DE814138C - Process for carrying out catalytic reactions - Google Patents
Process for carrying out catalytic reactionsInfo
- Publication number
- DE814138C DE814138C DEP38299A DEP0038299A DE814138C DE 814138 C DE814138 C DE 814138C DE P38299 A DEP38299 A DE P38299A DE P0038299 A DEP0038299 A DE P0038299A DE 814138 C DE814138 C DE 814138C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- catalytic reactions
- carrying
- out catalytic
- alumina
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/888—Tungsten
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Verfahren 'zur Ausführung von katalytischen Reaktionen Es ist bekannt, daß man katalytische Reaktionen, insbesondere zur Verbesserung von Kohlenwasserstoffölen, in Gegenwart von Tonerde, die mit katalytisch wirkenden Metallverbindungen versehen ist, mit Erfolg ausführen kann.Process' for carrying out catalytic reactions It is known that one catalytic reactions, especially to improve hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of alumina, which is provided with catalytically active metal compounds is able to perform with success.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß es besonders vorteilhaft ist, für die genannten Zwecke als Katalysator eine Totierde zu verwenden, die durch Ausfällen von Tonerdehydrat aus einer Aluminiumsalzlösung bei Temparaturen oberhalb 8o' und einem pil-Wert zwischen etwa 7 und io und nachträgliches Erhitzen hergestellt ist und die mit Metallverbindungen von Metallen der 5. und 6. Gruppe des Periodischen Systems, zweckmäßig zusammen init solchen der Metalle der Eisengruppe, versehen ist. Die in der erNvähnten #Veise hergestellten Tonerdeträger besitzen ein hohesAbsorptionsvermögen, selir geringes Schüttgewicht und in\'erbindung mit den genannten Schwermetallverbindungen eine besonders große katalytische Wirksamkeit. Vorzugsweise verwendet man die Oxyde oder Sulfide der Metalle der 5. und 6. Gruppe und der Eisengruppe. Die Katalysatoren sind besonders wirksam bei Hy- drierungen, bei gewöhnlichen oder erhöhten Drukken sowie bei der raffinierenden Druckhydrierung. Auch für andere katalytische Reaktionen, z. B. die Fetthärtung, Herstellung von Olefinen und aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, kann der Katalysator verwendet werden. It has now been found that it is particularly advantageous to use a dead earth as a catalyst for the purposes mentioned, which is produced by precipitating alumina hydrate from an aluminum salt solution at temperatures above 80 'and a pil value between about 7 and 10 and subsequent heating and which is provided with metal compounds of metals of the 5th and 6th group of the periodic table, expediently together with those of the metals of the iron group. The alumina carriers produced in the aforementioned way have a high absorption capacity, a low bulk density and, in connection with the heavy metal compounds mentioned, a particularly high catalytic effectiveness. The oxides or sulfides of the metals of the 5th and 6th groups and of the iron group are preferably used. The catalysts are particularly effective in hydrogenation , at normal or elevated pressures and in refined pressure hydrogenation. Also for other catalytic reactions, e.g. B. fat hardening, production of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons, the catalyst can be used.
Für die Hydrierung ein- und mehrfach ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe und die Raffination oder Vorbehandlung von Kohlenwasserstoffölen oder deren Fraktionen sowie Wachsen oder Fetten, die unerwünschte Sauerstoff-, Schwefel-, Stickstoffverbindungen und/oder in der Wärme leicht polymerisierbare Bestandteile enthalten, hat sich diese Tonerde inVerbindungen mitOxyden oderSulfiden von Molybdän oder Wolfram einerseits und Nickel oder Kobalt anderseits als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen.For the hydrogenation of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated hydrocarbons and the refining or pretreatment of hydrocarbon oils or their fractions as well as waxes or fats, the undesirable oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen compounds and / or contain components that are easily polymerizable when heated, this has been proven Clay in compounds with oxides or sulfides of molybdenum or Tungsten on the one hand and nickel or cobalt on the other hand have proven to be particularly advantageous.
