DE77092C - Facility for multiple telegraphy - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE

The present invention relates to one carried out using mechanical means System of multiple telegraphy on a wire, which the inventor »multiple tele- · graphy with self-distribution ”and which enables over eighty telegrams to be sent in same or opposite direction on one and the same wire at the same time convey, so that each telegram at its destination without disturbing the others arrives.

The present invention is based on the technical exploitation of the following, the Helmholtz's theorems about resonance corresponding principles.

Any body that performs vibratory movements in response to an electric current subject to the law:

ι. that it begins to vibrate, insofar as it is the current is influenced by another vibrating body at a point in its circuit, the vibration interval of which coincides with that of the first body;

2. That it remains at rest when the indicated current is in one point of its own Circuit is influenced by another vibrating body, whose vibration interval does not match that of the first body;

3. that he also remains at rest if the circuit is influenced by one any number of vibrating bodies experiences, none of which has the number of vibrations of the body in question. It can be the resultant of the circuit acting and caused by all vibrating bodies as changes a sum of forces in equilibrium in relation to the in Body to be set vibrating, whereby the total effect of the forces, since they are not in agreement, they are reduced to almost zero.

However, when to a majority of such vibrating bodies, they are not the same Have number of vibrations, one is added with the same number of vibrations, so it acts as if it were there alone and causes the oscillating movement of the first body.

The inventor makes use of the new device for multiple telegraphy usually the common Morse alphabet. However, every type of donor device is usable in connection with the new facility, insofar as it is with the help of the same it is possible to send current surges of different duration into the line, which Current surges are not continuous with the new system, but are composed of undulations occur, being the result of undulations or current changes of a given Vibration number resp. musical pitch corresponds to that for the individual Donor is different. While in this way sarcastic givers in connection with working on the same wire, the telegram signs flow together to a certain extent; they become automatically again according to the number of used ones Encoder or the telegrams sent

separately, so that the latter on arrival at the recipients of the "self-distributing" system be received separately, each by the recipient who is willing to cooperate has been determined in advance with the relevant donor. .

The main representation (Fig. I) is used for illustration of the telegraph operation from a station with a single transmitter and a simple receiver; -in Fig. 5 is illustrates the complete station facility with multiple transmitters, with one A series of individual simple transmitters or a combined transmitter can be considered comes.

With reference to Fig. 1, the simple transmitter consists of a tuning fork D, which has a certain pitch. On one of the legs d of this fork rests an electrical circuit piece h of such an arrangement that it is able to oscillate in accordance with the tuning fork D and, as a result, interrupts the ^{circuit enclosing the line ^ ^ 1} with every oscillation. At the time a telegram is sent, the tuning fork D is set into continuous oscillation electromagnetically, as shown at i , or with the aid of other means.

The wire of the line χ forms a threefold branch: for connection to an ordinary button M through the wires 11 ¹ , further for connection to the tuning fork D through the already mentioned lines \\ ^l and finally for the connection to a resistance device F through the wires yy ^x . Said resistance device can be regulated and consists of a rod-shaped piece / ² made of retort carbon, lead, iron or a similar material that offers a line resistance, to which a fixed and a movable (displaceable) clamp ff ¹ are attached so that by changing the distance both the volume resistance at the branch line yy ^{1 can be} increased or decreased.

It follows from this arrangement, that usually almost all the operating current through the lines ¹ and tt \ ^ ¹ goes, while the resistance-presenting line for only a small Stromantheil. As long as the Stromschlufs m ¹ on the button or transmitter M is closed, the successive interruptions that are caused in the Stromschlufsstück h by means of the tuning fork D due to their vibrations, have no influence on the line line χ . As soon as one m the button of the button M presses and thereby ff the current path ¹ at m ¹ interrupts, it remains as a current path first line \ ^ ^1, but the tuning fork D is interrupted h in a certain pace at which Stromschlufsstück according Mafsgabe of the vibrations so that with each such interruption the current is forced to make its way through the device F. Since a greater resistance has to be overcome at this point, pulses corresponding to the tuning fork vibrations are transmitted to the circuit with line cable χ as long as the pushbutton is held down.

Thereby, one DAF the resistance F properly adjusted and the resistances of the wires and tt ^l \ \ ^l respectively by its cross-section determined is obtained on the line χ very pronounced and noticeable undulations or current changes.

With the help of this system it is possible to tuning forks D can be set as a transformer and at different stations to use and have all χ act on the same line; so that as much telegraph offices with each other through a wire on the market at least eighty, under the supposition that the tuning forks are individually not tuned to the same note.

