DE69424393T2 - Verfahren zur Bildung von Kontaktbohrungen in einer isolierenden Membran und Verfahren zum Schneiden der Membran - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Bildung von Kontaktbohrungen in einer isolierenden Membran und Verfahren zum Schneiden der Membran

Info

Publication number
DE69424393T2
DE69424393T2 DE69424393T DE69424393T DE69424393T2 DE 69424393 T2 DE69424393 T2 DE 69424393T2 DE 69424393 T DE69424393 T DE 69424393T DE 69424393 T DE69424393 T DE 69424393T DE 69424393 T2 DE69424393 T2 DE 69424393T2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
membrane
cutting
contact holes
forming contact
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE69424393T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69424393D1 (de
Inventor
Haba Belgacem
Yukio Morishige
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
NEC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP6174413A external-priority patent/JP2760288B2/ja
Application filed by NEC Corp filed Critical NEC Corp
Publication of DE69424393D1 publication Critical patent/DE69424393D1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69424393T2 publication Critical patent/DE69424393T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/0011—Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
    • H05K3/0017—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means
    • H05K3/0026—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means by laser ablation
    • H05K3/0032—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means by laser ablation of organic insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
    • H01L21/4814—Conductive parts
    • H01L21/4846—Leads on or in insulating or insulated substrates, e.g. metallisation
    • H01L21/486—Via connections through the substrate with or without pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
    • B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
    • B23K2101/42—Printed circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials
    • B23K2103/172—Multilayered materials wherein at least one of the layers is non-metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B23K2103/42—Plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
    • H05K2201/0104—Properties and characteristics in general
    • H05K2201/0112—Absorbing light, e.g. dielectric layer with carbon filler for laser processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
    • H05K2201/0137—Materials
    • H05K2201/015—Fluoropolymer, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
    • H05K2201/0137—Materials
    • H05K2201/0154—Polyimide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/02—Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
    • H05K2201/0203—Fillers and particles
    • H05K2201/0206—Materials
    • H05K2201/0209—Inorganic, non-metallic particles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/02—Details related to mechanical or acoustic processing, e.g. drilling, punching, cutting, using ultrasound
    • H05K2203/0285—Using ultrasound, e.g. for cleaning, soldering or wet treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/13—Moulding and encapsulation; Deposition techniques; Protective layers
    • H05K2203/1377—Protective layers
    • H05K2203/1388—Temporary protective conductive layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/0011—Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
    • H05K3/0017—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means
    • H05K3/002—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means by liquid chemical etching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/0011—Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
    • H05K3/0055—After-treatment, e.g. cleaning or desmearing of holes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/38—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
    • H05K3/388—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal by the use of a metallic or inorganic thin film adhesion layer

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
DE69424393T 1993-12-28 1994-12-27 Verfahren zur Bildung von Kontaktbohrungen in einer isolierenden Membran und Verfahren zum Schneiden der Membran Expired - Fee Related DE69424393T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP33793993 1993-12-28
JP5083794 1994-03-22
JP6174413A JP2760288B2 (ja) 1993-12-28 1994-07-26 ビアホール形成法及びフィルム切断法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69424393D1 DE69424393D1 (de) 2000-06-15
DE69424393T2 true DE69424393T2 (de) 2001-02-15

Family

ID=27294094

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69424393T Expired - Fee Related DE69424393T2 (de) 1993-12-28 1994-12-27 Verfahren zur Bildung von Kontaktbohrungen in einer isolierenden Membran und Verfahren zum Schneiden der Membran

