DE805786C - Component, process for its manufacture, device for carrying out this process and process for the manufacture of structures - Google Patents

Description

Component, process for its production, device for implementation this method and method for producing structures The invention relates focus on a new type of component, a process for the decoration of such parts, on devices for carrying out this process, on processes with the meu-like Components to produce structures and to structures produced by this method.

The component according to the invention, which is particularly as a plate-shaped or wall-shaped component is used, is preferably four as a lattice layer structure or more layers of parallel, numerous in relation to the size of the component, thin, intersecting and with each other at some or all of the intersection points connected rods composed, preferably at least one of their strength have the same distance from each other. The lattice layer structure made up of layers is expedient composed of rods which are at right angles and in both 1) iagonalriclttnn "en cross. There: a lattice layered structure made up of crossed bars proves to be so sustainable. <let it be used for the production of the load-bearing outer walls of buildings lets use. It can be produced simply and cheaply even by laypeople, and the components formed in this way have a much lower weight than passive battery parts, so that they are correspondingly easier to handle, possibly even without a machine Aids and can be assembled in larger dimensions than this. The enclosed cavities guarantee, even if they are only with air and not are filled with particularly good insulating materials, which can also be achieved has good insulating properties against the passage of sound and heat. By doing Lattice layering allows pipes and lines of all kinds (installations) to be easily created accommodate.

In one embodiment, the bars are strips of wood. There very thin rods, e.g. B. with a cross section of I5 X I $ mm or with U mm Use the cheapest waste wood for the production of the rods are used. Pole with a thin cross-section can also be used consume with minimal waste. If it is convenient, for some, especially for the most stressed bar layers across the entire component On the other hand, rods can be used in a component of any size Use up any short rods if they only have at least two fastening points pass over.

In a further invention, metal profiles, optionally Hollow profiles, used. The lattice layer structure creates such a loosened up Structures represent that for the formation of relatively large structures only so little of the relatively expensive metallic materials is needed that the load-bearing wall component as such produced from them in the manner according to the invention is cheap. The invention therefore also makes it possible to produce metallic, load-bearing wall components of low weight and good insulating properties.

Other embodiments arise when, for. B. Rods made of plastics, z. B. Kunstharzpreßstoffen be used. In still other embodiments are bars made of different materials or bar layers made of bars of different materials Materials used jointly in the grid layering of the same component. Possibly if rods are used that have been pretreated against harmful influences, z. B. wooden sticks soaked with preservatives or otherwise impregnated are or metal rods, the surface of which is made corrosion-resistant or with protective layers is covered.

The cross-sectional shape of the rods used allows a wide range of modification options, regardless of whether they are full or hollow cross-sections. It can be z. B. T or I profiles or toothed or serrated pipe cross-sections and the like. Use cross-sectional shapes. Instead of rods that are smooth in length, rods can be used whose cross-sectional shape changes in many ways over their length, e.g. B. rods that are corrugated or grooved in one or more directions, toothed or jagged, twisted, humped or provided with approaches and / or openings. The arrangement of openings helps to reduce weight, the arrangement of unevenness secures a good connection with any insulating materials or the like that have been cast in.

The connecting rods at the crossing points Means also allow numerous implementation options. Let it go through fastening means passing through the rods and / or at the fastening points Use encompassing means and / or means that adhere directly to one another of the rods. Obtain fasteners passing through the rods z. B. nails, rivets or screws, also staples and wire staples (so-called staples) into consideration, brackets, ties, z. B. with iron band and crimps made of wire or the like by welding, spot welding, soldering, gluing or gluing, the rods can be attached directly to one another.

The invention also consists in the lattice layer system, preferably parallel to the plane of the greatest dimension of the component or parallel to all of them To attach at least one flat separating layer to outer surfaces, e.g. B. made of insulating paper, Insulating cardboard, insulating mat, metal foil or plastic film between two Bar racks, preferably near the outer bar racks. There can be embodiments Realize with just one such separating layer and with several or many separating layers. The intermediate layers allow multiple insulating layers of air, if necessary different strengths, train. In a preferred embodiment, each is one Separating layer attached near the innermost and near the outermost bar shelf.