The self-induction is equal to zero, and the resistances F and the current intensity can easily be determined or calculated in such a way that the desired results are obtained. The gra _T phical table (Fig. 2) illustrating this in a simple manner. The numbers 1 to 9 designate the various transmission tuning forks in the table; the associated strong lines following in the horizontal direction should mean the duration of the oscillation during which the current flows through the line \ ^ ¹ . The broken line or curve drawn from w to w ¹ illustrates the resultant of the changes corresponding to the oscillations which the current in the line undergoes under the influence of the transmitter tuning forks 1 to 9, which are all assumed to be in simultaneous operation.

The simple, very sensitive receiver device, which is to be used according to the invention, consists according to FIG. 1 of a tuning fork D ¹ , between the legs d of which an electromagnet i ^{1 is} arranged. A single such electromagnet P is actually sufficient to make even a larger tuning fork vibrate. If the diameter of the core belonging to the half-magnet i ¹ is measured to be relatively small, then all vibrations show perfect certainty, and if the wire of the electromagnet winding is assumed to be short, any harmful influence of self-induction is avoided. In these circumstances it is possible to have more than eighty on the same line circuit

To arrange tuning fork receivers, whereby it is achieved that eighty telegrams can be received at the same time. Each tuning fork receiver υ ¹ is in agreement with the corresponding transmission tuning fork D.

At the upper end of each fork leg d of the receiver ^{tuning fork D 1} , a thin plate PP ^{1 made} of glass or other transparent material is attached to the plane of vibration. These platelets (Fig. 1 and 3) are arranged parallel to one another with the smallest possible spacing, but in such a way that they do not touch each other anywhere and that the free end of one of the platelets cannot, for example, hit the opposite leg d of the tuning fork D ¹ , which is the carrier of the other platelet. On each of the platelets PP ¹ a grid-like division is attached, consisting of narrow, alternating transparent and opaque strips, with offset of the divisions on the one and the other, fixedly attached to the tuning fork arms, in such a way that an opaque strip of one of the platelets transparent covers of the other.

The described device with the platelets PP ^x is arranged according to the outline sketch (Fig. 3) between two lenses η η ^Λ , which have their focal points respectively at u and j ' ¹ . In the focal point u there should be a light source, while in the focal point j ^l behind a diaphragm or screen plate provided with a slit or exposure opening, through which only the light rays passing through near the optical axis, a roller j is to be arranged, over which a strip is to be arranged photosensitive paper. "■. ■

As long as the tuning fork D ¹ does not vibrate, the bundle of light rays emanating from the light source u beyond the lens n, which causes a parallel direction of the rays, is intercepted by means of the overlapping plates PP ¹ by the transparent strips on the front plate P. incident light hits the opaque strips of the back plate P ' . In this position the two platelets act like an opaque screen, so that the light from the light source u is prevented from affecting the photosensitive paper on the roller j. On the other hand, the slightest oscillation of the tuning fork D ^{1 has} the consequence that the opaque and transparent strips of the platelets PP ¹ no longer coincide and expose a light beam away from the transparent strips of the platelet P. The light then falls on the lens n ¹ and is guided by this to the focal point at j ¹ on the paper on the roller. This, which is moved slowly past the exposure slit, consequently takes on photographic impressions which are marked as more or less wide transverse stripes, as shown in FIG. 4, when the tuning fork D ¹ oscillates at times in an interrupted sequence.

Reading of the telegram would also have to be accomplished with two ear trumpets, one end of which would be placed near each leg end of the tuning fork -D ¹ , while the other end would lead to the ears of the telegraph officer who is enabled by this device to record the telegram directly with the ear. The device is very sensitive and therefore particularly recommended for submarine telegraph operations, as well as for operation at great distances.

The following device is used as the display device when telegraphing begins. It is based on the fact that if the transmitter key M is pressed for a few seconds, the tuning fork D ¹ starts to vibrate particularly violently. One of the legs of the tuning fork, which has been turned into a conductor, hits an electrical circuit screw k, which closes the circuit of an electromagnet q and that of an electrical bell E , after the attracted armature ρ of the electromagnet q has a permanent electrical circuit, provided that it catches on an electrical hook q ¹ , has initiated (Fig. 1).

In the case of the device for submarine telegraph operation, the inventor uses a MeI-Ioni (thermal) battery as a display or alarm device, which is relocated to the focal point j ^{1 of} the arrangement according to FIG. 3 in place of the paper guide roller. If the tuning fork D ¹ then vibrates, the heat rays from the light source u falling on the thermal battery cause a pointer deflection on the galvanometer connected to the battery; the deflection of the pointer against an electrical connection piece can then be used for signaling an electrical bell.

