DE751185C - Device for remote switching and remote reporting - Google Patents

Description

Device for remote switching and remote reporting It is known to Remote maintenance of street lights, multiple tariff meters, hot water storage tanks, for To use remote signaling and the like. As voltage impulses temporary increases or decreases in the mains voltage are used. These are carried out by changing the excitation on the generators accordingly Influencing the grid control of discharge vessels by switching on a Resistance in the feed lines or by briefly interrupting the lines generated.

The known proposals now go there with the help of one or more Voltage pulses to operate a receiving relay. Different circuits could according to these proposals only according to the principle of a stepping mechanism in certain cyclic sequence, e.g. B. "Off", "On", that is, given not independently of one another will.

It is also known to use one voltage boost to another Switching command to be executed as with the help of a voltage reduction. But with that one comes only on two switching commands.

To give several different switching commands independently vc> no-change to be able to, it is further suggested that the execution of any different, of a or multiple donor locations to the individual receiving points depending on the repeated short-term occurrence to allow certain voltage pulses to take place, all in a certain time Spaced and generated in a certain time sequence.

The implementation of the voltage pulses sent in this way should according to a general held and unspecified notice at the receiving points are made, that the relay responding to the voltage pulses time elements, damping elements Od. Like. Be assigned.

The normal aids of the Telecommunication technology, such as stepping mechanisms, relay chains or relay pyramids and the like, used without going into details.

The invention also relates to relays for remote switching with the aid of pulse groups, consisting of individual voltage fluctuations, with certain Time intervals are to be observed. The receiving relays select with the help of synchronous Timers the desired Sehaltbefehl that are at the same times in the same standby position and then the associated switching command if they receive a single impulse in this position. The constant agreement in the standby position of the timing elements is achieved by! this be coupled synchronously with the help of the mains frequency, since the drive is via a synchromotor he follows. In this way, all errors due to mismatched standby are eliminated ider timing elements in the receiving relay is excluded.

In simple cases, when there are fewer switching commands to be transmitted acts and interference pulses are not to be expected, the duration of the standby position can be dimensioned in the receiving relay so long by appropriate construction, that the accuracy with which the pulse intervals are to be maintained during the transmission, can be reached by manual control of the transmitter. The Success can be observed at the station.

In the case of higher accuracy requirements, the shipment is expediently carried out the impulses through a synchronously driven switching mechanism. On this' # trip is the last possible error due to a mismatch in the timing of the timers fixed with the expiry of the impulses at the transmitting station.

According to the invention, therefore, the timing elements of the receiving relay are below itself and, if necessary, with that of the transmitting station synchronously through the frequency of the pulsed t 'influenced mains voltage coupled. So that is the essential requirement for the security of the transmission met that at Z, Olleichen, times at all at the remote control participating bodies the same. Stand-by position available is.

As has already been proposed, it is particularly advantageous to always use the same number of pulses for the execution of different switching commands and to only change the time interval between the pulses to differentiate between the individual switching commands. Because it is then possible to make random voltage pulses of the _network ineffective if they occur outside of the time that an artificially generated voltage pulse is available for its effectiveness. On the other hand, in the case of relays, zi c t 'that work with sums of pulses, random voltage pulses are naturally also counted, which leads to incorrect switching or failure of a switching.

The receiving relay consists of two main parts, namely an Or.-an that responds to the voltage pulses, e.g. B. a suitable voltage relay, and a switching device. In the former, the from a central office in the form of Voltage fluctuations generated pulses for generating movement pulses, in particular used to make contact in auxiliary circuits, while the one controlled by this Switching device executes the actual switching commands.

A contact voltmeter could be used as a voltage relay, which responds at certain voltage values, but has various disadvantages. It is expedient to use voltage relays which, as already suggested, independent of intermittent voltage fluctuations of a certain minimum speed respond to the respectively prevailing absolute voltage values.

