DE8112002U1 - TEACHING AND LEARNING TOYS - Google Patents

Description

Description according to §3 Designation of the subject matter of the invention:

It is a spatial-mechanical demonstration model, on which the conceptual principle should be clearly demonstrated, the one with the same date Application for the grant of a patent is based on: On the surface of a sphere or a spherical body are in 3 (three) times R rows η running blocks shift-Iich arranged in such a way that these running blocks can be manually shifted in η! (η faculty) complex ions (combination arrangements) to be permuted (to be arranged in relation to one another).

(R expresses whether the rows are single , double or triple

In principle, η denotes an arbitrarily selectable number, which is only to be based on the structural requirements Has).

Description in detail :

The demonstration model is intended to be used commercially as an educational toy that both children can use as well as to enable adults to train their own anticipation and spatial imagination. A comparison of the sphere (or spherical body) presented by the applicant with the

Each single row is crossed 4 (four) times R times by other rows ti. In this exemplary embodiment, each individual row is crossed 8 (eight) times by other individual rows. Those running blocks that are on the crossing position s, can be selectively either in the move a row or in the other, intersecting row. Thus it is possible to move each running block to any position within the three double rows and thus all 72 (seventy-two) running blocks can theoretically be in η! (η factorial) order different permutations to each other. With 72 elements there are approximately 6 (six) by 10 * (ten to the power of one hundred and three) permutations.

Except in the running channels, the running blocks in the double rows are again between two spherical triangles laterally guided. The walls of the spherical triangles point between the radii r2 and r5 (Fig. 9 and explanation of symbols) 15 ° slopes upwards - from the radius r2 they strive vertically upwards and thus lead two running blocks exactly between them.

In the spherical body shown in the drawings, there are between two spherical triangles always 4 (four) running blocks - the angle between g and j (Fig. 8) is 60 °.

The facets of the spherical triangles as well as the running blocks are kept in color so that there are beautiful color patterns on the surface of the sphere / spherical body. Running blocks should be able to be bought later, so that color samples can be put together according to your own taste. For the spherical triangles it should be colored accordingly Buy stickers - additional transparent stickers with numbers for the running blocks so that the 72nd Running blocks can be numbered consecutively. The dimensions of the spherical body were worked out according to Grasping examinations in around 10 eight to ten year old children. The sphere is so large that it can even be pulled by one of the hands about eight-year-old child can still be included. At the same time, care was taken that the dimensions of the running blocks don't get too small.

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In the spherical triangles threads are embedded, in which either the heads of ducks, bears, dogs etc. are to be screwed in. Feet with wheels should be able to be screwed into four spherical triangles. The ball can be taken apart - it should be able to disintegrate into eight individual parts (twist locks). A spherical cavity should remain in the middle of the sphere. A smaller ball is embedded in this. This smaller ball consists of two halves that can be screwed apart.

In the small ball there are glass beads, which are exchanged for bells and other noise-making objects permit.

Purpose of this ball ; This ball is supposed to promote development in babies and toddlers. Therefore it unites in itself:

1) Optical stimuli as well as the possibility of varying the optical stimulus pattern.

2) Acoustic stimuli (rattle) and the possibility of varying the acoustic stimulus pattern (glass beads, bells in the small inner sphere, etc.).

3) Tactile stimuli and the ability to vary these stimuli (interchangeable heads screwed into threads can be).

4) The sound coming from inside the ball will - as soon as the child reaches the age of around 3-4 years - stimulated the child's curiosity behavior. It eventually gets behind the secret of its own accord Ball come - that this is to be dismantled into eight parts and then reassembled. This encourages the first technical understanding and spatial imagination of the child.

5) From the age of about 4-5 the child will gradually understand that by twisting the rows, in which the! Aufklotze are located, very specific color patterns can produce that one has thought up beforehand. This trains the child's ability to anticipate and developed.

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Figure 1 : Figure 1 shows the basic circuit diagram of a cryptography (key machine) with n = 18 (18 individual elements). However, the drawing contains only two of these as representative.
The cryptograph is embedded in a transceiver system.

(1), (2): switches attached to a typewriter keyboard are coupled. The switches are closed by pressing a button.

Function of the switch (1): Automatic transmission / reception switching as well as connection to the 'clock input ET (34) of the control part (Figure 3). ".

Function of the switch (2): Provides voltage to an individual element from the plain text page. . I (3): DRIVER-GATTER.- releases the current path via U1 and thus also U2 during reception. · (4): Connection of the 18 switches (1) to one another - only one I outgoing line. , | (5): The same arrangement, as shown only twice in the drawing, is repeated 18 times according to the same principle.

