DE602004011395T2 - JOINT STRUCTURES AND MODULES FOR THIS - Google Patents

Abstract

There is disclosed a flexible sheet structure having improved conformability yet remaining strong and robust. The structure is made up of a plurality of modules that allow relative rotation in both an axis parallel to, the plane and perpendicular to the plane of the sheet when laid flat. This allows the density of the sheet to be locally or globally changed so that improved conformability around complex shapes is provided. There is also disclosed a means for locking and unlocking the modules of the sheet using a locking material in each connection that is activated by the external addition of energy (e.g. heat energy).

Description

The The present invention relates to movable structures, and more particularly Articulated plate assemblies for use in a variety of applications. In particular, the invention relates to movable structures, the more comprise interconnected modules, each module being capable of to turn in relation to his neighbor. After another Viewpoint, the invention relates to a movable structure, the can be selectively locked and unlocked.

Movable structures are known in the art. US 4,484,778 discloses a matrix structure comprising a plurality of two differently shaped components. The first ingredient in 2 and 6 of that document has a central portion surrounded by a plurality of spherical protrusions radiating away from the central portion. The second ingredient in 4 and 7 of that document has a central portion with a corresponding plurality of radially arranged recesses. The spherical projections, when used, engage the recesses in such a manner that a flat plate-like structure can be made in which the neutral axis of the hinge is the spherical projection / recess in the plane of the plate and passes through the center of adjacent modules. The shape of the spherical protrusion and the recesses is such that it is not possible to substantially change the density of the matrix plate while keeping the plate flat. This implies that it is not possible to smoothly round the plate around complex shapes, for example, composite curves that bend simultaneously in two directions, e.g. B. spherical surfaces to form. When it is necessary to make a plate that has a complicated surface profile, it is necessary to remove or add modules to change the density of the plate at localized positions to achieve the correct shape. Removing and adding modules is time consuming and requires a skilled technician.

US 4,367,897 discloses a matrix comprising several modules. The design means that the surface can not be significantly changed while the plate is flat.

US 4,688,853 discloses an adjustable matrix plate also having two different types of modules. The first module provides a plurality of arms capable of detecting a cylinder from one direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of that cylinder. The second module comprises a plurality of cylinders arranged in a ring around the center of the module. In use, each arm of the first module captures a cylinder of an adjacent second module. As with the construction of US '778, this design does not allow the plate to be adapted to complex shapes since it is not possible to change the density of the plate while the plate is flat. It is again necessary to add or remove modules when localized density changes are needed.

GB 2,235,030 discloses a panel assembly having a plurality of identically shaped modules that can slide to and from their immediate neighbors. No articulation is provided to provide for bending the plate out of the plane, and indeed, such bending, if any, is provided only by the inherent flexibility of the material used to make the modules. This feature makes it difficult to match the matrix to complicated shapes, because the matrix can bend out of the plane only by elastic deformation, resulting in a corresponding restoring force that tends to flatten the plate when the adaptive force is removed ,

each The above three documents also disclose the selective locking and Unlock the disk structure. In all three cases, this is done by tightening a screw either on the module or on the connection between reached adjacent modules. Therefore, it is necessary a large number tighten individual screws to a plate of completely flexible too completely rigidly transform. This has the disadvantage of being an experienced Technician needs a long time, especially when you consider that Plate assemblies contain hundreds or even thousands of individual modules can. About that addition, it is necessary a means to find the plate for a long period of time Hold position while the Operation of tightening the screws is performed, which is another Technician or a complicated clamping arrangement may require.

The present invention addresses the above and other problems by providing a flexible plate assembly comprising a plurality of interconnected modules, wherein the plurality of modules are interconnected to permit alteration of the effective area of the plate while the plate remains flat and that movement out of the plane is permitted; and characterized in that the area of the plate can be reduced to 80% or less of its original size while remaining flat, so that the plate can be smoothly adjusted to complex shapes. Preferably, the plurality of modules are interconnected so that each module is able to communicate with respect to an adjacent module to which it is connected. to rotate a first and a second axis, wherein the first axis is parallel to the plane of the flat laid plate, and the second axis is perpendicular to the plane of the flat laid plate.

Of the Circumstance that every module capable is to be an axis parallel to the plane of the flat Plate and around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the flat Rotate plate allows a plate assembly, which is usually flat, adapted to a shape that is in more than one direction bends (eg a spherical one area or another composite curve). This allows for a standard plate construction produced and sold in a flat orientation, and allows the user to view it without the need for module sections to remove or additional Add module sections, simply to the desired shape adapt.