Since under other circumstances the resistance of the line χ would turn out to be very high if a large number of tuning fork receivers were connected, the electromagnet i ^{l is used} to move the tuning fork D ¹ by means of a current transformer. or an induction coil L connected to the line χ . · The latter forms the main winding of the induction coil, the line ν ν ^{leading to the electromagnet i 1} but the secondary or secondary winding of the same.

The combined receiver shown in FIG. 5 comprises a straight or horseshoe-shaped electromagnet a, the pole or poles of which are presented by the ends of the tuning forks D ¹ , which are tuned to different pitches, each with one of the legs. The electromagnet α can be designed in any shape and arrangement, just as the grouping of the tuning forks D ¹ can be different without deviating from the setup principle of this receiver.

In the embodiment shown (Fig. 5), c designates a circular Gufsplatte, which serves as a foundation plate for the entire device and carries ten upright stands ee ¹ etc. made of copper, on which the ten tuning forks DD ¹ etc. are held. The number of stands and the tuning forks attached to them can of course be different. The stands ee ¹ are not of the same height and, by virtue of their mass, prevent the vibrations of the tuning forks from being transmitted from one to the other; the stands ee ¹ are therefore to be referred to as Isolirpfosten. The number of tuning forks is to be selected equal to the number of telegrams that you want to convey at the same time.

Deviating from the arrangement shown, the two poles of an electromagnet can be used to group a double set of tuning forks. Each of these tuning forks D ¹ must be permanently tuned to the tuning fork D of the associated transmitter.

According to the illustration (FIG. 5), the simple shaft-shaped electromagnet core a carries as a pole piece a truncated conical attachment b, which has a larger diameter than the core shaft. The frustoconical pole piece, like the upper end of the core, is hollowed out so that the mass is reduced, and the winding of the electromagnet should be such that as strong a magnetic field as possible is achieved precisely at the electromagnet end which is in use. The tuning forks D ¹ are to be made as small as possible, because it is advantageous if the moment of inertia is reduced, and in view of the fact that a small magnetic field of a certain strength is cheaper to produce than a large field of the same strength.

With this telegraph with self-distribution the aim and is achieved that every receiver tuning fork D ¹ starts to vibrate as soon as current vibrations occur in the line line χ , which are caused by a transmission tuning fork D with the same tuning as D ¹ , that, on the other hand, the receiver tuning fork remains at rest, when the current changes are caused by the vibrations of other tuning forks. If one at the same time changes in the current line wires χ by means of three or more tuning forks causes, they will be energized in the same way three or more receiver tuning forks at the same time, precisely those which correspond to those of the former in the oscillation number; the rest remain at a standstill. The oscillations occur instantaneously and the telegram transfer from one station to another takes place at the same speed as with the ordinary Morse telegraph.

According to the illustrated embodiment of the multiple receiver (FIG. 5), a small pendulum pp ^{1 is} suspended above the end of each tuning fork D ¹ , whereby the suspension point can be changed in such a way that the sensitivity of the pendulum takes into account the oscillation it causes of the active tuning fork leg experiences, can be increased or decreased. The suspension point of each pendulum pp ¹ is insulated from the body of the multiple receiver, the metal parts of which are connected to earth at T , and, as shown in ¹ , is connected to a Morse apparatus R (receiver) through a wire enclosing the battery S Link.

Assuming that the battery S is in operation, every time the tuning fork D ¹ vibrates, the end o ^{1 of} the Pendeisp ^{1 is} repelled and set in vibration with it; This does not make it completely impossible for the current to circulate through the circuit of the apparatus R , but in any case it prevents the electromagnet r from attracting its armature. The end of the armature lever / accordingly remains in the withdrawn or lowered position when the tuning fork D ¹ vibrates, and rises into the tightening position when the vibrations cease.

A strip of paper s is used to record the telegram and is passed below the lever / provided with a pen in order to record an impression as long as the electromagnet r is not working. Before receiving a telegram in this way, it is necessary to close the circuit of the Morse apparatus R , for which a commutator can serve.

The use of the Morse apparatus is dispensed with in the case of a simplified device (for short distances between transmitter M, transmitter -D and receiver device), which is also shown in FIG. 5. Accordingly, one brings a pen / 'to each tuning fork leg d of the multiple receiver, the end of which over BEZW. on a band of paper s ¹ , which is slowly pulled away. In this way one receives telegram recordings of the kind how

