DE694029C - Control device for propellers, turbines and pump wheels with adjustable blades - Google Patents

Description

Control device for propellers, turbines and pump wheels with adjustable The present invention relates to a control device for propeller, Turbine and pump wheels with adjustable blades .-- Such wheels with during the Operation of adjustable blades or blades, which in Kaplan turbines, propeller pumps and blowers and used in aircraft and ship propellers are included usually so attached that it is not possible to change the position of the adjustable Observe the wings immediately. When adjusting the wings, like that often the case is effected by an auxiliary motor with associated control valve, it is also not possible to change the position of the wings using the position of the control lever to determine. In such cases, it is therefore often very desirable in practice to have a visible indicator that indicates the wing position. For wheels, where the auxiliary motor is built into the wheel hub or shaft so that it can go with these but it is very difficult to make such a visible one Set up scoreboard.

The invention aims to overcome these difficulties. - It relates to a control device for propellers, T lirbines and pump wheels with adjustable wings, in which the adjustment of the wings with the help of an auxiliary motor is effected with the associated control valve, and in which one part (the slide or slide seat) of the control valve with the moving part of the auxiliary motor (the Auxiliary engine piston or auxiliary engine cylinder) is directly or indirectly connected, so that it follows the movement of this part. The invention exists for this purpose mainly in the fact that the one connected to the moving part of the auxiliary engine Part of the control valve is provided with stops that prevent the movement of the other, so limit the control valve part influenced by the control pulses that between the stops only have a small amount of play compared to the stroke: this means that then the pulse-influenced control valve part by its position the position of the movable auxiliary engine part and thus also specify the position of the adjustable wing. According to a further, expedient embodiment of the inventive idea the stops can be made flexible.

Regarding the free play between attacks, it should be noted that The accuracy of the attacks is the higher, the less the game is. No way In this case, this play may exceed 5 ° 1o of the stroke. - On the attached drawings some embodiments of the invention are shown as examples, namely both in use with a ship's propeller. The device can of course can also be used with the other types of screws mentioned above.

Fig. I is an axial section through the screw hub; Figure 2 is an axial section through part of the screw shaft; Fig. 3 shows a collation of the entire control and display device; Fig.4 shows the actual pointer arrangement in side view; Fig.5 shows the flexible coupling on a larger scale; Figure 6 is an axial section through a modified embodiment of the invention; Finally, Fig.7 shows a modified detail of the attacks.

In the marine propeller hub shown in Fig. I, i denotes the hub body, which is fixedly connected to the hollow screw shaft 2. In these Parts is in bushes 3 and 4, the axially displaceable hollow piston rod 5 stored. On the left end of this rod (Fig. I) is the auxiliary motor piston 6, which is slidable in the auxiliaryinotor cylinder 7. This is through the cover 8 closed, the outer part of which is designed as a hub cone g .. io denotes one of the wings, which has its flange and the crank pin ring i i rotatably supported by a ring 12 attached to the hub body i on the hub body i is such that it is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the hub body is. A crank pin 14 is attached to the crank pin ring ii, -der in a slider 13 is rotatable. The slider is in one to the axial direction of the piston rod 5 vertical groove in a projection of the piston rod 5. In the left At the end of the hollow piston rod 5, a sleeve 15 is attached to the seat surface forms for the axially displaceable hollow control slide 16. Of the Slide 16 is finitely connected to the slide rods 18, which extend through the hollow Screw shaft 2 extends therethrough and is itself made hollow, so that pressure fluid to operate the auxiliary motor can be fed through them. The one within the Sleeve i 5 "lying part of the slide 16 is on its circumferential surface with three circumferentially extending recesses 16a, 16b, 16c and furthermore with radial channels ig and 20, the recesses 16a and i6b with the axial channel 23 of the Connect slide 16. The channel stands with the cavity of the slide rod 18 in open connection. The recess 16b, however, is through a channel 24 in the slide seat sleeve 15 with the space 25 between the piston rod 5 and the slide 16 and thereby with the space 26 between the slide rod 18 and the screw shaft: 2 in connection. The spaces in between serve as a drainage line for hydraulic fluid from the auxiliary motor. 'In the sleeve 15 and the piston rod 5 are also provided radial channels 21 and 22, which lead to the spaces on the right and guide the left side of the auxiliary engine piston6. These recesses and channels of the slide, the Schiewer sleeve and the piston rod are arranged and attached to each other in such a way that that if the slide 16 is moved slightly in one direction or the other, Hydraulic fluid to the space on the right or left side of the auxiliary engine piston 6 is supplied so that the piston is caused to move in the same direction how to move the slide 16, so that the slide so to speak with the auxiliary engine piston is hydraulically coupled.