Preferably can be a module in terms of its neighbors over at least the full range from -10 ° to + 10 ° and in particular over the full Range from -20 ° to + 20 °, but preferably around between not more than -60 ° and + 60 ° or in particular between no more than -30 ° and + 30 ° around the axis rotate parallel to the plane of the flat-laid plate.

Preferably can be a module in terms of its neighbors over at least the full range of -10 ° to + 10 °, in particular over the full range from -30 ° to + 30 °, and still better about the full range from -80 ° to + 80 ° around the axis at right angles Turn to the plane of the flat plate.

In a preferred embodiment Each module has multiple nodes and is attached to the modules the inside of the plate of each of its nodes with respective nodes connected by other neighboring modules. Close to the modules the outside need the plate not all of their nodes are connected to the nodes of other modules be. It was found that three and only three knots per Module work well, as well as four and only four nodes. But one single structure may include combinations of modules that are different Numbers of nodes have, and in this way, some Modules with 2, 5 or 6 nodes are used.

The Nodes are preferably at the end of arms, and arms the modules are preferably parallel to the plane of the flat Plate. The node connections between adjacent joints are preferably individual joints such as ball / ball sleeve joints, which, preferably simultaneously, a rotation perpendicular to the plane allow the plate and parallel to the plane of the plate.

It was found to be beneficial in that the single joint is a neutral one Axis (that is, that the joint is centered with respect to its possible rotation), which is essentially 90 ° to the plane the flat-laid plate is aligned. This is not essential, and the neutral axis can be essentially parallel to the plane of the flat plate or at another angle to the plane of the plate.

In an embodiment The invention uses coupling components to adjacent ones To connect modules together. A coupling component can be a relative rotation between the module and the coupling component to allow an axis parallel to the plane of the plate, and can a relative rotation between an adjacent other coupling component to allow an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate. In this Case, the plate comprises two different types of joints, one parallel to the plane of the plate and one perpendicular to the plane Level of the plate. This is an alternative to the first embodiment, in by a single ball / ball joint for all movements is taken care of. The coupling component is preferably a straighter Two node component.

In all embodiments The modules are preferably connected together in order to be in the plane the plate a regular pattern to form closed loops. The closed loops can the means to change the density of the plate in a local provide limited area, since modules that are to the extent each loop contribute to an axis perpendicular to the plane The flat-laid plate can rotate to make the loop a "star" or another closed one To close shape.

Preferably, the effective density (and therefore the area as the mass is retained) of the entire plate or a portion thereof may be altered while the plate remains flat. However, this is not limitative, and the effective area of the entire plate or a part thereof may also be changed while the plate is twisted into any particular shape. It should be noted that increasing the localized effective area in the flat state results in bending the plate out of the flat state, while decreasing the localized effective area in the bent state results in flattening of the plate from a bent position. The ability to change the effective area at localized positions allows the panel to be positioned in a similar manner to a panel rubber-like material over an object adapts, but does not have the disadvantage of rubber, which must be elastically deformed, whereby an undesirable restoring force is caused. The plate of the preferred embodiment may be deformed to assume a particular shape, but will be in a position of static equilibrium (ie, there will be no restoring forces tending to return the plate to its original shape).

In an embodiment is at least one of the modules by a joint with multiple degrees of freedom, which has a neutral axis substantially at 90 ° to the plane the flat-laid plate is aligned with another Module connected.

As well as essentially in 90 ° to Plane of the flat plate is located, the ball / ball sleeve joint is preferably even with its neutral axis substantially at 90 ° to the plane aligned to each module. Preferably, all compounds are in the plate of the kind in which their neutral axes are essentially in 90 ° to the plane the flat-laid plate and / or the flat-laid module are aligned.

The preferred embodiment The invention comprises the features of claim 1.

A other embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of first and second connected components, each first component being linked by a joint which is a relative Rotation about an axis parallel to the plane of the flat plate permitted, connected to a second component, and each second component through a joint, which is a relative rotation around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the flat-laid plate allowed to connect to an adjacent second component.

This Construction allows the plate assembly to complex shapes is adjusted without it being necessary is to add individual modules or remove. He also has the advantage that he has no Ball / socket joints needed. All joints can be created using simple pivots.

