DE69728409T2 - EXPLOSION-RESISTANT, EXPLOSIVE DIRECTION CONTROL PACKAGING - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the invention

These The invention relates to container assemblies. The invention relates in particular to various explosion-proof, the explosive direction controlling container assemblies for picking up of explosives and to prevent or minimize damage in case an explosion. Find these container assemblies Use as enclosure and transport device for Dangerous goods such as gunpowder and explosives, e.g. As bombs and shells, in particular in aircraft, where weight plays a significant role, and even more important in cargo holds and passenger cabins of aircraft. They are special too useful for bomb disposal personnel in the fight from terrorist and other threats.

2. Stand the technology

When Responding to in 1988 on a plane of the airline Pan American over Lockerbie, Scotland, perpetrated Bombings have professionals dealing with explosives and survivability techniques to deal with planes, ways investigates how to make airliners safer against terrorist attacks power. One result of these studies was development and deployment a new generation of detection equipment for explosives. Practically speaking however, there is a bomb size limit above which a detection is relatively easy, but under which an increasing Share of bombs goes undetected. An undetected bomb would be very easy in the luggage either by being carried by a passenger on board (in a Cab) or stored in an aircraft cargo container. The cargo containers in Shape of cube-shaped containers with bevelled Edges usually exist made of lightweight aluminum, but are not explosive. For this reason, increased efforts have been made in recent years in the redesign of containers have been made to do so in relation to bombs under this Limit are both explosive and light.

For a good overview of newly designed air cargo containers, see the article by Ashley, S., SAFETY IN THE SKY: Construction of Explosion-Proof Luggage Containers, Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 114, No. 6, June 1992, pages 81-86. A type of container disclosed in this article is designed to suppress bursts of detonation and retain exploding debris while safely discharging high pressure gases while another type is designed to discharge the explosives from the aircraft by removing the explosive forces from the aircraft body be channeled outside. Several of these new designs use composite materials that are both strong and lightweight. In one such design, a hardened luggage container of a mat of a low density material such as SPECTRA ^® fibers is wound, available from the Fa. AlliedSignal Inc., and lined with a rigid polyurethane foam and perforated sheet of an aluminum alloy. This layer material covers four sides of the container in a seamless envelope. See also U.S. Publication 5267665 in this regard.

Of the Access to the interior of a container is required for loading and unloading and is usually done via doors. The Doors are in case of an explosion a significant weak point of the container, since in a detonation inside the container a normal door outward depressed becomes. If the door The pins are attached with hinges and metal pins too dangerous Projectiles. If the door in grooves or channels slides, can These grooves or channels bend or deform and render the container inoperative. It That would be why desirable, a container construction to have the above problems with the doors at the Access to the container interior excluded are.

The US Publication 5312182 discloses hardened cargo containers which the door by sliding in grooves / rails with a lock in engagement is, allegedly in such an explosion a firmer clamping causes a ripping to withstand the device. Other explosion-proof and / or the direction of explosion controlling container are in the European patent publication 0572965 A1 and in US publications 5376426; 5249534 and 5170690 described.

There are also known containers for the storage and / or transportation of explosives such as bombs or suspected explosives. See, for example, US Publication No. 5225622; 4889258; 4432285; 4055247; 4027601 and 3786956. These containers usually consist of a high-strength outer casing of immovable form and have a supporting construction in such a way that causes that the explosive is moved away from the housing. High strength materials for forming the outer casing include metal, e.g. As stainless steel or steel plates, and ballistic glass fiber. Supporting constructions include vermiculite in a binder, foam (eg styrofoam), foam rubber and cardboard. The containers are usually heavy and have a bulky and immovable shape or construction.

WO-A-9712195 personified according to Article 54 (3) EPC the state of the art. Herein explosion-proof container consisting described from at least three nested material bands, where the bands aligned to enclose a volume, and around a container wall with to form a thickness substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of at least two bands equivalent is.

In US-A-4543872 discloses an explosion-proofing device, consisting of a collapsible / inflatable cylinder, described, which contains foam in its interior.

In Publication EP-A-0204863 describes a method of explosion suppression, in which an expanded foam barrier is formed, which by an inflatable barrier element is held in place. A variety of barrier elements are described.

The Publication EP-A-0276918 forms the basis of the preamble of Claim 1. This document describes a bomb blast consisting of a series of vertically stacked chambers, through holes are interconnected, each chamber having a Liquid, z. As water contains. The air in the bomb blast suppressor can be drained for storage become.

The Environment in which a container may be used in terms of weight restrictions and space, z. B. the passenger cabin or the cargo hold of an airplane. Because of these limitations, one is collapsible container desirable, when not in use for Storage purposes can be folded into a compact form.

These Invention that overcomes the shortcomings has been developed by the state of the art, looks explosion proof and the explosive direction controlling container structures, of which some are collapsible.

SHORT DESCRIPTION THE INVENTION

These The invention is an explosion-proof container construction for receiving Explosive. The container construction is defined in claim 1.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the explosion-proof container consists of at least three foldable, seamless bands of an explosion-proof material and aqueous foam. The explosion-proof material consists of high-strength fibers with a strength of at least 10 g / d and an modulus of elasticity of at least about 200 g / d. The bands, when assembled, are interleaved with their longitudinal axes at right angles to one another to substantially enclose a volume and form a container wall having a thickness substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of at least two of the bands. The bands are collapsible in the disassembled state for storage purposes. The inner band preferably includes a foldable tab which forms a fold on either side thereof and is stabilized to prevent rotation. The inner band can be stabilized by solidification if it is made of a composite material, or by attaching rigid panels or other support structure to it, if it does not respond to solidification. The aqueous foam within the inner band preferably has a density in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.10 g / cm ^3, preferably in the range of about 0.03 to about 0.08 g / cm ^3. This embodiment is particularly useful as an aircraft cabin containment system in emergencies.

The three-band box construction of the preferred container construction of this invention has several advantages over prior art containers. It eliminates the need for an access door, since access can be via an open side or sides of the innermost band. Thus eliminates one of the weak points in containers of the prior art: door and plate hinges with steel bars are no longer required and thus no door groove locking systems. Other modifications allow easy access to the container interior for loading and unloading despite limited external space limitations. The box is permeable to explosive gases and allows the controlled release of the gas through the corners, which contribute to the function of the construction. The production of the box is in technological Hin low cost and easy. The bands of the box can be made stiff or flexible as desired. When the bands of the box are made of flexible edges and rigid surfaces, they can be collapsed for more convenient storage and transported as a set of three or more substantially flat pieces (strips) for subsequent assembly and use with explosion-retardant material.

Explosion-reducing materials can the heat energy from the explosion due to temperature increase, phase transition, z. B. evaporation of water, absorb. You can collapse and the energy absorb by crushing and / or viscoelastic effects. Condensable gases (in foams) can under increased Condensing pressure while giving off condensation heat for the aqueous phase. condensable Gases cause a decrease in the detonation wave velocity and transmitted by the condensation heat energy. The kinetic energy can be transferred to all these materials become.

The Use of aqueous Foam with condensable gas as foaming agent prolongs significantly the degassing time and reduces the risk. So he is a favorite explosion-reducing material.

SHORT DESCRIPTION THE DRAWINGS

To the better understanding The invention and the other advantages will now be described with reference to the attached Drawings and the following description of preferred embodiments. In the drawings show:

1A a three-dimensional view of band 11 , the component of the container construction 10 from 1F is;

1B a three-dimensional view of band 12 , the component of the container construction 10 from 1F is;

1C a three-dimensional view of band 13 filled with explosion-reducing material 14 and with the tapes 11 and 12 put together the container construction 10 from 1F represents;

1D a three-dimensional partial assembly view, together with 1E the assembly sequence for the container construction 10 illustrated;

1E a three-dimensional partial assembly view, together with 1D the assembly sequence for the container construction 10 illustrated;

1F a three-dimensional assembly view of the container structure 10 ;

1G a three-dimensional view of an optional support structure 17 for inclusion in the assembly of container construction 10 ;

2A a three-dimensional view of the alternating band 12 ' with the tabs X and Y;

2 B a three-dimensional partial assembly view showing the assembly sequence for the container construction 10 ' illustrated;

2C a three-dimensional assembly view of the container structure 10 ';

3A a three-dimensional view of the section of the alternating band 11 '' at the corners 16 to create parts that fold when folding the folds 18 form;

3B a three-dimensional view of the alternating band 11 '' with folds 18 ;

3C a three-dimensional partial assembly view showing the assembly sequence for the container construction 10 '' illustrated;

4 a three-dimensional mounting view of container construction 10 ''';

5A a three-dimensional view of the alternating band 11 '''' which is hexagonal in cross section;

5B a three-dimensional partial assembly view of the alternating bands 11 '''' and 12 '''';

5C a three-dimensional assembly view of the container structure 10 '''';

6A a three-dimensional subassembly view, the two-part equivalent (M and N) to tape 12 for use with the container construction 10 ''''' of this invention;

6B a three-dimensional partial assembly view similar to in FIG 6A but in addition with a third volume 13 ''''';

6C a three-dimensional assembly view of the container structure 10 ''''';

7A a three-dimensional assembly view of the explosion-proof container construction 20 in closed / loaded position;

7B a three-dimensional assembly view of the container structure 20 in open / loadable position;

8A a three-dimensional view of the inner shell 31 for an explosion-proof container with loading and unloading possibilities in limited space;

8B a three-dimensional partial assembly view of the container structure 30 ;

8C a three-dimensional partial assembly view of the container structure 30 ;

8D a three-dimensional view of the bands 40 and 41 for use in container construction 30 ;

8E the container construction 30 in closed (loaded) position;

8F the container construction 30 in open (loading / unloading) position;

9A a three-dimensional view of the band 50 with stiff inserts before folding to create the folds 18 ';

9B a three-dimensional partial view of the tape 50 with stiff inserts before folding to create the folds 18 ';

9C a three-dimensional partial view of the tape 50 during folding;

9D a three-dimensional partial view of the folded band 50 ;

9E a three-dimensional view of the folded band 50 ;

10A a three-dimensional view of a disassembled cabin container assembly set 60 ;

10B a three-dimensional view of the partially open band 63 ;

10C a three-dimensional view of the fully opened band 63 ;

10D a three-dimensional view of the opened inner band 62 with luggage stored in it 61 ;

10E a three-dimensional view of band 63 On the loaded inner band 62 is arranged;

10F a three-dimensional view of band 64 that at the boxed ribbons 62 and 63 is arranged;

10G a three-dimensional view of the composite cabin structure 70 ;

10H a three-dimensional view of band 62 with the attached network 69 ;

10I a three-dimensional view of the container structure 70 with optional carrying devices.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The The above drawings serve to better understand the preferred invention for those skilled in the art. The preferred embodiments shown in the figures These invention are by no means exhaustive or limit the Invention to the precise form disclosed. She has been elected to the principles of the invention and its application and its practical Use to describe or explain best to other professionals to be able to use the invention in the best possible way. Especially are the bands made of explosion-proof material in the accompanying drawings with parallel Lines are shown, which are essentially continuous fibers / threads in the circumferential direction the bands show, d. H. as unidirectional slivers. These Presentation is used to facilitate understanding of the invention; even though she's a tissue for This is not the only one that defines usage in this invention eligible tissues.

at The discussion of the drawings will first address constructive aspects followed by considerations to appropriate materials and how these skills of constructions Influence explosion resistance and / or explosion control.

With reference to 1F denotes the key figure 10 the explosion-proof container construction. The construction of the container structure 10 is crucial to the benefits of this invention. The container consists of a set of at least three continuous ribbons nested one inside the other and reinforced on four sides 11 . 12 and 13 of a material, which are put together into a cube. Please refer 1A . 1B and 1C , "Ribbon" means a thin, flat volume-enclosing strip The cross-section of the enclosed volume may vary, although a polygonal shape is preferred over the spherical one, with a rectangular shape being preferred and a square shape being given priority as shown 1D and 1E becomes a first inner band 11 with explosion-reducing material 14 (shown as aqueous foam) filled and then in a slightly larger second band 12 nested, which is in a slightly larger third volume 13 is nested, with all bands are arranged with their respective longitudinal axes perpendicular to each other. In this way, each of the six plates forming the side surfaces of the cube-shaped container has a thickness substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of at least two of the bands 11 . 12 and 13 is where they overlap, and every edge 15 the container is of at least one band 11 . 12 or 13 covered by the material. In other words, after the load (explosives or luggage) on the first volume 11 is present, places or distributes the explosion-reducing material 14 within the first volume 11 around the load. The second similar structured band 12 with somewhat larger dimensions is placed over the first band, that its longitudinal axis perpendicular to that of the first band 11 stands (see 1D ). The third similar but structured larger band 13 is about the second volume 12 pushed so that its longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the axes of the two bands 11 and 12 stands (see 1E ). The third volume 13 completes the preferred explosion proof container construction 10 , The fit between the bands 11 . 12 and 13 is not intended as a gas-tight seal, but is a tight fit, allowing the gas in case of an explosion from the corners 16 the cube-shaped container can escape gradually. The bands are slidable and therefore the friction characteristics of their surfaces may need to be altered, as will be explained in detail later. The container construction 10 does not have a separate access door, and thereby eliminates any limitations of prior art containers. 1G shows a weight / load carrier frame 17 , which is optional in the container construction 10 can be nested in the event that the container construction 10 To carry the objects to be loaded is not sufficiently stiff. The inner band 11 is first pushed over the frame and then takes place, as already described, the further assembly. The frame 17 can be made of metal or structural composite bars designed to optimize the load-bearing capacity of the structure and minimize container weight.

In one variant of the basic construction becomes the second band 12 by band 12 ' which is a five-page finite band (see 2A ), ie band 12 ' consists of five substantially rectangular or preferably, as shown, square, successively arranged surfaces, which is one more than the four side surfaces which form the rectangular cross section thereof. The bands 11 and 13 and the explosion-reducing material 14 are the same as in the basic construction. Under with reference to 2 B becomes the band 12 ' around the filled inner band 11 wound, with their first and fifth side surface on one of the open sides of the first band 11 survive to form the tabs X and Y. The third volume 13 completes the explosion-proof container construction 10 ' , Access to one side of the cube-shaped container construction 10 ' done by removing tape 13 and opening the tabs X and Y. In this embodiment, the tape is 12 ' Preferably, a nested band to prevent the tabs X and Y are torn in an explosion. The container construction 10 ' does not have a separate access door, and thereby eliminates any limitations imposed by prior art designs.