The invention further consists in components of the type mentioned thereby produce that rods in rows on a laying tray or grate, z. B. on one Wooden floor, a template floor, on tables put together, a beam grate o. the like. are placed on which directional means for the rods are attached, the expedient both two substantially perpendicular to one another and also diagonal Determine directions for the bars to be layered next to one another, after which, possibly with the interposition of the already mentioned flat, to the laying floor parallel separating layers, the rods stacked in layers at the crossing points are connected to each other until finally the component formed in this way from the laying base is lifted off and, if necessary, the rod ends protruding along its outline cut off z. B. be sawed off.

If wooden sticks are used and connected to one another by nails, various methods can be used here. Such a method consists in first laying n layers of rods on top of one another and then nailing them through jointly at the crossing points, after which n minus yn further layers are applied and jointly nailed onto the respective preceding layer.

When connecting the wooden sticks by nailing, you can also proceed as follows: that first all rod layers are placed on top of one another, after which the upper Layers at the intersection points are jointly drilled. Then be through the pre-drilled holes and nails through the lower, non-pierced rod positions driven through, which thus pass through all rod layers. If nails are used that are so long that their tips come from the bottom Stick out, these protruding nail ends can be turned over, like this that a kind of riveting is achieved, that of the strength Of the whole benefits. Instead of knocked over nails, with prior drilling Push bolts through the holes of all rod racks, which is right be riveted, or screw bolts, nuts screwed onto their threaded ends will.

The components formed according to the invention from lattice layering can be as a whole, e.g. B. produce floor-to-ceiling wall parts. Contain such Parts of openings, e.g. B. for doors or windows, such openings can be When manufacturing the component, leave it out in this. When placing the bars on the shelf are z. B. selected from the outset rods of suitable length that only reach up to a template placed on the shelf. It is also possible to cut out openings from full lattice layering, with wooden sticks produced lattice layering z. B. to saw out. Here, too, is an essential one general advantage of the lattice layering system.

The directional means through which the rods to be placed on the laying shelf Get the desired location, allow a variety of design options. she exist z. B. standing perpendicular to the surface of the shelf, if necessary Pins connected to forks, which are at least as long as the thickest to be produced Component is thick.

Devices can also be used in which these directional means, z. B. pens or forks, located on a special, beyond the laying shelf Support part, e.g. B. a movable plate, fixed protruding through the shelf are in such a way that they move backwards together out of the finished component can be. With such a device, the pins can be uniform pull it out of the finished lattice structure so that jamming is avoided becomes, as it can happen, when the component is fastened by pins in the laying shelf is lifted off and slightly tilted. In any case, the shelf does not need one to represent a closed surface, but it can be dissolved in a rust.

It is useful to arrange the directional means in groups, the individual directional means have such a distance from each other that the rods after Choice between them vertically or diagonally crossing each other can and distribute such groups on the laying floor that by passing through of a rod by at least two such groups determine the direction of the rod is.

If buildings, e.g. B. single-family houses, with components of the described Kind are established, z. B. on a foundation or a building base ceiling beam of any type placed on which designed as a grid layer work, their weight are preferably placed by hand movable components and by z. Am two mutually perpendicular directions anchors drawn through them, e.g. B. round bars, be clamped, with expedient transmission members such. B. Plates, for transmission the tensile forces are used, especially when the tensile forces act on the latticework be transferred by themselves and not on special posts, as in other cases happens. Even if the floor is not chosen from a layered grid, that because of its heat-insulating effect, it works particularly well as a ground floor floor are suitable on the foundation or on the basement or plinth ceiling post designed as a prefabricated component, e.g. B. concrete or wooden posts at the corners and in other places where it depends on the dimensions of the structure and the made Lattice layer work produced components appears appropriate, z. B. also to the Places where partitions meet the outer walls. Then the Fields between these posts through wall components that are expediently manufactured in one piece closed from lattice layer work, and these are, with the posts, again expediently by tie rods, e.g. B. round iron, clamped.