In another preferred embodiment According to the invention, each of the modules has first, second and third arms on, with each of the arms regularly from the other two arms is spaced, each arm with a Arm of an adjacent module is connected, so that each module capable of the plate is perpendicular to an axis about its adjacent module to turn to the plane of the flat-laid plate.

Around the problem of cumbersome and complicated manual tightening to address each module of the prior art constructions Another aspect of the present invention provides for this, at least a connection between two modules comprises a barrier material, the is capable at least two states assume that the at least two states a first state, the allows a relative movement of the components, and a second State that at least substantially prevents such movement, involve a transition between the two states through the selective feed is accomplished by energy to the barrier material.

The Use of a barrier material capable of assuming at least two states being a transition (either from locked to unlocked or unlocked to locked) between the two states through the selective feed energy to the barrier material is allowed, if desired that each of the connections between adjacent modules throughout Construction by a single admission with a certain form energy is selectively locked or unlocked. For example For example, the barrier material may be a material that when heated melts and / or softens. In this case, a simple Heating the entire construction suffice to make the transition from locked to unlocked state. It follows, that by simply cooling the body in its construction Position will be locked, although it is not necessary for the invention, that the transition is reversible.

Preferably the first state is a softer state than the second state, for example, the second state is a solid state. The imposition of energy could in the form of heat, for example by direct conduction, convection or radiation, or by the use of microwaves or the like Energy, which is designed to the physical properties of the barrier material, but not of other parts of the module or to modify. Instead of changing the material or the Beginning to change In its phase, the selective blocking can be accomplished by the circumstance that the material has a certain thermal expansion coefficient. In this case, heating up the body will cause that the barrier material expands to prevent relative movement which might otherwise occur between adjacent modules. The Expansion can be by heat or by any other source of energy, for example by electricity in an electro-rheological Material or a piezoelectric material can be provided.

A different possibility is that the energy provided causes a hardening, for example Ultraviolet light that has a chemical composition of one unbound state can harden to a bonded state.

One Another mechanism that can be used is the selective one Introducing a fluid pressure, for example a pneumatic or a hydraulic pressure, which pressure the barrier material either pressurize or depress its pressure, to provide or prevent a lockout function.

For ball / ball sleeve embodiments is located The barrier material is ideal in the area outside the sphere, but inside the ball sleeve in the ball / ball joint. To the blocking ability can improve either the outside of the ball or the Inside of the ball sleeve have substantially flat portions, so that the relative rotation a resistance is offered if the barrier material is not able to change his form. To the blocking ability can still improve one or more grooves may be provided, preferably in the Direction that runs from the base of the ball to the top of the ball to prevent axial rotation about the neutral axis. It is not essential to use grooves, any surface topography, which serves to prevent relative rotation when the barrier material is solidified, will be sufficient.

The same considerations apply if the hinge is a pivot or some other type of Joint as a ball / ball joint is. For a pivot joint, the barrier material between a Shank part and an annular Be part, and can furthermore similar Flats or groove sections used to be a relative To prevent movement as soon as the transition to a locked State has taken place.

Thermoplastic eutectic and thermosetting Materials are all as embodiments of the Barrier material suitable, although other materials at least as well can work well. Especially polymers are good candidates as they are easy to manufacture are and desired Have qualities.

you will understand that any of the methods described herein and selective lock assemblies with any of the embodiments of the movable structure can be combined so that those described herein movable bodies can be selectively locked.

The The present invention is particularly useful when applied to a spinal bandage is applied. The ability of mobile construction, to adapt to complex shapes, allows for a spinal bandage is created, which adapts to the desired body shape, but off an initial one flat piece of material is made. It is not necessary, that the orthopedic-surgical Technician removes or adds modules when the bandage is put on is, and the locking mechanism allows the entire bandage very fast and locked in one process or unlocked. As an example for a bandage application procedure, the plate assembly may initially be microwaves be suspended to unlock it. This will be the temperature The modules themselves do not unduly increase, leaving the plate while they are is loose to the body the patient can be adjusted to provide the desired support. The barrier material will cool off over time, either, of course or with the help of an applied artificial cooling, so that the plate only for a short time in position must be held before it is locked again. The The present invention therefore improves the creation and application the bandage both from the point of view of the patient and of that of the medical professional clearly.

