DE602004019407D1 - Systeme und Verfahren zum nahtlosen Roaming zwischen einem drahtlosen Weiterbereichsnetzwerk und einem drahtlosen lokalen Netzwerk - Google Patents
Systeme und Verfahren zum nahtlosen Roaming zwischen einem drahtlosen Weiterbereichsnetzwerk und einem drahtlosen lokalen NetzwerkInfo
- Publication number
- DE602004019407D1 DE602004019407D1 DE200460019407 DE602004019407T DE602004019407D1 DE 602004019407 D1 DE602004019407 D1 DE 602004019407D1 DE 200460019407 DE200460019407 DE 200460019407 DE 602004019407 T DE602004019407 T DE 602004019407T DE 602004019407 D1 DE602004019407 D1 DE 602004019407D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- wlan
- mobile terminal
- wwan
- wireless
- call
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/18—Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/1066—Session management
- H04L65/1069—Session establishment or de-establishment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
- H04W36/144—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology
- H04W36/1446—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology wherein at least one of the networks is unlicensed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/51—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on terminal or device properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
- H04W80/04—Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNA031223893A CN1549634A (zh) | 2003-05-09 | 2003-05-09 | 用于在无线广域网与无线局域网之间无缝漫游的系统和方法 |
PCT/IB2004/050612 WO2004100452A1 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2004-05-06 | Systems and methods for seamlessly proaming between a wireless wide area network and a wireless local area network |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE602004019407D1 true DE602004019407D1 (de) | 2009-03-26 |
Family
ID=33426292
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE200460019407 Active DE602004019407D1 (de) | 2003-05-09 | 2004-05-06 | Systeme und Verfahren zum nahtlosen Roaming zwischen einem drahtlosen Weiterbereichsnetzwerk und einem drahtlosen lokalen Netzwerk |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8432868B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1625701B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4500803B2 (de) |
CN (2) | CN1549634A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE422761T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE602004019407D1 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI347138B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004100452A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (62)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8996698B1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2015-03-31 | Truphone Limited | Cooperative network for mobile internet access |
US7047036B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2006-05-16 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for handoff between a wireless local area network (WLAN) and a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) |
CN1549634A (zh) | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-24 | �ʼҷ����ֵ��ӹɷ�����˾ | 用于在无线广域网与无线局域网之间无缝漫游的系统和方法 |
TWI351888B (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2011-11-01 | Interdigital Tech Corp | Method of providing wireless telecommunication ser |
TWI471028B (zh) | 2003-11-13 | 2015-01-21 | Interdigital Tech Corp | 有利於交換之方法及無線傳送/接收單元 |
GB2426157B (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2009-03-11 | Research In Motion Ltd | Seamless call switching in a dual mode environment |
CA2559268A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-29 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and system for switching a radio access technology between wireless communicaiton systems with a multi-mode wireless transmit/receive unit |
US7710923B2 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2010-05-04 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | System and method for implementing a media independent handover |
US8145182B2 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2012-03-27 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Supporting emergency calls on a wireless local area network |
US8682279B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2014-03-25 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Supporting emergency calls on a wireless local area network |
KR101122359B1 (ko) | 2004-05-07 | 2012-03-23 | 인터디지탈 테크날러지 코포레이션 | 무선 근거리 통신망의 긴급 호 지원 |
CN1719937A (zh) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-11 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 用于在不同网络之间漫游的方法和电路 |
KR100565682B1 (ko) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-03-29 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 이동통신 단말기를 이용한 통화중 디지털 데이터 전송방법및 전송장치 |