With reference to the 3A . 3B AND 3C , which show another variant of the basic construction, becomes the inner band 11 through the inner band 11 '' replaced, the fold 18 has the same on both sides before filling with explosion-reducing material 14 and the subsequent assembly with the other bands 12 and 13 be formed. tape 11 '' can be made wider than needed, on every corner 16 be cut in and folded to fold on each side 18 to form (see 3A and 3B ). The fold 18 is a protruding edge or a small tab that is essentially perpendicular to the plane of tape when used 11 '' stands - the next outermost band (in this example band 12 ) holds the tab 18 in this relationship to band 11 '' , Presence of folds 18 in an explosion of the container is used to limit the speed at which the hot gases escape from the container after an explosion; this serves to protect nearby people and property from damage and to reduce the risk of the container catching fire. Each inner band can be formed with folds; however, the best results are with the folds 18 at the innermost band 11 '' achieved.

Many different container shapes are considered by this invention. For example, the container structure encloses 10 ''' from 4 due to the different rectangular cross sections of the three bands, a non-cube rectangular prism. In 5C is the container construction 10 '''' which is formed by a first inner band 11 '''' (please refer 5A ), essentially with a hexagonal cross section, filled with an explosion-reducing material 14 and nested in a four-sided band 12 '''' ( 5B ), which is in the four-sided volume 13 '''' nested, which is in the four-sided volume 14 '''' is nested. The fact that belts with a versatile cross-section are preferred derives from the tendency of the container to deform in order to increase the internal volume in an explosion.

It can now be seen that in this invention, even with the cube-shaped container base version (or rectangular prism), substantially more than three bands can be used without any problem. With reference to the 6A . 6B and 6C forming the cube-shaped container construction 10 ''''' show is the second volume 12 ''''' structurally divided into two identical parallel and coaxial parts M and N, into which the inner band 11 ''''' is nested (or over the inner band 11 ''''' are arranged). The assembly of tape 11 ''''' done with the smaller parts (bands) M and N, which are in the outer band 13 ''''' are nested. Such a container construction 10 ''''' would be much easier to load and unload than a comparable container construction 10 with standardized air cargo size, ie 1.82 × 1.82 × 1.82 m (6 × 6 × 6 feet). To give an example, the loading takes place when the first volume 11 ''''' is placed on a support by means of a conventional lifting fork. Below is the first volume 11 ''''' moved up and down so that the band M can be placed around it. tape 11 ''''' is then stabilized so that the objects 19 on the first volume 11 ''''' can be loaded. After loading is then tape 11 ''''' with explosion-reducing material 14 filled and moved up and down in the other direction to allow tape N to be placed around it. Then the construction is stabilized and tape 13 ''''' over the joined bands as in the 6B and 6C shown placed. For unloading containers 10 ''''' the order is reversed. The intermediate parts (bands) M and N do not need to be completely removed for unloading and can be pushed in any direction, ie, opposite to each other as shown, or in the same direction. They can also be arranged to telescope in the same direction. The outer band 13 ''''' could, if desired, be similarly made from two or more sections.

Theoretically, an infinite number of coaxial bands may be used in parallel, which preferably abut one another to replace any band in the three band basic concept of the invention. At the inner band equivalent all coaxial bands can have folds (eg see 3B ) or overlapping tabs (eg see 2 B ) to have. At the intermediate band equivalent, all coaxial bands may have tabs, but only those adjacent to the edge may have a fold at the side adjacent to the edge. It is preferred that the outermost band consists of a single continuous band. Furthermore, a larger number of coaxial bands can also coaxially ineinan which are nested to replace any band in the three-band container concept of the invention; the number of equivalent bands used may depend on the desired stiffness of the equivalent. It is possible to have several flexible bands which become stiff in coaxial boxing.

The 7A and 7B show the explosion-proof container construction 20 in which the problem of effective closure is addressed. The container construction 20 is a container with two bands of the three-band design, which has already been discussed, and an access opening on one or more sides thereof. 7B shows the container construction 20 in open position for loading and unloading. The flap door 21 allows access to the interior from one side; it may be similar access on one or more sides of the other side surfaces. In 7B are the explosive (not shown) and the explosion-reducing material 14 already loaded. It is preferred that both the door and the container be made of a rigid material, which will be discussed in detail later. A band 22 , preferably of square cross-section, is placed over the container 20 pushed to enclose its side surfaces, thereby closing the container 20 secure (see 7A ). tape 22 can cover the whole or just a small part of the flap door 21 Cover if it is closed. At least about 20, preferably at least about 40, more preferably at least 60 percent of the area of the door 21 should by band 22 be covered. tape 22 slides to one side of the flap door 21 , as in 7B shown, or is completely removed from the container to access through the door 21 to enable. The shape of the inner cross section of ribbon 22 should match the part of the container it encloses. A versatile cross-section is preferred, with a more rectangular one being even more preferred and the square cross-section (as shown) enjoying the highest priority. The closure by means of this construction is accomplished without hinges (and possibly deadly pins for those present) or guide elements. In an explosion, the tape stops 22 the door 21 firmly. In the event that there is no door 21 covering the access opening becomes at least 50%, preferably at least about 80%, and more preferably substantially the entire area of the access opening of tape 22 covered.

The 8A - 8F show yet another explosion-proof container construction 30 , which has possibilities for loading and unloading in confined spaces. This design is very similar to the already discussed three-band concept, which acts strong detonationsdämmend. A modification of this three-band concept is necessary in order to obtain a favorable access to the container interior within the space restrictions that exist in aircraft cargo holds. In 8A is a honeycomb core plate 31 shown, the completely assembled container construction 30 gives structural strength. plate 31 is essentially a cube with a flattened edge 32 and an opening 33 on one side, which provides access to the container interior after assembly. A first inner band 34 will be around the plate 31 placed so that the opening 33 is covered. The material-forming band 34 as discussed in detail later, is pliable and can be cut to tape 34 at the opening 33 an upper one 35 and a lower access tab 36 to build. The intermediate band 37 is a continuous strip / band under which the bottom plate 39 is attached (see 8C ). The outer band is a two-piece vertically sliding band consisting of the sections 40 and 41 that glide and telescope into each other ( 40 + 41 ) to open the container. Although it is preferred that the sections 40 and 41 when the container is closed, the tabs are completely closed 35 and 36 Covering, they do not need to cover the entire area and are still effective. The inside of section 41 is dimensioned slightly larger than the exterior of section 40 (please refer 8D ) so that he can glide over it for access 33 , as in 8F shown to open completely. At the side of the container are the stops 38 intended. The projection on the lower part of stop 38 secures section 41 such that it does not fall off while the top of the stop 38 this section serves 40 not in the interior of section 41 can fall. 8E shows the closed fully assembled container construction. The possibility of telescoping this construction reduces the additional space required for loading or unloading to half the needs of a conventional cube-shaped container. In the case of three telescope sections, the additional space required would be reduced to one third, etc. Although theoretically more than three sections could be used, it would probably be impractical. The possibility of telescoping together in this construction could also in the embodiment of the closure according to 7A and 7B used where prior art containers are used.

With reference to the 9A to 9E , which show another variant of the basic construction, becomes the inner band 11 through the inner band 50 replaced, the fold 18 ' which are formed prior to assembly on both sides thereof. The ribbon 52 can be made wider than needed and at its edges 15 be folded to fold on each side 18 ' to accomplish. fold 18 ' is a protruding edge or tab that when used is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the tape 52 runs - the next outer band holds the fold / tab 18 ' in this relationship to band 52 , 9A shows the use of the reinforced inserts for the inner band, ie a hardened square picture frame insert 51 for each of the four side surfaces of the band, and the use of the reinforced inserts for the tabs on each side of the band, ie two hardened rectangular inserts 52 and two trapezoidal inserts 53 , These inserts 51 . 52 and 53 are arranged at intervals to each other to the folding of the tabs to form the folds 18 ' to enable. The tabs with the trapezoidal inserts 53 face each other and are folded inwards by 90 ° to form the side surfaces of the cube without having to cut the fabric along the edges between the tabs. The tabs with the rectangular inserts 52 , which also face each other, are then folded inward by 90 ° and secured to the other tabs, for example by mating hook and loop fasteners 54 from VELCRO ^® . The advantage of the tabs / folds 18 ' need not be cut and can remain connected, is that they can not be easily pushed by the force of the explosion in the container structure to the outside.

The 10A to 10I show an aircraft cabin emergency container assembly, shown in disassembled form as a set 60 ( 10A ) about the structure ( B to F ) up to the emergency container construction 70 ( 10G ). With reference to 10A includes the sentence 60 the folded (folded) bands 62 . 63 and 64 ; the canister 66 with flame retardant material, preferably an aqueous foam; an optional telescopic rod 67 ; and straps 68 to hold together the sentence 60 during storage. 10B shows the unfolding of the inner band 63 at its edges 15 until it is completely erect (see 10C ). 10D shows the arrangement of suspicious luggage 61 in the inner band 62 with the lockable tabs 65 , With reference to 10E becomes the explosion-reducing material 14 , shown as aqueous foam, in the inner band 62 over canisters 66 around the suspicious luggage 61 distributed. The tabs 65 are closed to form a fold, and the inner band 62 is inside the band 63 nested, their longitudinal axes are perpendicular to each other. The third, but much larger band 64 , is about the second volume 63 (please refer 10F ), so that its longitudinal axis to the axes of the two bands 62 and 63 is vertical. The cabin container construction 70 is in 10G shown. 10H shows the use of the optional mesh fabric 69 in which the suspicious luggage 61 ' not with the sides of the bands 62 and 63 comes into contact. 10I shows the optional handles 71 through which the telescopic rod 67 for carrying the container construction 70 is pushed. The handles 71 be after assembly of the container construction 70 glued on ( 72 ).

Of the here in terms of the bands used term "stiff" means that a Band over his side surface or areas is not flexible. Each volume includes a variety of side surfaces and Edges and can essentially over the surfaces be inflexible, but keep its flexibility on the edges and still to be considered as "stiff" Band is also considered "collapsible" because its flexible Edges act as pinless hinges, which are essentially the same non-flexible side surfaces Connect, and the band can essentially be folded by at least flattened two of its edges become. With respect to the side surfaces, flexibility becomes as follows Are defined. A material length becomes horizontal along one side on a flat support surface an unsupported overhang part the length "L." The vertical Distance "D", not from the clamped side of the overhang part until it reaches below the flat support surface, is being measured. The relationship D / L is the measure of stretch formability. If the ratio goes against 1, the construction / side surface is very flexible, and if The relationship goes against 0, she is very stiff or not flexible. constructions are considered stiff when the ratio D / L is less than about 0.2, preferably less than about 0.1.

The structural design of this invention, particularly the three-band cube design, improves the ability of the container to contain the detonation within the container. This ability to contain the detonation is also enhanced by the increased surface density of the container. "Areal density" is the weight of construction per unit area of construction in kg / m ² , which will be discussed in more detail in connection with the following examples: The most preferred explosive materials in the formation of the containers and bands of this invention are oriented films, fiber layers and / or a corresponding combination thereof A resin matrix may optionally be used with fiber layers and a film (oriented or unoriented) may be resin matrix.

Single-axis or biaxially-oriented films useful as an explosive material may be single-layer, two-layer or multi-layer films selected from the group consisting of homopolymers and copolymers of thermoplastic polyolefins, thermoplastic elastomers, crosslinked thermoplastics, crosslinked elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, fluorocarbons, Urethanes, epoxy resins, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride and mixtures thereof. Films of choice are high density polyethylene, polypropylene and blends of polyethylene and elastomers. The film thickness extends vorzugswei from about 5 to 1016 μm (0.2 to 40 mils), more preferably from about 12.7 to 508 μm (0.5 to 20 mils), most preferably from about 25.4 to 381 μm (1 to 15 mils) mils).

in the According to this invention, there is a fibrous layer of at least a network of fibers, either alone or with a matrix. The Fiber is a prolonged one Body, their length measure much larger than their cross dimensions in terms of width and thickness. Consequently, the term includes Monofilament, multifilament, ribbon, strip, pile and other filament Forms of chopped, cut or finite fibers and the like with regular or irregular cross-section. The term fiber includes a plurality of any of these above or a combination thereof.

The Cross sections of the threads for use in this invention can vary widely. You can in the Cross-section circular, be flat or rectangular. You can also get an irregular or regularly lobed Cross section with one or more regular or irregular lobes have, which protrude from the linear or longitudinal axis of the fibers. It is particularly preferred that the continuous fibers be substantially one circular, have flat or rectangular cross-section, the former is preferred.

With Netting is a variety of fibers meant in a given Configuration or a plurality of fibers arranged together are to form a twisted or untwisted yarn, wherein the yarns are arranged in a predetermined configuration. For example, you can the fibers or yarn as felt or in other nonwoven, knitted or woven type (smooth, chain winding, satin and crow feet etc.) to a mesh or by conventional methods to a Netting be formed. After a particularly preferred network configuration the fibers are one-sided, so they essentially along a common fiber direction parallel to each other. continuous fibers are most preferred, although fibers that are oriented and a length from about 7.6 to 30.4 cm (about 3 to 12 inches) are also acceptable are and for the purposes of this invention as "substantially endless" apply.

It is preferred that within a fibrous layer at least about 10 percent by weight of the fibers, more preferably at least about 50 percent by weight of the fibers, and most preferably at least about 75 percent by weight of the fibers be substantially continuous fiber lengths enclosing the volume trapped by the container. Enclose volume means in the band or circumferential direction, ie substantially parallel to or in the direction of the tape, as a band as already defined and illustrated above. By substantially parallel to or in the direction of the band is meant within ± 10 °. It is also preferred that the bands of this invention are substantially seamless. Substantially seamless means that the tape is seamless at each edge connecting the adjacent side surfaces for more than at least one full turn of the fiber layer, and also that at a given point on the tape there is at least one seamless layer. By that definition, the band would 12 ' to 2A as substantially seamless, even if its flaps X and Y are not connected to each other. Thus, each side surface of a band at at least one common edge is connected to another side surface with a fibrous material functioning as a hinge between them; the preferred fibrous material comprises substantially endless, parallel lengths of fibers perpendicular to the edge.