Zur Herstellung der Tonerde werden die Aluminiumsalzlösung und das Fällungsmittel ohne Vorerhitzung in ein entsprechend hoch erhitztes Gefäß oder eine entsprechend hoch erhitzte Flüssigkeit gegossen. Es ist hierbei erforderlich, daß Temperaturen oberhalb 8o', z. B. von 85 bis ioo', und ein PH-Wert zwischen etwa 7 und io aufrechterhalten werden. Man kann auch Temperaturen oberhalb des Siedepunktes des Umsetzungsgemisches bei At- mosphärendruck anwenden, indem man im geschlossenen Gefäß, beispielsweise unter Drucken von 5 at und mehr, arbeitet.To produce the clay, the aluminum salt solution and the precipitant are poured into a suitably heated vessel or a suitably heated liquid without preheating. It is necessary here that temperatures above 8o ', z. From 85 to 100 ', and a pH between about 7 and 10 can be maintained. One can apply also temperatures above the boiling point of the reaction mixture at atm mosphärendruck by at in a closed vessel, for example under pressures of 5 and more, operates.
Der Niederschlag wird von der zweckmäßig noch heißen Flüssigkeit-, im allgemeinen jedenfalls bei Temperaturen nicht unter etwa 4a bis 5o', abgetrennt und dann ausgewaschen. Im Gegensatz zu den in üblicher Weise bei tieferen Temperaturen ausgefällten Tonerdehydratniederschlägen läßt sich der Niederschlag leicht in verhältnismäßig kurzer Zeit mit heißem Wasser salzfrei waschen.The precipitate is expediently still hot liquid, generally in any case at temperatures not below about 4 ° to 5o ', separated and then washed out. In contrast to the usual way at lower temperatures precipitated alumina hydrate precipitates, the precipitate can easily be in proportion Wash salt-free with hot water for a short time.
Das so hergestellte Tonerdehydrat kann nach dem Trocknen, vorzugsweise bei i oo bis i 5o', ohne Schwierigkeit in einer Presse auf Formlinge verarbeitet werden, die sich durch besonders große Härte von auf andere Weise erzeugten Tonerdehydratformlingen unterscheiden. Durch Erhitzen auf oberhalb 300', insbesondere 3oo bis 6oo', erhält man festgeformte aktive Tonerde.The alumina hydrate produced in this way can, after drying, preferably at i oo to i 50 ', be processed without difficulty in a press onto shaped articles which differ from alumina hydrate shaped articles produced in other ways by their particularly high hardness. By heating to above 300 ', in particular 300 to 600', solidly formed active alumina is obtained.
Nach dem Tränken mit Lösungen von Verbindungen der genannten Metalle wird erneut auf oberhalb 3oo' erhitzt. Wird die Erhitzung in Gegenwart von Schwefelwasserstoff durchgeführt, so erhält man die entsprechenden Sulfide.After soaking with solutions of compounds of the metals mentioned is again heated to above 3oo '. Is heating in the presence of hydrogen sulfide carried out, the corresponding sulfides are obtained.
Die so erhaltenen Katalysatoren sind besonders wirksam, wenn sie auf ioo Teile Tonerde etwa 5 bis 45 Teile, zweckmäßig io bis 3o Teile, eines Oxyds oder Sülfids. von Wolfram, Molybdän, Chrom oder Vanadin und o,5 bis io Teile, insbesondere i bis 6 Teile, eines Oxyds oder Sulfids eines Metalls der Eisengruppe, insbesondere von Nickel oder Kobalt, enthalten.The catalysts obtained in this way are particularly effective when they contain about 5 to 45 parts, expediently 10 to 30 parts, of an oxide or sulphide per 100 parts of alumina. of tungsten, molybdenum, chromium or vanadium and 0.5 to 10 parts, in particular 1 to 6 parts, of an oxide or sulfide of a metal of the iron group, in particular of nickel or cobalt.
Bei der vorbehandelnden oder raffinierenden Druckhydrierung von Kohlenwasserstoffölen, wofür diese Katalysatoren besonders gegeignet sind, wählt man eine Temperatur von 380 bis 460' und Durchsätze von o,5 bis 2,5 kg Ausgangsstoff je Liter Katalysatorraum und Stunde und führt die Reaktion so durch, daß sich nur wenig niedrigsiedende Produkte bilden. Die so erhaltenen Produkte weisen einen guten Reinheitsgrad. auf und sind für eine anschließende katalytische, z. B. spaltende Weiterverarbeitung gut geeignet.In the pretreating or refining pressure hydrogenation of hydrocarbon oils, for which these catalysts are particularly suitable, a temperature of 380 to 460 'and throughputs of 0.5 to 2.5 kg of starting material per liter of catalyst space and hour are selected and the reaction is carried out in such a way that only a few low-boiling products are formed. The products obtained in this way have a good degree of purity. on and are for a subsequent catalytic, z. B. splitting further processing well suited.