The one with the movable part of the auxiliary q motor, d. H. in the Embodiment shown 'with the auxiliary engine piston 6, connected part of the control valve 16, 15, d. H. the slide seat surface 15 is, according to the invention, with two stops 27 and 28 provided, which limit the movement of the slide 16 such that the slide can only move a very short distance in relation to the sleeve 15. The slider 16 is provided with a flange 29 at its left end (Fig. I) for this purpose, which is located between the two stops 27 and 28 and is dimensioned so that there is some leeway between him and the attacks. This The amount of play thus determines the amount of movement of the slide 16 to the sleeve 15. According to Moving the slide in one direction or the other by one of these leeway corresponding piece the flange 29 abuts against the stop 27 or 28, after which the slide 16 is forced to move the sleeve 15 and thus also the auxiliary motor piston 6 to follow (i.e. cannot move faster than the piston 6 allows).

If you z. B. assumes that the slide 16 is shifted to the left in Fig. I, the slide opens through the channels ig and 21 connection between the hydraulic fluid supply channel 23 and the space on the right side of the auxiliary engine piston 6, and at the same time the space is opened the left side of the piston 6 through the channel 22, through the recess 16L and through the channel 24 with the flow line 25, 26 in connection. As soon as the flange 29 hits the stop 28; the further movement of the slide 16 to the left in relation to the slide sleeve 15 and to the piston 6 is prevented. However, the piston 6 continues its movement to the left until the slide 16- comes back into the rest position shown, in which it covers the channels 2r and a2. On the other hand, when the slide 16 is shifted to the right in Fig. R, the pressure fluid supply channel 23 is connected through the channels 20 and 22 with the space on the left side of the piston 6, and the space on the right side of the piston 6 becomes through the channels 2r and 24 to the drain line 25,26 in communication. In this case it becomes the stop 27, which prevents the continued movement of the slide 16 to the right in relation to the sleeve 15 and the piston 6. In both cases, the slide 16 cannot be moved faster than the piston after the short stroke mentioned - so that .the slide and the piston will follow one another. Since the auxiliary motor piston is inevitably connected to the screw vanes by the parts 13, 14 and 1i, every position of the piston 6 obviously corresponds to a certain position of the screw vanes, and since the slide 16 in turn follows the piston, the position also corresponds of the slide 16 of the respective setting of the screw wings. This fact is exploited according to the invention in that the movement of the slide 16 and the bending rod 18 connected to it is made visible outside the screw shaft with the aid of the device shown in FIGS. 2 to 5.

. According to A bb.2, the hollow screw shaft 2 is connected by a coupling 30 to the drive machine, not shown, and. supported by a support bearing 31 (Fig. 3). The slide rod 18 is slidable in a sleeve 32 mounted in the hollow screw shaft, the left end of which is designed as a pressure fluid introduction device 33 which connects the fixed pressure fluid supply line 33a with the cavity of the slide rod 18, while the intermediate grooves 26 between of the slide rod 18 and the screw shaft 2 is in communication with the fixed pressure fluid discharge line 33L. The slide rod 18 is moved by a driver "34, which is connected by a ball bearing to a driver sleeve 35 attached outside the screw shaft and rotatable relative to it, in such a way that the slide rod 18 can be moved by moving this driver sleeve 35 Sleeve 35 is articulated to a fork-shaped lever 3611 (FIG a fixed pin 39 is rotatably mounted in a bearing block 40. A pointer 41 is also rotatably mounted on the pin 39, the movement of which can be read on a fixed scale 42, over which a pointer 38a connected to the lever 38 also moves, such as can be seen from Fig. 4.