The endless belts can be made by a number of methods. In a preferred embodiment, the tapes, especially those without a resin matrix, are wound by winding tissue around a mandrel and securing the form by suitable securing means, e.g. Bonding by heat and / or pressure, heat shrinking, adhesives, staples, stitching, and other securing means known to those skilled in the art. Sewing can be either the sewing of dots, lines, or stitches with intersecting sections of parallel lines. Sewing is usually done in the form of stitches, but in this invention there is no special type of stitch or sewing methods that are preferred as securing means. The fiber used to form the stitches can also vary widely. The useful fiber may have a relatively low modulus or modulus and a relatively low strength or a relatively high strength. The fiber to be used for the stitches preferably has a strength equal to or greater than about 2 g / d and a modulus equal to or greater than about 20 g / d. All tensile properties are evaluated by drawing a 25.4 cm (10-inch) length of fiber clamped on an INSTRON Tensile Tester between 25.4 cm / min (10 in / min) tension clamps. In cases where it is desirable to make the tape somewhat stiffer, pockets may be sewn into the fabric into which rigid panels may be inserted, or the panels may themselves be sewn into the band between material coils. This is another "foldable" design of stiff bands, ie, the side surfaces are stiff because of the presence of the stiff panels, but the edges are pliable because of the flexible fabric that forms or can form the bands be bent, z. B. by the weight of the stiff side part. An advantage to the collapsible embodiments of this invention is that the component can be transported in a flat form and set up just prior to use. Another way to make fabric windings within a belt either stiff is by means of stitch patterns, e.g. For example, parallel rows of stitches may be applied to patch surfaces of the belt to make it stiff, while the joints / edges are not stitched to make another "foldable" rigid belt.

Of the for the explosion-proof material used fiber type can vary widely and inorganic or organic nature. Preferred fibers for the practical application of this invention, in particular for the im Essentially endless lengths, are those with a strength equal to or greater than about 10 g / d and a tensile modulus equal or greater than about 200 g / d (measured with a tensile tester type INSTRON). Especially preferred Fibers are those having a strength equal to or greater than about 20 g / d and a tensile modulus equal to or greater than about 500 g / d. Most become such executions preferred in which the strength of the fibers is equal to or greater than about 25 g / d and the tensile modulus is equal to or greater than about 1000 g / d. at In practice, this invention has the fibers chosen a firmness equal to or greater than about 30 g / d and a tensile modulus equal to or greater than about 1200 g / d.

High performance fibers can in ribbons be incorporated together and / or in conjunction with others Fibers of inorganic, organic or metallic nature can. The high performance fiber is preferably the endless (chain) fiber and the other fiber is the filler fiber. The other fiber can optionally be in both the chain and the fiberfill be incorporated. Such fabrics are referred to as hybrid fibers. Hybrid fibers can used to make one or more bands of the container become. Hybrid fibers should preferably be used to obtain a Part or the entire outer band to manufacture from it. The bands can also by simultaneous or successive winding a or multiple fabrics of conventional fibers with one or more Fabrics are made from high performance fibers.

Of the Denier value of the fiber can vary widely. In general, the Fiber equal to or less than about 8000 denier. In the preferred versions According to the invention, the denier value of the fiber varies between about 10 and about 4000, and in the more preferred embodiments is the denier between about 10 and about 2000. In the most preferred embodiments According to the invention, the denier value is between about 10 and about 1500. Allow fabrics of fibers with a coarser (higher) denier value a better degassing, which may be desirable in some cases.

Appropriate inorganic Fibers include S-glass fibers, E-glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, alumina fibers, Zirconia-silica fibers, Alumina-silica fibers and similar.

exemplary for useful continuous inorganic fibers for use in this invention Glass fibers such as fibers formed from quartz, magnesium aluminum silicate, non-alkaline aluminum borosilicate, soda borosilicate, soda silicate, Soda lime aluminosilicate, lead silicate, non-alkaline lead boron aluminum oxide, not alkaline barium-boron-aluminum oxide, non-alkaline zinc boron-aluminum oxide, non-alkaline iron-aluminum silicate, Cadmium borate, alumina fibers containing "saffilofibers" in Eta, Delta and theta phase form, asbestos, boron, silicon carbide, graphite and carbon, such as those derived by carbonation from Saran, polyaramid (Nomex), nylon, polybenzimidazole, polyoxadiazole, Polyphenylene, PPR, petroleum and coal tar (isotropic), mesophase tars, cellulose and polyacrylonitrile, ceramic fibers, metal fibers such as steel, aluminum metal alloys and similar.

Illustrative of useful organic fibers are those of polyesters, polyolefins, polyetheramides, fluoropolymers, polyethers, celluloses, phenolic resins, polyesteramides, polyurethanes, epoxies, aminoplasts, silicones, polysulfones, polyetherketones, polyetheretherketones, polyesterimides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyether acryl ketones, poly (amide imides) and polyimides , Exemplary of other useful continuous organic fibers are those composed of aramids (aromatic polyamides) such as poly (m-xylylene adipamide), poly (p-xylylene-bismamide), poly (2,2,2-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide), poly (piperazine sebacamide), poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide ) and poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide); aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyamides such as copolyamide from 30% hexamethylenediammonium isophthalate and 70% hexamethylenediammonium adipate, the copolyamide up to 30% bis (amidocyclohexyl) methylene, terephthalic acid and caprolactam, polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66), poly (butyrolactam) (nylon 4), poly (9 -aminonoic acid) (nylon 9), poly (enantholactam) (nylon 7), poly (capryllactam) (nylon 8), polycaprolactam (nylon 6), poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), polyhexamethylene sebacamide (nylon 6,10), polyaminoundecanamide (nylon 11), polydodecanolactam (nylon 12), polyhexamethyleneisophthalamide, polyhexamethylene terephthalamide, polycaproamide, poly (nonamethyleneazelamide (nylon 9,9), poly (decamethyleneazelamide) (nylon 10,9), poly (decamethylene sebacamide) (nylon 10,10), poly [bis - (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane-1,10-decanedicarboxamide] (Qiana) (trans) or combinations thereof; and aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic polyesters such as poly (1,4-cyclohexylidene dimethylene terephthalate) cis and trans, poly (ethylene-1, 5-naphthalate), poly (ethylene-2,6-naphthalate), poly (1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) (trans), poly (decamethylene terephthalate), poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly (ethylene isophthalate), poly (ethyleneoxybenzoate), poly (para-hydroxybenzoate), poly (dimethylpropiolactone), poly (decamethylene adipate), poly (ethylene succinate), poly (ethylene azelate), poly (decamethylene sabacate), poly (α, α-dimethylpropiolactone), and the like.

Also illustrative of useful continuous organic fibers are those of liquid crystalline polymers such as lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers containing polypeptides such as poly-α-benzyl-L-glutamate and the like; aromatic polyamides such as poly (1,4-benzamide), poly (chloro-1-4-phenylene terephthalamide), poly (1,4-phenylene fumaramide), poly (chloro-1,4-phenylene fumaramide), poly (4, 4'-benzanilide trans, trans-muconamide), poly (1,4-phenylene mesaconamide), poly (1,4-phenylene) (trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneamide), poly (chloro-1,4-phenylene ) (trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneamide), poly (1,4-phenylene-1,4-dimethyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneamide), poly (1,4-phenylene-2,5-pyridineamide) , Poly (chloro-1,4-phenylene-2,5-pyridineamide), poly (3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenylene-2,5-pyridineamide), poly (1,4-phenylene 4,4'-stilbeneamide), poly (chloro-1,4-phenylene-4,4'-stilbeneamide), poly (1,4-phenylene-4,4'-azobenzeneamide), poly (4,4 '') 'azobenzene-4,4'-azobenzeneamide), poly (1,4-phenylene-4,4'-azoxybenzeneamide), poly (4,4'-azobenzene-4,4'-azoxybenzeneamide), poly ( 1,4-cyclohexylene-4,4'-azobenzenamide), poly (4,4'-azobenzene terephthalamide), poly (3,8-phenanthridine terephthalamide), poly (4,4'-biphenylene terephthalamide), poly (4 , 4'-biphenylene-4,4'-bibenzoamide), poly (1,4-phenylene) 4,4'-bibenzoamide), poly (1,4-phenylene-4,4'-terephenyleneamide), poly (1,4-phenylene-2,6-naphthalamide), poly (1,5-naphthaleneterephthalamide) , Poly (3,3'-dimethyl-4,4-biphenylene terephthalamide), poly (3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylene terephthalamide), poly (3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4- biphenylene-4,4'-bibenzoamide) and the like; Polyoxamides such as those derived from 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl and chloro-1,4-phenylenediamine; Polyhydrazides such as polychloroterephthalhydrazide, 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid hydrazide), poly (terephthalhydrazide), poly (terephthalchloroterephthalhydrazide) and the like; Poly (amide hydrazides) such as poly (terephthaloyl-1,4-aminobenzhydrazide) and those prepared from 4-aminobenzhydrazide, oxaldihydrazide, terephthalic dihydrazide and para-aromatic diacid chlorides; Polyesters such as those having the compositions with poly (oxy-trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexylenecarbonyl-β-oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxyteraphthaloyl) and poly (oxy-cis-1,4-cyclohexylenoxycarbonyl) trans-1,4-cyclohexylenecarbonyl-β-oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxyterephthaloyl) in methylene chloride-o-cresol-poly (oxy-trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexylenecarbonyl-b-oxy ( 2-methyl-1,4-phenylene) oxy-terephthaloyl) in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-o-chlorophenolphenol (60: 25: 15% by volume / volume percent / volume percent), poly [oxy trans-1,4 -cyclohexyleneoxycarbonyl-trans-1,4-cyclohexylenecarbonyl-b-oxy- (2-methyl-1,3-phenylene) oxy-terephthaloyl) in o-chlorophenol and the like; Polyazomethines such as those made from 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide and terephthalaldehyde, methyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and terephthalaldehyde and the like; Polyisocyanides such as poly (phenylethyl isocyanide), poly (n-octyl isocyanide) and the like; Polyisocyanates such as poly (n-alkyl isocyanates) such as poly (n-butyl isocyanate), poly (n-hexyl isocyanate) and the like; lyotropic crystalline polymers with heterocyclic units such as poly (1,4-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole) (PBT), poly (1,4-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PEO), poly (1, 4-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole), poly (1,4-poly- [2,5 (6) -phenylene-2,6-benzobisimidazole), benzimidazole] (AB-PBI), poly (4-phenylene) 2,6- (1,4-phenylene-4-phenylquinoline], poly [1,1 '- (4,4'-biphenylene) -6,6'-bis (4-phenylquinoline)] and the like; polyorganophosphazines such as polyphosphazine, polybisphenoxyphosphazine, poly [bis (2,2,2'-trifluoroethylene) phosphazine] and the like, metal polymers such as those by condensation of trans-bis (tri-n-butylphosphine) platinum dichloride with bisacetylene or trans-bis (tri-n-butyl). n-butylphosphine) bis (1,4-butadienyl) platinum and similar combinations derived in the presence of copper iodine and an amide: cellulose and cellulose derivatives such as the esters of cellulose, for example triacetate cellulose, acetate cellulose, acetate butyrate cellulose, nitrate cellulose and sulphate cellulose, ethers of cellulose such as Et hylether cellulose, hydroxymethyl ether cellulose, hydroxypropyl ether cellulose, carboxymethyl ether cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, cyanoethyl ethyl ether cellulose, cellulose ether esters such as acetoxyethyl ether cellulose and benzoyloxypropyl ether cellulose, and urethane cellulose, for example, phenylurethane cellulose; thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers such as celluloses and their derivatives such as hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propionoxypropylcellulose; thermotropic copolyesters such as copolymers of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, copolymers of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, terephthalic acid and p-aminophenol, copolymers of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, terephthalic acid and hydroquinone, copolymers of 6 Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroquinone and terephthalic acid, copolymers of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and hydroquinone, copolymers of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid, copolymers of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Tere phthalic acid and 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, copolymers of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isophthalic acid, hydroquinone and 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, copolymers of phenylterephthalic acid and hydroquinone, copolymers of chlorohydroquinone , Terephthalic acid and p-acetoxycinnamic acid, copolymers of chlorohydroquinone, terephthalic acid and ethylenedioxy-r, r'-dibenzoic acid, copolymers of hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and isophthalic acid, copolymers of (1-phenylethyl) hydroquinone, terephthalic acid and hydroquinone, and copolymers Poly (ethylene terephthalate) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid; and thermotropic polyamides and thermotropic copoly (amide esters).

Also exemplary of useful organic continuous fibers are those composed of chain-extended polymers formed by polymerization of α, β-unsaturated monomers having the formula: R ₁ R ₂ -C = CH ₂

Where:
R ₁ and R ₂ are the same or different and are hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkylcarbonyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclic or alkyl or aryl, either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, cyano , Hydroxy, alkyl and aryl. Illustrative of such polymers of α, β-unsaturated monomers are polymers including polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (1-octadecene), polyisobutylene, poly (1-pentene), poly (2-methylstyrene), poly (4 -methylstyrene), poly (1-hexene), poly (4-methoxystyrene), poly (5-methyl-1-hexene), poly (4-methylpentene), poly (1-butene), polyvinyl chloride, Polybutylene, polyacrylonitrile, poly (methylpentene-1), poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (vinyl acetate), poly (vinyl butyral), poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride), vinyl chloride-vinylacetate chloride copolymer, poly (vinylidene fluoride), poly (methyl acrylate ), Poly (methylmethacrylate), poly (methacrylonitrile), poly (acrylamide), poly (vinylfluoride), poly (vinylformal), poly (3-methyl-1-butene), poly (4-methyl-1-butene) , Poly (4-methyl-1-pentene), poly (1-hexane), poly (5-methyl-1-hexene), poly (1-octadecene), poly (vinylcyclopentane), poly (vinylcyclohexane) , Poly (a-vinylnaphthalene), poly (vinyl methyl ether), poly (vinyl ethyl ether), poly (vinyl propyl ether), poly (vinyl car bazole), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone), poly (2-chlorostyrene), poly (4-chlorostyrene), poly (vinyl formate), poly (vinyl butyl ether), poly (vinyl octyl ether), poly (vinyl methyl ketone), poly (methyl isopropenyl ketone), poly - (4-phenylstyrene) and the like.