Now will be embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention are described by way of example only, in which

1A shows a perspective view of a portion of a plate of modules in an extended configuration according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

1B shows a perspective view of a portion of a plate of modules in a contracted configuration according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

2 shows a plan view of a plate according to the first embodiment in a configuration in which the plate assembly in its plane is most extended;

3 an alternative plan view of a plate according to the first embodiment shows in a design in which the plate assembly in its plane is pressed together the most;

4 a plan view of six modules of the first embodiment, showing the preferred hexagonal ring structure;

5 the modules of 4 shows, however, are rotated so that the total density is increased and the ring structure is closed;

6 a cross-sectional view along in 4 shown line CC shows when the modules 120 and 130 are arranged neutral with respect to an axis in the plane of the flexible plate;

7 a cross-sectional view shows that of 6 similar, but with the module 120 rotated about an axis lying in the plane of the flexible plate and perpendicular to the side;

8th the flexible plate of the first embodiment is adapted to fit around the surface of a cylinder;

9 the flexible plate of the first embodiment is fitted around the surface of a hemisphere;

10A and 10B show two configurations of two modules of a second embodiment of the invention;

11A and 11B each show six modules of a third embodiment of the invention;

12A and 12B show two configurations of two modules of a fourth embodiment of the invention;

13 a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the invention;

14 Figure 3 is a perspective view of two modules of a sixth embodiment of the invention;

15A to 15C show a plate comprising modules of the sixth embodiment of the invention as it expands from its closed state to its open state;

16A to 16C four modules of the sixth embodiment of the present invention show and illustrate how the plate expands from its closed state to its open state to provide 200% extension;

17 a neutral axis, which is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the flexible plate, schematically shows;

18 a neutral axis, which is arranged parallel to the plane of the flexible plate, schematically shows;

19 shows a seventh embodiment of the invention;

20A to 20F schematically shows a plate assembly using only four nodes for each module;

21 shows a cross-sectional view through a ball according to an embodiment of the invention;

22 a cross-sectional view through a module comprising two ball sleeves, each ball sleeve containing a ball, according to an embodiment of the invention;

23 a cross-sectional view through a module comprising two ball sleeves, each ball sleeve containing a ball, according to an embodiment of the invention;

24 a cross-sectional view through a module comprising two ball sleeves, each ball sleeve containing a ball, according to an embodiment of the invention;

25 a cross-sectional view through a module comprising two ball sleeves, each ball sleeve containing a ball, according to an embodiment of the invention;

26 a cross-sectional view through a module comprising two ball sleeves, each ball sleeve containing a ball, according to an embodiment of the invention;

27 a cross-sectional view through a module comprising two ball sleeves, each ball sleeve containing a ball, according to an embodiment of the invention; and

28 shows a flexible plate according to the present invention, which has been shaped in the shape of a spinal bandage and covered with a skin material.

1a and 1B Figures are perspective views of a first embodiment of the present invention. 1A shows the construction in a flat, extended form, and 1B shows the structure in a flat, compressed form. As can be seen, the plate assembly includes 100 several modules 102 wherein each module has three equally spaced arms 104 (ie, spaced at 120 ° intervals in the same plane) and one half of a joint at the end of each arm 106 comprising a ball and a ball sleeve. All modules have the same shape, and all seem to be visually identical to the first block. But there are actually two different types of modules in the plate; a first type which at the end of each arm is a hemisphere of a ball / socket joint 106 carries, and a second kind, the one ball sleeve half of the ball / ball joint at the end of each arm 106 wearing. However, this is the case only for convenience of manufacture, and it is not important to the invention that each module carry only one type of ball / socket joint half.

The modules of the plates are preferably arranged in a regular pattern, as in the plan view of 2 is shown (ie, the plane of the plate is parallel to the plane of the page). As can be seen, every arm is 104 every module 102 with one arm 104 an adjacent module 102 connected. Because every module 102 three arms 104 has, rejects each module 102 usually three adjacent modules. As in 1A and 2 As shown, each arm of each module is parallel to the connecting arm of each adjacent module and this results in the flexible panel being in its most extended configuration. In this embodiment, the connection is such that the connecting modules are not in the same plane and each module is in a different plane to its three closest neighbors. There are therefore two separate levels of modules. This is perhaps best in 1A and 1B seen. The two levels that contain the two sets of modules are the length of the connection 106 spaced, which is about 6 mm in this embodiment. The links are preferably ball / socket joints with their neutral axis in a direction perpendicular to the side (and thus also perpendicular to the two planes of modules while the plate remains flat). The "neutral axis" of the ball / socket joint is defined as the axis at which the ball is centered in the ball sleeve, so the neutral axis is the center of the entire ball / ball joint range of motion, as will be described later on 14 and 15 described in more detail.