(6): 18 inputs - only two are shown. (7): Video display device with text memory or thermoelectric Typewriter.

(8): Supply voltage for the video display device or the Typewriter. '

(9): TRANSISTOR - Attention: Schematic circuit - between the circuits U1 and U2 and especially between the circuits U3 / U4 and U1, amplifier chains must be arranged - the span rings of these circuits are a few powers of ten apart!

(1o): "Individual element ^11. Definition: With the expression individual element I denote a circuit arrangement in which a feeding cable, which is assigned to a position on the plain text page, is divided η times (here 18 times) and via relays with η ( here 18) different positions of the key side can be connected.

(11): In both of the individual elements shown, interconnection of the plain text page with the position of ^the key page via the path indicated.

• 1 ■ ι Ι »

(12): CONTROLLABLE RELAY '' - ''je'de"Z'ulerLtun'g'vUn on the plain text page is connected to η (here 18) relay. Only one supply line is connected to the coding side via a specific relay (a key step ).

(13) All control lines of the relay by a respective individual element are connected to a Binärdekoder (binary to decimal) connected (Figure 2).

(14) The cable connection to the binary decoder is interrupted here. Continued in Figure 2.

(15) The outputs (inputs) of those relays that have one and the same position on. the coding side (key side) are collected in one cable (same dimensioning ”as the individual cables, as there is always only one line is switched through).

I In the drawing, (11) denotes two relays (on

II Awei different individual elements!), The h tion to the positioning of the coding 14 are connected. As is apparent from the drawing [■ [planning, they are together with the other 16

η relay at position 14 combined into one cable.

?,: (16) Low-resistance weak circuit · - voltage around the

J: The order of magnitude of My-VoIt.

I "(17) ENCODER FOR REMOTE WRITTEN CODE. Each position ( ^J \ _v -n _v

Vi Λ- Λ.

I '; where K denotes the coding side) is a specific one

K characters assigned constant. The coding device sets this

ij characters in telex code - transcription in telex

^ code (has nothing to do with the encryption process in the crypto

K. . to do graphs!).

|; _: (18) DECODER FOR REMOTE WRITING CODE. Decrypts the

.; incoming signals through the receiver and assigns them to the

j corresponding positions 1t / - n ™ - to.

(19) Of 18 (n = 18) cable connections, two are only shown as dots ■ posed.

i (2o) CONTROLLED RELAY - this relay is controlled via ι the switch (1) - send / receive switching. i (21) Attention, principle circuit! - via the designated cable teletype code is running!

(22) Like (21)

(23) Supply voltage for the transmitter system - power circuit.

- · · · -t Ολ

(24) TRANSISTOR - Caution: 'principle circuit' - that applies same as at (9).

(25) transmitter.

(26) Supply voltage for the receiving system.

(27) Reception system.

(28) like (24).

(29) INVERTER / AND-GATTER - automatic transmission / reception switching.

(30) To the clock input ET of the control part - (34) in Figure 3.

Figure 2: Figure 2 shows a binary decoder (binary to decimal, 5 bits). With this decoder up to 32 binary "words" can be processed. In the arrangement shown, however, only 18 (n = 18) are used - there remain 14 redundancies. 18 decoders are required.

(31) Supply lines from one of the outputs (Q1 - Q18) of the cross-connected, complex ring shift register (FIG. 4). Each output Q1 - Q18 is therefore assigned a binary decoder.

(32) Supply voltage of the binary decoder. (13) and (14) see Figure 1.

Figure 3: Figure 3 shows the control part of the cryptograph. From here, the control of the cross-connected, complex ring shift registers and above that of the relays of the individual elements run. It contains a magnetic card reader, a quartz clock with an attached timing control and a connection to the typewriter keyboard for timing control.

(33) Supply lines to the ring shift registers. S1: Shift in register no. 1

T1: Clock control for shifting in register no.1

(34) Clock input ET- connected to the typewriter keyboard via (3o).

(35) Control part, which is only shown here as an Elock. The functions it has to perform are described.

(36) Exchangeable magnetic card - contains the information for the basic position of the ring shift registers (all of them), as well as the information on the program control of the shift commands.

(37) Supply lines to inputs 1-18 of the crossed Ring register. Cable A, B, C, D, E to each input, via which the positions 1 ,, - n “are transmitted in binary code (via the cables!).

(38) Reset - all registers are reset to the Basic position reset.