The expedient high strength fibers include chain-extended polyolefin fibers, especially extended chain polyethylene fibers (ECPE), aramid fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, liquid crystal copolyester fibers, Polyamide fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers and / or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are polyolefin and aramid fibers. When a Mixture of fibers is used, it is preferred that it is the fibers are a mixture of at least two of polyethylene fibers, Aramid fibers, polyamide fibers, carbon fibers and glass fibers selected fibers is.

U.S. Patent 4,457,985 generally discusses such chain extended polyethylene and polypropylene fibers. In the case of polyethylene, suitable fibers are those having an average molecular weight of at least 150,000, preferably at least one million, and more preferably between two million and five million. Such chain-extended polyethylene fibers can thrive in a solution as described in US Pat. Nos. 4,137,394 or 4,356,138, or can be spun from solution to form a gel structure, as described in German Publication 3004699, GB 2051667 and especially in US Pat U.S. Patent Nos. 4,413,110 and 4,551,296. As used herein, the term polyethylene means a predominantly linear polyethylene material which may contain minor amounts of chain branches or comonomers not exceeding 5 modifying units per 100 main chain carbon atoms, and also not more than about 50 weight percent of one or more polymeric additives such as alkene. 1-polymers may be blended, in particular low density polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene, copolymers with monoolefins as primary monomers, oxidized polyolefins, graft polyolefin copolymers and polyoxymethylenes, or low molecular weight additives such as antioxidants, lubricants, ultraviolet screeners, dyes and the like referred to here in general. Depending on the formation process, draw ratio and temperatures and other conditions, these threads can be given a variety of properties. The strength of the filaments is at least about 15 g / d, preferably at least 20 g / d, more preferably at least 25 g / d, and most preferably at least 30 g / d. Similarly, the tensile modulus of the filaments as measured by the INSTRON Tensile Tester is at least about 200 g / d, preferably at least 500 g / d, more preferably at least 1000 g / d, and most preferably at least 1200 g / d. These highest values for tensile modulus and strength are generally only through the use of gel-filament techniques achieved or cultured in solution threads. Many of the filaments have melting points higher than the melting point of the polymer from which they were formed. Thus, for example, a high molecular weight polyethylene of 150,000, 1 million and two million generally has melting points of mostly 138 ° C. The highly oriented polyethylene filaments of these materials have higher melting points by about 7 ° to about 13 ° C. Thus, a small increase in melting point reflects the crystalline perfection and higher crystalline orientation of the filaments compared to the bulk polymer.

In similar Way you can strongly oriented chain extensions Polypropylene fibers having an average molecular weight of at least 200,000, preferably at least one million and even more preferably at least two million are used. This chain extended Polypropylene can be prepared by means of the procedures outlined above Reference has been made, and in particular by means of the method according to US publications 4413110, 4551296, 4663101 and 4784820, appropriate in good oriented threads be formed. Because polypropylene is much less crystalline than polyethylene and containing free-floating methyl groups are those with polypropylene achievable strength values generally much lower as the corresponding values for Polyethylene. As a result, an appropriate strength is at least about 8 g / d, the preferred strength being at least about 11 g / d. Of the Tensile module for Polypropylene is at least about 160 g / d, preferably at least about 200 g / d. The melting point of the polypropylene is generally increased by the orientation method by a few degrees and that such that the polypropylene fiber is preferably a major melting point of at least 168 ° C more preferably at least 170 ° C. The most preferred Areas for the parameters described above may be advantageous in the final product to improve performance. The application of Fibers with an average molecular weight of at least about 200,000, associated with the preferred areas for the above described parameters (modulus and strength), may be in the final product advantageously cause improved performance.

high molecular weight High tensile modulus polyvinyl alcohol fibers are illustrated in US Publication 4440711. high molecular weight PV OH fibers should have an average molecular weight of have at least about 200,000. Particularly suitable PV-OH fibers should have a Modulus of at least about 300 g / d, a strength of at least about 7 g / d (preferably at least about 10 g / d, more preferably about 14 g / d, and most preferably at least about 17 g / d) and have a decomposition energy of at least about 8 Joules / g. PV-OH fibers having an average molecular weight of at least about 200,000, a strength of at least about 10 g / d, a modulus of at least about 300 g / d and a decomposition energy of about 8 joules / g are probably in the manufacture of products this invention more appropriate. PV-OH fibers with such properties can For example, be prepared by a method that in the US Publication 4599267, to which reference is hereby made.

in the Traps of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) have the PAN fibers for use in this invention, a molecular weight of at least about 400,000. Particularly suitable PAN fibers should have a strength of at least about 10 g / d and a splitting energy of at least about 8 joules / g. PAN fibers with a molecular weight of at least about 400,000, a strength of at least about 15 to about 20 g / d and a decomposition energy of at least about 8 joules / g are the most convenient; Such fibers are disclosed, for example, in US Publication 4535027 disclosed, to which reference is hereby made.

In the case of aramid fibers, suitable aramid fibers formed primarily from aromatic polyamide are described in US Publication 3671542. Preferred aramid fibers have a tenacity of at least about 20 g / d, a tensile modulus of at least about 400 g / d, and a delamination energy of at least about 8 joules / g, and particularly preferred aramid fibers have a tenacity of at least about 20 g / d, a modulus of at least about 480 g / d and a splitting energy of at least about 20 Joules / g. The most preferred aramid fibers have a tenacity of at least about 20 g / d, a modulus of at least about 900 g / d, and a splitting energy of at least about 30 joules / g. For example, poly (phenylenediamine) filaments produced by Dupont Corporation under the trade name KEVLAR ^® 29, 49, 129 and 149 for the market and excessive modules and strength properties have are of this invention particularly useful in the formation of the products ,

KEVLAR 29 has 500 g / d and 22 g / d and KEVLAR 49 1000 g / d and 22 g / d as modulus or strength values. Also useful in the practice of this invention are poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide) fibers from the Fa. Dupont be prepared under the trade name NOMEX ^®.

In the case of the liquid crystal copolyesters, suitable fibers are disclosed, for example, in US Publication Nos. 3975487, 4118372 and 4161470. Strength values of about 15 to about 30 g / d and before Preferably about 20 to about 25 g / d and a tensile modulus of about 500 to 1500 g / d and preferably about 1000 to about 1200 g / d are particularly desirable.

If in the practice of this invention, a matrix material used, it may be one or more thermosetting Resins or one or more thermoplastic resins or a Consist of mixture of these resins. The choice of matrix material is depends on, like the tapes to form and use. The desired stiffness of the band and / or ultimately the container strongly influences the choice of matrix material. As in the sense of When used in this invention, "thermoplastic resins" are resins which are more than one Warmed up times and softened, cooled and hardened can be without them making a fundamental change experienced, and "thermosetting resins" are resins that not softened again after molding, extrusion or casting and can be reworked and get the new, irreversible properties as soon as they happen harden to a temperature the most critical for every resin is.

Of the Tensile modulus of the matrix material in the band (s) be low (flexible) or high (stiff), and depends on how the tape should be used. The most important requirement for the matrix material is that it is flexible enough for it in the most diverse Steps of the banding process to which it is added are processed can be. In this regard, thermosetting resins, the complete untempered are or have entered the B state but are not fully cured, probably satisfactory to process, as with Completely hardened thermosetting resins the case would be those with tolerable Glues put together can be. Heat added to the process would the Processing of higher modulus thermoplastic materials allow the otherwise too stiff for the processing would be; the temperature at which the material is exposed to heat, and the Duration of suspension must be such that the material softens for processing, without adversely affecting any impregnated fibers that may be present.

Under Attention to the foregoing thermosetting Resins useful in the practice of this invention, for example bismaleimides, alkyds, acrylics, aminoplasts, urethanes, unsaturated polyesters, Silicones, epoxy resins, vinyl esters and mixtures thereof. Full Details about suitable thermosetting plastics are found in US Publication 5330820. Particularly preferred thermosetting Resins are epoxy resins, polyesters and vinyl esters, with an epoxy resin the thermosetting one Resin of choice.

thermoplastic Resins for The practical application of this invention may also vary widely. Exemplary for appropriate thermoplastic Resins are polyactones, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polysulfones, Polyetheretherketones, polyamides, polyesters, poly (arylene oxides), poly (arylene sulfides), Vinyl polymers, polyacrylics, polyacrylates, polyolefins, ionomers, Polyepichlorohydrins, polyetherimides, liquid crystal resins, elastomers and copolymers and mixtures thereof. Details of appropriate thermoplastic Resins are to be found in the US publication 5330820, which is referred to here. Particularly preferred thermoplastic Low modulus (elastomeric) resins are described in the U.S. publication 4820568, especially those used by the shell Chemical Co., which are published in the pronouncement "Thermoplastic Rubber KRATON ", SC-68-81 become. Particularly preferred thermoplastic resins are high density, low density and linear low density polyethylenes, alone or as mixtures as described in US Publication 4,820,458. It a wide range of elastomers can be used, including natural rubber, Styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyisoprene, polychloroprene-butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, ER rubbers, EPDM rubbers and polybutylenes.

at the preferred embodiments of the invention the matrix is a low modulus polymeric matrix derived from the Group consisting of a low density polyethylene; a polyurethane; a flexible epoxy resin; a filled Elastomervulkanisat; a thermoplastic elastomer and a modified nylon-6 selected has been.

The Matrix-yarn ratio in the tapes is not critical and can vary widely. In general, will the matrix material by about 10 to about 90% fiber volume, preferably about 10 to 80%, and most preferably about 10 to 30%.

When using a matrix resin this can be applied in a variety of ways on the fiber, for. As by embedding, impregnation, lamination, coating by extrusion and by solutions or solvents. Effective methods of forming coated fibrous layers useful in this invention are described in detail in the already cited US Pat cations 4820568 and 4916000.

• A. Umwickeln eines Dorns mit mindestens einem flexiblen Flächengebilde aus einem hochfesten Fasermaterial mehrschichtig unter einer solchen Spannung, dass sich zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten keine Hohlräume bilden können,
• B. Befestigen der Materialschichten miteinander zu einem im Wesentlichen nahtlosen und mindestens teilweise steifen ersten Band, und
• C. Abziehen des Bandes vom Dorn.

The explosion-proof strips can be produced by the following method steps:

• A. wrapping a mandrel having at least one flexible sheet of a high strength fiber material in a multilayered manner under such a tension that no voids can form between the successive layers;
• B. attaching the layers of material together to form a substantially seamless and at least partially stiff first band, and
• C. Peel off the tape from the mandrel.

The Wrap tension is normally in the range of about 0.018 to 9 kg / cm (0.1 to 50 pounds per linear inch), more preferred in the range of about 0.36 to 9 kg / cm (2 to 50 pounds per linear inch), most preferably in the range of about 0.36 to 3.6 kg / cm (2 to 20 pounds per linear inch). The fiber layers can on diverse Way firmly connected to each other, z. B. by gluing by heat and / or pressure, shrinking, glue, staples and sewing, such as discussed above. It is most preferred that for secure bonding the fiber material is contacted with a resin matrix and the layers made of high-strength fiber material and the resin matrix on or outside of the spine are solidified. The fiber material can be made with a resin matrix either before, while or brought into contact after wrapping. Some of the ways as this is done will be discussed in detail below. By "solidifying" we mean that Bonding the matrix material to the fiber network into a single one unitary Layer. Depending on the type of matrix material and how this affects the fibers The solidification can be applied by drying, cooling, pressure or a corresponding combination thereof, optionally in Combination with the use of an adhesive. The term "solidifying" also includes a partial solidification, in which the side surfaces of a But bands do not solidify their edges. In this way, the faces be made stiff while the edges the ability keep bending or bending to a collapsing to enable the band. "Sheet" means a single fiber or a roving in the sense of this invention.

• A. Umwickeln eines Dorns mit einem ersten biegsamen Flächengebilde aus einem hochfesten Fasermaterial mehrschichtig unter einer solchen Spannung, dass sich zwischen aufeinander folgenden Schichten zwecks Bildung eines ersten Bandes keine Hohlräume bilden können;
• B. Kontaktieren des hochfesten Fasermaterials des ersten biegsamen Flächengebildes mit einer Harzmatrix;
• C. Anbringen eines Abstandsmittels an der Außenseite des ersten Bandes;
• D. Umwickeln eines zweiten biegsamen Flächengebildes aus einem hochfesten Fasermaterial mehrschichtig um das Abstandsmittel unter einer solchen Spannung, dass sich zwischen aufeinander folgenden Schichten zwecks Bildung eines zweiten Bandes keine Hohlräume bilden können;
• E. Kontaktieren des hochfesten Fasermaterials des zweiten biegsamen Flächengebildes mit einer Harzmatrix;
• F. Anbringen des zweiten Abstandsmittels an die Außenseite des zweiten Bandes;
• G. Umwickeln eines dritten biegsamen Flächengebildes aus einem hochfesten Fasermaterial mehrschichtig um das zweite Abstandsmittel unter einer solchen Spannung, dass sich zwischen aufeinander folgenden Schichten zur Bildung eines dritten Bandes keine Hohlräume bilden können;
• H. Kontaktieren des hochfesten Fasermaterials des dritten biegsamen Flächengebildes mit einer Harzmatrix;
• I. Wiederholen der Schritte Anlegen, Umwickeln und Kontaktierung, um die gewünschte Anzahl von Bändern herzustellen;
• J. Verfestigen von wenigstens einem Teil eines jeden Bandes am Dorn; und
• K. Entfernen der Bänder und der Abstandsmittel vom Dorn.

Another method of making tapes for assembly into explosion proof containers involves the following steps:

• A. wrapping a mandrel having a first pliable sheet of a high strength fiber material in a multilayered manner under such a tension that no voids can form between successive layers to form a first band;
• B. contacting the high strength fiber material of the first flexible sheet with a resin matrix;
• C. attaching a spacing means to the outside of the first band;
• D. wrapping a second flexible sheet of high strength fibrous material around the spacer under a tension such that no voids can form between successive layers to form a second band;
• E. contacting the high strength fiber material of the second flexible sheet with a resin matrix;
• F. attaching the second spacer means to the outside of the second band;
• G. wrapping a third flexible sheet of a high strength fiber material in a multilayered manner around the second spacing means under a tension such that voids can not form between successive layers to form a third band;
• H. contacting the high strength fiber material of the third flexible sheet with a resin matrix;
• I. repeating the steps of donning, wrapping and contacting to make the desired number of ribbons;
• J. solidifying at least a portion of each band at the spine; and
• K. Remove the bands and spacers from the mandrel.