CN100417278C (zh) * | 2004-12-21 | 2008-09-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种语音切换方法 |
US7525954B1 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2009-04-28 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | System and method for asymmetric communications and control in a wireless wide area network |
JP2006238330A (ja) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-09-07 | Sony Corp | 通信システムおよび通信サービス移行方法 |
GB2423888B (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2007-06-06 | Motorola Inc | Wireless communication systems and apparatus and methods and protocols for use therein |
US7546149B2 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2009-06-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Deep sleep mode for portable communication device |
WO2007026267A2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-03-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method and apparatus applied to identification for handover between wireless communication networks |
CN1901737B (zh) * | 2005-07-21 | 2010-06-16 | 智捷科技股份有限公司 | 无线通讯装置基地台切换与资料存取方法 |
WO2007033485A2 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | Research In Motion Limited | Conferencing pstn gateway methods and apparatus to facilitate heterogeneous wireless network handovers for mobile communication devices |
FI20051061A0 (fi) * | 2005-10-21 | 2005-10-21 | Nokia Corp | Vertaisyhteyden luominen |
US8064948B2 (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2011-11-22 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Seamless roaming for dual-mode WiMax/WiFi stations |
US7505446B2 (en) | 2006-01-18 | 2009-03-17 | Research In Motion Limited | Methods and apparatus for use in switching communication operations between a wireless wide area network and a wireless local area network |
KR100809398B1 (ko) | 2006-03-30 | 2008-03-06 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 멀티프로토콜을 지원하는 VoIP에서의 SMS 전송방법 및 그 시스템 |
WO2007124577A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Research In Motion Limited | Wlan and wwan connection migration methods and apparatus |
US20080046580A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-02-21 | Nokia Corporation | Account creation system and call processing system |
US8437757B2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2013-05-07 | Nokia Corporation | Systems for providing peer-to-peer communications |
CN100574230C (zh) * | 2006-08-30 | 2009-12-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 遥控装置、无线家庭网络系统及自动切换播放方法 |
CN101146245B (zh) | 2006-09-11 | 2010-11-10 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 异质网络下推送电子邮件的方法及移动终端和服务器 |
US8095175B2 (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2012-01-10 | Mcmaster University | WLAN-to-WWAN handover methods and apparatus using a WLAN support node having a WWAN interface |
US8279831B2 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2012-10-02 | Snrlabs Corporation | System, method, and computer-readable medium for selecting a network for connectivity and handover based on application requirements |
US8126461B2 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2012-02-28 | Snrlabs Corporation | System, method, and computer-readable medium for user equipment managing multiple radio networks for handover and low-power operations |
US8923852B2 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2014-12-30 | Seven Networks, Inc. | System, method, and computer-readable medium for user equipment decision-making criteria for connectivity and handover |
US8891482B2 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2014-11-18 | Nokia Corporation | Session continuity in communication networks |
CN100525504C (zh) * | 2007-04-03 | 2009-08-05 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | 多种无线网络融合环境中的多媒体会话服务质量管理方法 |
US9295000B2 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2016-03-22 | Kyocera Corporation | Power management in a portable communication device configuration version |
CN101299868B (zh) * | 2007-04-30 | 2014-10-08 | 上海贝尔股份有限公司 | 固定接入网中支持用户终端进行网络接入的方法和装置 |
US8886196B2 (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2014-11-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Service connection apparatus and method in portable terminal |
US20090180440A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-16 | Snrlabs Corporation | Client-Based Multimode Handover in Communication Systems |
CN101635660B (zh) * | 2008-07-23 | 2012-02-01 | 华为终端有限公司 | 链路切换方法、用户驻地设备及链路切换系统 |
CN101340722A (zh) | 2008-08-12 | 2009-01-07 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种通话无缝切换方法和移动终端 |
US20100284284A1 (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-11 | Qualcomm Incorporated | VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VoIP) ACCESS TERMINAL |
JP2011029896A (ja) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-02-10 | Fujitsu Ltd | 遠隔起動システムおよびその方法 |