In the 1A and 2 In other words, this position is the one in which the density of the disk is the lowest (this can be visually confirmed by noting that there is a disk in the disk) Number of open hexagonal "rings").

In use, the density of the plate, or only a portion thereof, may be increased while remaining flat by rotating some of the ball / socket joints about axes perpendicular to the plane of the plate, that is, about their neutral axes. 1B and 3 show the result of such rotation in the case where all modules are rotated with respect to their neighbors by (and only around) an axis perpendicular to the plane of the disk. As can be seen, the total density of the plate is greatly increased (and therefore the total area of the plate is greatly reduced). The geometry of the present embodiment provides such a reduction in area that when the plate is most strongly compressed, the area of the plate is about 70% of the area of the same plate when it is most extended.

4 and 5 show a close-up of the area in 2 as "A" or in 3 marked as "B." These figures are used to further explain the mechanism of density reduction.

A single "ring" of construction is in 4 shown. The "ring" is actually hexagonal due to the fact that it is bounded by six modules each having equidistant arms 120 are located in a different level than modules that with 130 are designated. As discussed above, these two planes are parallel when the flexible plate is laid flat. In the arrangement in 4 is shown, the centroid of each module is located as far as possible from the centroid of each of the other modules in the panel. No module can be further separated from any other module, and it follows that the disk is at its lowest density point.

If you have the in 4 and 5 It will be seen that the increase in density is achieved by bringing the node connection points b, d, f to the center of the "ring", as shown in the shown node connection points a, b, c, d, f .. The position of the remaining node connections a, c, e remains relatively static during this movement, as in 5 is shown. It will therefore be apparent that the modules are able to rotate so that they "close" to occupy the space in the middle of the ring that was not previously occupied.

The above-discussed relative rotation of adjacent modules about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the flat-laid plate to reduce the density of the entire plate or a part thereof is only one movement that this embodiment of the flexible plate is capable of performing. The ball / ball sleeve joint 106 This embodiment is also capable of allowing relative movement between modules about any axis parallel to the plane of the plate.

6 and 7 show two cross-sectional views of the ball / ball joint 106 along the in 4 seen line CC seen. As can be seen, the ball is located 108 so in the sleeve 110 that she can not escape by pulling vertically. The ball can be around the neutral axis 150 of the ball / ball joint (to provide the above-discussed rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate), and the ball may also rotate about other axes in the ball sleeve.

In 6 the joint of the ball and the ball sleeve is in its "neutral" state, and it can be seen that the hinge is formed to have an equal amount of rotation (in this case about 20 °) about any axis parallel to the plane the plate allowed.

You will understand that the ball 108 is not completely spherical, but is partially cut off, at its base a substantially flat section 112 to leave. In the same way is the ball sleeve 110 partially filled to a substantially flat section at its base 114 to leave, although this flat spot 114 not so close to the middle 116 the ball is located as the flat 112 the ball. These flat sections 112 / 114 are optional and do not need to be deployed. However, you can help to block the setup, as described later. The term "ball / ball joint" is intended as in 6 and 7 illustrated ball sleeves with flat portions as well as conventional ball sleeves, in which the engaging parts of the ball and the ball sleeve are spherical, and in fact any ball sleeve, in which one part performs the function of the ball and another part performs the function of a ball sleeve cover. In all embodiments, any joints with multiple (eg, 2, 3, or more) degrees of freedom may be used, with the ball / socket joint being one example.

7 shows the position of the modules after the module 120 in terms of the module 130 about an axis perpendicular to the side (ie, an axis parallel to the plane of the plate of the flexible structure) was rotated. It can be seen that the module 120 is able to rotate about 20 ° around this axis. In the same way, rotation in the other direction about the same axis is possible up to a maximum of about 20 °. It has been found that this is appropriate to accommodate to complex shapes without compromising the mechanical strength of the joint.

This movement about an axis parallel to the plane of the plate allows the plate to be bent around simple shapes such as cylinders, as in FIG 8th is shown. In 8th only one degree of freedom of the ball / socket joint has been used to accommodate the cylindrical surface, and adaptation to simple shapes such as these can generally be achieved by relatively merely moving the modules about an axis in the plane of the plate to each other.

The however, the present invention finds the highest utility when it to adapt to complicated shapes, for example the body shape of a patient in need of a spinal bandage becomes. if desired is to adapt the plate to a complex shape, become more degrees of freedom the joint is used simultaneously, and in particular, simultaneously with the rotation about an axis parallel to the plane of the plate a rotation perpendicular to the plane of the plate.