In the following the switching device is described, that of the received Impulse controlled, executes the desired switching commands. Thereby are in the individual Figures d - the different types of embodiment of this voltage relay only from this actuated contacts K, and K -ZD 2 ge draws, the one z. B. when the voltage increases and the other responds when the voltage drops.

The receiving device makes the selection of the desired switching command, which is assigned to the transmitted pulse group, through the interaction of a Timing element of constant, preferably synchronous speed with this timing element driven switching elements in such a way that these switching elements after the delivery of the first impulse only at certain times for recording, -der are ready for further impulses.

The Fig.: I shows the switching device. Act after this execution two voltage changes which are opposite to each other and which are related to each other a precisely determined time interval, which is defined by a fixed number of Periods is given, so together that they close the desired -, circuit.

The switching device, which shows the contacts of the voltage relay above, K, and K., consists essentially of a synchronous motor, e.g. B. a synchronous pendulum motor SAI, which via the oscillating lever H and the pawl KI. Which is resiliently attached to the lever, pushes the rack Z upwards. The downward movement is inhibited by a pawl KI. In the idle state, both pawls are disengaged by the train of the spring Fi. The shift rod is in the lowest position. If the contact Kl closes, the coil Spl is switched on and the coil overcomes the tension of the spring F and engages the pawls. At the same time, you switch on contact K and the motor SillI, which pushes the switch rod upwards. The latch KI prevents the contact K from opening again when the switching element of the voltage relay that actuates it goes back. There are as many contacts on the switch rod as there are circuits to be closed by the relay, e.g. B. K 3 and K4, which are connected to flexible contacts K6 and K7. After a certain number of periods z. B. Contact K opposite the contact K ", which is under voltage via the flexible contact K. If at this moment an opposite voltage change is given in Idas network, which closes contact K2 of the voltage relay, the coil Sp. Is switched on, the .Contact K, moved to the left until it touches contact K, '. This closes the circuit of terminals a, b , which now, for example, moves the switching lever shown to the right it hits the top of the pawl Kl. and thus releases the contact K. The motor SU and the holding coil Spl are de-energized, the tension of the springs Fi disengages the pawls Kl. and Kl., and the switching rod Z returns as a result of it Dead weight or by pulling a spring back to the starting position.The switching device is ready to accept new switching commands.

By attaching additional contacts, the various switching commands can then be transmitted through the network. For example, on in the i shown in Fig. Classification from the contact K 4 'the current consumers, which has been turned on by the contact K3. The shift rod could be shortened so that the length of the rod is only determined by the length of the toothed part. The rack can also take the form of a gear.

The generation of the voltage fluctuations with the necessary intervals, measured in certain numbers of periods, e.g. B. be done in that a synchronously driven switching mechanism the voltage of a generator or other equipment, which are suitable for generating voltage fluctuations in the required Fashion-influenced.

In Fig. 2, for. B. a contact disk driven by a synchronous motor Sjll, and the various, connected to a slip ring R 'contact paths K' and K ' , which transmit the individual commands by influencing the voltage, come into connection with the sliding contacts S, and S2. . If the switch to the sliding contact Si is now closed, the switch S 'is actuated and thus the resistor W is switched into the excitation circuit of the generator, which lowers the voltage during a certain number of periods, which corresponds to the length of the individual contact track. The start and end of the voltage drop represent the two voltage fluctuations required to operate the relay.

In a switching device according to Fig. I, it may happen that in networks with very troubled voltage conditions a random voltage change brought the contact-carrying rack to flow and being responsive through a second, opposite voltage change contact K5 still during this sequence and by chance one of the past traveling contacts K., K4 'hits, which would result in incorrect switching. This danger is particularly great when many commands are to be executed, which causes an accumulation of contacts on the switching rod.

It is also possible that, due to a random voltage change, the switching rod is already running when this command comes, which means that no contact at all or a wrong contact is made with the second voltage change. The unit can also run come to the correct command to deliberate waste. During the process, however, in addition to the correct, second voltage change, a third change takes place so that two switching commands, one correct and one incorrect, can be executed.