This Method allows the formation of all bands for a single container for same time.

In a preferred embodiment, the flexible sheet is formed as follows. Yarn bundles of from about 30 to about 2000 individual filaments of less than about 12 denier, and preferably about 100 individual filaments of less than about 7 deniers, are fed from a slip-on gate and passed into a collimating comb prior to being coated by guides and a doctor blade. The collimation comb makes the threads coplanar and substantially parallel and unidirectional. The threads are then layered between release papers, one with a nas sen matrix resin is coated. This assembly then slides under a series of pressure rollers to complete the impregnation of the filaments. The top release paper is then peeled off and rolled up onto a take-up spool while the impregnated web of threads passes through a heated tunnel oven to remove the solvent and is then wound up. Alternatively, a single wet matrix resin coated release paper may be used to form the impregnated web of filaments. This impregnated web forms the unidirectional preimpregnated tape or sheet and is one of the preferred feedstocks for making some of the tapes, as discussed in the following examples.

at an alternative embodiment In accordance with this invention, two such impregnated nets become continuous placed diagonally, preferably by cutting one of the nets in lengths, the successive over the width of the other network is arranged in an orientation of 0 ° to 90 ° can be. This results in a continuous flexible sheet of high strength Fiber material formed. See US Publication 5173138. This flexible fabrics (Fiber layer), optionally with a film, as discussed below then used to form one or more ribbons according to the methods of this invention to shape. This fiber layer has sufficient flexibility, in accordance with the procedures to be wrapped in this invention; she can then essentially (according to stretch form test) stiff to be made, as desired, either by the sheer number from windings or by the way in which they are fastened becomes. The weight percent of the fiber in the circumferential direction of the belt can by changing the number and the orientation of the networks are varied. A possibility to obtain varying weight percent of the fiber in the circumferential direction It is a composite sheet of transverse material and one or more layers unidirectional tape / material (see the following Examples). To give an example, two one-sided sheet with a transverse sheet form an asymmetrical fabric with about 75 weight percent fiber in the circumferential direction.

at another version are one or more uncured thermosetting resin impregnated nets made of high-strength threads in a similar way Way to a flexible sheet for the Wrapping around a mandrel into a ribbon or ribbons in accordance with this invention shaped, which is the hardening (or point hardening) of the resin connects.

The Film may optionally be in the form of one or more layers of tape bands be used, preferably as an outer layer. The foil (s) can / can ever as required with the matrix material or after the matrix material be added as matrix material (lamination). If the slide is added as a matrix material, it is preferably simultaneously with the fiber or the fabric (net) wound on a mandrel and subsequently solidified; The mandrel can optionally be part of the design become. The film thickness is at least about 2.5 μm (0.1 mil) and can be as long as you like, as long as the length is always is still sufficiently flexible to allow banding. The preferred film thickness varies from 2.5 to 1270 μm (0.1 to 50 mils), with the range of 0.9 to 254 μm (0.35 to 10 mils) being the most is preferred. The slides can also on the surfaces the bands for a variety of reasons be used, for. To vary the friction characteristics, to amplify flame retardancy, to enhance of chemical resistance, to increase the resistance to the radiation attenuation and / or preventing diffusion of the material into the matrix. The Slide can depend on from the choice of the film, the resin and the thread stick to the tape or not. warmth and / or pressure can the desired Cause adhesion, or it may be necessary to use an adhesive, the heat-sensitive or pressure-sensitive between the film and the tape is to the desired To cause liability. examples for acceptable adhesives are polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene block copolymer, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethanes, thermoplastic and thermosetting Polysulfides and typical hot glue.

films, used in this invention as matrix materials can, include thermoplastic polyolefin films, thermoplastic elastomer films, cross-linked thermoplastic films, cross-linked elastomer films, Polyester films, polyamide films, fluorocarbon films, urethane films, Polyvinylidene chloride films, polyvinyl chloride films and multilayer films. It can Homopolymers or copolymers of these films are used, and the slides can not oriented, uniaxially oriented or biaxially oriented. The slides can Pigments or plasticizers.

Appropriate thermoplastic Polyolefin films include those of low density polyethylene, high density Polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, polybutylene and Copolymers of ethylene and propylene, which are crystalline. Polyester films which can be used include those of polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.

Of the Pressure can be applied by an interposed material from a plastic film wrap which shrinks when that Band of heat is suspended; acceptable materials for this application are for Example, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

The Temperatures and / or pressures, which the tapes this invention for the purpose of curing of thermosetting Plastic or to effect the adhesion of the networks together and optionally for at least one film structure are exposed, vary depending from the particular system used. For example, the temperature range is sufficient in chain extended polyethylene threads depending on the type of the selected Matrix material of about 20 to about 150 ° C, preferably about 50 up to about 145 ° C and more preferably from about 80 to about 120 ° C. The pressures can be from about 69 kPa (10 psi) to about 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi). A pressure between about 69 kPa (10 psi) and about 3450 kPa (500 psi) may be used in combination with temperatures below about 100 ° C for one Period of less than about 1 min quite simply used for this to cause adjacent threads to stick together. Pressures of about 690 kPa (100 psi) to about 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi) can be used in Combination with temperatures in the range of about 100 ° C to about 155 ° C for one Period of about 1 to about 5 minutes cause the threads to deform and compress (generally in foil-like form). Pressures of about 690 kPa (100 psi) to about 69,000 kPa (10,000 psi) can be used in Combination with temperatures ranging from about 150 ° C to about 155 ° C for a period from 1 to 5 minutes cause the film to be translucent or translucent becomes. For polypropylene threads that would be upper limit of the temperature range about 10 to about 20 ° C higher than in ECPE threads. at aramid, especially Kevlar continuous filaments, The temperature range was approximately from about 149 ° C to 205 ° C (about 300 ° F to 400 ° F).

Of the Pressure can on the tapes be applied to the mandrel in different ways. The shrink wrapping with plastic film is mentioned above. The treatment in autoclave is another possibility for applying pressure, in this case simultaneously with the application of heat. The outside each tape can be wrapped with a shrink-wrap material and then be exposed to temperatures at which the material is wrapped in Shape shrinks and thus pressure is exerted on the tape. The band can be shrink-wrapped circumferentially on the mandrel, whereby the entire band solidifies, or the band can its side surfaces be shrink wrapped, with the material wrapped around the tape Mandrel is arranged perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the belt; in the the latter case can the edges of the band remain unconsolidated as the side surfaces solidify.

Lots the bands, those with fiber layers using elastomeric synthetic resin systems, thermosetting Resin systems or resin systems are formed in which a thermoplastic Resin is combined with an elastomeric or thermosetting resin, just need to be treated with pressure to tape the tape solidify. This is the preferred way to solidify of the band. Many of the tapes, those of endless lengths / layers are formed and used in which thermoplastic resin systems can, can but with heat, alone or in combination with pressure, treated to the tape to solidify.

In the most preferred embodiments, each fibrous layer has an areal density of about 0.1 to about 0.15 kg / ^m2 . The areal density per band ranges from about 1 to about 40 kg / m ² , preferably from about 2 to 20 kg / m ² , more preferably from about 4 to about 10 kg / m ² .

In the embodiment, forms a fiber layer in the composite fabric of SPECTRA SHIELD ^® brand, these areal densities correspond to a number of fibrous layers per band ranging from about 10 to about 400, preferably from about 20 to about 200 and most preferably from about 40 to about 100 move. In the three-band cube construction of the most preferred embodiment of this invention, each side surface of the cube is made up of two bands of explosive material that effectively double the values of the above ranges for each side surface of the cube. When fibers and no high strength extended chain polyethylene such as SPECTRA ^® -Polyethylenfasern be used, the number of layers may need to be increased to reach the working high modulus characteristics which are embodied in the preferred embodiments.

Explosion-weakening material means a material that functionally enhances the resistance of a container to explosions. The preferred flame retardant material for forming container assemblies of this invention are polymeric foams; Particles such as vermiculite; condensable gases, preferably non-flammable nature; heat-dissipating materials; Foam glass; Microballs (balloons); Balls (balloons); Blow; Hollow balls, preferably elastomers such as basketball and tennis balls; Wick fibers and corresponding combinations. These materials are used to make the explosive or that Surround explosive baggage within the explosion-proof container and mitigate the explosion of a shock wave.

Chemical explosions are characterized by a rapid self-propagating decomposition that releases considerable heat and creates a sudden pressure from the heat produced by the generated or adjacent gases. On a weight basis, the heat of vaporization of the water is similar to the heat released by the explosive. Provided that rapid heat transfer can be achieved, the water has the potential to greatly reduce the explosion overpressure. One way to achieve the desired effect is to surround the explosive with heat-dissipating materials. Effective heat-dissipating materials include aqueous foams; aqueous solutions containing antifreeze, e.g. Glycerin, ethylene glycol; hydrated inorganic salts; aqueous gels, preferably reinforced; watery mist; wet sponges, preferably elastic; wet profile fibers; wet tissues; wet felts and corresponding combinations. Aqueous foams are most preferred, especially aqueous foams having a density of about 0.01 to about 0.10 g / cm ^3, more preferably from about 0.03 to 0.08 g / cm ^3.

In general, aqueous foams within the aqueous phase convert the explosion energy into heat energy via a number of mechanisms. After an explosion, gas escapes in most containers, and when the pressure drops below a critical level, the collapsed foam expands again causing additional slow release of the gases. The presence of these foams reduces the rate at which the energy is transferred from the container to the environment, thereby reducing the risk. Aqueous foams for use in this invention are preferably made with gases (blowing agents) that do not promote combustion and are condensable. Condensable means that gas passes from its gaseous to liquid phase under pressure and at the same time develops condensation heat which heats the aqueous solution with which the gas is in close contact. The gas chosen for a particular application depends on the ambient temperature and the pressure that the container (in which the gas is contained) can withstand. Among the preferred gases are the hydrocarbons such as propane, butane (both isomers) and pentane (all isomers); carbon dioxide; inorganic gases such as ammonia, sulfur dioxide; Fluorohydrocarbons, especially hydrochloride fluorohydrocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, such as. As the refrigerant of the GENETRON ^® series, which must be made by the company. AlliedSignal Inc., according to a product brochure that company for GENETRON ^® -products of January, 1995, and corresponding combinations. A preferred gas is isobutane, which may be condensed under moderate pressure, such as at about 30 psi, at room temperature. Mixtures of condensable and non-condensable gases may be used. For example, for use at room temperature, a mixture of isobutane and tetrafluoromethane may be used. Due to the explosion overpressure, the isobutane would condense, but the tetrafluoromethane would remain gaseous. The preferred gases have a low sound velocity.

to rapid distribution of the aqueous Foams may be desirable be to use a gas in the pressurized container in Combination with a condensed gas not condensed. carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, nitrous oxide or carbon tetrafluoride could be used as serve such gas. Gases used to generate a driving Evaporate effect, cool the container while the discharge and the exit velocity decreases.

The with regard to the selection of a foaming agent for a aqueous Foam employed considerations can also in the selection of condensable gases for use as explosion-reducing Material in foldable containers (in the absence of aqueous Foam) are employed. Such gases may conveniently be within containers to be trapped in bubbles.

• (A) „Flächendichte" ist das Gewicht der Konstruktion pro Einheitsfläche der Konstruktion in kg/m². Die Plattenflächendichte wird bestimmt durch Dividieren des Gewichts der Platte durch die Fläche der Platte. Bei einem Band mit einer vielseitigen Querschnittsfläche ist die Flächendichte jeder Seitenfläche gegeben durch das Gewicht der Seitenfläche dividiert durch den Flächeninhalt der Seitenfläche. In den meisten Fällen ist die Flächendichte von allen Seitenflächen dieselbe, und eine kann sich auf die Flächendichte der Konstruktion beziehen. In einigen Fällen ist jedoch die Flächendichte der verschiedenen Seitenflächen unterschiedlich. Bei einem Band mit einer kreisförmigen Querschnittsfläche wird die Flächendichte bestimmt, indem das Gewicht des Bandes durch die Außenfläche des Bandes dividiert wird. Bei einem würfelförmigen Behälter stellt die Flächendichte die Flächendichte jeder der sechs Platten dar, die die Seitenflächen des Behälters bilden, und beinhaltet nicht die Flächendichte etwaiger Scharniere oder Stifte.
• (B) Die „Faserflächendichte eines Verbundstoffs" entspricht dem Gewicht der Faserverstärkung pro Einheitsfläche des Verbundstoffs.
• (C) „C₅₀" ist das Maß des Explosionswiderstandes, gemessen als Menge der Ladung (in Unzen), die den Behälter/das Rohr bezogen auf 50% der Zeitspanne zerreißt (dabei gilt: C₀ bedeutet kein Fehler/kein Zerreißen und C₁₀₀ Fehler bezogen auf 100% der Zeitspanne). Wenn der Fehler auf einer Ebene erfolgt und nicht auf der nächst niederen Ebene, wird der Wert C₅₀ durch Mittelwertbestimmung der zwei Ebenen berechnet.

The following examples are intended to better understand the invention and are not intended as limitations thereof. The following terms are used in the examples:

• (A) "Areal density" is the weight of the construction per unit area of the construction in kg / m ^2. The panel density is determined by dividing the weight of the panel by the area of the panel In most cases, the area density of all side surfaces is the same, and one may relate to the areal density of the construction, but in some cases the areal density of the different side surfaces is different With a circular cross-sectional area, the areal density is determined by dividing the weight of the strip by the outer surface of the strip Container, the surface density represents the areal density of each of the six plates forming the side surfaces of the container and does not include the areal density of any hinges or pins.
• (B) The "fiber area density of a composite" corresponds to the weight of the fiber reinforcement per unit area of the composite.
• (C) "C ₅₀ " is the measure of explosion resistance, measured as the amount of charge (in ounces) that ruptures the container / tube in 50% of the time span (where: C ₀ means no fault / no break and C ₁₀₀ errors related to 100% of the time span) If the error occurs on one level and not on the next lower level, the value C ₅₀ is calculated by averaging the two levels.