9 shows a plate according to the first embodiment, which is adapted to the surface of a hemisphere. It will be understood that this is done by pressing the initially flat plate of 3 around the hemisphere was reached. In this pressing, the density of the plate in the middle of the plate (ie, at the top of 9 ) locally reduced, while the density near the outer edges of the plate (to the bottom of 9 ) stays high. Therefore there 9 an example of a localized change in the density of the plate that allowed it to adapt to a complex shape.

The Modules of this embodiment are preferably made of injection molded plastic. Any suitable plastic material can be used and it has been found that polyamide (nylon) and polycarbonate adequate Perform.

Each module can be made from a flat three-arm plastic element, as in 1 and 2 is shown. The thickness of the element may be any suitable value, e.g. 0.1 to 5 mm, although a thickness of about 2 mm has been found to provide a good compromise between strength, lightness and conformability. The length of each arm 104 from the center of the module to the center of rotation of the ball / socket joint at the end of the arm may also take any suitable value, e.g. B. 5 to 50 mm. It has been found that an arm length of 8 mm allows the structure to move around most practical shapes. As in 1 and 2 As shown, the arms may have a constant width along their length and may be used at their terminal ends for safety reasons (to prevent sharp corners) and to allow the structure to close more tightly (as in FIG 3 shown), rounded off. This width may take any suitable value, e.g. 2 to 20 mm, and it has been found that 7 mm performs well. Therefore, the in 1 structure shown advantageous a module thickness of 2 mm, an arm width of 7 mm and one arm length (ie, the distance from the center of the module to the center of rotation of the joint) of 8 mm. The two "layers" of modules 120 . 130 may be separated (from center to center) by an amount chosen to define the entire thickness of the panel assembly, for example, a separation of 8 mm will result in a total thickness of 10 mm when using 2 mm thick modules become. If each of the flat modules is 2 mm thick, a separation of the two layers of 8 mm can be achieved by choosing ball / socket joints having a longitudinal length (ie, a length in the direction of the neutral axis) of 6 mm exhibit. The balls of the ball / ball joint can have any suitable diameter, z. B. 1 to 10 mm. In the 1 shown balls have a diameter of 3 mm.

Every module 102 can be injection molded from plastic so that the ball or the ball sleeve half of the ball / ball joint joint is integral with the flat part of the module. In this case, two types of modules can be made; a first module with three ball and socket joints and a second module with three ball joints. In this case (as in 1 and 4 shown) forms the first module 120 a "layer" of the plate, and forms the second module 130 the other "layer" of the plate.

alternative can many similar Module formed separately from the two halves of the ball / the ball sleeve and can fit the matching ball / socket half the flat standard module element can be glued or attached to another Be tied to it.

10A and 10B show a second embodiment of the modules 200 . 220 wherein, instead of having a single ball / socket joint for each arm of a module, two such ball / socket joints are provided by a double sided ball joint 202 . 222 is used and the end of each modular with a connecting ball sleeve 204 . 224 is provided. This allows all modules 202 be made identically, whereby the production efficiency is increased. This embodiment will also theoretically allow for more movement (ie, greater than 20 ° in either direction) about axes parallel to the plane of the plate without compromising mechanical strength. The mechanism of movement is for practical purposes essentially as described for the first embodiment.

In 10 Two alternative modular forms are shown. In 10A The center of the module has a hollow ring construction. This maximizes strength while reducing weight. 10B shows a slimmer module. Any type of module can only be used in a single disk, or the different modules can be used together in the same disk. In both cases, the modules have rounded and smooth edges for ease of handling.

In 11A and 11B a third embodiment is shown. The movement of the modules of the flexible plate in this embodiment is substantially the same as the movement of the modules in the first and in the second embodiment. But in this embodiment, there are two fairly distinct modules; a first module 160 with three equally spaced arms and a ball element located at the end of each arm; and a second module 170 of triangular formation consisting of two parallel plates connected in the middle (eg by screws or glue) and the balls of the first module 160 grab at the corners. The gripping takes place such that relative rotation between the first and second modules is permitted both about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate and about an axis parallel to the plane of the plate. Out 11 will be apparent that the module 160 about 180 ° about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate with respect to the module 170 can move. The diameter of the balls compared to the thickness of the arms determines the amount of movement that can be achieved about axes parallel to the plane of the plate. Preferably, a rotation of at least 10 ° in each direction is possible, and preferably no more than 60 ° in each direction is allowed to preserve the structural strength of the arms, which should not be too thin. This embodiment has the advantage that thanks to the fixed triangular modules 170 simulating a continuous surface better. It will also be appreciated that the "neutral axis" of the ball / socket joints is in the plane of the flat flexible plate, which will be discussed in more detail later.

