DE638432C - Explosives, incendiary materials and propellants - Google Patents

Description

C-explosives or detonators as well as propellants The one known up to now Pentaerythritol tetra, nitrate is an explosive of extremely great power and high explosiveness. However, it has the disadvantage that, especially against impact, is quite sensitive. Its production, handling and use is offered by el hence some disadvantages.

It has now been found that excellent explosives of great magnitude can be obtained Power and low sensitivity are obtained by using lower nitration levels of pentaerythritol used, e.g. B. pentaerythritol dinitrate or pentaerythritol dinitrate.

Instead of starting from pentaerythritol, one can also use its derivatives as starting material for nitriding with equally good success. For example, the substances that are used in the nitration of pentaerythritol halohydrins, such as. D. Pentaerythritol monochlorohydrin or pentaerythritol dichlorohydrin, are excellent for the production of explosives. A mixture of pentaerythritol monochlorohydrin trinitrate and pentaerythritol dichlorohydrin dinitrate which melts at 43 to 50 'gives a bulge of 305 cc in the normal lead cylinder (trinitrotoluene for comparison 285 cc). This mixture is safe under a 2 kg drop hammer at a height of 170 cm (picric acid for comparison 35 cm, pentaerythritol tetranitrate 25 cm).

Organic esters of pentaerythritol, e.g. B. formates or acetates, result in nitration products that have valuable properties. Pentaerythritol diacetate dinitrate is just like pentaerythritol diformate dinitrate under the 2 kg drop hammer at 175 cm height of fall not to detonate. Of course, can be in the sense the present invention also mixed compounds, such as pentaerythritol monochlorohydrin monoacetate, use well.

The properties of the nitrated ethers of pentaerythritol are particularly favorable. Pentaerythritol monomethyl ether trinitrate melts at 79 to 8o0, gives a lead cylinder bulge of 38o ccm and is safe under the zkg full hammer at a height of 165 cm. Pentaerythritol dimethyl ether dinitrate with a melting point of 53 to 54 "gives a bulge of 276ccm in the lead cylinder and cannot be detonated under the usual 2 kg drop hammer. The nitrated mixtures of different ethers can also be used. The nitration product from a mixture of: 21 0 /, Pentaerythritol, 13% pentaerythritol monomethyl ether, 3004 pentaerythritol dimethyl ether, 360 /, pentaerythritol trimethyl ether gives an explosive with 375 ccm of lead cylinder bulge. This mixture is safe at a height of 14o cm under the 2 kg drop hammer.

The above-mentioned substances can be used alone, mixed with one another or together with other explosives or inert substances for the production of explosives and charges of all kinds, low-smoke powders, detonators, detonators, propellants, rockets or the like. k The following table describes some mixtures that are particularly suitable for military purposes. He a gs lead cylinder sensitivity Composition of the mixture Scfi'äielzp p bulge under the 5 - kg- C ccm drop hammer i. 8o pentaerythritol monomethyl ether trinitrate 8o 78 467 safe at 34cm 2o aluminum 2.5o trinitrotoluene 30 pentaerythritol monomethyl 65 63 392 safe at 31 cm ether trinitrate 2o aluminum 3. 64 trinitrophenyl glycol ether nitrate 16 pentaerythritol dimethyl ether 94 92 440 safe at 2.9 cm dinitrate 2o aluminum 4. Picric acid (for comparison) 120 117 310 safe at 2ocm

Claims (1)

PATENT APPLICATION: Explosives, detonators and propellants of all kinds made from nitrating products of pentaerythritol alone or in a mixture or together with other known explosives or other common substances, characterized in that they contain pentaerythritol nitrates with no more than three N 0 groups or derivatives of pentaerythritol contain or consist of no more than three NO groups.