These errors can practically be ruled out if the execution of a switching command is made dependent on the switching rod having to run three times in succession, whereby the same contact has to be made twice for the associated switching command to be carried out. The waste run three times necessary because it could happen that ongoing from the first flow predictors that triggered a random change in voltage are encountered. In this case, the desired contact can only be made in the second sequence, which starts with the correct command, which is then only made again in the third sequence, which is necessary for executing a switching command.

Fig. 3 now shows a further embodiment of the switching device, in which the closing of the actuating circuit takes place primarily mechanically compared to the electrical in Fig. 1, the dependence on the repetition of the switching command is also shown in a known manner.

The drive plate Schl, a gearwheel ZR, which is driven by a synchronous motor as in FIG. When contact Kl closes, a magnetic coil that is switched on here lifts the roller out of the detent and, by means of the simultaneously actuated contact K, switches on the synchronous motor SM, which drives the shaft and the disks coupled to it. After one full revolution, it slides the jamming roller Ri P back into the branch, interrupts the contact K., whereby the whole system comes to a standstill in the initial position. The drive plate Sch, still has a recess 0. This recess is on the rear side, on the left in the side view , a holder H1 is attached, which has two angles B, and B2 at the top, which protrude into the front plane of the drive plate Sch, .. The angles are also by the amount d radially offset from one another. On the periphery of the disc Sch, the tension lever H, which a 'projection B carries on the rear side, rolls. When the disk Sch rotates, the roller of the lever H reaches the recess 0 and tries to slide into it under the spring pressure of the guide roller FR. However, this is initially prevented by the projection B3 resting on the angle Bi. As the rotation continues, the projection B slides off, and the lever H rests on the pawl Kl with a lateral stop Angle Bi and B2 in the recess 0 for all and will now be taken along by the washer ski. If the voltage change takes place too late, -, verm, the angle B 2 is already partially under the projection B, then it prevents a complete failure. When it subsequently slides from angle B, the roller already comes to the beveled part e of the recess and is thereby returned to the starting position without being effective. This arrangement ensures that any voltage change that does not come at the moment when the projection B3 faces the opening between the angles Bi and B, remains ineffective. Due to the size of the opening between the angles Bi and B, the accuracy with which the two voltage changes must follow one another can be changed within the broadest limits.

If the shift lever H is taken through the recess 0 to the left, it then encounters the stop roller R., which lifts it out of the recess 0 , whereupon it returns under the influence of the spring Fi to the starting position in which the connected to it Lever Hi and H2 under the action of the spring forces of the roller FR, the springs Fi and F, with an angle part A arranged in their joint, are pressed against the stop A. In a known manner, the closure of the contacts K and K4 is made dependent on the repetition of the switching command within a certain time by actuating a toothed segment ZS twice, which in the idle state rests against the stop A. This time is determined on the one hand by the tension of the spring F 4 and on the other hand by the damping of an air brake B. The angle part Al in the connection C, steers the two-part lever H, and H2 prevents this from disengaging to the left under the pressure of the spring roller FR.

In order to execute several switching commands with this switching device, it is necessary to arrange several drive plates and gear lever including accessories, whereby the recesses of the drive plates are to be offset by appropriate angles.

Fig, 4 shows a further embodiment is the switching device in which it is not necessary in contrast to the types described in that the second voltage change arrives in a g> anz certain position of the trailing member.

In this design, the two follow each other at a certain distance, the voltage changes note their arrival on a rotating disk. Now, if the remarked distance on the disc agrees with a gegehenen different distance, so does the shift command that is associated with this distance, for execution.

In Fig. 4 is the front elevation, a radial section of the switching disk (hatched) and the development of the disc circumference with the contact devices Another embodiment of the invention shown.