US8634348B2 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2014-01-21 | Motorola Mobility Llc | Method and system for facilitating wireless communication via alternate wireless pathway |
US8630231B2 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2014-01-14 | Motorola Mobility Llc | Method and system for facilitating wireless communication via alternate wireless pathway |
CN102223625A (zh) * | 2011-03-24 | 2011-10-19 | 浙江师范大学 | 适用于多模移动终端的无线通信方法 |
KR20120132112A (ko) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-05 | 오준수 | 인터넷 주소 정보를 이용한 통신 방법 및 이동식 단말기 |
GB2494644B (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2016-08-17 | Skype | Transmitting data over mulitiple networks |
EP2839716A4 (de) | 2012-03-02 | 2015-12-23 | Seven Networks Llc | Bereitstellung von über eine mobile vorrichtung zugänglichen daten an eine mobile anwendung über verschiedene netzwerkverbindungen ohne unterbrechung sowie mobile vorrichtungen zur weiterleitung einer konnektivität von einer netzwerkverbindung an eine andere netzwerkverbindung ohne unterbrechung in einem anwendungsdatenstrom und verfahren dafür |
US9781589B1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2017-10-03 | Tionesta, Llc | Systems and methods for using roaming transmissions for providing alternate SMS and MMS service across multiple networks |
CN103716849B (zh) * | 2012-10-09 | 2017-08-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种自动切换语音电话业务的方法、装置和系统 |
US9992021B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-06-05 | GoTenna, Inc. | System and method for private and point-to-point communication between computing devices |
CN103281705B (zh) * | 2013-05-29 | 2016-02-17 | 深圳市网信联动通信技术股份有限公司 | 一种wifi站点选址方法及装置 |
KR102106539B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-01 | 2020-05-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 화상 통화동안 비디오 컨텐츠를 인증하는 방법 및 디바이스 |
US9362988B2 (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-06-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | WWAN and WLAN cooperative support of multi-SIM devices |
CN104410648A (zh) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-11 | 北京奇虎科技有限公司 | 基于局域网的VoIP通信方法、系统和通信终端 |
US9251890B1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-02-02 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Bias temperature instability state detection and correction |
US9854482B2 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2017-12-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Controlling a delivery of voice communications over a cellular data network or a wireless network based on user's profile |
US9826380B1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-11-21 | T-Mobile Usa, Inc. | Video over LTE data usage metering |
KR102497570B1 (ko) | 2018-01-18 | 2023-02-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 반도체 장치 |
CN111918290A (zh) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-10 | 歌尔光学科技有限公司 | 头戴显示设备及其网络连接方法、可读存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5350914A (en) * | 1976-10-20 | 1978-05-09 | Toshiba Corp | Aural signal transmission device |
FR2709893B1 (fr) * | 1993-09-06 | 1996-02-16 | Alcatel Mobile Comm France | Procédé de partage de canaux par vol d'intervalles de temps contrôlé dans un système de radiocommunications multiplexées, terminal et infrastructure correspondants. |
GB9907803D0 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 1999-06-02 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Handover in a mobile communication system using conference facility |
US6876738B1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2005-04-05 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Apparatus, method and system for intelligent tandeming of incoming calls to application nodes in telecommunication systems |
EP1336299A1 (de) | 2000-11-08 | 2003-08-20 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum übermitteln eines steuerbefehls |
US6810260B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2004-10-26 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Method and apparatus for automated call-back subscriber service |
US7039027B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2006-05-02 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Automatic and seamless vertical roaming between wireless local area network (WLAN) and wireless wide area network (WWAN) while maintaining an active voice or streaming data connection: systems, methods and program products |
KR100414928B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-05 | 2004-01-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 인터넷 폰에서의 단문 전송 방법 및 그 시스템 |
EP1324550B1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-08-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Tragbares Endgerät mit kombinierter Kommunikation über Funk mit geringer Reichweite für Direktverbindungen und zellularen Mobilfunk |