(39) and (4o) correspond to (33) - but for registers no.2 and no.3

(41) Supply voltage for the control section

Figure 4 ; FIG. 4 shows the basic interconnection of two crossed ring shift registers. However, only one crossing point is shown in the drawing and only part of the second register.

In fact, this is a highly complex interconnection, whose photochemical realization on circuit boards (chips) is certainly only possible in several levels. The register shown can only process 1 bit per input. However, 5 bits must be given to each input can. Thus, each complex ring shift register consists of 5 interconnected individual shift registers. In the arrangement described, 3 complex ring shift registers are interconnected crosswise as described in Figure 5.

The principle of the cross-connected complex ring shift register represents the most essential part of the patent claim.

(42) Input for shifting in register no.1

(43) Clock input for shifting in register no. 1 (42) and (43) are connected to (33) of FIG. 3 (44) - reset input for all three complex ring shift registers, connected to (38) of FIG. 3.

The drawing is a bit misleading - no supply line is shown!

(45) Interrupted line for resetting.

(46) Clock input for shifting in register no. 3 - broken line.

(47) Input for shifting in register no. 3 - broken line.

(46) and (47) are connected to (4o) of FIG. 3.

1OA 'I.

(48) Connection to line * for reset "in" F <egister no. 2

Numbers 1,2 in boxes: inputs - connected to (37) the

Figure 3.. S.

Q1, Q2: outputs - connected to (31) of Figure 2. U

Position 2 of the clear l <is the intersection point in FIG

-text page (input 2) selected. As can be seen from Figure 5, ü

is register no. 1 with register ■ at this position?

No. 3 crossed. · «

There are still in the interconnection arrangement shown. ί

some uncertainties that I had at the time of my application- |

position not yet fully overlooked and the I

if to be eliminated. On the one hand, you must avoid |

that e.g. Q15 is pushed into Q1 - to the other must |

prevent two registers from shifting at the same time. f |

But it should certainly not pose a problem, fj

these possible defects by appropriate installation of fj

INVERTER / AND GATES fix. |

Figure 51 Figure 5 shows the planar development of a single-row | (R = 1) sphere with 18 individual elements (n = 18). She shows which
Positions of the plain text page (inputs of the registers) each ^r - :

are connected to a register and via which positions |

always two registers (with R = 1!) cross-linked with each other. ■ '§

are switched. |

(49) Circular Shift Register No. 1 - Positions 1 to 8. |

(50) Circular Shift Register No. 2 - Positions 8,9,1o, 11.4, · 1 12,13,14- I

(51) Circular Shift Register No. 3 - Positions 1o, 15,2,16,13, | 17.6.18. . j

Positions at which two registers are crossed: · |

For positions 4 and 8, register no. 1 is with the |

Register No. 2 crossed. |

At positions 2 and 6 register no. 1 is with the |

Register No. 3 crossed. |

At positions 1o and 13, registers no. 2 and | cross

No. 3. I.

The crossing positions are hatched in the Figure 5 overall "

draws. · I

Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 now represent construction drawings represent the fau of a spatial-mechanical demonstration model, on which the conceptual principle on which all patent subclaims are based can be clearly demonstrated.

^ Representing all spatial-mechanical bodies that can be designed according to this principle, a spherical structure is presented here with R = 2 (two rows),
n = 72 (72 individual elements - running blocks) and an angle
$ between g and j (Figure 8) of 60 °.

ύ The claim relates to structures with .any
many rows, any number of individual elements and · any || chosen angles between g and j. .

Figure 6: Figure 6 shows the planar development of a part

f: \ of the spherical body - starting from a point

Ι? who cross two double rows. ' .

(52) in the hatched part marked - that is, bounded by the dashed lines - is the body of the

i {surface from solid perpendicular to the bottom.

(53) Three double rows run across the surface of the body 8 (eight) spherical triangles remain free between them. The arrow points to one of these triangles, the one in the plane

| ^; However, the settlement had to be drawn in a distorted manner.
P The spherical triangle is divided into four facets |; flat triangles which are each angled by 30 ° to one another (see FIG. 8) because the surface of the running blocks was also designed to be flat.

(54) Along this. Line is supposed to unscrew the spherical body and can fall into two parts. At the same time, the line shows the guidance of cut 1.

(55) The following applies within the limits marked by arrows
Cut 1.

(56) Section 2a runs along the designated line.

(57) Section 2b.

(58) The following applies within the limits marked by arrows
Cut 3.

(59) In the marked corners, squares are cut out in the plane of the running rails (radius r5)
Square with a side length of 0.62 cm (this corresponds to

the clearance of the side rails (this value of 0.62 cm is not included in Figure 8 - it is therefore referred to at this point).

A square with an edge length of 0.315 cm is cut out in the plane of the radius r6.

Between the top square on level r5 and the bottom one a slope is created on r6 (shown hatched - see also Figure 8 / section 3)

(60) The arrow points to the edges of the recessed square

drates at r6. lateral

(61) The dashed line marks the boundary of the canal between the radii r6 and r9.

(62) The arrow indicates the viewing direction under which the cuts - especially the cuts 2a and 2b of FIG. 8 are seen.

Figure 7: Section 1 runs directly through the center of the sphere - but it applies within the limits indicated at (55). (6 3) Two running blocks are shown for demonstration purposes. (64) Center of the radii.

FIG. 8: FIG. 8 shows an overall section through the spherical body, but at the same time contains the sections 2a, 2b and 3.

To enable a simplified description of the dimensions, construction guidelines have been drawn in and with lower case letters Named letters. In the following, a measurement in centimeters (cm) or in degrees of angle (°) is as follows described:

Example: c-e 0.37 means: the distance between construction guidelines c and e is 0.37 cm.

g-h 30 ° means: the angle between the construction lines g and h is 30 degrees.

a-b 0.385 b-c 0.315 c-e 0.37

a-c 0.7 a-d 0.885 a-f 1.385

b-f 1.00 d-d 1.77 e-e 1.4

e-f 0.315 f-f 0.77 b-e 0.685. (Section 3)

g-h 30 ° g-j 60 ° d-g 15 ° '

a-g 15 °

a-h 1.93 (length of the drawn secant in radius r1 uppermost Closure of the spherical triangles)

■ III to *

(65) Section 2. Above, section 2a is shown on the right-hand side and section 2b is shown on the left-hand side (right and to the left of the respective running channel you can see the small difference). Only section 2b is drawn below.

(66) Section 3.

(67) 'The arrow points into the running channel for guiding the running block shoe.

(68) In section 3, a running block is drawn (hatched) for demonstration purposes. - The drawing isn't completely exact!

(69) The arrow points to the slope as described at (59) became.

(70) The arrow points to the wall of one of the spherical ' Triangles.

Attention: The spherical triangles are with all cuts of Figure 8 is shown. It is pointed out, however, that they do not lie exactly in the cutting plane in any of the sections 1 to 3! They are always behind or in front of it (see also Figure 6). . "·

FIG. 9 : FIG. 9 shows all radii of the spherical body as well as the auxiliary radii for the calculation. In addition, a running block is drawn with auxiliary lines for the dimensions. Radii in centimeters (cm). '

(71) Π = 3.65 - auxiliary radius for the construction of the spherical triangles. The extension of the upper end of the running block forms a 30 ° edge.

(72) r2 = 3.42 - auxiliary radius and upper end radius the 15 ° bevels on the walls of the spherical triangles. Lower end radius of the vertical wall parts of the spherical triangles (see Figure 8).

(73) r3 = 3.3 - auxiliary radius.

(74) r4 = 3.1 - auxiliary radius and fixed radius for the calculation of all other radii.

(75) r5 = 3.0 - upper radius of the running rails (radius,

on which the running blocks slide with the underside (see auxiliary line m)).

• · fl ι * · • ♦ r ·

(76) r6 = 2.65 - lower radius of the running rails (the radius at which the upper and front upper Slide along the edges of the running block shoe).

(77) r? - 2.6 - auxiliary radius.

(78) r8 = 2.354 - lower end radius of the running block shoe.

(79) r9 = 2.32 - innermost radius of the duct - below this radius inward is the spherical body fully solid.

• k-1 0.2 1-m 0.3

■. no 0.3 pq 0.3

t-u 1.765 if feasible - otherwise 1.76 v-x 15 ° (corresponding to w-y) g-h 30 ° (corresponding to x-y)

Dimensions •
• O g-h 30th 4th m-n O, 995 r-s O ₁ , 60 V-W 1.

Claims (6)

ι · · · ι ya ιιιΐι ··· ti ι: _yj designed by the Hungarian architect RUBIK on the so-called% "Rubik's Cube", which is currently on everyone's lips. There are || however, for the spherical bodies - especially for the multi-row - | not in the sense of solution systems as they were "puzzled out" for casting the magic j, since the number of possible i operations and the number of representable patterns for the / spherical bodies are very high. If you look at these. ·; So if bodies are looking for systems, there are also very many of them. The player who has passed the "high school of the magic q dice game" is now faced to the greatest possible extent with the requirement to think ahead and to do as much as possible in three-dimensional space To introduce operations. pj The further description is based on four embodiments | examples (subclaims): | 1. subclaim ; In the drawings (Pig. 6 to Fig. 9) | a two-row spherical body is shown, the ij on its surface 72 (seventy-two) running blocks carries j (R = 2, n = 72). The drawings show the construction principle zip, according to which all multi -row spherical bodies are to be built f _A (only spheres with R = 1 are easier to design) " From the true-to-scale (not completely correct) construct ^ tion drawings and the associated explanation of symbols p, Almost everything essential can already be seen. 1 In Figure 9, a running block is shown. His shoe will be | guided in the runner channels (guide troughs) (67). An egg Clean and even guidance is essential in the case of the I presented Construction principle guaranteed. u The double rows cross at 8 (eight) crossing | Positions each at an angle of 90 °. Between the | three double rows (in a sense two great circles and an I. Equator great circle) remain 8 (eight) spherical triangles j§ free (solid), which enclose spherical angles of 90 ° | (Sum of angles: 270 °). They are divided into facets in % 4 (four) plane triangles (equiangular-equilateral), the | are angled by 30 ° to each other (see Fig. 6 and | Fig. 8 and explanation of symbols). I. Minor details not shown in the drawings and which nevertheless apply to this as well as to the three subclaims described below: The ball or the ball-like body should be able to be screwed apart and can disintegrate into two equal halves, so that the individual running blocks can be removed and reinserted permit. A simple screw cap should be used, which should only ensure that the two halves after the Always screw together exactly on top of one another. So that the rows can always be moved easily, they must not be shifted to one another at the crossing positions. Therefore, for each individual row in extension of the auxiliary line h (Fig. 8) in the bottom of the channel one on one Coil spring seated locking ball embedded (one locking ball per individual row), which - as soon as the row is correct stands - jumps up between two walking blocks. 2nd dependent claim: spherical body with three double rows as described in the 1st dependent claim, but with 96 (ninety-six) running blocks. The angle between the auxiliary lines g and j in FIG. 8 must then be 67.5 ° - divided into three times 22.5 °, there are not two but three running blocks in each row between these two auxiliary lines. (Model with R = 2 and η = 96). 3rd subclaim : spherical body as described in the first subclaim, but with three rows of three and a total of 162 (one hundred and sixty-two) running blocks. (Model with R = 3 and n = i62). 4th subclaim : Ball with R = 1 and η = 18 - single-row ball with a total of 18 (eighteen) running blocks. This bullet is. much more simply structured - the construction principle: -p is therefore not explained in more detail here. It is used as a learning and teaching toy for children from the age of zero to around 8 years ^x . It should have a diameter of approx. 7.5 to 8 cm so that it fits well in the hand of a small child. χ thought Second revision of the protection claims 1), / teaching and learning toys' consisting of a ball or a spherical body and associated running blocks (63), characterized in that in the surface of the body ring-shaped closed running channels (6?) are embedded in such a way that they cross each other at angles of 90 degrees (Fig. 6) There are either three ring-shaped closed running channels embedded in the body or (based on the same construction principle) three times two, three times three or three times four canals, with two, three or four ring-shaped closed running channels are arranged side by side. The running channels are shaped so that running blocks which can be moved were inserted into them and sit on the surface of the body with their foot part (shoe) held in them and are guided (Fig. 7). If all running channels are equipped with running blocks, the running blocks are butt to butt and form closed rows. Between the intersecting rows, eight triangular surfaces of the body remain uncovered by running blocks. The spherical body is apparent from a cube, wherein the edges have been rounded at a central angle of the curves of 90 degrees. The centers of the radii (64) for the roundings lie on the edges of an imaginary cube in the center of the body. The body and the running blocks are made of plastic or some other castable material. 2) teaching and learning toys according to claim 1, characterized in that that the body consists of two equal halves that can be screwed apart to allow insertion or To enable removal of the associated running blocks. Inserted running blocks are after screwing together the Both halves can be displaced in the running channels but then no longer withdraw from them. 3) teaching and learning toys according to claim 1 and 2, characterized marked that in the bottom * 'of each channel one locking ball seated on a coil spring is embedded. 4) teaching and learning toys according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized characterized in that the body carries a spherical cavity in its interior for receiving rattle objects. 5) teaching and learning toys according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 _f, characterized in that the body consists of eight parts that can be disassembled and reassembled in the manner of a spatial-mechanical puzzles (patience game). Connection of the individual parts with plug, twist or screw caps. 6) teaching and learning toys according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that that in the uncovered by running blocks triangular surfaces of the body threads are incorporated for screwing various accessories.