Provided Unless stated otherwise, that in Examples 1-9 and 18 used explosive TRENCHRITE 5, a product of the company Explosives Technologies International, and a class A explosive with a detonation wave velocity of 5900 m / s (6700 feet / s). Provided Unless stated otherwise, that used in Examples 10-17 Explosive C4 consisting of 90% RDX (cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitroamine) and 10% of a plasticizer (polyisobutylene), a product from Hitech Inc., and a class A explosive with a Detonation wave velocity of 8200 m / s (26,900 feet / s). And for the container and tubes that have high-speed video results, it was the camera used for recording the Explosion around the model Sylvania VCC159 AV01, VHS system. The camera was remotely operated and positioned so that the observed container or the tube was about 30% in the camera's view.

The specific techniques, conditions, materials, relationships and published Figures illustrate that the principles of the invention are exemplary wear and should not be construed to the extent of protection limit.

EXAMPLE 1 (COMPARATIVE)

Three cube-shaped containers have been made for testing purposes, with two containers of the SPECTRA SHIELD ^® brand for their side surfaces and one container KEVLAR ^® composite panels for its side surfaces.

The existing from SPECTRA SHIELD composite container was produced (lateral dimension 78.7 cm [31 inches]) that six flat SPECTRA SHIELD ^® -Verbundplatten formed the side faces, each 174 cm ² (27 inches) in the area which by means of two Sets of hinges and two pins per edge were joined together (a total of 24 pins and hinges). The plates with a total surface density of 54.6 Pa (1.14 lb./ft ² ) were constructed as follows.

The fabric forms were partially wrapped around the perimeter bars of an aluminum frame. The wrapping (bending) took place along the dashed line with a total length of 69 cm (27.25 inches). Each of the four boundary rods was wrapped in three fabric layers (shapes). These fabric forms were made of SPECTRA 1000 fabric, finish 904 (plain weave, 34 x 34 warp lengths per inch (2.54 cm), SPECTRA 1000 yarn, 650 denier, weight 204 g / m ² (6 oz./yd ² )) , The fabrics were impregnated with a sufficient amount of Dow XU71943.00L experimental vinyl ester resin (diallyl phthalate - 6 weight percent, methyl ethyl ketone - 31 weight percent and vinyl ester resin - 63 weight percent) to provide an impregnated fabric of 80 weight percent SPECTRA 1000 and 20 weight percent resin. In all cases, the resin contained 1 weight percent Lupersol 256, a product of Lucidol Division, Ato Chem Corporation [2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (2-ethylhexanoylperoxy) hexane].

Of the Aluminum frame was also used to wrap the square Composite panels used. Two rolls of unidirectional pre-impregnated Bandes became alternative on the adjacent sides of the frame Wrap around the frame positioned to the prepreg Strip in the form 0 ° / 90 ° / 0 ° / 90 ° / etc. to arrange. The process was repeated until the desired area density was achieved. each pre-impregnated Volume contained 7.6 warp lengths per linear inch of SPECTRA 1000 yarn, 1500 denier, soaked in experimental Vinyl Ester Resin Dow Resin XU71943.00L as described above. The Methyl ethyl ketone volatilized itself before the composite cures. The preimpregnated Band consisted of 76% by weight of the fiber SPECTRA 1000 and to 24% by weight of resin.

After completion of the wrapping, the diagonal bar of the aluminum frame was removed, and the middle 61 x 61 cm (27 x 27 inch) area was molded at 120 ° C for 30 minutes with a force of 150 tons. The aluminum confining bars 126 were then removed leaving the limiting loops. Thieves Limiting loops were then trimmed at 3 in. (7.62 cm) intervals.

Of the cube-shaped container became assembled with 1 "thick cold rolled steel pins. The one half The boundary loops have been folded so that they are on the outside of the container lay, and the other half The boundary loops have been folded so that they are on the inside of the container lay. There were 9 loops per edge, alternating inside and outside. The pins were used both in the inner and in the outer loops stuck, two per edge.

The box made from KEVLAR composite was constructed in a similar manner, except that KEVLAR 29 fabric (type 423-2 x 2 basket weave, yarn 1500 denier, 476 g / m ² was used (14 oz./yd ^2), and only one layer of fabric was wrapped around each perimeter bar The total areal density of the panels was the same as for the SPECTRA SHIELD panels, ie 54.6 Pa (1.14 lb./ft ² ).

The first two containers made of SPECTRA SHIELD composite panels were charged with explosive charges of 0.23 and 0.45 kg (8 and 16 ounces) tested, which were each mounted in the geometric center. It turned out that the container with the detonation Explosive amount of 0.23 kg (8 ounces) supernatant; on the edges and Corners of the container However, there was a strong degassing. The 0.46 kg charge (16 ounces) tore the container apart and the steel hinge pins became too dangerous Projectiles.

Of the third containers made from KEVLAR composite panels with an explosive charge of 0.23 kg (8 ounces) which is attached to the geometric center was. The explosion caused a massive tearing of the container and the steel hinge pins became too dangerous Projectiles.

EXAMPLE 2

A SPECTRA SHIELD ^® brand composite roll, available from AlliedSignal Inc., was cut into four 38.1 cm (15 inch) wide strips, each about 838 cm (330 inches) long. The SPECTRA SHIELD ^® PCR composite contained 80 weight percent chain extended SPECTRA ^® 1000 polyethylene fibers (nominal strength about 35 g / d, tensile modulus of about 1150 g / d and elongation at break about 3.4%, also available from the Fa. AlliedSignal Inc.) in a resin matrix (20 weight percent) of polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene block copolymer, available from the Fa. Shell Co. under the trade name KRATON ^® D1107. The SPECTRA fibers were placed in the composite in the 0 ° / 90 ° configuration. Each strip was wound in successive layers around a square cross-section mandrel having a side length of 38.1 cm (15 inches) to form a 22-wrap band of SPECTRA SHIELD. The winding operation for each successive strip began where the preceding strip ended, maintaining an identical fiber configuration at sufficient tension (about 0.18 kg / cm [1 lb. per linear inch]) to form cavities in successive turns as minimal as possible. During wrapping, an adhesive solution consisting of 5 grams of KRATON D1107 per 95 grams of toluene was applied to the outside of the strips to apply adhesive between successive windings. To consolidate the successive windings, a conventional rolling pin was used to minimize the voids in the successive windings during tape formation.

After completion of the first volume four 38.1 cm x 50.8 cm (15 inches x 20 inches) were large aluminum plates, each 0.32 cm (0.125 inch) thick and wrapped with TEFLON ^® -coated glass fiber fabric, on the outer side of the belt attached, one plate per side surface of the belt, the 38.1 cm (15 inch) side surface corresponding to the side length of 38.1 cm (15 inches) of the mandrel. Masking tape was wrapped around the four aluminum plates to hold them, leaving a middle surface uncovered for wrapping the second tape. A second tape was formed by wrapping composite strips of SPECTRA SHIELD PCR in the manner used for the first tape. A second set of four aluminum plates was attached to the side surfaces of the second belt, after which a third belt was applied in the same manner as the first and second belts. The three bands were removed from the mandrel and the toluene evaporated from the bands. For each band, 50 weight percent fibers were endless and oriented in the circumferential direction of the band.

The three bands were nested in each other, as in 1F to form a container 1 for evaluation with respect to an explosive charge. Each side surface of the container corresponded to 44 wraps with the material SPECTRA SHIELD PCR, configuration 0 ° / 90 °, since there are side surfaces of two bands covering each side surface of the container, and each tape side surface comprises 22 wraps. The areal density of container 1 was 0.13 x 44 = 5.72 kg / m ² (1.17 lb./ft ² ). Container 1 weighed 5.8 kg (12.6 kg) lb.).

Container 2 was in the same way as containers 1 with the following changes constructed. The first two strips made of composite material SPECTRA SHIELD, the for The construction of the first volume used was 61 cm (24 inches) wide. After removing the tape and evaporating of the toluene, the first band was spaced 11.4 cm (4.5 inches) apart. incised from each side at each corner to eight tabs (four on each side of the 38.1 cm [15 inch] wide tape, two per side surface) 11.4 cm (4.5 inches) wide to create. The tabs were through Folding the cut portion of the strip along the bandwidth line educated. The plane of each tab was perpendicular to the plane of the page the tape to which it was attached. These tabs were through held the second and the third volume. The weight of the container 2 was 6.08 kg (13.4 lb.). The surface density of the side surfaces was identical to that of container 1, and the weight gain was due to the tabs.

The container 3 and 4 were prepared and were in the same way as container 2 essentially identical in weight and areal density.

Container 1 was tested with a 0.46 kg (16 oz.) explosive charge, the attached to the geometric center. At the detonation were the edges of all three bands Completely or almost completely destroyed and yielded a number of 38.1 cm (15 inches) square Parts that were still intact and had little damage.

Container 2 was with a 0.23 kg (8 ounce) charge in the same way as container 1 tested. The high-speed video recording showed that the charge first contained and then it became a band deformation and tear 3 on two opposite Edges came (the torn volume 3 consisted of two identical halves). There was a comprehensive gas discharge. Bands 1 and 2 essentially remained intact.

Container 3 was with a 57 g (2 ounce) charge in the same manner as container 1 tested. The High speed video recording showed low gas leakage while the detonation and a bulge on the sides. The container remained however intact. All three bands were undamaged.

Container 4 was tested with a 113 g (4 ounce) charge. The high-speed video recording showed a stronger one Gas discharge and deformation of band 1 compared to container 3. All three bands remained intact and showed no significant damage on.

EXAMPLE 3

A container was constructed in the same manner as container 2 of Example 2 above, but with the following changes. The mandrel was changed so that the edges were round and had a radius of 1.6 cm (5/8 inches). The areal density of the ribbons was half that of Tray 2. The tab width on Ribbon 1, the inner band, was increased to 15.24 cm (6 inches). The belt was strengthened to control the deformation and gas escape rate of the explosion. This reinforcement consisted of a first wrapping of the mandrel in two complete wraps of 38.1 cm (15 inch) wide strips, glass fabric S-2 (design 6781, areal density 0.309 kg / m ² , manufactured by Clark Schwebel). This glass cloth was impregnated with EPON 828 epoxy resin, available from Shell Co., to obtain 8 pph millamin, a cycloaliphatic diamine, from Milliken Chemical Co., used as a room temperature curing agent. The glass-to-resin ratio was 48/52 by weight. The SPECTRA SHIELD composite strips for tape 1 were then wound on top of the glass fabric, which then became an integral part of tape 1.

To obtain additional reinforcement, a glass / epoxy composite panel was applied to each of the four inner surfaces of the glass cloth tape (tape 1), which can be obtained from 3M Corporation as Scotch Ply Type 1002. Each plate measured approximately 13.5 by 14.5 inches, weighed 340 grams, and was 56 inches thick. The panels were mounted with a total of 200 grams of PROSEAL 890-B1 / 2 polysulfide adhesive manufactured by Courtaulds Aerospace Company. The inside surfaces of the 8 tabs were also reinforced by attaching a 9.5 x 34.9 cm (3.57 x 13.75 inch) portion of a glass epoxy panel to each tab, using Scotch 410 linear double coated paper tape Flat Stock, which is available from the company 3 M Corporation. The total weight of these eight plate parts was 707 g. The assembled container weighed 6.17 kg (13.6 lb.) and consisted of 3.04 kg (6.7 lb.) SPECTRA SHIELD composite and 3.13 kg (6.9 lb.) fiberglass composite material and adhesive.

This container was charged with a 6 ounce charge of TRENCHRITE 5 in the same Way tested like the containers in example 2. The container insulated the charge, there was a minimal deformation, no fast Gas discharge and the construction showed essentially no visible permanent damage.

EXAMPLE 4

A container such as container 2 in Example 2 was constructed with the following changes. For belt 1, the first half of the composite strip length was 53 cm (21 inches) wide while the second half was 38.1 cm (15 inches) wide. Thus, eight tabs could be formed, four per tape side, each 7.62 x 38.1 cm (3 x 15 inches) wide and having an areal density of 4.75 kg / m ² . Volume 1 consisted of 70 wraps of the composite material SPECTRA SHIELD and had a surface density of 9.5 kg / m ² . Around band 1 was placed a 0.3 cm (0.125 inch) wide aluminum plate. Tape 2 was formed by wrapping strips wrapped around the spacer 43 inches (17 inches) wide around the spacer. A second 0.3 cm (0.125 inch) wide spacer was placed around belt 2 and belt 3 was formed by wrapping strips that were 45.7 cm (18 inches) wide. The three bands were removed from the mandrel and spacers. For each band, about 50 weight percent of the fiber was endless and circumferentially oriented.

Four square 35.6 cm (14 inch) fiberglass panels, available from 3M Corporation under the designation Scotch Ply Type 1002, having an areal density of 2.7 kg / m ² , were adhered to the inside surfaces of band 1 , wherein a total of about 128 g (32 g / side surface) of PROSEAL 890-B1 / 2 polysulfide adhesive manufactured by Courtaulds Aerospace Company was used.

The three bands were put together, wherein Volume 1 was nested in Volume 2, which in Volume 3 was nested, each with two band side surfaces per Page. The tabs of band 1 were held by bands 2 and 3. Of the ready assembled containers had one side about 45.7 cm (18 inches) and weighed 24.06 kg (53 lb.).

A Fragmented grenade type M67 has been modified so that it electronically could detonate. The M67 grenade weighed 0.4 kg (14 ounces) and contained a 184 g (6.5 ounce) heavy explosives mixture B. For detailed information about These standard grenades we refer to the Guide Book for Marines, 15th revised Edition, Quantico, Virginia, p. 352, 01.09.86. The grenade was arranged in the geometric center of the container and detonated brought. The container retained its shape and the integrity of the individual bands. The container was taken apart and examined. The number of perforations in the four inner fiberglass plates of Volume 1 pointed out that the exploding grenade has more than 1200 steel projectiles had formed. Examination of the outer surfaces of the container revealed that 21 penetrations had occurred.

The Results of this test illustrated that the basic concept the explosion containment sound was and can protect against a combination of projectiles and detonation.

EXAMPLE 5

at This example was for Test purposes two identical containers A and B built as follows.