On the disk Sch driven by the synchronous motor SM, contact pins St with release pawls Kl are arranged on the circumference. The contact pins run over the fixed contact track KB, without touching gie. A spring F "which is supported on one side on a collar of the pin and on the other hand on the projection in the hole for the contact pin tries to push it to the left (see section) onto the contact track of the pin, held latch R of the pawl KI. This is guided through a fork-shaped recess encompassing the pin and the screw Sr going through an elongated hole.

The pawls are triggered by pressing contact K2, which switches on the coil S , whereby the pawl release B is pressed downwards. (A direct magnetic release, as shown in dashed lines, can also be used.) The wedge-shaped tip of this hits the recess of the latch protrusion V with a triangular or trapezoidal cross-slide (dashed). As a result of the rotatable mounting, the trigger can be carried along for a while by the pawl that has been hit, so that it has the time required for full triggering until it is then pushed out of its range by the edge of the recess, whereupon the trigger returns under the influence the spring F3, as soon as it is pushed upwards by the spring F4 after contact K2 has opened, back into the starting position, which is determined by the stop A. The projections of the pawls close together as closely as possible so that the tip of the trigger hits a pawl with every movement. The inwardly beveled edges prevent the tip of the trigger from sliding from one latch that has been hit to another.

Now grind by pressing the trigger twice on the contact track two pins, the distance between them with the two Kon, clocks on the fixed contact track, z. B. K, and K4, coincide, they are bridged during this revolution of the disk Sch , and a control circuit is closed.

The width of the fixed and the circumferential contacts is half a disc division at most, so that there is no fixed contact between two circumferential can be touched at the same time. With further circulation the pins, before they get past the trigger again, through the elevation e of the contact track returned to the starting position, in which they by falling of the pawls Kl locked four-den.

To operate this switching relay, four voltage changes, e.g. As shown in FIG. 5 uses. E means the mean level of the voltage in the network. The voltage changes ei and e. Press Contact Ki and pull j edesmal at a time relay ZR which then turns on the synchronous motor SM during the time T. The voltage changes e2 and e4 actuate contact K2 and trigger two contact pins St, which close a circuit on the contact track, if they are at an appropriate distance. The distance between the voltage changes ei, e. and e3 can be set once and for all, while e4 has to be based on the distance between the contacts to be bridged. The running time T is to be selected so that when the device is lifted twice through ei and e. the total running time is greater than the time taken by e. triggered pin needs to safely reach even the most distant contact on the fixed track. On the other hand, the time interval T 'between the voltage changes e2 and e4 should be even greater than the running time of the device, even for the shortest contact distance, since a random change in energy savings in the direction ei and e .. alone is not sufficient to close a control circuit.

So four voltage changes are necessary to execute a switching command. This number can be doubled if you make the execution of a switching command of its repetition depends in Fig. 3. It is not likely that in this way also in .Netzen with very troubled voltage conditions, the random voltage fluctuations in such a grouping, and occur in a relatively short time that a switching command could be executed.

In Fig. 6 a further embodiment of the switching device is shown, in which the individual switching commands are given by specific pulse numbers. However, the time interval between the individual pulses must not exceed a certain number of periods. With every rapid voltage fluctuation, the volumetric relay moves the lever Hl, which, depending on the direction of the voltage fluctuation, deflects upwards or downwards, limited by the contacts Ki and K. The rack Z is moved upwards by one tooth pitch d by the pull pawl Kl. The return is inhibited by the pawl KI ". The rack carries contacts that are guided past the fixed contact K, which, however, does not touch the Zalin rod for the time being , and through which the desired circuit can be closed.