12A and 12B show a fourth embodiment, which generally has a similar construction as that of 11 having. In this embodiment, however, the two modules have a similar shape to each other, and they have arms that correspond to the in 11 shown triangular module 170 correspond closer. In both this and the third embodiment, the neutral axis for each of the ball / socket joints is in the plane of the plate. The construction of 12B is that of 12A very similar, except that the first modules of 12B at the point where they grasp the balls of the second module, have through holes.

13 shows a fifth embodiment. In this embodiment, the two modules 180 . 190 very different shapes. The first module 180 is annular or donut-shaped and has three spherical recesses, which are uniformly spaced around its circumference. The second module 190 is straight and has two generally spherical balls at both ends, so that it is dumbbell-shaped. The ball at the end of the second module 190 is suitable for use in 13 way shown in the spherical recess in the first module 180 to fit. The ball / ball joint allows movement by several degrees of freedom, and therefore all movements of the first to fourth embodiments are possible. In addition, due to the fact that there are twice as many ball / ball joint joints as in the first embodiment, additional movements are available.

14 shows two modules of a sixth embodiment of the invention. Each module has four nodes located on arms that extend vertically in the plane of the plate from an elongated "spine." The nodes extend out of the plane of the plate, the nodes extending from arms at one end of the plate The module is therefore substantially I-shaped, to provide expansion in the plane the distance between the nodes at one end of the spine is smaller as the length of the spine minus the width of one of the arms This allows a module to rotate 180 degrees in the plane with respect to its adjacent module.

15A and 16A show a part of a plate comprising the modules of the sixth embodiment in a closed arrangement. This embodiment has the advantage that the modules are arranged in a mosaic-that is, that they fit together and leave no gaps between them. Therefore, the plate of 15A a substantially flat surface that has no gaps or holes. 15B shows the plate when stretched slightly in the plane. Each module has turned around 45 degrees with respect to its neighbor. As a result, parallelogram-shaped "holes" appear in the plate - these are in 16B obvious.

15C and 16C show the disk when each module has rotated 90 degrees with respect to its neighbor. In this position, the plate is in its most extended state and the plate is twice as large as the plate of 15A , At this point, the holes between the modules are substantially rectangular and have their largest possible area. Continued relative rotation of the modules will cause the panel to close in on itself to assume its closed position.

16A and 16C show some preferred dimensions for the modules of the plate in millimeters.

As in the other embodiments allows the sixth embodiment as well as an expansion in the plane also a movement out of the Level, allowing the plate to be adjusted to non-flat shapes can. To achieve this, ball / socket joints are made at the node used that a certain rotation about axes in the plane of the flat allow designed plate. The ball / ball joint joints are preferred arranged so that its neutral axis perpendicular to the plane of the flat laid plate runs. As with the other embodiments can other joints than ball / ball sleeve joints used, the extent of rotation in the plane and the rotation out of the plane according to the desired qualities of Plate selected becomes.

17 and 18 illustrate in more detail how the orientation of the ball / socket joint in each of the embodiments may differ. In the first embodiment, the neutral axis is perpendicular to the plane of the plate. This is in 17 illustrated. As in

17 As shown, the ball / socket joint is in its "neutral" position so that the ball can rotate in the particular direction by an equal amount in the ball bushing It will be understood that the ball was inserted vertically into the ball bushing, and it should be clear that the neutral axis of the ball / socket joint in 17 therefore it is vertical.

18 shows an alternative design (for example, those of the third, fourth and fifth embodiment), wherein the ball was inserted horizontally into the ball socket. The ball is again 108 in its neutral position with respect to the ball sleeve 110 shown. One will understand that the neutral axis for the design of 18 lies in the plane of the plate.

It should be noted that the plane of the plate for both 17 as well as 18 parallel to line XX and perpendicular to the side.

19 shows a seventh embodiment of the invention Unlike the first to sixth embodiments, this embodiment does not use a ball / socket joint to connect the modules together. Instead, two separate pivot joints are used. A first Pivot link 304 should provide the necessary movement about an axis parallel to the plane of the plate, and a second pivot joint 306 should provide the necessary movement about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate.

