DE7702326U1 - THERMAL INSULATION PLATE - Google Patents

Description

HOFFMANN · ΤΏΤΤΜδ VSrR

PAT E N TAN WALTE

DR. ING. Π. HOFFMANN (1930-1576) DI PL.-I N G. W. EITLE D R. R E R. ΝΛΤ. K. H O FFMAN N · D I Pl..I N G. W. LEH N

DIPL.-ING. K. FOCHSLE DR. RER. NAT. B. HANSEN ARABELLASTRASSE 4 (STAR HOUSE). D-8000 MO N CH E N 81 · TELEFON (08?) »11087 · TELEX 05-29619 (PATH E)

28 949

United Steinwerke GmbH, Essen-Kupferdreh

Thermal insulation board

The present innovation relates to a thermal insulation board, consisting of an insulating layer, preferably made of rigid polystyrene foam or Rock wool, as well as a glass fiber reinforced protective layer.

In the case of thermal insulation panels of the known type, the protective layer consists of a layer of adhesive mortar applied directly to the insulation layer, a Reinforcement made of impregnated glass fiber mesh "crumpled" into this layer, covering the reinforcement by a few millimeters Top layer of mortar, a primer and a layer of paint or a layer of mineral exterior plaster, its Surface can be designed decoratively. The production of such a protective layer is very complex and expensive because the Layers must be applied individually and after application an intermediate drying time of several days must be observed for the surface mortar layer.

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The provision of a reinforced adhesive and finishing mortar layer between the mineral external plaster layer and the insulation layer is necessary, as the mineral external plaster layer due to its very large modulus of elasticity has a low tensile strength / so that when applied directly to the insulation layer, even at the lowest temperature loads Crack formation would occur in the area of the insulation layer joints.

Mesh-reinforced adhesive and topping mortar layers have the necessary tensile strength to counteract cracking in the area of the insulation layer joints. The sole arrangement on the insulation layer is not possible, however, since such mortar layers absorb water when exposed to rain, which is sensitive to hydrolysis Glass silk mesh fabric would be delivered defenseless. The surface of such mortar layers can also not be used in a decorative way (such as scratch plaster).

The aim of the present innovation is to create a new type of thermal insulation board to create whose protective layer can be produced with the least possible effort.

This goal is achieved according to the innovation that the protective layer consists of a single-layer mortar in a homogeneous single-layer layer.

According to a preferred embodiment, the single-layer mortar contains a filler, hydraulic binder, cellulose or derivatives thereof and an alkali-resistant plastic, which is a

2 + surfactants, its surface-active effect when exposed to Ca

2 +
or Mg ions has essentially losing protective colloid.

A protective layer designed according to the invention has the advantage that it can be applied to the insulation layer in just a single operation using spray machines or a trowel. After application, the homogeneous, single-layer protective layer can ^{be processed in the usual way to produce the desired structure 1} (eg scratch plaster, trowel mark, patch plaster, etc.). Tinting is possible by mixing in white or colored pigments.

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In addition to a significant reduction in execution time for the protective layer has the advantage of a thermal insulation board of the type according to the innovation that there are temperature tensions due to the homogeneous single-layer structure (compared with multi-layer inhomogeneous layers in known protective layers) is not disadvantageous can affect. Also leaves the relatively rough surface in connection with the required layer thickness Solar radiation due to the greater heat storage capacity a much slower temperature rise than with thin protective layers of the known type.

Stone, marble or other granulates or sands with a grain size of 0.01 to about 5 mm can be used, the largest grain thickness being able to determine the structure of the surface. A preferred one The size range of the fillers is 0.5 to 3 mm.

According to the invention, the hydraulic binding agent used is primarily Portland cement, which may contain lime or Hydrated lime can be added.

The mortar also contains cellulose or derivatives thereof due to their water retention capacity can contribute to the setting of a hydraulic binder. As cellulose derivatives can both

spielswoi.se methyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose are listed will. However, also other known materials with water retention effect, for example casein, may be useful in certain embodiments of the invention.

As a synthetic resin, those can be used in principle that are alkali-resistant, have a low tendency to absorb water and have a hydrophobic nature. The hydrophobization of the plastic can be controlled in part via the properties introduced therein Groups, as the water repellent nature of certain substituent groups is known. Here you will be given a Plastic, for example, steric hindrance to water by increasing the branching of the polymer chain The read water blocking effect of the synthetic resin can be supplemented by the water-repellent effect of the Ca or Mg ions precipitated from the surfactant-emulsifier protective colloid, water-insoluble layer or the precipitate. Although those usually used on the coating of hot plates Plastic materials are less suitable because their If the hydrophobic nature in itself is still insufficient, it can be used with a particularly suitable surfactant protective colloid system in the mortar according to the invention should still be taken into account if the Ca or Mg-containing "barrier layer" is relatively dense. As such, usually The materials used can be named, e.g. butadiene-styrene polymers, co- or terpolymers. Polyvinyl acetates, Styrofoam acrylate dispersions, polyacrylate dispersions, polyvinyl propionates, etc., all of which are more or less alkali-resistant

In the context of the invention, alkali-resistant copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl carboxylates are particularly preferred. Among these compounds are in turn those

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particularly advantageous, the highly branched in the carboxylic acid group, which advantageously represents a monocarboxylic acid group are.

The synthetic resin dispersions used or the dispersions or suspensions formed from the plastic powder used with mixing water are usually more or less hydrophilized due to the protective colloid content. As a result, the hydrophobic nature of the synthetic resin body is initially "hidden". When choosing a protective colloid? Which loses a surface-active effect under the influence of migrating ions, e.g. calcium and / or magnesium ions from the components of the mortar, the hydrophobic barrier effect of the synthetic resin body can be fully utilized to protect the embedded glass fabric. The loss of the surface-active nature of such "protective colloids" or "emulsifiers", for example, by complexing the material used, insoluble by formation of precipitates etc., by the migrating calcium ions originating generally from the hydraulic and / or mineral binders, are caused. This means that the "blocking" effect of the alkali-resistant synthetic resin to protect the embedded glass barrel grille comes into its own.

In the investigations on which the invention is based, it has been found to be particularly advantageous to use the plastic special choice of these constituents to be designed so that any moisture that may occur is already a opposed steric hindrance. In the preferred according to one embodiment of the invention copolymer of vinyl acetate and The vinyl ester of a branched long-chain monocarboxylic acid, for example, has shown an increase in long-term water resistance Use of an even more branched carboxylic acid component can be achieved.

These effects based on an interaction hydraulic binder and emulsifying ep or occurring as a protective colloid

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Surfactant based, can be reinforced by the addition of metal fatty acid ^{salt, 1} such as sodium stearate, zinc stearate, etc., in some cases.

A copolymer can in particular be particularly preferred from the Versatic acid vinyl ester (under the name "Versatic acid", synthetic fatty acids are generally used understood, but especially mixtures of predominantly tertiary carboxylic acids with strong branches, e.g. Versatic 911 der Shell chemistry), with vinyl acetate, which contains, among other things, polyvinyl alcohol as a protective colloid, known as ELOTEX WS 4 5 by Dr. M. Ebnöther AG Chemische Fabrik, Sempach, Switzerland. Pai the said The water-barrier properties occur when combined with the hydraulic binder in the resin according to the invention Mortar in relatively quickly.

As surfactant systems, they also have emulsifier properties should possess, those can be named, which, as already mentioned, in the presence of immigrating calcium or magnesium ions tend to form insoluble precipitates. Although the exact mechanism of the beneficial effect of such Surfactant systems is currently not secured, the beneficial effect seems to be based at least in part on that these systems in the presence of immigrating calcium or. Magnesium ions through the formation of insoluble precipitates build a "barrier". Such surfactant systems with emulsifier properties can be, for example, soaps, in particular Alkali soaps such as Na, Ka salts of low molecular weight fatty acids of abietic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxycarboxylic acid, e.g. Ricinol fatty acid and / or petroleum sulfonates, etc. may be mentioned. The surfactant system can bring its advantageous effect to effect in particular with those synthetic resins used that have the highest possible branching and thus steric hindrance. It is necessary that the synthetic resins or synthetic resin systems not only have a low water absorption, but

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even after the "breakdown" of the surfactant-protective colloid system:;, which advantageously has emulsifying properties, for example a barrier layer of at least partially insoluble, calcium-containing precipitate provoked by the immigration of calcium and / or calcium ions Have an effect. Both the nature of the plastic and the selected surfactant system contribute to this.