US7200112B2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2007-04-03 | Winphoria Networks, Inc. | Method, system, and apparatus for a mobile station to sense and select a wireless local area network (WLAN) or a wide area mobile wireless network (WWAN) |
US6842449B2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2005-01-11 | Verisign, Inc. | Method and system for registering and automatically retrieving digital-certificates in voice over internet protocol (VOIP) communications |
US8005070B2 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2011-08-23 | Lon Communication Mgmt. Llc | Extension of a local area phone system to a wide area network with handoff features |
US7206574B2 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2007-04-17 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Automated exchange of broadband communication addresses over a non-broadband channel in a wireless telecommunication system |
CN1549634A (zh) | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-24 | �ʼҷ����ֵ��ӹɷ�����˾ | 用于在无线广域网与无线局域网之间无缝漫游的系统和方法 |
DE60306754T2 (de) * | 2003-05-21 | 2007-07-12 | Siemens S.P.A. | Verfahren zum Herunterladen von Software mit Unterstützung von mobilen Sitzungen in Mobilkommunikationssystemen |
US7414992B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2008-08-19 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing a hand-in to a wireless local area network |
FI20041659A0 (fi) * | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Nokia Corp | Menetelmä liikkeen reitittämiseksi VoIP-päätteeseen matkaviestinjärjestelmässä |
-
2003
- 2003-05-09 CN CNA031223893A patent/CN1549634A/zh active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-03-23 TW TW093107827A patent/TWI347138B/zh active
- 2004-05-06 DE DE200460019407 patent/DE602004019407D1/de active Active
- 2004-05-06 JP JP2006507560A patent/JP4500803B2/ja active Active
- 2004-05-06 CN CN2004800124865A patent/CN1784864B/zh active Active
- 2004-05-06 EP EP20040731438 patent/EP1625701B1/de active Active
- 2004-05-06 WO PCT/IB2004/050612 patent/WO2004100452A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-05-06 US US10/555,676 patent/US8432868B2/en active Active
- 2004-05-06 AT AT04731438T patent/ATE422761T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4500803B2 (ja) | 2010-07-14 |
CN1549634A (zh) | 2004-11-24 |
TWI347138B (en) | 2011-08-11 |
US20070270145A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
EP1625701B1 (de) | 2009-02-11 |
EP1625701A1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
TW200533211A (en) | 2005-10-01 |
JP2006526334A (ja) | 2006-11-16 |
CN1784864A (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
CN1784864B (zh) | 2010-04-28 |
WO2004100452A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
US8432868B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
ATE422761T1 (de) | 2009-02-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE602004019407D1 (de) | Systeme und Verfahren zum nahtlosen Roaming zwischen einem drahtlosen Weiterbereichsnetzwerk und einem drahtlosen lokalen Netzwerk | |
US9648051B2 (en) | System and method for transitioning a communication session between networks that are not commonly controlled | |
CN101305637B (zh) | 电信装置和方法 | |
JP5074210B2 (ja) | 通信方法及び通信システム | |
CN101416547B (zh) | 用于对电路交换到基于因特网协议的话音传输越区切换的电路交换呼叫进行动态锚定的方法及设备 | |
CN101040463B (zh) | 用于连接移动通信网络和无线网络的双模式移动终端的切换系统和方法 | |
KR100958783B1 (ko) | 호를 릴레이하는 방법 및 장치 | |
US7974270B2 (en) | Media route optimization in network communications | |
US8155086B2 (en) | Handover method between systems of multi-mode terminal | |
JP2013514704A (ja) | 回線交換フォールバックの設定時間を改善するための2g/3gネットワークおよびlteにおける並行登録の維持 | |
WO2007033485A3 (en) | Conferencing pstn gateway methods and apparatus to facilitate heterogeneous wireless network handovers for mobile communication devices | |
JP2012010333A (ja) | 複数の無線ネットワーク間のハンドオフの装置及び方法 | |
KR100680749B1 (ko) | 이종 무선 네트워크를 사용하는 셀룰러 통신 시스템에서의핸드오버 장치 및 방법 | |
RU2009111601A (ru) | Система мобильной связи и способ управления связью | |
TW200746849A (en) | Method and apparatus for performing a handoff in an inter-extended service set (I-ESS) | |
KR20130036861A (ko) | 단말 및 그 단말에서 핸드오프 수행 방법 | |
Paisal | Seamless voice over LTE | |
US8837441B2 (en) | Versatile system for WLAN/CDMA2000 interworking | |
KR100811308B1 (ko) | 무선망에서 다자간 실시간 멀티미디어 서비스를 위한단대단 고속 이동성관리 시스템 및 방법 | |
JP5205150B2 (ja) | 呼接続中にアクセス区間を切り替える方法、構内交換装置、端末及びプログラム | |
KR20130097355A (ko) | 다중 패킷 전송 방식을 이용한 심리스 핸드오버 처리방법 | |
CN103096501B (zh) | 基于毫微微基站系统架构的呼叫系统、方法及装置 | |
CN100450298C (zh) | 漫游切换的方法及装置 | |
KR20090043226A (ko) | 통합기지국 및 상기 통합기지국을 이용한 패킷서비스 방법,장치 및 시스템 | |
Yang et al. | The application of UMA technology in communication network teaching |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition |