a certain angle of rotation with its other End is attached to the lower ratchet 233. Correspondingly, the upper machine frame 100 has an annular recess on its hub 234, in which a helical spring 238 fastened on the one hand to this hub and on the other hand to the upper ratchet wheel 233 is arranged. The two springs 237 and 238 seek to rotate the ratchet wheels 232 and 233 in opposite directions. Two groups of pawls work together with these ratchet wheels, namely ratchet pawls 239 and 240 and locking pawls 241, 242, 2.43 and 244, which are arranged and operated in a manner similar to the pawls that work together with the carriers 198 and t99 for the outer stop rails. In this case, however, the two locking pawls 239 and 24o, which are arranged in opposite directions, are actuated one after the other and independently of the locking pawls. For this purpose, the pawl levers 245 and 246 are connected via links 247 and 248 to downwardly directed arms 249 and 250 , which are firmly seated on a common shaft 251 controlled in a manner to be described later. The two pairs of locking pawls 2.I1, 242, 243 and 244 working in opposite directions are actuated and controlled by a common arcuate slide 252 which, like the slide 216, is provided with cam-like elevations for acting on the rear ends of the locking pawls.

If the stops 19: I and 195 for the reinforcing thread guides are reset after disengaging all of the pawls in question from the ratchet wheels 232 and 233 by simultaneous backward movement in opposite directions; the reinforcement thread guides are automatically pivoted to the side by the stops and returned to their inoperative position. Since this is not the case with the various thread guides controlled by the outer stops. some suitable means must be provided in order to move these thread guides back into their starting position in which they must be when the knitting of a new stocking strip is started. Arrangement of the needle bed The needle bed 1 and its support ring are arranged in such a way that they can be pivoted out of the machine head when the needle bed has to be checked. This is shown in Figure 2 in dash-dotted lines. For this purpose, the support arm 19 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 253. In its normal position, the needle bed 1 is held against the stationary vertical rail 12 by the contact of the rollers 13 and 14 and is supported by a bearing block 254, which is adjustable on a further block 255 attached to the machine frame, and via a handlebar 256 is connected to a projection 257 arranged on the support arm 19, set exactly concentric to the machine axis A. To pivot the needle bed out of the machine, the link 256 must first be released from the bearing block 251. Then the needle bed is lowered so far that the rollers 13 and 14 free from the vertical rail 12. Control of the needle bed The actuating pin ii which effects the adjustment of the needle bed in the vertical direction and which extends downward from the shoulder 10 of the support ring 7 and passes through the support arm 19 is on its The lower end is connected to rods, which cams o. d are operated and are designed so that they give the needle bed the movements required for the knitting process and for uncovering when removing or increasing.

Control of the sinkers The spherical inner ends 28 of the horizontal Arms of the angle lever 26 used to actuate the plates grip between horizontal ones parallel surfaces 258 and 259 (see Fig. 7 to 9), which on two arcuate rails 26o and 261 are provided. These rails are arranged so that they are vertical Direction can be moved together or independently, depending on the circumstances can. The inner rail 26o has an outwardly directed one at its upper edge Flange 262, the underside of which forms the surface 258, while the upper edge of outer rail 261 forms surface 259. The two rails are on annular Carriers 263 or -. 26d (see Fig. I A) arranged. The upper support 26.1 is on the upper end of a vertical rod 265 attached, which in a in Fig.2 in section tube 266 shown is mounted, at the upper end of which the lower support 263 is arranged. The rod 265 and the tube 266 are mounted in the bearing block 255, The inner support is used to remove the angle lever 26 which actuates the circuit boards 266 raised by hand so far that its outwardly directed flange 262 from the path of the spherical inner ends 28 of the bell crank 26 comes. so this can be rotated backwards around their axis of rotation.

If both lowering and distributing take place, the outer rail 261 automatically adjusted to act as a retaining ring or drop rail works. Control of the presses The support ring 68 for the lock system operating the presses has a not shown approach, which is directed upwards and through a slot provided in the cover plate 69 arranged above it. This approach engages in a slot of one arm of an angle lever while the other arm via a handlebar with a rocker arm provided with a roller is connected by a cam seated on the continuously running shaft 218 is operated. During the uncovering performed when losing and gaining weight brought the lock system actuating the presses to an inoperative position what purpose the cam has a zone in which it gives no movement. Control of the thread guide The V-shaped selector lever 95 (see Fig. 4) for optional actuation the toothed wheels 87 provided on the thread guides 83 can move into the various horizontal ones Levels of the individual thread guides adjusted by means of any suitable linkage will. For example, a fork 267 can be used for this purpose, which is independent of the reciprocating movements of the lever with this remains in engagement. The fork 267 sits on a pole 268 which is stepped by some suitable control means can be adjusted to different heights. A rod 269 which is in a recess 27o of the fork is, the fork is held by the lever 95 in engagement. For controlling the reciprocating movements of the selector lever is a rocker arm, not shown provided with one roller on one with half the speed of the control shaft 218 rotating drum cam runs and is connected to the selector lever 95 by a linkage is. The purpose of this control is to guide the yarn to the needles for making a complete : Row of stitches first in one direction and then for making the next Course in the other direction, etc. This control is performed during the uncovering of the stitches when increasing and decreasing is switched on. steering of the uncovering head when taking it off and on To adjust the ratchet wheels 165 and 166 (see FIGS. 1 A and 3) are, as already described, in opposite directions Directional acting pawls 167 and 168 are provided which act on independently of each other movable slides 171 and 172 are mounted. This in the horizontal direction movable slides are, as already indicated in the description, common movable up and down with the uncovering head. The required longitudinal movements of the Slides 171 and 172 are actuated by two horizontally arranged tappets 271 and 272 (See Fig. i A) causes whose ends acting on the slide are so wide that they also engage with these slides each time they move up and down come. The two tappets 271 and 272 are actuated at different times, and one for losing weight and the other for gaining weight, as well as for that Readjustment of the cover needles P after completion of the decrease and increase. For actuation two levers 273 and 274 are provided for the plunger, the adjustable stop screws 275 and 276 have, and rollers 277, which with a cam, not shown in the Engagement stand. This cam points in the axial direction at a distance from one another provided cam profiles, one for each lever, and between them a neutral zone in which levers 273 and 274 are not operated. Through suitable axial adjustment of the cam seated on the continuously rotating control shaft 218, what is done through a timing chain comes either to one or the other of the two rollers 277 engaged with the associated cam, or both rollers are located in the neutral zone. By this design it is impossible for both rollers to engage their respective cams at the same time stand.

The following are the successive stages of cooperation of needles and associated devices in making the top of the Stocking sheet will be described with reference to Figs. In Fig. 13 is the mesh device i io arranged so that there is a mesh L of the first row of stitches, which was drawn by the needle 3 over the nose 21 ° of the board 21 can take over. The sinker 21 then moves slowly back, whereby the loop L to the Holding the loop serving end of the device i io slides as shown in FIG is. The needle 3 is in its lowest position here. At the next, in Fig. 15 is the position shown in the sinker 21 in its Vorwärtsab impact position moved while the mixing L is still further held by the device iio and the Needle 3 has risen a little further. In Fig. 16 the needle is in a generated even higher position, so that the loop L is free of the needle hook. When the needle 3 is in its highest position and the plate 21 is set is that it can enclose the fed thread as shown in FIG is, the device which continues to hold the mesh L is slightly withdrawn. so the normal knitting process begins, as shown in FIG. The in In the stage shown in Fig. 19, an edge rail 278 is put into operation, which the goods extending down between the needle 3 and the loop holding device i io, as shown for a later stage in Fig. 2o. To return the Edge goods F from the device i i o to the needle 3, this device is raised first and then advanced so far that the needle 3 can pierce the loop L, as shown in FIG. In the position shown in FIG. 22, the needle has turned moved completely upwards and thereby pierced and picked up the stitch i i. The device i io has meanwhile been partially withdrawn and is then, as shown in Fig.23 is shown moved downwards, causing it to protrude the goods F onto the lower one Edge give the board 21 presses. Fig. 24 shows the device i io fully withdrawn Position so that the normal knitting process can be resumed.

From Fig.25 it can be seen that each stitch holding device i io consists of a Pair of interrelated elements, which are used to hold the mesh with the one Grip the end between the sinkers 21 and a needle. The ones used to make picot rows Devices i i i used are here in a retracted position.

When making a picot edge, each picot device i i i in brought to such a position that, as can be seen from Fig. 26, its effective At the end of a stitch L1 from the associated nose 21 ° of a plate 21d decreases, this Holding back the stitch while making a row and then the needle 3 passes as shown in FIG. Fig. 28 shows the device i i i in withdrawn Position, while the goods F held unaffected by the mesh holding device i io because the effective end of the picot device i i i is slightly higher than that of the mesh holder device i io lies.

The machine according to the present invention is primarily intended for the production of a regular stocking path in successive automatic operations, as is shown in FIG. It consists of an edge 279 with a picot edge 280, ladder-safe rows 281, which are made by transferring stitches, a slightly reduced calf part 282, a reduced length 283, reinforced high heel and heel parts 284, reinforced sole parts 285, in which the width changes of the reinforced parts changes from row to row, as well as reinforced and diminished tip parts 286.

The mesh holding devices are used in the manufacture of this garter belt i io first inserted between the needles 3 to get the one processed in the first row Take up yarn. Then these devices are withdrawn so that those sitting on them Stitches are held. The work of the edge is continued for several rows, and then the goods take-off device 278 comes into operation. After the work of one Another number of rows is the picot row 28o. This is done through Feeding the picot devices i i i, which pick up the sinker meshes and place them on the Transferring adjacent needles so that a series of covering stitches is created. this is in contrast to the usual production method, in which to produce a Picot row the knitted stitches are transferred. Now the work is up to Completion of the edge continued, and then the devices i io Transfer the stitches held in the first row back onto the needles. After working further rows the picot devices i i i are brought back into working position, in order to produce one or more ladder stitches preventing rows of 281 sinker stitches to convict.

Then the two needle groups during manufacture the calf, the length and the high heel in the strip next to the self-edges of the Garter set in action at certain intervals, and at the same time the respective outer stops 192 and 193 in question for the thread guides adjusted so that they carry out the pivoting movements carried out in the manufacture of each transverse row the thread guide 83 laterally limit. At certain points are used to manufacture the high heel near the self edges, the reinforcement thread guides provided on the right and left as well as the two inner stops 194 and 195 put into action. The latter are used to manufacture the desired shape of the reinforced parts in certain Adjusted inwards and outwards. In the next piece both the inner as well as the outer thread guide stops together with a Assistance of the uncovering head moved to the education; of heel parts 287 for a specific Number of rows to obtain a lateral extension of the garter belt. 'Fenn it if desired, the extended heel parts can also be used without using the revolving head getting produced. In this case, the relationship between the thread guides for the ground yarn and those for the reinforcement yarn appropriately changed so that there are free self-edges. To complete the reinforced heel parts the inner and outer stops are activated when the uncovering head is actuated at the same time adjusted in the sense of a reduction. Then the work of the foot is intensified Parts continued along the self-edges. If desired, the inner stops can be used Here at certain points are changed to certain forms of the reinforced To receive parts. If the point is reached where the reduction begins for the tip, so the outer stops are simultaneously with an actuation of the uncovering head adjusted further inwards.

After completing the top, there will be some additional ones Rows are knitted that are cut away when sewing together, after which the stocking panel removed from the machine.

A feature of the invention is therefore a complete, properly designed Stocking track that has an inwardly folded edge with a transferring has picot series made from sinker mesh; which is arranged so that it forms a picot edge at the upper fold of the edge.

One or more ladder stitches are attached to the edge Rows, which are also formed by guiding sinker stitches.

Claims (6)

PATEN TA NS FOR REPORTS: r. `\ 'irkmasclrine, especially single head stocking knitting machine, characterized by a curved needle bed movable in a vertical direction (i), on which a row of hooked needles (3) arranged in a curve is provided. 2. Knitting machine according to claim r, characterized in that the in the vertical direction movable needle bed (i) is circular and on a curved piece is occupied with the attached row of hook needles (3). 3. Knitting machine according to claim i or 2, characterized by a co-operating with the needles (3) for the purpose of stitch formation Reilre of individually operable devices ( plates 21, 21d) and means (35), which some of these devices, for. B. every second device (2r), operate one after the other to bring the yarn between spaced needles, as well as further means (26) which cause a simultaneous operation of all these devices (2i, 21d) so that it is achieved, that the yarn is drawn around all the needles working at the same time. 4. Knitting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that for, simultaneous actuation of the plates (2i, 2id) individually movable actuating members (26) are provided which serve to the granted them by actuating means (266, 261) which can be moved in the vertical direction To transfer movements in the horizontal direction to the boards. 5. Knitting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the movable in the vertical direction Actuating means (26o, 261) consist of two 'togen-shaped members, of which the one (26o) to achieve a downward movement of the affected end (28) of the Angle lever (26) from above and the other (26r) to achieve an upward movement acts from below on said end. 6. Knitting machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the actuating members (26) are designed as angled levers which are rotatably arranged in a suitable manner. Knitting machine according to Claim 4 or 6, characterized in that small plates (3o) are fastened on both sides of the individually movable actuating members (26) which encompass the associated sinkers (2i, 21d) on both sides and thereby engage the actuating member with the sinker secure sideways. B. knitting machine according to claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that further individually movable members such. B. rocker arm (35) are provided, which are actuated by a reciprocating lock (42) which is arranged concentrically to the machine axis (a). 9. Knitting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a series of independent hook presses (47), one for each needle (3), which are arranged in groups in an arcuate row, one of the presses of each group being so designed that it works together with suitable locking devices (65, 66) and transmits its movements to the other presses in the group. _ -io. Knitting machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the presses (47) are actuated by a lock (65, 66) which executes reciprocating movements and which is arranged concentrically to the machine axis (a). i i. Knitting machine according to Claim 3, characterized in that the sinkers (2i, 21d) are arranged in arcuate supports (22, 23) arranged one above the other and provided with radial slots, of which the upper one (23) also serves to accommodate the presses (47) . 12. Knitting machine according to claim ii, characterized in that in the upper carrier (23) grooves (5o) are milled with a width sufficient to accommodate presses (47), the milled recesses (48) for receiving the upper edges of the blanks (21, 21d). 13. Knitting machine according to claim 12, characterized in that one side of the presses (47) is provided with a step (48) so that the tapered part of each press has a side wall of the groove (49) for the associated plate (21, 21d) forms, while the other side of this groove is formed by the corresponding side wall of the radial groove (50) in which the Uresse is arranged. 14. Knitting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the needle bed (i) provided with an arcuate and fixedly arranged thereon row of needles (3) is immovable in the direction of rotation and that individually operable thread guides (83) are provided which are in changeable Extent around the machine axis (d) can be moved, depending on how this movement is limited by stops (192, 193, 194, 195) that can be pivoted about the machine axis. 15. Knitting machine according to claim 14, characterized in that a device is provided which has groups (142) of cover needles (P) which have groups (142) of cover needles (P) for the purpose of removing and increasing the size of a stocking sheet for cooperation with the thread guide stops (192 to 195) are arranged at opposite ends of the arc-shaped row of needles and serve to take over formed stitches from the associated needles (3) and uncover them after lateral displacement and at the same time associated vertical movement of the needle bed (i) onto other needles. 16. Knitting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine head has an automatically operating device (1o7 to 139) for producing the stocking edge (279), which with an auxiliary device (111, 115, 134 to 137) for the production of picot rows (28o, 282) is united. 17. Knitting machine according to claim 16, characterized in that the combined devices (1o7 to 139) have an annular bed (1o7) arranged concentrically to the machine axis (a), of which a segment part with radial grooves (io8) for receiving an arcuate row of mesh holding devices (iio) for producing the edge and devices (iii) for uncovering sinker loops in the production of picot rows which alternate in the bed. 18. Knitting machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the upper ends (84) of the thread guides (83) lie one above the other and that the thread guides extend from them first in the outward direction and then downward, the downwardly directed parts always greater distance from the machine axis (a) and the thread guide closest to the axis with its upper, horizontal end (84) is at the bottom, while the other thread guides are arranged one after the other above. i9. Knitting machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the upper ends (84) of the thread guides (83) have gears (87) on their underside which mesh with toothed segments (9i) and on two axially opposite groups of hollow shafts (88) guided one inside the other ) sit. 2o. Form-fitting pantyhose produced on a knitting machine according to the preceding claims, characterized by an inwardly folded edge (279) with a picot row (280) and rows (281) preventing running stitches, which, like the picot row, are produced by transferring sinker loops. 21. A method for the production of a complete form-fitting stocking web on a knitting machine according to claim 17, characterized by measures which cause the stitch holding devices (iio) to receive the first row of N pockets formed by the cooperation of the needles (3) and the sinkers (21) that the needles (3), sinkers (21, 21d) and hook presses (47) produce the edge fabric, while the first row of stitches are still held by the stitch holding devices (i io), that the picot devices (iii) are advanced and sinker stitches of the edge goods on the Transfer adjacent needles so that a picot row is created, after which the picot devices (iii) are withdrawn again, while the manufacture of the edging continues through the cooperation of the needles, sinkers and hook presses, so that the stitch holding devices (i io) then place the first stitch row on the needles bring back and so complete the edge (279) that the knitting process is then continued and by how the advancement of the picot devices (iii) and the transfer of sinker loops onto the adjacent needles at certain points of the knitted fabric, rows (281) which prevent loops are produced.