DE603798C - Process for the detoxification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

Process for detoxifying the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines It is so far not succeeded in the combustion of the fuel in internal combustion engines so that there is complete oxidation in the actual combustion chamber of the operating material and the proportions of lubricants that get into it takes place. Therefore, the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines contain in addition to the products the combustion, namely water and carbon dioxide, and next to completely unaffected Consumables still contain significant amounts of half-burned products. These are mainly carbon monoxide and empyreumatic gases and vapors. at When inhaled, these last substances develop essentially only one of the airways irritant effect, while the carbon monoxide is highly toxic.

The invention is accordingly based on the knowledge that it is at the cleaning of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines with three different in their fundamentals Has problems to do with. The empyreumatic vapors or fumes are known to them Properties can only be removed mechanically. The products of the incomplete Combustion in gaseous form can be rendered harmless by absorption, insofar as it is do not behave like the carbon dioxide. This finally has to be done through further burning be converted into the harmless carbon dioxide. The transfer itself is known However, methods of gas protection technology prepare for the three tasks mentioned above the large amount of exhaust gases and especially because of their high temperature Schwieffgk-eiten.

The invention is that the exhaust gases first a mechanical Filtration, then the adsorption effect of inorganic gels and finally the silent combustion with the help of added oxygen and already effective in the cold Contact masses are exposed.

The order in which these actions are taken is from essential. It is desirable to start with the rough mechanical parts from the exhaust gases, otherwise the sensitive adsorption and contact masses would clog so that they too soon become unusable and ineffective will. The adsorption must, in turn, be carried out by the contact masses before the catalysis be made so that they do not pollute and the carbon oxide completely even when they are still cold when the machine starts up.

The adsorptive removal of unburned fuel and gaseous fuel Products of imperfect combustion (except carbon dioxide) bumps because of the high Temperature to special difficulties. You have the use of contact masses of various types already proposed. So should z. B. ceramic Crowds or carbonates and silicates, including bone or charcoal, are used. These However, substances can only support the catalytic effect and are in the catalyst for which they form a solid support structure. So you don't have any essential adsorbing effect on the exhaust gases before they enter the catalytic converter. reach. The use of other adsorbing substances such as lime, gypsum, kaolin or clay has been suggested in a different context. The effect of these substances can but the effect of the inorganic gels in the method according to the invention is not be set equal. The use of inorganic gels, such as; B. silica or Aluminum hydroxide gel is particularly advantageous because these substances also are completely non-flammable and, due to alternating heating or

The effectiveness of the cooling is not impaired. Is the Absorption mass becomes hot when the engine is running for a long time, so it releases the absorbed Substances released again, which then in the meanwhile also heated contact masses to be burned with. This is the absorption mass for the next start of the engine again effective, so that the removal of the unburned fuel and the gaseous products of imperfect combustion (other than carbon dioxide) during the starting of the motor can take place. During this time she is alone Necessary because after heating up enough, they are used to burn carbon Contact substance also these substances are burned with.

Since the invention is about the detoxification of the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and not just about defogging and removing odors from such gases known devices that are only intended to serve this purpose, nothing with the Invention to do. In the case of defogging and odorless, the - most harmful Part of the exhaust gases (the carbon oxide) not removed at all.

The combustion of the carbon dioxide takes place expediently with the help of itself known superoxide-like contact substances (e.g. Hopcalite) instead. The so far The devices used for the combustion of the exhaust gases ignite the suction by suction Atmospheric air made flammable exhaust gas by means of thermal or electrical Ignition. A contact made up of substances containing superoxide has such an ignition not necessary. It also works in the cold, i.e. when the engine starts up.

Contact masses behave similarly if they are easily applied oxygen-releasing oxides on adsorbents, e.g. B. silica gels obtained are. This is where the temperature required to initiate the oxidation by the heat of adsorption of the gases reaches the carrier substance. In both cases mentioned it is to solid, granular masses that. easily accumulate into a layer that offers only a low resistance to the gases flowing through.

It has also been proposed to cool the exhaust gases and wash at the same time. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides the- Cooling of the exhaust gases by filtering over cooled baffles known per se or sieves. However, there is no direct contact between the gases and water instead, so that they are not washed and loaded with water vapor. Such an essential one Cooling down of all exhaust gases as with washing is supposed to be done by filtering over cooled baffles or sieves cannot be reached. It is also not appropriate to cool the exhaust gases before they even enter the filter, as part of their heat to facilitate the combustion of the carbon monoxide they contain must stay. The intensive cooling of the baffles used for filtration or The only purpose of sieves is to remove the Brownian that occurs in the hot exhaust gases To influence and slow down the molecular movement of the individual smoke particles that the smoke particles stick to the surfaces of the filter means.

The drawing illustrates exemplary embodiments of individual parts of devices or an overall device for performing the method according to the invention. - Fig. I and 2 show cooled in a side view and in cross section Baffles.

Fig. 3 and 4 show in side view and in cross section a cooled from Seven existing filters.

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of all the individual parts combined containing device.

The device according to Fig. I and 2 consists of baffles in shape flat tubes I connected at their upper and lower ends by chambers 2 and 3 to each other are connected and by a coolant such as water, cold air or the like. In the direction the arrows 4 shown in Fig. I flow through. Cross out the exhaust fumes the baffles in the direction of arrow 5 according to Fig 2.

The mechanical filter according to Fig. 3 and 4 consists of a close-meshed one Metal sieve 6, on both sides of which pipes 7 are soldered, in an expedient manner, that the rows of tubes cross each other on both sides. Allow connecting pipes 8, the tubes 7 in turn to supply a coolant.

The combined device according to Fig. 5 consists of a housing 9, which is divided into two chambers by a partition 10 partially penetrating it is. The exhaust gases flow through this housing in the direction of the arrow and pass through the U-tube II in and out through the tube 12. In the chamber on the right in Fig. 5 is a device according to the type of Fig. I and 2 with baffles in flat shape cooled tubes I housed.

The exhaust gases occur below the surface after these baffles have been coated Partition 10 into the chamber in Fig. 5 and cross it through from bottom to top initially cooled screens 6 according to the type of Fig. 3 and 4, then an adsorption layer I3 and finally a catalyst layer 14.

Claims (1)

P A T E N T A N S P R U C H: Process for the detoxification of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, characterized in that the exhaust gases first a mechanical Filtration through cooled baffles or sieves, then the adsorption effect inorganic gels and finally the silent combustion with the help of oxygen and exposed to contact masses in the cold.