In a further invention, multi-storey, lattice layered work Manufactured supporting wall components are used, their load-bearing capacity in the range of the following Floor compared to that in the area of the preceding is reduced, z. B. by Using a smaller number of rod layers or by using thinner ones or other types of rods.

The latticework is easy to plaster. If necessary, the Outermost bar storage of walls consisting of lattice layer work in front of a flat one Interlayer used directly as a plaster base. With other types of execution become special on the outermost bar layers of poison layers used as walls Plaster base, e.g. B. wire mesh, piping o. The like., Attached to the subsequently Exterior or interior plaster is applied. Instead of plastering, they can be left out Lattice layered components of existing supporting and / or partition walls or other Complete components with cladding panels that create a closed exterior and form inner skin or shell, e.g. B. by wood, fiber, sheet metal or plastic panels or the like

If ceiling joists or other supporting parts on the grid layer "Verk existing load-bearing walls or used in sections of the lattice layer structure In many cases it is expedient to put the load on the latticework distributing components, e.g. B. panels or boards to be interposed, similar to special intermediate components are mentioned for the transmission of the tensioning forces of the tie rods became. In places where a priori with the absorption of greater forces to is to be expected, the grid layer work can also be reinforced during manufacture. Sometimes it will be useful to use stronger ones in the edge zone of the lattice layer structure To use rods, e.g. B. in the face of a wall component on which ceiling joists o. The like. To be placed. When using the latticework components it is particularly easy to mutually determine components that are next to one another, because the latticework is ideal for hanging hooks or brackets and the like, as is also the case for pushing through because of the continuous cavities formed in it of anchors, pipes and the like, also for laying through all kinds of installations is particularly suitable.

When working with components made of lattice layering, you can also As with other construction methods, use grid systems with advantage, namely will the grid dimensions appropriate for the dimensions of the clear widths of the building and the this filling, made of lattice building panels, z. B. the floor, Exterior and partition panels, used. It can then be z. B. Floor panels Assemble to dimensions that, like the outer wall panels, between the post spacing fit.

Other New and Advanced Features of Invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing and the claims.

Fig. I is a partial plan view of a laying shelf with applied Rods.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatically drawn partial view of a laminated structure existing component.

Fig.3 shows a cross section through a single-family house which the supporting and partition walls as well as the floors made of latticework panels are made.

Fig. 4 shows the house shown in Fig. 3 partly in view, partly in section perpendicular to the sectional plane of FIG. 3.

Fig. 5 shows details on a larger scale. According to Fig. I are on the shelf i bars 2 placed, also these bars 3 crossing at right angles as well Rods 4 and 5, which are at 45 ° to the former rods in both diagonal directions get lost. Alignment pins 6 to 9 are attached in groups on the laying shelf, especially along the edges of the shelf. The pins 6 and 7 have such a distance from each other, that the rods 2 can be passed between them. By having a rod 2 is passed through the corresponding pins of two pin groups, is his Location fixed. If the stick reaches over the whole laying floor, it is sufficient if a group of pens is provided on the opposite edges of the shelf through which the rod passes. The pins of the pin pairs 6, 8 and 7, 9 have such a distance from each other that the diagonally lying rods 4 and 5 between them can be passed through. When carried out appropriately by two groups of pens the position of the bars is determined again. If it consists of four alignment pins Groups of pins also within the field of the shelf, not just on it Edge are attached, it is recommended that the distance between the pins of the pin pairs 6, 8 and 7, 9 to make so large that the rods 2 perpendicularly crossing rods 3 can be passed between these pairs of pins. In general it is sufficient it is only necessary to arrange groups of two alignment pins within the area of the laying shelf, put through each of the bars of one direction or also diagonal bars will. Only two rods are also used at the corners of the laying shelf, e.g. B. the Rods io and i i in Fig. I.

When the desired number of rod layers are stacked, attach the rods at the crossing points at 12 by means of suitable fasteners 12 'connected to each other. In the example shown in Fig. I are along the Edges of the laying shelf at an angle to one another rods 13 and 14 of larger cross-section arranged.

The rods have z. B. a cross section of 15 X i5 mm or 15 mm Diameter. The profile cross-sections also move in other exemplary embodiments between 25 and 25o qmm.

The bars 2, 3, 4 and 5 are preferably equidistant from one another. In the example according to FIG. I, the spacing of the bars 5 is 15, that of the bars 2 entered with 16. The lower limit of a bar spacing that is still a sufficient one Loosening of the entire component is achieved when the smallest Bar spacing is equal to bar thickness. The less load-bearing capacity of the components is required and the lighter they should be, the greater the distance between the individual Rods from each other are chosen. In most of the examples, the distances are expediently between 20 and 400 mm. 'Variations arise if instead of being at right angles intersecting bar layers that cross at an angle can be selected and if further layers of bars used whose directions differ from the diagonal directions by smaller ones or larger angular amounts differ.

Continuous cavities remain within the lattice layer structure (cf. 17 and 18 in FIG. I). In the example according to FIGS. 3 and 4, steel profiles 20 or wooden beams 21 or precast concrete parts 22 are placed as ceiling beams on a foundation or a building base. On these rest floor panels 23 and 24 produced in the manner described from lattice layer work. B. existing tie rods 25 held together. The tie rods are expediently passed through the floor panels in two directions crossing each other at right angles. In FIG. 5 it can be seen how such an anchor 25 passed through a floor plate 23 is anchored in a post 26. However, it is also possible to brace the anchors on the latticework itself, expediently with the interposition of intermediate members that distribute the tensile force on the latticework. The posts 26 are placed on the basement ceiling or on the foundation at the corners and along the length of the house. In the example shown, there are wooden posts, but they are z. B. can be replaced by precast concrete parts. In the fields between the posts 26 are the _ \ ußemvaudteile 2; used, which consist of lattice layering and from which window and door openings are cut out. The partition walls 28 are also components made of latticework. The outer walls and the partition walls are braced to one another by anchors 29, which correspond to the anchors 25. The anchor ends are housed within the posts 26 in sleeves 31, on the bottom of which the nuts 30 screwed onto the ends of the tie rods or any heads that may be present on the tie rods rest. The recessed arrangement of the ends of the tie rods has the advantage that a smooth outer surface remains, from which no interfering parts protrude during plastering or cladding. The sleeves 3 1 are expediently closed by covers 32 so that the nuts 30 remain accessible.

Roof trusses are placed on the walls, which are useful as three-hinged trusses are formed and the lower chords also form the ceiling beams. In Fig. 3 three examples of roof trusses 34, 35 and 36 are drawn, all as Have ceiling beams used lower chords 33. These roof trusses are useful in a manner known per se from flap-like processed boards placed on edge which are held together by bolts 37. By one in the drawing The individual roof trusses are in the correct position when the cross bracing is not visible held. The lower chords 33 can be on the walls 27, for. B. by hook o. The like. Set that extend into the wall lattice work (see. Fig. 5 above). the Roof cladding itself can be of any known type.

Although it is to be regarded as an advantage that the components are after the invention easily produce even by unskilled or semi-skilled workers and can be used, the manufacturing process can also be largely carried out in the same way ineclianize.

Components made of lattice layering of the type described cannot be used me as wall, floor and ceiling components, but z. B. also as joists or use as bridge components. They are also suitable as non-load-bearing components for partition walls z. 13. also as filling walls or other filling components between load-bearing components. Finally, components according to the invention can also be used outside use of space-enclosing structures independently, e.g. B. as a freestanding or supported exhibition walls or walls for large billboards or as large advertising figures, as backdrops or the like. In these cases, grid layers made of thin, large spaced bars.

Leave in the window cut-outs provided in the lattice layer window frames of any type can easily be used, e.g. B. without additional funds wedge between the slightly springy rod ends of the latticework. Particularly easy is the insertion of the window frame when exactly dimensionally stable metal window frames can be used in conjunction with the latticework components. Except horizontal Stressing anchors can also be used in other directions, especially those that run vertically Install anchor.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Component, especially plate-shaped, marked by means of a grid layer system of preferably four or more layers, each parallel, in a number appropriate to the size of the component, thinner, more intersecting and on some or all of the intersections of interconnected bars (2, 3, 4, 5), which preferably have at least one of their strength the same distance from each other. z. Component according to claim i, characterized in that the lattice layering consists of Layers of rods (2, 3, 4, 5) are composed, which are essentially at right angles and cross in diagonal directions. 3. Component according to claim i or 2, characterized characterized in that the bars (2, 3, 4, 5) are strips of wood. 4. Component according to claim i or 2, characterized in that the bars are metal profiles, optionally hollow profiles are. 5. Component according to claim i or 2, characterized in that the rods from Plastics, e.g. H. Kunstharzpreßstoffen are made. 6. Component according to claim i or 2, characterized in that rods or layers of rods from different Materials are connected to one another to form a common component. 7th component according to claim i or 2, characterized by pretreated against harmful influences, z. B. impregnated or provided with surface protective layers rods. . Component according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized by the use of rod clu cuts with a large section modulus, e.g. B. T- or I-Profileti, toothed or serrated Cross-sections. o. Component according to one of Claims 3 to S, characterized by the use of rods whose cross-sectional shape extends over the length of the rods changes, e.g. B. of corrugated, toothed, serrated, twisted, hunched or bars provided with approaches and / or perforations. ok Component after a of claims 3 to 9, characterized by the use of lamellar composite, z. B. glued rods. i i. Component according to claim i or one of the following, characterized in that passing through the rods at the fastening points Fastening means, e.g. B. nails, staples, rivets or screws are attached. 12. Component according to claim i or one of the following, characterized in that spanning the rods at the fastening points Appropriate means are e.g. B. brackets, bonds, curls o. The like. 13. Component according to claim i i or 12, characterized by the use of rustproof, metallic fasteners for the bars. 14. Component according to claim i or one of the following, characterized in that that the rods are attached directly to one another at the fastening points, for. B. welded, spot welded, soldered, glued or glued together are. 15. Component according to claim i or one of the following, characterized by at least one planar separating layer, e.g. B. made of insulating paper, insulating cardboard, insulating mats, Metal foil or plastic foil between two bar layers, preferably close the outer bar shelves. 16. Component according to claim i or one of the following, characterized characterized in that the cavities (17, 18) of the honeycomb lattice work with insulating materials, z. B. fiber masses or cast insulating masses are filled. 17. Procedure for the production of components according to claim i or one of the following, characterized in that that the bars (2, 3, 4, 5) are piled up in rows on a shelf (i) or grate are attached to which directional means (6 to ii) for the rods, the appropriate both two mutually perpendicular and the associated diagonal directions for specify the bars to be layered next to and on top of one another, that afterwards, if necessary with the interposition of flat separating layers parallel to the laying base, in layers stacked rods connected to each other at the crossing points (12) and finally the component formed in this way is lifted off the shelf (i) will. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the rods (2 to 5) are attached to the laying shelf (i) so that their ends over the boundary, of the component to be produced protrude slightly, and that after connecting the stacked The protruding ends of the rods are jointly cut off along the outline of the component, z. B. be sawed off. i9. A method according to claim 17 or 18 using to be connected by nailing wooden rods, characterized in that initially one Number of layers of bars placed on top of one another and then at the crossing points (12) be nailed through jointly, after which a further weaker stratification in each case applied and jointly nailed to the previous layer will. 2o. Method according to claim 17 or 18 using nailing to connecting wooden rods, characterized in that initially all rod layers are placed on top of each other, after which the upper layers are jointly pierced, after which through the pre-drilled holes and the lower, non-drilled rod layers Nails are driven through, which thus go through all rod layers, after which, if necessary, the nail ends protruding through the lowest bar layers be handled. 21. The method according to claim 17 or one of the following, for Manufacture of components representing entire walls, characterized in that when placing the bars on the shelf (i) by choosing bars of suitable length, z. B. along a stencil or the like placed on the shelf, openings for doors or windows are cut out in the surface of the component. 22. Device for Implementation of the method according to claim 17 or one of the following, characterized in that that the alignment means attached to the laying shelf (i) are perpendicular to the surface pins (6 to i i) consist of at least as long as the thickest component to be produced is thick. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the directional means, z. B. pens (6 to i i) or forks, on a special one, beyond the shelf (i) located support part, z. B. a movable plate, through the shelf (i) are attached so that they protrude from the finished component together can be moved backwards. 24. Apparatus according to claim 22 or 23, characterized by the arrangement of directional means in groups, the individual Directional means have such a distance from one another that the rods of choice are can be passed between them vertically or crossing diagonally, and that such groups are so distributed on the laying floor that by passing them through of a rod by at least two such groups determine the direction of the rod is. 25. A method for the manufacture of structures with components according to one of the claims i to 16, characterized in that components designed as a lattice layer structure as load-bearing walls, possibly also as ceiling or floor components (23, 24), Partition walls (28) and other load-bearing structural parts, e.g. B. Roof components used will. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized by the use of at least one storey high, designed as a grid layered panels. 27 Method according to claims 25 and 26 for the production of single-storey buildings, in particular Single-family houses, characterized in that on a foundation or a building base (i9) ceiling beams of any type (20, 21) are placed on which as a lattice layering trained according to their weight preferably manually movable Components (23, 24) placed and z. B. in two mutually perpendicular directions anchors (25) drawn through them, e.g. B. round bars, clamped together, where appropriate transmission members, z. B. Plates, for the transmission of tensile forces, especially when transferring to the latticework. 28. Procedure according to Claim 27, characterized in that the z. B. with components (23, 24) Basement or plinth ceiling produced by a lattice layer work as prefabricated components trained posts (26), e.g. B. concrete or wooden posts, at the corners and possibly be erected at the points where the partition walls meet the outer walls, after which the fields between these posts by expediently manufactured in one piece Wall components (27) made of lattice layering closed Nverden, which with the posts again expediently by tie rods (29), for. B. round bars are clamped. 29. Procedure according to claim 25 or one of the following, characterized by the use of multi-storey load-bearing wall components made from lattice layer work, their Load-bearing capacity in the area of the next floor compared to that of the previous one is reduced, e.g. B. by using a smaller number of trays or by using thinner or different rods. 30. The method according to claim 25 or one of the following, characterized in that the outermost stick layer of Walls consisting of a lattice layer directly in front of a flat intermediate layer is used as a plaster base. 31. The method according to claim 25 or one of the following, characterized in that used as walls on the outermost bar layers Lattice layer works special plaster base, z. B. wire mesh, piping, etc. Like. Be attached to the exterior or interior plaster is then applied. 32. The structure produced according to the method of claim 25 or one of the following, characterized in that the load-bearing parts ordered from lattice layered components and or partition walls by cladding panels that have a closed exterior or Inner skin or shell form, e.g. B. by wood, fiber, sheet metal or plastic panels, Are completed. 33. The method according to claim 25 or one of the following, characterized characterized in that ceiling joists or other supporting parts on the layered lattice work existing load-bearing walls with the interposition of the load on the latticework Components, e.g. B. boards, laid on or in sections of the lattice layer work can be used. 34. Building produced according to the method according to claim 28, characterized in that the clamping heads in the post (26) within in these inserted sleeves (31) or the like which can be closed by covers (32) or the like. are sunk. 35. The method according to claim 25 or one of the following, e.g. B. after Claim 33 or 34, characterized by the use of a grid system for the dimensions of the clear widths of the building and the lattice layering that fills them existing building boards, e.g. B. Floor. Exterior and partition panels.