DE804777C - Process for the production of dense ceramic bodies - Google Patents
Process for the production of dense ceramic bodiesInfo
- Publication number
- DE804777C DE804777C DEP23354D DEP0023354D DE804777C DE 804777 C DE804777 C DE 804777C DE P23354 D DEP23354 D DE P23354D DE P0023354 D DEP0023354 D DE P0023354D DE 804777 C DE804777 C DE 804777C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- marl
- dolomite
- dense ceramic
- melted
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/195—Alkaline earth aluminosilicates, e.g. cordierite or anorthite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung dichter keramischer Körper Dichte keramische Körper, besonders solche, die als elektrische Isolatoren wegen ihrer guten Festigkeitswerte und ihres hohen Isolationsvermögens vielfach Verwendung gefunden haben, kann man aus Speckstein oder geeigneten Talkumsorten herstellen. Diese Rohstoffe werden fein zerkleinert, mit einem Bindemittel versehen, geformt und gebrannt. Für diese sogenannten Steatiterzeugnisse ist aber nur ein beschränkter Rohstoff vorrat verfügbar, so daß der große, für derartige Körper vorhandene Bedarf nicht überall gedeckt «-erden kann.Process for the production of dense ceramic bodies Dense ceramic Bodies, especially those used as electrical insulators because of their good strength values and their high insulation properties have been used many times over Manufacture from soapstone or suitable types of talc. These raw materials become fine crushed, provided with a binding agent, shaped and fired. For these so-called But steatite products are only available in a limited supply of raw materials, so that the great demand that exists for such bodies is not met everywhere can.
Es hat nicht an Vorschlägen gefehlt, den Speckstein durch einen anderen Rohstoff aus Magnesit und geeigneten Zusatzstoffen zu ersetzen, ohne daß die in dieser Richtung gehenden Versuche zu einem vollen Erfolg geführt hätten.There was no shortage of suggestions, the soapstone by someone else To replace raw material made of magnesite and suitable additives without the in Attempts in this direction would have led to complete success.
Gemäß der Erfindung gelingt es, dichte keramische Körper, die in bezug auf die mechanischen und elektrischen Werte den aus Speckstein hergestellten Erzeugnissen gleichwertig sind, aus einem in reichhaltiger ?Menge verfügbaren Grundstoff herzustellen, der dabei zerkleinert, mit einem Bindemittel versehen, geformt und gebrannt wird, indem als Grundstoff gebrannter oder geschmolzener Dolomitmergel dient. Wesentliche Bestandteile des Dolomitmergels, der an vielen Stellen in großer Menge an der Erdoberfläche vorhanden ist, sind neben der Kieselsäure und der Tonerde die Oxyde des Calciums und Magnesiums. Beim Erhitzen auf höhere Temperaturen erfolgt unter Volumenverminderung eine Bildung von Calcium- und Magnesiumsilicaten, die für die Erzielung eines dichten keramischen Körpers wichtig ist. Das Brennen hat also bei so hoher Temperatur zu erfolgen, daß bei dem Rohstoff die Silicatbildung bereits weitgehend stattfindet. Findet die Silicatbildung nur unvollkommen statt, so ist bei dem Brennen der fertigen Körper mit einem weiteren Schwinden der Allasse ztr rechnen, was die Erzielung maßhaltiger Gegenstände erschwert. Am vollkommensten vollzieht sich die Umwandlung dann, wenn der Dolomitmergel bis zum Schmelzen erhitzt wird, welches gewöhnlich bei einer Temperatur von 1350 bis 140o° erfolgt. Zur Erzielung besonderer Eigenschaften des Endproduktes können dem Dolomitmergel vor dem Brennen oder Schmelzen andere Stoffe beigegeben werden, wie Magnesit, Titanoxyd, Natriumtitanat, Borkalk, Quarz.According to the invention, it is possible to create dense ceramic bodies, which in relation on the mechanical and electrical values of products made from soapstone are equivalent to produce from a raw material that is available in abundant quantities, which is crushed, provided with a binding agent, shaped and fired, by using burnt or melted dolomite marl as the raw material. Essential Components of dolomite marl, which is found in large quantities on the earth's surface in many places is present, besides silicic acid and clay, the oxides of calcium and magnesium. When heated to higher temperatures, the volume is reduced a formation of calcium and magnesium silicates necessary for the achievement of a dense ceramic body is important. The burning has to stop at such a high temperature take place that the silicate formation already largely takes place in the raw material. If the silicate formation takes place only imperfectly, then the finished product is during the firing Body with a further shrinkage of the Alassa ztr reckon what making it difficult to achieve dimensionally stable objects. It is most perfect the transformation occurs when the dolomite marl is heated until it melts, which usually takes place at a temperature of 1350 to 140o °. To achieve special Properties of the end product can be the dolomite marl before burning or melting other substances are added, such as magnesite, titanium oxide, sodium titanate, boron lime, Quartz.
