DE688373C - Process for combining ceramic bodies with glasses - Google Patents

Process for combining ceramic bodies with glasses

Info

Publication number
DE688373C
DE688373C DE1932P0066496 DEP0066496D DE688373C DE 688373 C DE688373 C DE 688373C DE 1932P0066496 DE1932P0066496 DE 1932P0066496 DE P0066496 D DEP0066496 D DE P0066496D DE 688373 C DE688373 C DE 688373C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
glasses
glass
ceramic bodies
thermal expansion
coefficient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1932P0066496
Other languages
German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE1932P0066496 priority Critical patent/DE688373C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE688373C publication Critical patent/DE688373C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/04Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with articles made from glass
    • C04B37/042Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with articles made from glass in a direct manner
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J13/00Discharge tubes with liquid-pool cathodes, e.g. metal-vapour rectifying tubes
    • H01J13/02Details
    • H01J13/26Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9607Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34Oxidic
    • C04B2237/341Silica or silicates

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Vereinigung keramischer Massen mit Gläsern Beim Zusammenschmelzen von Glas mit keramischen Massen, wie Porzellan u. dgl., zeigt es sich, daß solche Vereinigungen nicht unter allen Umständen vollkommen öl- und luftdicht werden oder die Verbindung im Laufe der Zeit Undichtigkeiten ergibt. Der Grund liegt darin, daß der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient vieler handelsüblicher Glassorten mindestens gleich oder sogar erheblich größer als der des Porzellans und ähnlicher keramischer Massen ist. Aus diesem Grunde ist auch bereits vorgeschlagen worden, Sonderarten von Gläsern, z. B. Silicat- oder Boratgläser, die unter der geschützten ' Bezeichnung Pyrex bekannten Gläser, Supremexgläser u. dgl., zu verwenden, deren thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient nicht größer als 5 # 1o-6 ist. Es ist weiter ein solches Porzellan als vorteilhaft beii der Vereinigung mit derartigen Gläsern bezeichnet worden, das einen möglichst hohen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten besitzt. Aus diesem Bekannten war lediglich die Regel zu entnehmen, daß die Wärmedehnungen der beiden zu vereinigenden Stoffe, Glas und Porzellan, durch entsprechende Auswahl einander möglichst angeglichen werden sollten.Process for the union of ceramic masses with glasses when melting together of glass with ceramic masses, such as porcelain and the like., It turns out that such Associations do not become completely oil and airtight under all circumstances or the connection leaks over time. The reason is that the coefficient of thermal expansion of many commercially available types of glass at least equal to or even considerably larger than that of porcelain and similar ceramic Masses is. For this reason, special types have already been proposed of glasses, e.g. B. Silicate or borate glasses, which are protected under the 'designation Pyrex glasses, Supremex glasses and the like. To use their thermal The expansion coefficient is not greater than 5 # 1o-6. It is still such a thing Porcelain is said to be advantageous when combined with such glasses which has the highest possible coefficient of thermal expansion. From this acquaintance only the rule could be inferred that the thermal expansions of the two materials to be combined, glass and porcelain, by appropriate selection should be aligned with each other as much as possible.

Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, daß der Zweck, dauernd öl- und luftdichte, besonders höchvakuumdichte Verbindungen zu schaffen, auch unter Benutzung der handelsüblichen, billigeren Glassorten mit verhältnismäßig hohen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizientendann erreicht werden kann, wenn als keramische Werkstoffe besonders reine magnesiumhaltige Silicate verwendet werden, wie solche z. B. unter dem Handelsnamen Calit auf dem Markte bekannt sind. Der lineare thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient dieser Masse liegt zwischen 7,6 bis 7,8 # io-s, ist also meist höher als der handelsüblicher Glassorten. Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Verbindungen zwischen Glas und keramischem Werkstoff zeichnen sich, wie umfangreiche Versuche ergeben haben, vor den bekannten Vereinigungsarten von Porzellan mit Sonderarten von Gläsern dadurch aus, daß sie unter allen Umständen hochvakuum- und öldicht sind, geringe Empfindlichkeit gegen Wärmeschwankungen und große mechanische Festigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit besitzen. Sie sind daher besonders geeignet z. B. zur vollkommen dichten Verbindung von Glaskolben für Elektronen- oder Vakuumröhren mit Sockeln oder Teilen aus keramischem Werkstoff, der erfindungsgemäß so ausgewählt wird, daß sein Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient über demjenigen der verwendeten Glassorten liegt. Besonders vorteilhaft haben sich Gläser erwiesen, deren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient etwa io bis 30'/o unter dem des keramischen Werkstoffes liegt.Surprisingly, it has now been found that the purpose of creating permanently oil- and air-tight, particularly highly vacuum-tight connections, can also be achieved using the commercially available, cheaper types of glass with relatively high thermal expansion coefficients if particularly pure magnesium-containing silicates are used as ceramic materials, such as such z. B. are known on the market under the trade name Calit. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of this mass is between 7.6 to 7.8 # io-s, which is usually higher than that of commercially available types of glass. The connections between glass and ceramic material produced in this way, as extensive tests have shown, are distinguished from the known types of combination of porcelain with special types of glasses in that they are highly vacuum- and oil-tight under all circumstances, low sensitivity to heat fluctuations and large ones possess mechanical strength and durability. They are therefore particularly suitable for. B. for a completely tight connection of glass bulbs for electron or vacuum tubes with bases or parts made of ceramic material, which is selected according to the invention so that its coefficient of thermal expansion is above that of the types of glass used. Glasses whose thermal expansion coefficient is approximately 10 to 30% below that of the ceramic material have proven to be particularly advantageous.

Claims (1)

PATRNTANSPRUCIi: Verfahren zur Erzeugung von dichten Verbindungen zwischen Gegenständen aus Glas und Gegenständen aus keramischem Material, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daB für die Herstellung der keramischen Gegenstände reine magnesiumhaltige Silicate verwendet werden, wie sie z. Bunter der geschützten Bezeichnung Calit im Handel erhältlich sind, deren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient über dem des verwendeten Glases liegt.PATRNTANSPRUCIi: Method for creating tight connections between objects made of glass and objects made of ceramic material, thereby marked that pure magnesium-containing products for the manufacture of ceramic objects Silicates can be used as they are e.g. Bunter the protected name Calit im Commercially available with a coefficient of thermal expansion above that of the one used Glass lies.
DE1932P0066496 1932-11-24 1932-11-24 Process for combining ceramic bodies with glasses Expired DE688373C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1932P0066496 DE688373C (en) 1932-11-24 1932-11-24 Process for combining ceramic bodies with glasses

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1932P0066496 DE688373C (en) 1932-11-24 1932-11-24 Process for combining ceramic bodies with glasses

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE688373C true DE688373C (en) 1940-02-19

Family

ID=7390815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1932P0066496 Expired DE688373C (en) 1932-11-24 1932-11-24 Process for combining ceramic bodies with glasses

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE688373C (en)

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