A 68.6 cm (27 inch) wide sheet of SPECTRA SHIELD ^® PCR composite material, areal density 0.135 kg / m ^2, was wrapped Length in 18 successive layers around a mandrel having a square cross-sectional area 38.1 cm (15 inches). With a paint roller, a wrapping solution (5 weight percent KRATON D1107) was applied to the outside of the fabric as the wrapping continued, to place the adhesive between successive layers. A second 43 cm (17 inch) wide sheet of SPECTRA SHIELD PCR composite was placed in the center of the wrapped first sheet and wound in the same manner 18 times in succession. The resulting tape was allowed to dry overnight at an ambient temperature of 21 ° C (about 70 ° F) on the mandrel and was then removed. The 68.6 cm (27 inch) wide portion of the tape was cut at the corners a sufficient distance to form a 43 cm (17 inch) wide tape and eight 12.7 cm (5 inch) wide tabs (four on each side of the tape) 43 cm (17 inches) wide tape, two per side surface). The tabs were formed by folding the cut portions of the sheet along the bandwidth line. The plane of each tab was perpendicular to the plane of the side surface of the tape to which it was attached.

To the inside of the four sides / faces of this tape were four 38.1 cm x 35.6 cm (15 in. X 14 in.) Large pieces by means of a polysulfide adhesive (PROSEAL 890 B-1/2, a product of Courtaulds Aerospace) glued rectangular fiberglass panels, one per side surface. Similarly, eight 8.9 cm x 38.1 cm (3.5 "x 15") rectangular glass fiber plates were glued to the inside of the tabs, one per tab. The glass fiber reinforced epoxy sheets (Scotsply Reinforced Composites, Type 1002, Crossply 0.060, a commercial product of 3M Corporation) used had an areal density of 2.69 kg / m ² . The tape was foldable.

A second 43 cm (17 inch) wide tape was similarly wrapped 35 times around a slightly larger mandrel. A third band, also 17 inches wide, was similarly wrapped 35 times around another mandrel slightly larger than the mandrel used for the second band. None of these tapes had tabs or fiberglass plates. Both bands were foldable. The three bands, including the fiberglass panels weighed 12.5 kg (27.5 lb.) in total. The tapes alone had a surface density of 4.73 kg / m ² . About 50% by weight of fibers were continuous fibers in the circumferential or ribbon direction.

The explosion resistance test was carried out as follows. The first volume of container A was placed with its side on a table, ie with the open sides up and down. Over the lower open side of the band was completely pulled a thin low density plastic bag made of polyethylene. At the geometric center, 0.23 kg (eight ounces) of explosive C4 was attached. The remaining inner cavity was filled with the Markenrasiercreme Barbasol ^® (density of foam about 0.053 g / cm ^3, blowing agent isobutane), available from the Fa. Pfizer Inc. The slightly larger second band was then slid over the first band, where two the opposite side surfaces covered the originally open side surfaces of the first band. The slightly larger third band was then pushed over the structure. As the charge exploded, there was a small deformation of the container and within a few seconds the gas discharge from the container. The container was emptied, dried, and re-tested with 0.34 kg (12 ounces) of C4 explosive, filling the cavity (as before) with shaving cream. The cargo tore apart the container.

Container B was in a similar way Were tested with 10 ounces of explosive C4, leaving the cavity with shaving cream filled was. There was a minor deformation and within some Seconds to gas discharge. This container was emptied, dried and tested again with 170 g (6 ounces) of explosive C4 without the cavity was filled with shaving cream. In the explosion explosive C4 escaped from the edges of the container fire. The container remained intact, but caught fire and was subsequently destroyed by the fire.

The value C ₅₀ for this container construction (including the aqueous foam) was 312 g (11 ounces).

EXAMPLE 6

From three ribbons of SPECTRA 1000, 215 denier, 55x55 warp per inch (2.54 cm), plain weave, areal density 0.112 kg / m ² (3.30 oz./yd ² ), a cube-shaped container of 38.1 cm (15 inches) inside length built. In the inner band was to ensure the structural support an aluminum picture frame incorporated into each side surface and the tabs; these were cut out of 0.16 cm (1/16 inch) thick aluminum plates with an areal density of 4.16 kg / m ² . The bands were easy to fold and the outer bands could also be rolled into a cylinder.

On the inner band, the first four layers were cut particularly wide so that tabs could be formed. 68.6 cm (27 inches) wide fabric was wrapped twice around a mandrel. To each of the four sides of the tape, with double tape, was a square aluminum picture frame, 37.5 cm (14.75 inches) on the outside by 29.8 cm (11.75 inches) on the inside (making a 38-cm [1 5 inch] frame). These frames should serve as support for the four side surfaces of the container. To give the tabs a certain rigidity, solid pieces of aluminum mesh were placed on the right and left of each frame at a distance of about 1.27 cm (1/2 inch) from the frame. These eight parts were 37.5 x 7.62 cm (14.75 x 3.0 inches) in size. On each side of the band was placed a set of four parts. For each set, two plates were modified on the opposite sides of the mandrel by cutting them into trapezoidal parts at a 45 ° angle with the short side away from the picture frames. This made it possible to fold the tabs 90 ° inwards (after being removed from the mandrel) to form the side panels of a cube without having to cut the fabric along the edges between the tabs. Please refer 9A - 9E and the above-mentioned related discussion. To complete the inner band were two Zusatzumwicklungen with a 68.6 cm (27 inches) wide fabric made around the picture frame. Centered on the 68.6 cm (27 inch) wide piece, a 38.1 cm (15 inch) wide fabric was wound 21 times to a total of 25 layers on the mandrel. The entire fabric was temporarily glued together as needed with double tape, removed from the mandrel and by hand with a sewing thread (made of the yarn SPECTRA 1000, three warp lengths, 215 denier, from Advanced Fibers Technologies, hereinafter referred to as "sewing thread", if none other name is used) to hold the fabric layers and the aluminum plates ( 9A ). Along the outer edges of the tabs, VELCRO (1 × 6 inch) brand fitting hook loop fastener strips were sewn so that the tabs on each set of four on the two sides of the center panels could be folded inward by 90 ° when folded in. ( 9B . 9C . 9D ). When this was done, a freestanding cube-shaped construction had been created ( 9E ). After loosening the VELCRO fasteners, the inner band folded slightly flat.

The medium volume was made by hand by a 38.1 cm (15 inches) wide fabric strip around the inner band structure in the shape of the top described cube was wound. Twenty-five wraps of fabric were made. The winding direction was over two closed sides of the inner band and over the two open sides (where the tabs are). The tape was again glued together temporarily and then by hand along one side and once over the Sewn wide. The middle band could easily be rolled in the direction after which it had been wrapped.

The outer band consisted of 25 wraps of fabric like the middle band, but the fabric strip was 40.6 cm (16 inches) wide to completely close the lower bands cover. It was made by wrapping the fabric over the assembled inner and middle band made. The winding direction was over two closed and two open sides of the inner band, but vertical to the middle band.

The Gluing and sewing took place as in the middle band. The outer band could get in easily the direction to be rolled up after which it has been wound was.

Of the had assembled cube-shaped containers a fiber area density, which corresponded to the double of the individual bands, excluding the areal density through the tabs. The final weight of the bands was: inner band 3.75 kg, middle band 1.77 kg and outer band 1.87 kg; thus, the total weight was 7.39 kg. The in the frame and the flaps of the inner band incorporated aluminum panel accounted for about 1.33 kg of this total. About 50% by weight the fibers were continuous fibers in the circumferential or ribbon direction.

The inner band was filled with aqueous foam (BARBASOL brand shaving cream) as in Example 5 after 113.5 g (4 ounces) of C4 explosive had been applied to the geometric center of the band. Bands two and three were mounted over the inner band as in Example 10, and at a distance of 76 cm and 152 cm (2.5 and 5 feet) from the center of the container assembly and parallel to the two side surfaces were Anderson type gauges Blastguage attached to measure the overpressure. {The Anderson Blastguage instruments consist of two flat aluminum plates with ten round holes of different diameters and four screws and wing nuts. Standard xerox copy paper (# 20 lb.) is placed between the plates and secured with screws and wing nuts around a series of paper membranes 10 to get different diameter. The overpressure is estimated from the damage to the paper in the different membranes.}

at the detonation buckled the cube out and out of the corners of the cube some foam escaped, accompanied by a hissing sound, which followed about the detonation 1 s stopped. In the Anderson gauge, none of the holes had one damage on, which indicated that the overpressure 76 cm and 152 cm (2.5 Foot and 5 feet) from the container was less than 6 kPa (0.9 psi). In contrast, was the overpressure for the uninhibited Load at 152 cm (5 feet) greater than 44.8 kPa (6.5 psi), at 2.29 m (7.5 feet) between 22 kPa (3.2 psi) and 38.6 kPa (5.6 psi) and at 3 m (10 feet) between 13.8 kPa (2.0 psi) and 25.5 kPa (3.7 psi). The foam has the tissue surfaces of the inner band not penetrated.

Of the container was emptied, dried and again with 170 g (6 ounces) of explosive C4 tested, with the cavity was filled again with shaving cream. The container construction has contained the explosion. The container was emptied again, dried and again with 284 g of explosive (10 oz.) C4 tested, leaving the cavity again with shaving cream filled was. During detonation the container was torn.

The value C ₅₀ for this container construction (including aqueous foam) was 227 g (8 ounces) it should be noted that the charge gradations are usually lower than in this example).

EXAMPLES 7-11

In Examples 7 to 11, comparative studies were conducted on containers and container assemblies using different construction materials for the containers, but with the identical three-band construction, with and without explosion-attenuating material (an aqueous foam). In all of these examples, the areal density of each of the three belts was 2.8 kg / m ² , the total container weight was 7.4 kg (16.3 lb.) and the internal cavity (volume) was a 38.1 cm (15 inch) cube. a side.

The Tests were performed in the H.P. White Laboratories. In the cases where watery Foam was used, tape 1 was placed on a table, taking the tabs were folded to achieve the bending strength and the designated charge being attached to the fuse (the fuse also served as a support the charge in the geometric center of the container). An open page of Volume 1 was in contact with the table and a low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic bag was placed in band 1 to close the bottom opening. The Brand shaving cream BARBASOL was as in Example 5 in the cavity given. The bands 2 and 3 were arranged as in the previous examples. The cube-shaped container became placed on sawbobs and the charge detonated. It became a video recording made and in some cases was, as in Example 6, the pressure measured in 76 cm and 152 cm (2.5 and 5.0 feet) distance from the container. In cases, where the watery Foam was not used, the test setup was without LDPE bag and shaving cream.

The tests were carried out with each series of identical containers with varying loading weights with the aim of setting a C ₅₀ value. A summary of the explosion data and the C ₅₀ values can be found in Tab. 1 and 2, respectively.

EXAMPLE 7

• a. Durch Umwickeln einer 68,6 cm (27 Zoll) breiten Gewebeschicht um eine 76,2 cm (30 Zoll) lange Platte wurde für Band 1 ein Innengerüst gefertigt. Nach zwei Umwicklungen wurden wie in Beispiel 6 Aluminiumbilderrahmen und Laschen mit doppeltem Klebeband befestigt. Es wurden zwei zusätzliche Umwicklungen gemacht und die Laschen und Bilderrahmen wie in Beispiel 6 vernäht. Entlang der Außenkanten der Laschen wurden dazupassende Haken-Schleifen-Befestigungselemente der Marke VELCRO angebracht. Nachdem die Laschen gefaltet und die Befestigungselemente miteinander in Eingriff waren, war aus dem Innengerüst ein frei stehender Würfel entstanden. (Zur Verbesserung der Steifheit beim Zusammenbau wurde zum Wickeln der Bänder in den kubischen Hohlraum ein kubischer Dorn eingelegt.) Die Aluminiumbilderrahmen wiesen außen eine Seitenlänge von 35,6 cm (14 Zoll) und innen eine Seitenlänge von 28 cm (11 Zoll) auf. Zwei der Laschen waren rechteckig mit Seitenlängen von 35,6 cm × 7,62 cm (14 × 3 Zoll). Bei den anderen zwei Laschen waren die Rechtecke im Winkel von 45° eingeschnitten, um ein Trapezoid zu bilden, dessen längste Seitenlänge 35,6 cm (14 Zoll) war. Das Gewicht der Bilderrahmen und Laschen betrug 1,65 kg (3,63 lb.). Das 38,1 cm (15 Zoll) breite Gewebe wurde um das Innengerüst gewickelt, um an den Seitenflächen (ausschließlich des Gewichts des Aluminiums) eine Flächendichte von 2,8 kg/m² zu erzielen. Dieses Gewebe wurde von einer Seit zur anderen mit Nähfaden genäht, um Band 1 zu bilden.
• b. Band 2 wurde wie in Beispiel 6 unter Verwendung eines 15 Zoll breiten Gewebestreifens um Band 1 gewickelt. Dieses Band wurde wie in Beispiel 6 von einer Seite zur anderen mit Nähfaden genäht, um ein zusammenhängendes Band zu schaffen.
• c. Band 3 wurde wie in Beispiel 6 um die Bänder 1 und 2 gewickelt und in ähnlicher Weise an Band 2 genäht.

The fabric used in this example was fine fabric, SPECTRA 1000, 215 denier, 55 x 55 warp lengths per 2.54 cm (1 inch), plain weave, areal density 0.112 kg / m ² (3.30 oz./yd ² ). A series of identical small denier fine tissue containers were prepared as follows.

• a. By wrapping a 68.6 cm (27 inch) wide fabric layer around a 76.2 cm (30 inch) long plate, an inner framework was made for Volume 1. After two wraps, aluminum photo frames and double-tape tabs were attached as in Example 6. Two additional wraps were made and the tabs and picture frames sewn as in Example 6. Matching VELCRO brand hook-loop fasteners were placed along the outside edges of the tabs. After the tabs were folded and the fasteners engaged, a free-standing cube had been created from the inner frame. (To improve rigidity in assembly, a cubic mandrel was inserted to wrap the tapes in the cubic cavity.) The aluminum picture frames had a side length of 35.6 cm (14 inches) on the outside and a side length of 28 cm (11 inches) on the inside. Two of the tabs were rectangular with side lengths of 35.6 cm x 7.62 cm (14 x 3 inches). For the other two tabs, the rectangles were cut at an angle of 45 ° to form a trapezoid whose longest side length was 35.6 cm (14 inches). The weight of the picture frames and tabs was 1.65 kg (3.63 lb.). The 38.1 cm (15-inch) wide fabric was wrapped around the inner framework to achieve a surface density of 2.8 kg / m ² on the side surfaces (excluding the weight of the aluminum). This fabric was sewn from one side to the other with sewing thread to form band 1.
• b. Tape 2 was wrapped around tape 1 as in Example 6 using a 15 inch wide fabric strip. This tape was sewn from side to side with sewing thread as in Example 6 to create a coherent tape.
• c. Tape 3 was wrapped around tapes 1 and 2 as in Example 6 and sewn to tape 2 in a similar manner.