Das Brennen des Dolomitmergels kann vorzugsweise in einem Drehrohrofen vorgenommen werden, in dem eine Erhitzung bis nahe an den Schmelzpunkt erfolgt. Der Dolomitmergel kann auch in einem Tiegelofen oder Wannenofen unmittelbar zum Schmelzen gebracht werden.The firing of the dolomite marl can preferably be done in a rotary kiln be carried out by heating to near the melting point. The dolomite marl can also be used directly in a crucible furnace or tank furnace Melted.
Der gebrannte oder geschmolzene Dolomitmergel wird, gegebenenfalls plötzlich, abgekühlt und alsdann auf eine geeignete Korngröße zerkleinert. Für die meisten Verwendungszwecke kommt eine Zerkleinerung in Frage, wie sie in der Feinkeramik üblich ist, nämlich auf eine unfühlbar feine Teilchengröße.The burned or melted dolomite marl is, if necessary suddenly, cooled and then crushed to a suitable grain size. For the Comminution, as in fine ceramics, can be used for most purposes is common, namely to an imperceptibly fine particle size.
Der zerkleinerte Rohstoff wird alsdann mit einem Bindemittel versehen, in die gewünschten Formen gebracht und gebrannt. Neben dem Bindemittel, als das in erster Linie Tone oder Kaoline dienen können, können andere keramische Rohstoffe, wie Feldspat, Pegmatit, Speckstein, Chromoxyd, Borkalk, zugegeben werden, um die Eigenschaften des Endproduktes in bestimmter Weise zu beeinflussen. Die Zusatzstoffe können entweder gesondert oder mit dem bereits geschmolzenen oder gebrannten Dolomitmergel zusammen zerkleinert werden. Zusammen mit dem Bindemittel werden alle Stoffe innig gemischt und alsdann weiterverarbeitet.The comminuted raw material is then provided with a binding agent, brought into the desired shapes and fired. Besides the binder, than that Primarily clays or kaolins can be used, other ceramic raw materials, such as feldspar, pegmatite, soapstone, chromium oxide, boron lime, are added to the To influence properties of the end product in a certain way. The additives can either separately or with the already melted or burned dolomite marl be crushed together. Together with the binding agent, all substances become intimate mixed and then further processed.
Eine besonders geeignete Mischung zur Herstellung elektrischer Isolatoren besteht aus 65 bis 75 0/0 fein zerkleinerten gebrannten oder geschmolzenen Dolomitmergels und 25 bis 35% eines plastischen Rohstoffes, wie Ton oder Kaolin.A particularly suitable mixture for the production of electrical insulators consists of 65 to 75 0/0 finely chopped burnt or melted dolomite marl and 25 to 35% of a plastic raw material such as clay or kaolin.
Der gebrannte oder geschmolzene Dolomitmergel kann, unter Zugabe eines Bindemittels, auch bei der Herstellung elektrischer Heizelemente als Einbettmasse für die elektrischen Widerstandsdrähte benutzt werden. Hierbei empfiehlt es sich, einen Teil des Gutes mit gröberer Körnung, beispielsweise bis zu 04 mm, zu benutzen.The burned or melted dolomite marl can, with the addition of a Binder, also in the manufacture of electrical heating elements as an investment used for the electrical resistance wires. It is recommended that to use part of the goods with a coarser grain size, for example up to 04 mm.