Beispiel Eine Aluminiumnitratlösung, deren Konzentration einem Al 203-Gehalt von 8% entspricht, und eine z5%ige Ammoniaklösung werden gleichzeitig in ein auf 95' erwärmtes Gefäß gegossen, so daß die Mischung der Lösungen imGefäßeinenPH-Wert von 7 aufweist. Die noch heiße Lösung wird zusammen mit dem entstandenen Niederschlag auf eine Filterpresse gebracht und der Filterkuchen mit 7o bis go' heißem Wasser 3 bis 4 Stunden lang gewaschen. Das so erhaltene Tonerdehydrat wird nach dem Trocknen zerkleinert, zu Pillen gepreßt und dann auf 3oo bis 350' erhitzt. Die Masse hat ein Schüttgewicht von 0,35 bis o,4o kg/l.Example An aluminum nitrate solution, the concentration of which corresponds to an Al 203 content of 8%, and a z5% ammonia solution are poured simultaneously into a vessel heated to 95 ' so that the mixture of the solutions in the vessel has a pH value of 7 . The still hot solution, together with the precipitate formed, is placed on a filter press and the filter cake is washed with water of 7o to 4 hours for 3 to 4 hours. The alumina hydrate obtained in this way, after drying, is crushed, pressed into pills and then heated to 300-350 '. The mass has a bulk density of 0.35 to 0.4o kg / l.
Die geformte Tonerde wird mit einer ammoniakalischen Lösung vonWolframsäure und Nickelsulfat getränkt, bei 140' getrocknet und im Schwefelwasserstoffstrom bei 40o bis 4500 geschwefelt. Die Pillen werden dann gemahlen, wieder gepreßt und ein zweites Mal geschwefelt. Der fertige Katalysator enthält 70% Tonerde, 27"/o Wolframsulfid und 30/9 Nickelsulfid.The formed clay is treated with an ammoniacal solution of tungstic acid and nickel sulfate soaked, dried at 140 'and in a stream of hydrogen sulfide 40o to 4500 sulphurised. The pills are then ground, re-pressed and inserted sulphurized the second time. The finished catalyst contains 70% alumina, 27 "/ o tungsten sulfide and 30/9 nickel sulfide.
Über diesen Katalysator leitet man ein Steinkohlenmittelöl mit i8% Phenolen, 2% organischen Stickstoffverbindungen und wenig Schwefelverbindungen zusammen mit Wasserstoff unter einem Druck von 25o at bei 420' und erhält ein raffiniertes Mittelöl, das sich störungsloskatalytischweiterverarbeiten, z. B. aufspalten läßt.A bituminous coal medium oil with i8% is passed over this catalyst Phenols, 2% organic nitrogen compounds and a little sulfur compounds together with hydrogen under a pressure of 25o at at 420 'and receives a refined Medium oil which can be further processed catalytically without problems, e.g. B. can split.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP38299A DE814138C (en) | 1949-03-31 | 1949-03-31 | Process for carrying out catalytic reactions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP38299A DE814138C (en) | 1949-03-31 | 1949-03-31 | Process for carrying out catalytic reactions |
DE1010243X | 1949-04-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE814138C true DE814138C (en) | 1951-09-20 |
Family
ID=25990469
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEP38299A Expired DE814138C (en) | 1949-03-31 | 1949-03-31 | Process for carrying out catalytic reactions |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE814138C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1150056B (en) * | 1956-02-03 | 1963-06-12 | British Petroleum Co | Process for the production of catalysts containing aluminum oxide and oxides of the iron group, in particular for the conversion of hydrocarbons |
DE1152213B (en) * | 1958-05-02 | 1963-08-01 | British Petroleum Co | Process for the hydrative refining of lubricating oils |
-
1949
- 1949-03-31 DE DEP38299A patent/DE814138C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1150056B (en) * | 1956-02-03 | 1963-06-12 | British Petroleum Co | Process for the production of catalysts containing aluminum oxide and oxides of the iron group, in particular for the conversion of hydrocarbons |
DE1152213B (en) * | 1958-05-02 | 1963-08-01 | British Petroleum Co | Process for the hydrative refining of lubricating oils |
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