The optional pearl addition, which is preferred, the mortar remains open longer due to the slow water evaporation rate, so that it is possible, even when it is very warm Weather to work. The "open time" allows the plaster to be worked with: a scratching tool, so that a scratched plaster surface of the same appearance and structure as with mineral high-quality scratch plaster. Of course, it is also possible to use the To process the surface with structure tools in order to achieve any other desired structure, such as trowel plaster, patch plaster etc. Although the use of expanded perlite is preferred, other expanding materials such as vermiculite, etc. can also be used. find use according to the invention.

The proportions of the main components of the mortar according to the invention as well as the additional components that may be added can be within further ranges can be varied. A particularly preferred composition contains 40-80% filler, 15-40% hydraulic Binder and possibly lime (hydrate), 0.1 to 5% cellulose (derivatives) and 1-20% alkali-resistant plastic, based on the dry weight of the mixture, as well as Ahmach water.

For example, 0.2 to 10% by weight of pearlite can be added to this composition. Pearl additives, which are 10% by weight of the dry matter are not preferred because the coating weight drops too much.

In some embodiments of the invention, it may also be desirable by adding synthetic resin fibers, e.g. polyacrylonitrile,

Polyester, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polyacrylate fiber a size of, for example, 0.8 to 2 mm to achieve an improvement in the elastic properties of the mortar. Additional advantages are an increase in the flexural strength and a good Tixotrophiermg of the mass. When using synthetic fibers is their use in an amount of about 0.1 to 5% by weight is preferred.

It can also sometimes be useful to add air-entraining agents to be used in an amount of about 0.01 to 0.05% by weight, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate. In this case, a Combination of sodium lauryl sulfate with zinc stearate work.

Finally, pigment or plastic color dispersions can also be used in the mortar be introduced. It can also be useful to prevent efflorescence using alkali or alkaline earth carbonates, e.g. sodium carbonate, and highly condensed phosphates as rust inhibitors.

By special combinations of the mortar according to the invention added constituents can have particularly beneficial effects in individual cases. So can the setting of the hydraulically amount of water required for hardening binder, preferably through a combination of perlite with cellulose or a cellulose derivative are made available, which allows a slower water release, so that the plaster according to the invention without Consideration of flush mounting or higher outside temperatures can set properly without "burning".

By using the mortar according to the invention is a Achieved number of advantages. These consist mainly in the fact that the wall plaster is now for the first time from .a single, essentially homogeneous layer can be formed. In contrast to multilayered, temperature stresses can be inhomogeneous Layers no longer have a detrimental effect. The single-layer application of the plaster creates a significant effect. before saving on

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Working hours achieved. Nevertheless, it could be shown by experiments that the hydrolysis-sensitive glass fabric in long-term experiments is reliably protected. For example, the average values of test tests showed water absorption at Use of ELOTEX WS 45 from only 0.140 kg / m h; ... 'which is far below the permissible limit. Modified penetration attempts with a pressure tube and a water column of 12 cm (corresponds to a wind pressure of around force 12, as from Grünau described in "Façade and water balance of the wall") resulted in a water absorption of 0.200 kg / m² after 30 minutes.

The production of the mortar according to the invention is extremely simple. This can be done, for example, that the dry portions are presented and mixed well and then mixed with Ahmach water be moved. It is expedient here to introduce the fillers and the constituents to be introduced therein in small amounts distribute homogeneously. Will the selected plastic-surfactant system not used in the form of a dispersion but as a powder, it is advisable to add a few to the mixture when adding the Ahmach water Time, e.g. to let it "ripen" for 10 minutes and then mix it again shortly before use.

The one-layer plaster according to the invention can either be sprayed in a single operation or using a spatula method can be applied in two steps. The working time saved brings a noticeable reduction in execution prices with himself.