Aus dem geschmolzenen Dolomitmergel können, gegebenenfalls ohne Zusatz eines Bindemittels, in geeigneten Formen Gegenstände unmittelbar gegossen werden. Hierbei ist zur Vermeidung von Rissen eine allmähliche Abkühlung vorzuziehen. Ausführungsbeispiel Ein Dolomitmergel hatte in geglühtem Zustand folgende chemische Zusammensetzung: Si 02 39,710/0, Ti 02 0,74 %, A12 03 14,36 %, Fe2 03 4,48 %, Ca 0 ig,gi %, Mg0 16,23%, Y,20 1,290/0, Na20 3,37°/0, S O.3 o, i 1 0/0.Objects can be cast directly in suitable molds from the molten dolomite marl, if necessary without the addition of a binding agent. Gradual cooling is preferable to avoid cracks. Exemplary embodiment A dolomite marl in the annealed state had the following chemical composition: Si 02 39.710 / 0, Ti 02 0.74%, A12 03 14.36%, Fe2 03 4.48%, Ca 0 ig, gi%, Mg0 16.23% , Y, 20 1.290 / 0, Na 20 3.37 ° / 0, S O.3 o, i 1 0/0.
Dieser Mergel wurde bei SK 1o/1 i gebrannt, vorzerkleinert und in einer Trommelmühle unfühlbar fein gemahlen. Zu 7o Teilen des feingemahlenen Rohstoffes wurden 3o Teile eines plastischen Rohtones von Siershahn mit einem Tonerdegehalt von 32 bis 35 %, im anderen Falle die gleiche Menge rotbrennender Ton von Meudt gegeben. Das Gemenge wurde gut gemischt und auf der Filterpresse entwässert. Die Masse kann nach jedem der in der Keramik üblichen Formgebungsverfahren durch Pressen, Gießen oder Drehen weiterverarbeitet werden und wird bei etwa SK 9 gebrannt.This marl was burned at SK 1o / 1 i, pre-crushed and in ground impossibly finely in a drum mill. To 7o parts of the finely ground raw material were 3o parts of a plastic raw clay from Siershahn with an alumina content from 32 to 35%, otherwise the same amount of red-burning clay from Meudt given. The batch was mixed well and drained on the filter press. the Mass can be produced using any of the shaping processes commonly used in ceramics by pressing, Casting or turning are processed further and is fired at around SK 9.
Die Biegefestigkeit der gewonnenen Erzeugnisse lag zwischen iooo und 130o kg/cm2.The flexural strength of the products obtained was between 100 and 130o kg / cm2.
Nach dem neuen Verfahren lassen sich nicht nur Geräte für die elektrische Installation sowohl bei Hoch- als auch bei Niederspannung, sondern auch laugefeste Auskleidungen für Behälter, chemische Apparate, ferner Mahlwerkzeuge, z. B. Kugeln für Trommelmühlen, und, unter Verwendung von Gut gröberer Körnung, auch Einbettmassen herstellen.According to the new process, not only devices for electrical Installation at both high and low voltage, but also alkali-proof Linings for containers, chemical apparatus, and grinding tools, e.g. B. balls for drum mills, and, when using good coarser grain, also investment materials produce.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP23354D DE804777C (en) | 1948-12-02 | 1948-12-02 | Process for the production of dense ceramic bodies |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP23354D DE804777C (en) | 1948-12-02 | 1948-12-02 | Process for the production of dense ceramic bodies |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE804777C true DE804777C (en) | 1951-04-30 |
Family
ID=7369164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEP23354D Expired DE804777C (en) | 1948-12-02 | 1948-12-02 | Process for the production of dense ceramic bodies |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE804777C (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE486218C (en) * | 1926-12-18 | 1929-11-13 | Felix Singer Dr Ing Dr | Process for the production of artificial, plagioclase-like masses |
DE661521C (en) * | 1936-02-02 | 1938-06-20 | Steatit Magnesia Akt Ges | Process for the production of an investment material for the insulation of the heating conductors of electrical heating devices |
-
1948
- 1948-12-02 DE DEP23354D patent/DE804777C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE486218C (en) * | 1926-12-18 | 1929-11-13 | Felix Singer Dr Ing Dr | Process for the production of artificial, plagioclase-like masses |
DE661521C (en) * | 1936-02-02 | 1938-06-20 | Steatit Magnesia Akt Ges | Process for the production of an investment material for the insulation of the heating conductors of electrical heating devices |
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