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5628926A (de)
EP (1) EP0661734B1 (de)
KR (1) KR0139708B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69424393T2 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5841102A (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-11-24 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Multiple pulse space processing to enhance via entrance formation at 355 nm
US5833759A (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-11-10 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Method for preparing vias for subsequent metallization
US5965043A (en) * 1996-11-08 1999-10-12 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Method for using ultrasonic treatment in combination with UV-lasers to enable plating of high aspect ratio micro-vias
US6103992A (en) 1996-11-08 2000-08-15 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Multiple frequency processing to minimize manufacturing variability of high aspect ratio micro through-vias
US5910255A (en) * 1996-11-08 1999-06-08 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Method of sequential laser processing to efficiently manufacture modules requiring large volumetric density material removal for micro-via formation
AU5084098A (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-29 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Method for minimizing pink ring in blind laser vias
AU5084998A (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-29 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Method for using photoabsorptive coatings to enhance both blind and through micro-via entrance quality
US5868950A (en) * 1996-11-08 1999-02-09 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Method to correct astigmatism of fourth yag to enable formation of sub 25 micron micro-vias using masking techniques
WO1998020534A1 (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-14 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Method for using fiducial schemes to increase nominal registration
JP2000015820A (ja) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-18 Canon Inc オリフィスプレートおよび液体吐出ヘッドの製造方法
US6592943B2 (en) 1998-12-01 2003-07-15 Fujitsu Limited Stencil and method for depositing solder
TWI233763B (en) 1999-12-17 2005-06-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method of manufacturing a circuit board
US6509546B1 (en) 2000-03-15 2003-01-21 International Business Machines Corporation Laser excision of laminate chip carriers
US6783920B2 (en) * 2003-01-15 2004-08-31 The Aerospace Corporation Photosensitive glass variable laser exposure patterning method
DE102004014820B4 (de) * 2004-03-24 2006-10-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Bohrungen mit großem Aspektverhältnis in metallischen Werkstoffen sowie in geschichteten metallischen Werkstoffen und solchen, die mindestens eine keramische Schicht aufweisen
US7526357B2 (en) * 2004-12-13 2009-04-28 The Aerospace Corporation Pulse modulation laser writing system
GB2446875A (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-27 Intense Ltd Production of fine geometric openings in thin film materials
TWI417017B (zh) * 2009-07-30 2013-11-21 Unimicron Technology Corp 線路板的基材及其鑽孔方法
US8201928B2 (en) * 2009-12-15 2012-06-19 Xerox Corporation Inkjet ejector having an improved filter
US10052718B2 (en) 2011-02-10 2018-08-21 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Cylindrical workpiece cutting apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5982185A (ja) * 1982-10-29 1984-05-12 Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd レ−ザ光による孔あけ加工方法
JPS62144893A (ja) * 1985-12-20 1987-06-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 薄膜体のレ−ザ加工方法
US4786358A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-11-22 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Method for forming a pattern of a film on a substrate with a laser beam
JPS63124537A (ja) * 1986-11-14 1988-05-28 Ideya:Kk 樹脂封止型半導体装置の余剰樹脂の除去方法
US4764485A (en) * 1987-01-05 1988-08-16 General Electric Company Method for producing via holes in polymer dielectrics
JPH02104483A (ja) * 1988-10-11 1990-04-17 Sony Corp レーザ励起熱化学加工方法
US4961259A (en) * 1989-06-16 1990-10-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Method of forming an interconnection by an excimer laser
US5169678A (en) * 1989-12-26 1992-12-08 General Electric Company Laser ablatable polymer dielectrics and methods
US5233157A (en) * 1990-09-11 1993-08-03 Hughes Aircraft Company Laser pattern ablation of fine line circuitry masters
JP3212405B2 (ja) * 1992-07-20 2001-09-25 富士通株式会社 エキシマレーザ加工方法及び装置
US5316803A (en) * 1992-12-10 1994-05-31 International Business Machines Corporation Method for forming electrical interconnections in laminated vias
US5302547A (en) * 1993-02-08 1994-04-12 General Electric Company Systems for patterning dielectrics by laser ablation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0661734B1 (de) 2000-05-10
KR960029378A (ko) 1996-08-17
EP0661734A2 (de) 1995-07-05
US5628926A (en) 1997-05-13
DE69424393D1 (de) 2000-06-15
KR0139708B1 (en) 1998-07-01
EP0661734A3 (de) 1996-11-06

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