Every time the lever H is deflected, contact K or K. is closed. As a result, a time relay with a spring Fi is pulled up via a SpuliS. The complete elevator of the time relay is secured by the holding contact Ks. The lever 1-12 attracted by the coil S is firmly coupled to the disk Sch. The contact KS 'slips on this disk due to the tension of the spring F2 and as a result of the friction the disk Sch takes it with it and places it on the lower stop contact, whereby a shunt to the contacts Ki and K. keeps the circuit closed and the complete winding of the device after the first push that closed contact K or K2. A stop that opens the contact K, ends, him. The spring Fi tries to turn the disk Sch backwards immediately , the contact K, closes, contact K, on the other hand it is now carried along by the disk Sch and opened so that the circuit remains interrupted and the backward movement only when the stop A hits , is interrupted on the stop A2. The stop A, however, also takes the lever H3 with it, with which the release levers of the pawls and the actuation levers for the contacts K and K4 are coupled via angle levers, whereby the contact K4 and the release pawls are only taken along after overcoming dead gears t and t2 will. These are dimensioned so that first contact K., which is elastically coupled to its lever, touches the rack, then contact K4 opens and finally the pawls are triggered. Contact K4 must open before the rack falls back by opening the latch, otherwise all circuits of the contacts above contact K would be closed when sliding past.

The backward movement of the time relay is now coupled with a pawl Kl, with an unrest inhibitor and thereby synchronized with the number of periods of the network that the vibrations of the unrest are excited with the number of periods. If the next voltage change comes each time earlier than stop A1 touches lever H, stop g is withdrawn each time by the time relay and tripping is prevented. The rack can be switched upward tooth by tooth until the desired contact or the fixed contact K, is opposite, whereupon the contact is made after the voltage changes have ceased, since the time relay can now run completely.

In order to avoid incorrect switching, which could cause accidental voltage fluctuations, the running time of the relay is selected to be only slightly longer than the time interval between the voltage fluctuations to be given regularly, so that the error caused by a voltage fluctuation that causes the device to run prematurely is no more than one tooth distance. t, under the assumption that the random voltage fluctuations can be expected to be greater than the intended distance. In this case b , the first contact can already be guided below the fixed contact by the second expansion fluctuation, so that an error due to an accidental voltage fluctuation is excluded.