Claims (2)

them in Fig. 6 - the word PARIS in Morse symbols reproducing - is shown. To obtain a call signal or to report the beginning of the telegram to the receiving station, the following device can be used in conjunction with the multiple receiver A. At the end ο of each pendulum j> (Fig. 5) a piece of soft iron o ' ^{1 is} attached; As soon as the tuning fork picks up the vibrations, the leg d moves the iron piece o ² against the electromagnet q, by which the said iron piece, which also mediates the electrical circuit, is then attracted until the small hook q ^l holds the iron piece o ^{2 completely} in this position. As a result, the circuit of an electric bell q ^a , which includes the battery S , is completed by interruptions and closings in the current circuit piece q ² · so that it triggers the call signal until it is switched off. A multiple transmitter, which will be used in telegraph offices comprising several stations, is obtained by combining several wires 1, 2, 3, 4, Fig. 5, derived from tuning fork transmitters D of the individual stations, into which (apart from tuning fork transmitter D and battery S ) a button M with normally interrupted power supply m ^{2 is} switched on. These wires form the primary winding y of an induction coil B, which is arranged in the transmitter office; the induced or secondary winding of this coil B is connected to the line x, on the other hand to the earth line T , so that from this the coil of the receiver electromagnet α in the multiple receiver (Fig. 5) or the coil 2 ^{1 of} a simple receiver D ¹ (Fig. 1) is supplied with electricity. The telegram is transmitted in the following way: Each officer of a simple station (Fig. 1) sets the tuning fork of the transmitter D with the help of the electromagnet i in oscillation during the entire time during which he sends a telegram. He handles the button M by pressing the button m for a longer or shorter period of time, whereby corresponding undulirende current surges are transmitted to the line χ; ^{The receiver tuning fork D 1 of} the receiver station is set in oscillation according to the determined time sequence of the current changes, which only has a number of oscillations that corresponds to that transmission tuning fork D. In the multiple device according to FIG. 5, each officer operates a set of apparatus, each consisting of a button M and a transmission tuning fork D of a certain pitch, which, as before, is kept vibrating by means of the electromagnet i as long as the Telegram delivery takes time. By pressing the button m , a long or short-lasting current circuit is generated, so that during this an undulating current flows through the line circuit, with an undulation sequence corresponding to the pitch of that tuning fork. Since all the individual lines of the office belonging to the tuning forks D are connected to the main winding y of the induction coil B , all the changes in current caused by the simultaneous multiple transmission are absorbed by the one line χ in order to be effective together with the receivers, so that they are always straight only the receiver tuning fork D ¹ starts to vibrate, which is able to vibrate in accordance with the relevant transmitter tuning fork from which the telegram was sent. This receiver station only needs to be equipped with a receiver tuning fork D ¹ , as illustrated in FIG. 1, or the multiple receiver shown in FIG. 5 can be used on it. The number of telegrams that can be conveyed simultaneously on a wire with the help of the new system is extraordinarily large. Namely, since the mass or inertia of the receiver tuning fork D ¹ that of the moving electromagnet i ¹ significantly predominates, so the tuning fork vibrates in fact only under the influence of a current, the current changes correspond precisely to the normal vibrations thereof. Experiments by the inventor have shown that a difference of eight oscillations per second is sufficient to cancel out the effect of the current. Accordingly, if one starts from the C ³ tuning fork with 512 simple oscillations per second, the number of tuning forks can be obtained considerably by establishing a difference of eight oscillations between each two of them. ■ Patent claims: ι. In connection with a device for multiple telegraphy based on the use of matching (transmitter and receiver) tuning forks (DD ¹ J ) on »one« wire (xj, in which the current surges through a button (M) or interruption of a short-circuited one secondary current path, are sent, if appropriate, under control by a parallel resistor (F), see-through a receiver device for the purpose of recording the messages consisting of at the opposite tuning fork legs parallel against each other fixed plate (PP ¹ J alternate and un- transparent strips which overlap one another in the rest position of the tuning fork, on the other hand a light source (uj, concentrated by lenses, light-sensitive in the oscillation light to a slowly progressive moving strip paper ( 'in' blank jj fall; so that the latter photographic impressions in accordance with the Records lines and dots of the Morse alphabet.
. 2. The modified receiver device in place of the device according to claim i., In which the grid plates connected to the tuning fork ends (PP ¹ J heat rays from a heat source (u) are intercepted or brought into effect with a MeIl ρ ni's see thermal battery, so that the "needle deflection of a galvanometer connected to the latter indicates the oscillation of the tuning fork. -. ■" ..: ' ^v ■ ..'. For the purpose of the Mehrfach.-Telegraphic in the by Claim.i. characterized type the installation of a combined multiple receiver, in which an electromagnet (a) of low core mass is provided for a whole series of receiver tuning forks subject to its influences (D ¹ J , so that of these tuning forks the corresponding transmitter pulses are set in vibration and below Mediation of pendulums (p ^l ) causing an electric circuit to produce mechanical or acoustic signals. For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.