The invention is further illustrated below in examples.
example 1

350 GT sand, gravel or granulate in a sieve of 1-2.5mm

255.9 GT quartz sand 0.5-1 mm
100 GT quartz sand 0.2-0.5 mm

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200 GT white portland cement

60 pbw white lime hydrate

10 GT Perlite 0-1 mm

1 pbw of methyl cellulose powder

2.5 pbw of sodium or zinc stearate

0.3 GT polyacrylonitrile fibers 2 mm = 6.7 dtex.

0.3 GT polyethylene fibers 0.8 mm = 0.7-1.5 dtex.

20 GT titanium dioxide or colored pigments

1000 GT

80-100 GT of a special plastic dispersion are made of this dry mix from vinyl versatate with a branched long-chain monocarboxylic acid or 40-50 GT powder of the aforementioned Type and the corresponding amount of water added.

Example 2

300 GT sand, gravel or granules in the screening of 2-5 mm _{1c n} quartz sand 0.5-2 mm ^{|: 3U} or

Stone sand 0.2-0.5 mm

160 GT white portland cement 80 GT white lime

5 GT perlite 0-1 mm

1 part by weight of hydroxyethyl cellulose

2 GT silicone powder

° »° 5 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulphate 60 GT Elotex dispersion WS

or
30 GT Elotex powder WS 4 5 (manufacturer Ebnöther)

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The following is for further explanation and better understanding an embodiment of the thermal insulation board according to the invention described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.

The thermal insulation panel shown consists essentially of
an insulating layer] and a protective layer 2 applied to it, which is reinforced with a glass fiber mesh fabric 3.

The material for the insulating layer 3 is preferably rigid polystyrene foam or rock wool is used. However, other materials with comparable warinedamming properties can also be used .

The material used for the protective layer 2 is a single-layer mortar which can have the composition described above. The adhesive strength of the one-layer mortar
the insulating layer 1 can be improved by grooves 4 arranged in its surface.

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Claims (1)

t »*» ei -u- η PROTECTION CLAIMS Thermal insulation board, consisting of an insulation layer, preferably made of rigid polystyrene foam or rock wool, as well as a glass fiber-reinforced protective layer, characterized in that the protective layer consists of a One-layer mortar consists of a homogeneous one-layer layer. Thermal insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that the single-layer mortar contains a filler, contains hydraulic binders, cellulose or derivatives thereof and an alkali-resistant plastic, which has a surfactant protective colloid that makes its surface-active Effect through the action of Ca "or 2+
Mg ions have essentially lost. 3. Thermal insulation board according to claim 2, characterized in that the single-layer mortar is also perlite contains. 4. Thermal insulation board according to claim 2, characterized in that the Einschichtmörteü / additional synthetic fibers contains. 5. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the single-layer mortar is additionally has at least one metal fatty acid salt. 6. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized characterized in that the single-layer mortar additionally has silicone resin. -.13- 7702326 3.0.06.77 7. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 6, dadui rh marked that the liinschichtmürt oil too also contains air-entraining agents. 8. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the filler is quartz sand, K; · and / odor marble or stone granulate. 9. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the hydraulic Bindeini t.t. »> ! Portland cement, possibly with the addition of hydrated lime. 10. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized characterized in that the alkali-resistant: plastic a copolymer of vinyl acetate and the vinyl ester of highly branched long-chain carboxylic acid, which is preferably represents a monocarboxylic acid is. 11. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized characterized in that the protective colloid is present Forms precipitates insoluble in Ca ions. 12. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the protective colloid is polyvinyl alcohol contains. 13. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the protective colloid is alkali soaps of abietic acid and / or petroleum sulfonate. 14. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the single-layer mortar 40-80% Filler, 15-40% hydraulic binder and possibly clay (hydrate), 0.1-5% cellulose (derivatives) and 1-20% alkali-resistant Plastic, based on the dry weight of the mixture, as well as anti-wake water. -14- 7702326 06/30/77 15. Thermal insulation board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the single-layer mortar 0.2-10% by weight perlite, 0.1-5% by weight synthetic fiber, 0.1-2% by weight Metal fatty acid salt and / or 0.01-0.05% by weight of air-entraining agents. 16. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 15, characterized characterized that the single-layer mortar 60-75% filler, 20-30% hydraulic binder, 2-3% cellulose derivatives) , 5-12% plastic and possibly 0.8-2.5% perlite, based on the dry weight of the mixture. 17. Thermal insulation board according to one of claims 2 to 16, characterized in that the one-layer mortar alkali and / or alkaline earth carbonates and possibly highly condensed phosphate. 7702326 06/30/77