DE664854C - Flow changeover and reversing gear with two pump wheels that run in opposite directions - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED ON
SEPTEMBER 5, 1938

REICH PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 47h GROUP

κ 137466 xiiitfh

Patented in the German Empire on April 2, 1935

As is known, flow torque converters based on the Föttinger principle have opposite Gear change transmissions serve the disadvantage that they are designed for only one driving direction of rotation can be. To with such Strönrangs-. driven a reversal of the direction of rotation of the output shaft There are several ways to get there.

First of all, you have a special one for both forward and reverse gear Converters provided, which pump wheels were padded in opposite directions, so that both the direction of rotation of the pump wheel and the turbine wheel was the same for both the forward and the reverse converter. With this type of reversal either the drive motor must be reversible, or it is between the two opposing drive shafts of the two 'flow torque converters Reverse gear switched on. The subject of the invention represents a further development such a transmission and sees a flow circuit for both directions of rotation with opposing bladed pump wheels, which automatically when the torques are equal switches between input and output shaft in a known manner from converter to clutch operation. According to the invention the coupling effect for each of the two directions of rotation increased in that at Switching of one converter to KJupplungsbetrieb taking place in a manner known per se the counter-rotating gear, running backwards, joins the clutch.

There are also fluid transmissions, which consist of two torque converters, known in which the pump wheels of each gear are bladed for the same direction of rotation are while the turbines are rotating in opposite directions. With the one flow torque converter So the pump wheel and turbine wheel rotate in the same direction of rotation with the other torque converter in the opposite direction of rotation. To ensure that the pump and turbine rotate in opposite directions in To reach the one converter, a reversing nozzle is necessary. Such gears but work with a very poor efficiency, so that they are suitable for numerous areas of application out of the question. This is particularly important in vehicle operation to install gearboxes with the best possible efficiency, since every decrease in efficiency an increase in the drive power and thus an increase in the size of the drive motor makes necessary, which is not portable.

A third possibility to achieve the reversal of the direction of rotation in fluid drives is that there is a reverse gear transmission behind the single torque converter provides. This solution has the

*) The patent seeker stated as the inventor :,

Dipl.-Ing. Richard Wittmann in Darmstadt.

Claims (5)

in part, that the pinion gear must be designed for the highest occurring torque, making it very large and heavy, a circumstance which IJF) K vehicle can be taken as a rule not ge into account ^ \. ,, ^J- At the flow change and turn, »* transmission according to the invention are compared to the three types of transmission mentioned ίο achieves the following advantages: in clutch operation The counter-blading circuit also plays a role, forward and reverse circuit are equivalent, and the reverse gear is in the range of the small rotary moments. The mode of operation of the proposed fluid transmission is intended for example Hand illustration to be explained. Circuit I serves as the main circuit when the vehicle is moving forward, and circuit II as the main circuit when the vehicle is backing up. It should, for example, be approached forwards: circuit I is filled with the operating fluid, while circuit II initially runs empty or is switched off. Likewise, the shift sleeve M is in the switching position 1, which corresponds to the forward travel position of the reversing switch. If the engine speed is now increased above the idling speed, then circuit I begins to work in a known manner initially as a torque converter. As the output speed increases, the output torque finally drops to the value of the drive torque. At this moment, by automatically actuating the locking mechanism Gj, the diffuser L , which was previously supported against fixed (/), is coupled to the turbine T in a known manner, and circuit I begins to work in a known manner as a clutch. As in the example shown the guide devices of both circuits are firmly connected, goes at the same time as the switchover in circuit I also the previously unused or idle circuit II from the converter to the clutch circuit. At approximately the same time as the switchover, the switching movement of the Gesperres of the operating fluid released the previously interrupted path to circuit II (not shown). Under the influence of the working fluid, the example begins wise for counter-clockwise rotation shoveled circuit II clockwise like circuit I as a clutch to work. Extensive investigations have shown that in the ^{area of low slip which is essential for clutch 1} operation, one and the same fluid clutch behaves almost exactly in clockwise rotation as in counter-clockwise rotation. If the vehicle is to drive in the opposite direction, only the reversing gear, from which the wheel R is driven, is shifted. At the same time, the switching ^! 4nuffe / W brought into position 2, which inevitably switches from locking mechanism G _{1 of} the flow '' gear to locking mechanism G ₂ . The working process is then exactly the other way around, as previously described for forward travel: While circuit I initially runs idle, circuit II begins to work as a converter and automatically switches over to clutch operation in a known manner when the torque between the drive and output sides is equal. At the same time as this switchover, the path to the previously idling circuit I is released for the working fluid, which, running contrary to its normal direction of rotation, like circuit II, begins to work as a clutch. In the arrangement shown, the diffusers of both circuits are firmly connected and are brought out to one side. Instead of this it is of course also possible to separate the two diffusers and each for itself according to one or both according to the same Side out. In this case, each circuit receives its own locking mechanism, and it it is necessary to mutually lock the two locking mechanisms in order to avoid incorrect switching To switch dependency. In the subject matter of the present invention, by utilizing the fact that one and the same fluid coupling in the area of low slip is at right-hand side and when turned to the left practically almost exactly] j behaves the same, right and left rotation one Two-circuit transmission with automatic switching of both circuits from the converter enables clutch operation, with the fluid transmission working with favorable degrees of efficiency in every direction of rotation, both in converter and clutch shifts and when the fluid transmission works with a very simple, Mechanical reversing gear arranged between the motor and the fluid transmission Axis reversing gears that are often unpleasant during operation can be dispensed with. Instead of by means of mechanical reversing gear can of course reverse the direction of rotation also by simple hydraulic devices, e.g. fluid coupling, be effected. PA TlC N TA N SI ¹ RU CHE: i. Flow reversing and reversing gear ■ with two blades rotating in opposite directions Pump wheels, characterized in that in a known manner Switching of one converter On clutch operation the counter-rotating gear, running backwards, increases the clutch. , 2. Transmission according to claim i, characterized in that the clutch gear the diffuser either by hand on the drive shaft or automatically by means of known locking mechanism or couplings is coupled to the output shaft. 3. Transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the clutch gear the diffuser rotates freely. 4. Transmission according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the guide apparatuses of both circuits are rigidly connected to a jointly rotatable part of the transmission, via which the support by means of locking mechanism specially provided for each direction of travel (Ci ₁ and O ₂ ) against the fixed environment or the coupling to the output side takes place. 5. Transmission according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the guide devices, separated, arranged, each one receives its own locking mechanism, whereby this locking mechanism, which on one or on both Sides of the circuits can be arranged in a defined mutual dependency cause the switchover from each other 1 sheet of drawings