The elastic coupling 37, which is shown in Fig. 5 on a larger scale and in longitudinal section, consists of two rigidly connected tie rods 43 and 44, which are displaceable in a sleeve. The sleeve consists of two shorter sleeves 45 and 46 which are firmly connected to one another by a tube 47. On the inner, thinner part 48 of the rod 43, two spring support plates 49 and 50 are slidably mounted, between .denen a compression spring 51 is inserted. This spring usually holds the plates in the positions shown in Fig. 5, with plate 49 resting against both the thicker part of rod 43 and the inner end of sleeve 45, and plate 5o against the inner ends of rod 44 and the Sleeve 46 rests. The tube 47 is articulated to the fork legs of the lever 3611 by pins, as indicated in FIG. 5. A extends from the rod 43. Cable to one end of a double lever 52 (Fig. 3), from the other end of which a second cable extends over a guide roller 53 to one end 54a of a double lever firmly connected to the control lever 38. A third cable extends from the rod 44 via a guide roller 34 to the more anal end 54t 'of the lever firmly connected to the control lever 38. In this way, the control lever 38 is flexibly connected to the lever 3611. The sleeves 45 and 46 are connected by ropes, as indicated in FIGS. 3 and 5, to a double lever which is firmly connected to the pointer 41. This is in this way with 'the lever 36a and .diese with the rod 18 and with the slide 16 with the help of an inelastic movement transmission. device connected.

The device described works in the following way: In Fig. 3 the control lever 38 assumes its central or zero position, the auxiliary motor piston 6 also being in its central position and the screw blades being adjusted so that they are ineffective. The pointer 41 is also in its zero position. If the control lever 38 is now turned a little to the right in Fig. 3 (for forward drive) and locked in the set position, the rods 43, 48 and 44, which are firmly connected to one another, are also turned to the right in Fig. 5 postponed. The rod 43 takes the plate 49 with it - so that the spring 51 is more strongly tensioned and exerts an increased pressure on the plate 5o, while the plate still rests against the sleeve 46. When the spring pressure acts, parts 45, 47 and 46 begin to move to the right, taking lever 3611 with them to the right in Fig. 3. As a result, the driver sleeve 35 is displaced on the screw shaft to the right in FIGS. 2 and 3 and takes the slide rod 18 and the slide 16 with it. As a result, the channel 2o in the slide comes into connection with the channel 22 in the piston rod, so that pressure fluid is supplied to the space on the left side of the auxiliary motor piston 6, while fluid at the same time from the space on the right side of the piston through the channels 21 and 24 is derived. The piston 6 thus begins to move to the right in Fig. I and adjusts the screw blades io for forward propulsion. After the slide 16 has moved a very short distance to the right in relation to the slide sleeve i5, the flange 29 strikes the stop 27 in the manner described above, whereupon the slide follows the movement of the auxiliary motor piston. This movement continues under the action of the pressure of the spring 51 until the plate 50 has again come to rest against the inner end of the rod 44 and the elastic coupling 37 has thus come back into equilibrium. Although the control lever 38 is quickly set in a certain position and locked in this position, the control pulse generated thereby acts on the control mechanism only relatively slowly thanks to the elastic coupling 37. The fact that the pointer 41 with. With the help of a non-elastic movement transmission device, consisting of the parts 47, 3611, 35, 34 and i 8, with the slide 16 in connection, the pointer is let go, because gradual movement of the slide 16 exactly: to follow and thus shows in each Momentarily the respective setting of the rotatable screw blades and, after restoration of the equilibrium position in the elastic coupling 37, the final position of the screw blades with the accuracy required for practice. The pointer 41 will thus come to a standstill exactly opposite the pointer 38a of the control lever 38 as soon as the desired adjustment of the screw blades has been carried out. The smaller the clearance between the flange 29 and the stops 27 and 28, the more precisely the pointer 41 obviously indicates the position of the screw wings. However, as can be seen from the above, a certain margin is necessary for the. Slide 16 should be able to initiate the changeover process. By means of the control device described, the skipper can make a certain desired setting of the propeller blades with a single movement and then determine with the aid of the display device that the propeller blades have been set in the desired new position. In the embodiment described above and shown in Figs. I to 5, the auxiliary motor with the associated control valve 16, 15 is arranged in the screw hub. This design should be the most appropriate in practice, because the large forces that arise when the blades are moved are then absorbed directly by the hub body and therefore do not have to be transmitted through the screw shaft. However, the invention can of course also be used in such designs in which the auxiliary motor is built into the screw shaft. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG.