The test results and C ₅₀ values are presented in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

EXAMPLE 8

Example 7 was repeated with the following changes. The material used to form the tapes was coarse fabric, SPECTRA 900, 1200 denier, 21 x 21 warp lengths per 2.54 cm (1 inch), areal density 0.228 kg / m ² , plain weave. In this example, to create the inner framework, the 68.6 cm (27 inch) wide strip was wrapped only once before the picture frame and tabs were attached. Another one-time wrapping of the 68.6 cm (27-inch) wide fabric took place and then the picture frames and tabs sewn in between the two layers. The test results and the C ₅₀ values are shown in Tab. 1 and 2, respectively.

EXAMPLE 9

• a. Wie bei Beispiel 7 oben wurde aus feinem Gewebe mit niedriger Denier-Zahl, Bilderrahmen und Laschen ein Innengerüst gebaut.
• b. Band 1 wurde gefertigt durch Umwickeln eines 15 Zoll breiten SPECTRA SHIELD-Verbundstreifens um eine 76,2 cm (30 Zoll) lange Aluminiumplatte mit einer Dicke von 0,32 cm (0,125 Zoll). Die Aluminiumplatten, 35,6 × 45,7 cm (14 × 18 Zoll) wurden verwendet, um ein Band zu schaffen, wobei das Maß von 45,7 cm (18 Zoll) dieser Platten der Breite des Verbundstreifens von 38,1 cm (15 Zoll) entsprach und diesen überragte. Diese Platten wurden auf den Streifen gelegt, so dass an jedem Ende der Länge Zwischenräume von 1,27 cm (0,5 Zoll) und in der Mitte der Länge ein 1-Zoll-Zwischenraum verblieb. Die Platten wurden auf jeder Seite der Verbundstreifen-Wicklung gegenüberliegend zum Formen aufgelegt.
• c. Das Band wurde in einer Hydraulikpresse mit einer Kraft von 10 tons bei einer Temperatur von etwa 125°C etwa 30 min lang geformt, um vier verfestigte Flächen von 38,1 cm Breite und 35,6 cm Länge (15 Zoll breit × 14 Zoll lang) (in Umfangs- oder Bandrichtung) zu schaffen, die durch vier nicht verfestigte Kanten (38,1 cm breit × 2,54 cm lang; 15 Zoll breit × 1 Zoll lang) getrennt wurden. Die vier nicht verfestigten Kanten entsprachen den Zwischenräumen zwischen den vier Platten.
• d. Band 1 wurde von der Aluminiumplatte entfernt und in die würfelförmige Form gesteckt. Das Innengerüst wurde koaxial in Band 1 eingesetzt.
• e. Band 2 wurde um eine 78 cm (30,75 Zoll) lange Platte gewickelt und in identischer Weise wie Band 1 geformt, mit der Ausnahme, dass die Zwischenräume entsprechend größer waren.
• f. Band 3 wurde um eine 79,4 cm (31,25 Zoll) lange Platte gewickelt und in identischer Weise wie Band 1 geformt, mit der Ausnahme, dass die Zwischenräume entsprechend größer waren.

Example 7 was repeated with the following changes. The material used to form the tapes was SPECTRA SHIELD composite material described in Example 2 above, with a surface density of 0.134 kg / m ² . About 50% by weight of the fibers were continuous fibers in the circumferential or ribbon direction. The containers were designed as follows:

• a. As in Example 7 above, an interior scaffold was constructed from fine low denier fabric, picture frames and tabs.
• b. Tape 1 was made by wrapping a 15 inch wide SPECTRA SHIELD composite strip around a 76.2 cm (30 inch) aluminum plate 0.32 cm (0.125 inch) thick. The 35.6 × 45.7 cm (14 × 18 inch) aluminum plates were used to make a tape, the 45.7 cm (18 inch) dimension of these plates being 38.1 cm (33.1 cm) 15 inches) and towered above it. These plates were placed on the strip leaving 1 inch (1.27 cm) gaps at each end of the length and a 1 inch gap midway along the length. The panels were placed on each side of the composite strip wrap opposite the mold.
• c. The belt was molded in a hydraulic press with a force of 10 tons at a temperature of about 125 ° C for about 30 minutes to form four solidified surfaces 38.1 cm wide and 35.6 cm long (15 inches wide x 14 inches long ) (in the circumferential or ribbon direction) separated by four non-solidified edges (38.1 cm wide x 2.54 cm long, 15 inches wide x 1 inch long). The four non-solidified edges corresponded to the spaces between the four plates.
• d. Tape 1 was removed from the aluminum plate and plugged into the cube-shaped mold. The inner framework was inserted coaxially in Volume 1.
• e. Tape 2 was wrapped around a 78 cm (30.75 inch) long plate and shaped in an identical manner to Tape 1, except that the gaps were correspondingly larger.
• f. Tape 3 was wrapped around a 79.4 cm (31.25 inch) long plate and molded in an identical manner to Tape 1, except that the interstices were correspondingly larger.

The test results and the C ₅₀ values are shown in Tab. 1 and 2, respectively.

EXAMPLE 10

Example 9 was repeated with the following changes. The material used to form the tapes was a preimpregnated SPECTRA sheet (unidirectional sheet available from AlliedSignal Inc., areal density 0.067 kg / m ² ). The containers were constructed in the same manner except that two turns of SPECTRA SHIELD composite strips were made at the beginning and at the end of each band. Volume 1 contained 78 weight percent unidirectional tape and 22 weight percent SPECTRA SHIELD. Bands 2 and 3 contained 81 weight percent unidirectional tape and 19 weight percent SPECTRA SHIELD. About 90% by weight of the fibers were continuous fibers in the circumferential or ribbon direction. The test results and the C ₅₀ values are shown in Tab. 1 and 2, respectively.

EXAMPLE 11

Example 7 was repeated with the following changes. The material used to form the inner framework and the bands was a coarse (3000 denier) KEVLAR ^® 129-aramid fabric, areal density 0.446 kg / m ^2, Type 745, 17 x 17 warp lengths per 2.54 cm (1 inch). The test results and the C ₅₀ values are shown in Tab. 1 and 2, respectively.

EXAMPLE 12

In this example, a series of four containers were prepared for comparative studies as follows. A 4.5 kilogram (9.9 lb.) linear low density rotary molded polyethylene cubes and 43.2 cm (17 inches) side length was placed between two plates on an ENTEC continuous filament winder. A precursor made from a 17 inch wide strip of unidirectional tape for the SPECTRA SHIELD PCR material (areal density 0.0675 kg / m ² with 80 wt% of the SPECTRA 1000 fiber and 20 wt% KRATON D1107 matrix) was prepared by rotating the Cube wrapped around its x axis 9 times around four sides of the cube. When the unidirectional tape was wound, an adhesive layer (5% by weight KRATON D1107 in toluene) was applied to the surface with a paint roller carried. The cube was rotated at a rate of 2 to 3 revolutions per minute and stopped intermittently as needed to apply the adhesive. The process was first repeated by rotating the cube about its y-axis and then rotating it about its z-axis. A second set of three tapes of 9 wraps was repeated with identical sequence (x, then y, then z axis) of the winding directions. From a side surface near a corner, a 16 cm ² (2.5 inch square) square was cut out. The sides of the square opening were parallel to the sides of the side surface and 5 cm (2 inches) from two of the adjacent edges. The wound container weighed 7.6 kg (16.7 lb.) and the wrapping material had a surface density of 2.43 kg / m ² . To close the hole during the explosion, a 7.62 cm x 12.7 cm x 0.64 cm (3 x 5 x 0.25 inch) aluminum plate was inserted diagonally through the hole into the container. For alignment, a square plywood plate (6.1 cm x 6.1 cm x 0.64 cm (2.4 x 2.4 x 0.25 inches) was attached to the center of the double-sided aluminum plate through two holes (0, 16 cm ∅ [0.0625 inches]) threaded through the plywood and aluminum plates, a paper clip loop was threaded through which a 0.64 cm Nylon (0.25 inch) nylon tube was inserted through the loop to hold the plate To attach the firing wire, a 0.16 cm (0.0625 inch) hole was drilled in the center of the adjoining side, and two 7,62 cm (3 inches and 9 wraps long) strips of SPECTRA SHIELD were repositioned each cube was wrapped over the aluminum plate, which was snugly held in the square hole.The two strips were parallel to the edges of the cube, and their longitudinal directions formed a right angle above the square hole.At the beginning, in the middle and at the end of each strip iso herband used to secure the resulting band. Thus, two mutually perpendicular bands were placed around the container, both of which covered the access hole.

Three the container, in which no explosion-reducing Material was positioned with subsequent charges of explosive C4 tested: 28g (1oz), 43g (1.5oz), or 57g (2oz). The two containers, which were tested with the lower charges had each contained the explosive (Test successful) while the container tested with 57 g (2 ounces) of explosive was ruptured, with Cracks of 0.9 cm × 15.2 cm (3.5 and 6 inches) remained at different edges of the cube.

Of the fourth container was filled with GENETRON 134A, a condensable gas (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) from the company AlliedSignal Inc., and was with a charge of 57 g (2 ounces) explosive C4 tested. The container remained intact.

DISCUSSION OF EXAMPLES 1-4

The Examples illustrate that cube-shaped containers of three are mutually exclusive wearing four-sided ribbons have an excellent explosion resistance. Container 2 after Example 2 with 38.1 cm (15 inches) of side length was capable of holding an explosive charge an almost similar one Size curb how the cube-shaped control container off Example 1 with 78.7 cm (31 inches) side length and almost identical areal density (made of SPECTRA SHIELD composite panels). Thus, when using a container that significantly lighter and smaller than the control container, d. H. 1/4 of the weight of the control container and 1/8 of the volume having a similar one Achievement achieved. additionally let the containers much easier to open and close after this invention have no steel pins, which in case of an explosion as projectiles can act. The interesting thing is that the container of the comparative example, on the SPECTRA SHIELD composite panels performed better than the container with KEVLAR composite panels.

The Examination of the containers of Example 2 after the explosion tests, in connection with the evaluation the high-speed photo results, revealed that the container damage not by "pressure breakdown" (tearing through the pulse of the detonation wave against the container wall) were caused. A pressure breakdown would have the bursting of the containers in the middle of the side surfaces of the cube causes. This has not been observed in any case; the damages Occurred along the edges of the containers. During the explosion deformed the bands this container and enabled the discharge of the gases. The tabs of these containers, however, supported did not eliminate the controlled discharge of hot gases. For the purpose of Further reduction of this leakage was the inner band in Example 3 by incorporating a rigid inner framework Epoxy resin made stiffer. This container easily insulated an explosion with 170 g (6 ounces) of explosive, with it being too small Deformation, no fast gas discharge and essentially too no visible permanent damage to the construction came.

DISCUSSION OF EXAMPLES 5-12

at all examples improved the explosion-reducing material (aqueous Foam) the effectiveness of the explosion-proof container in considerable Dimensions. The temperature of the contained foam was considerably over the Ambient temperature of about 25 ° C increased. Usually was the foam temperature when measuring in a container construction, who sustained an explosion with 170 g (6 ounces) of explosive C4 had, 70 ° C.

Example 6 shows that aqueous foam not only attenuates an explosion but also prevents fire. With a load of about half of the C ₅₀ value of a vessel assembly plus foam, there was considerable container damage, followed by a fire that destroyed the vessel.

The Examples 7-11 show that watery Foam an extremely significant Role in explosion protection plays and protection against explosive Offers loads that weigh 2 to 4 times that of a container without Damp foam can. These examples further show that coarser fabric of yarn SPECTRA 900 with a higher Denier number a similar one Explosion protection as significantly more expensive and finer tissue provides where the yarn uses SPECTRA 1000 with a lower denier number becomes. In all of these examples, containers were under it, in the empty state were foldable, d. H. without explosion-reducing material in it. These are especially useful in confined spaces.

example 12 illustrates that the explosion resistance is improved, when air is condensable through a low sound velocity Gas, in conjunction with a non-folding container, provided with bands and a door to close, is replaced. additionally to the weakening The detonation waves from the explosion can cause certain of these gases also limit the oxidation process and prevent fire.

professionals can from the foregoing description readily the essential Features of this invention will be appreciated and various changes made and make modifications of the invention to the various To adapt to applications and conditions without being affected by their scope of protection and the basic idea is deviated.

Table 1 Explosion Information for Examples 7-12

Table 5 Comparison of Explosion Resistance Values for Examples 12-16

Table 6 Explosion Information for Example 18

Claims (5)

Explosion-proof container construction ( 10 ) for receiving an explosive, comprising: a. a container made of explosion-proof material, wherein the container for storage purposes is collapsible when it is empty; and b. an explosion-reducing material ( 14 ) within the container, wherein the container consists of at least three bands ( 11 . 12 . 13 ), which in the assembled state are aligned with respect to each other to substantially enclose a volume and form a container wall, wherein the bands are foldable for storage in the disassembled state and at least one of the bands consists of an explosion-proof material, characterized in that the bands are a first inner band ( 11 ) contained within a second volume ( 12 ), which is within a third band ( 13 ), the bands being superimposed and forming a container wall having a thickness substantially equivalent to the sum of the thicknesses of at least two bands, and each of the bands having a plurality of surfaces, each surface having a different one Surface at at least one common edge is connected by a fiber material and the fiber material between the surfaces functions as a hinge, wherein the surfaces of at least one band are rigid. container construction according to claim 1, wherein the explosion-reducing material consists of a group made of polymeric foams, particles, liquefiable gases, heat-dissipating Materials, foam glass, microballs, balls, Bubbles, hollow spheres, wick fibers and combinations thereof is selected. container construction according to claim 1, wherein the explosive attenuating material is aqueous Foam comprises. container construction according to claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof material at least a fibrous layer comprises, this fibrous layer of at least one Fiber network, with at least about 50 weight percent of the fibers essentially endless fiber lengths are that enclose the trapped volume. container construction according to claim 4, wherein the fiber network is embedded in a resin matrix is.