Random voltage fluctuations can occur during the switching process, so that the path of the rack becomes larger than intended. If the width of the contacts K., K6, K7 on the rack includes at least as many tooth pitches as are to be expected with random voltage fluctuations in the time it takes for a contact to be brought up to the fixed contact K with the regular voltage fluctuations to become, these mistakes also remain ineffective. The further a rack contact is away from the fixed contact K i, the more time it needs to cover its switching path, and the wider it must be. Only the last contact can maintain the normal width, because after the toothed part has passed through, which corresponds to its rapid distance from the fixed contact, the rack can no longer be moved.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS- i. Device for remote switching and remote reporting in mains networks, in particular for switching measuring devices, hot water storage tanks and street lamps, the individual switching commands being given into the network at a certain time interval by means of different pulse groups consisting of individual voltage fluctuations, characterized in that the timing elements at the receiving points among themselves and if necessary, are coupled synchronously with the one of the transmitting station by the frequency of the pulsed mains voltage. 2-. Remote switching device according to claim i, characterized in that the execution of the switching command assigned to the transmitted pulse group is carried out by the interaction of a timing element of constant, preferably synchronous speed with switching elements driven by the timing element in such a way that these switching elements after the delivery of the first pulse are only ready at certain times to receive the further voltage pulses. 3. Remote Saddle: Iteinrichtung according to claims I and 2, characterized gekennz - ichnet, that sel-hsttäti is stopped 1- back to the headend from the first voltage, pulse a ZeitgIlied in synchronous movement of offset -and after covering a predetermined path. 4. FeTnschalteinrichtung according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that during the Ahlaufes of the Zei% -liede - s (Z) actuating circuits over Kong clocks (KJ, K4 ') are closed when a contact ( K.) is actuated by a relaxation pulse (Fig. I). 5. Remote switching device according to claim 2, characterized in that the switching device has two closed circuits due to different movement pulses of the Spa-n # nlun, - sireliais, one of which the timing element (Z) in synchronous movement offset% and the other controls the Gzuenl-, ontak-t (K.) (Fig. i). 6. Remote switching device according to - ", nsprach 5, characterized in that a pendulum motor (S) in a circuit has a contact-bearing rack (Z) up to -an automatic off" return device; - moves on and the contact armature (K ") eänes Magnet - n (SP2) #dlie in a second circuit Kontaktgahe with a rack Niko clock (KJ, K4 ') produces 7. Fernschaliteinrichtung according Ansplruch i, gekennzeichniet characterized (Fig. I)..' that dlie Sp # annlungs-imp, ulse are generated automatically by a synchronous, chronically driven switching mechanism with contacts (Kj, K,) certain length or certain distance, so that this switching mechanism the switching on and off of a resistor in the excitation circuit of the generator or the actuation of other Voltage change devices in the supply system in certain time intervals, given by certain numbers of periods, caused (Fig. 2,). 8. Fernschalteini - ichtung, according to claim i, characterized in that a switching element (Schl, HI) with the help of a -shift lever (H) executes a circuit when the movement of the shift lever (H) takes place or released at certain times becomes (Fig. 3). G. Ferns, cha-Iteinrichtunig according to claim 8, characterized in that the switching device has a Stetierscheibc (Sch,) , the # s voltage relays in a circuit (K1, K3) by a synchronous motor (SM) in Rotation is offset and has constant means on the circumference, in particular a recess (0) which, in a certain position, allows the switching element (H) to perform a holding movement if it is simultaneously released by the voltage relay (Fig. 3 ). ok Remote control device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the first breathing impulse of the voltage relay actuates a magnet which engages a detent on the circumference of the control disc (Sch.) - reifQndtn inhibitor (roller Rl) and at the same time lifts a synchronous motor (S # II ) to drive the control disc, (Schl) switches on, until the main body jumps back into the detent after one revolution and switches off the motor (Filg, #. 3). i i. Telecommunication device according to claim i, characterized in that the switching device controlled by the voltage relay has a movable switching element (Sch) with contact bodies (St) which are disengaged by the voltage pulses of the voltage relay following at a certain time interval and together with the corresponding distance-arranged G-egenkGntalt - n (K, to K4) close a control circuit (Fig. 4, 5). 12. Feirnschalteinrichtung according to claim. ii, characterized by the fact that the movable switching element with the external contact body consists of a rotatable disk (S'cli,), which is limited in time by Sp # an-now "-simpu" lls # e of the voltage relay Rotation is offset (Fig- 4, 5) - 13- Remote switching device according to claims ii and 12, characterized in that the disengageable contact bodies can be displaced parallel to the axis of the stave disk, c-.i bolts ( St) , which are caused by spring force - disengagement movement by pawls (KI) - emmt -, which are released when turning at a certain point by an arm (B) operated by means of magnets, while a fixed cam track ( e) serves, on which the l #, ont2jl <tibo! pins open to 1 and so wireeder are led back into the latched position (Fig. 4). 14. Remote switching device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switching device controlled by the voltage relay has a contact-bearing Zafinstange (Z) which is set in motion by mechanical movement pulses of the voltage relay and making contact with a fixed Greggenkontakt (K ") A predetermined number of pulses and depending on a synchronously running time relals drawn up for each voltage pulse, the running time of the relay being slightly longer than the intervals between the voltage pulses, so that contact is only made possible after the arrival of the last controlling pulse (Fig. 6). 15. Remote switching device according to claim 14, characterized in that the ZeitrelÜs at the end of its expiry time, abuts levers at different time intervals and thereby first a KuT, timely contact between the fixed contact (K.) and a rack contact (K "to K7) and only then causes the rack to be returned (Fig. 6). 16. Remote switching device according to all claim 15, characterized in that the rack contacts (K, to K7) with the exception of the latter in the movement direction with regard to accidental unintentional voltage pulses, the longer the further they are in the rest position from the fixed contact (K ") are removed (Fig. 6).