According to Fig. 6, the hollow screw. shaft 2 with the auxiliary motor cylinder 55 firmly connected, which in turn is connected to the drive shaft 56. The auxiliary engine piston 57 is attached to the thick piston rod @ 8, which can be moved in the axial direction, which is slidably mounted in the sleeve 59. The axial movements of the piston rod 58 are in the same way as in Fig. I by sliding pieces and crank pins transferred to the screw wings - The one that can be moved on @ the screw shaft 2 Driving sleeve 6o, which corresponds to driving sleeve 35 in Figs. 2 and 3, is shown in FIG in this case directly connected to the slide 62, -der in the auxiliary engine cylinder 55 is slidably mounted and extends through a bore in the piston 57. In terms of its effect, the slide 62 corresponds to the slide 16 in FIG. I and carries at its end the flange 61, which with the two stops 77 and 78 cooperates. They are arranged in a part 79 fastened to the piston 57. Around To prevent damage to the slide, the auxiliary engine piston is also through one Guide rod63 guided; which is fixed in detn.help smotor cylinder is and passes through a bore in the piston on the opposite side of the piston rod 58 in relation to the slide 62 extends. The hydraulic fluid required for regulation is fed to the hollow screw shaft 2 through the pipe 64 and is passed through the Channel 65 passed into an axial channel 6511 of the slide 62, which when it is moved through the channels 66 and 67 that distribute the pressure fluid to the rumen both sides of the piston 57 causes. The hydraulic fluid is through the channel 68 of the piston 57 and derived through the pipe 7o. How this arrangement works is in the main the same as above with reference to those shown in Fig. i to 5 Embodiment has been described.

Finally, Fig.7 shows a modified embodiment of the two Stops that are designed to be elastic, so that they can be used when using a larger one Impulse force can give a little more than usual and your impulse-influenced control slide, allow yourself to move around a slightly larger piece of it in relation to the one with the movable one Moving part of the auxiliary motor connected control valve part. Between attacks For this purpose, two rings 71 are attached according to Figure 7, for example from Rubber or resilient sheet metal can exist. In the event that dirt particles in the channels of the valve have about come in and clogged these channels, the control slide can be so large as a result of these elastic stops Pieces are shifted so that the dirt particles are taken by the hydraulic fluid and thus be removed. The resilient rings can optionally be made so thick that there is no immediate clearance between them and the flange is, but that the rings begin to give way immediately when you move the slide have to. To be able to remove the slide 16 or 62- is the flange 29 and 61 designed as a bayonet socket in the stop 27 and 77, so that the slide can be pulled out after turning it at a certain angle, for example 9o °.

The embodiments described above and shown in the drawing are to be regarded only as examples and, of course, their details can be further modified in various ways without deviating from the basic concept of the invention. So you can z. B. the device also so. execute that the auxiliary engine cylinder is arranged displaceably instead of the auxiliary engine piston. Finally, it should be noted that the pointer is not absolutely necessary, because if the control lever 38 is moved with a force that is not so great that the spring 51 is compressed, the position of the control lever also indicates the position of the wings . One can thus feel the control lever; whether the slide rod 18 and thus the auxiliary motor piston and the screw blades are moved with it. This is of particular importance with taxes in the dark.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS i. Control device for propellers, turbines and pump wheels with adjustable blades, in which the adjustment of the blades is effected with the help of an auxiliary motor with an associated control valve, and in which one part (the slide or slide valve seat) of the control valve is connected to the movable part of the auxiliary motor (your auxiliary engine piston or auxiliary motor cylinder) is connected directly or indirectly so that it follows the movement of this part, characterized in that the part of the control valve connected to the movable part of the auxiliary motor is provided with stops which influenced the movement of the other by the control pulses Limit the control valve part so that there is only a small amount of play between the stops compared to the stroke. . 2. Control device according to Claim i, characterized in that the stops are designed to be resilient.