A first module 300 the plate points as in 19 showed three equally spaced arms. With each arm is a coupling component 302 connected, which is generally straight and has at each end to each other right-angled pivot joints. The pivot connection 304 between the module 300 and the coupling component 302 is such that there is relative movement about an axis parallel to the plane of the plate and both the plane of the module 300 as well as that of the coupling component 302 is common. A movement around this pivot 304 allows the plate to be bent around objects. The coupling component 302 is about the pivot connection 306 by an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate with another coupling component 302 connected. Relative movement about this axis allows the density of the plate to be regulated. How to get out 19 understand is every module 300 with three separate coupling components 302 connected, and is each coupling component 302 at one end with a module 300 and at the other end with a different coupling component 302 connected. The modules are connected to each other in the same repeating pattern as described above for the first to sixth embodiments to provide the generally hexagonal "ring" construction, which can be visualized by noting that the module 300 that about trunnions 304 with three coupling components 302 connected in the same way as a single module 102 the first embodiment acts. That is, such a module 300 may be in relation to other modules 300 both to move axes at right angles and axes parallel to the plane of the flexible plate.

Preferably, the coupling component 302 as in 19 shown a yoke using a tension pin to create a pivot joint 304 with one arm of a module 300 connected is. The other end of the coupling component 302 is preferably using a splint to provide a pivot connection 306 with a similar coupling component 302 connected.

As with the other embodiments, the modules may take on any suitable size depending on the application for which they are being used. The coupling components 302 For example, between the rectangular axis may have a length of 5 to 50 mm, for example 18 mm, and may have a thickness of 1 to 30 mm, for example 10 mm. As in 19 As shown, the width need not be constant, although it is preferably in the range of 3 to 50 mm, and preferably less than 25 mm. The module 300 may be of similar dimensions as in the first embodiment, except that it will generally have to be much thicker in order to increase the thickness of the pivot 304 accommodate. To ensure a uniform plate thickness, the module can 300 the same thickness as the coupling component 302 have, for example, 10 mm. The module 300 preferably has an arm length of 8 mm and an arm width of 5 mm.

The hexagonal "ring" construction is a result of the use of modules with three equidistant arms, and if modules with different numbers of arms are used, the ring will have a different shape 20 the mechanism of density change in the plane of the plate, if any module 350 four nodes 360 has, schematically. In this case, the "ring" is square, for other numbers of nodes and shapes of the module, the "ring" will be shaped differently. Nevertheless, the "ring" will be marked as an area free of any modules.

20A shows a design in which all of the modules 350 spaced to the maximum extent of their neighbors. This is the design with the lowest density and the largest area. 20B to 20D show steps in the relative movement of the modules from the most expanded state of the plate to the most closed state of the plate in 20E is shown. It will be appreciated that the expanded plate has about twice the area of the unexpanded plate. 20F shows a larger plate portion between the expanded and unexpanded modes.

Now Another aspect of the present invention will be described in which a movable feature is selectively locked and unlocked can be. In general, this aspect of the invention includes the use of a "blocking material", that is, one Materials that are involved in or with the elimination of external energy in some way. This change For example, it may take the form of a phase change, a chemical change or a resizing be. The barrier material is preferably located directly next to certain parts of the joints of a body to influence whether a movement in the joint is easily possible or not.

The following examples are for a Ku gel / ball joint, although it will be understood that the idea can be extended to any type of joint, such as pivot joints. In particular, the lockout aspect of the invention may include the locking systems described in the prior art documents discussed above (e.g. US 4,484,778 ) are replaced.

6 shows a cross-sectional view of a ball / ball sleeve joint. As already described, the ball has a flat section 112 on, and has the ball sleeve a flat portion 114 so that there is a space between the end of the ball and the bottom of the ball sleeve. When the ball from the position in 6 in the position in 7 turns, the shape of this room changes. In this room can be a barrier material 400 be provided, and will serve the in 6 and 7 to prevent rotation when it is caused to be stuck at any given time. However, if the barrier material is caused to be fluid, rotation will again be possible.

A preferred embodiment a barrier material is a thermoplastic polymer. Such a thing Material can be set up so that it is "soft" at room temperature and therefore practical fluid, but at a lower temperature "solidifies and therefore practical is fixed. The joints can then be locked by simply reducing its temperature. Alternatively, the thermoplastic polymer can be set up that it is practically solid at room temperature, but at a higher temperature is practically fluid, in which case the joints by increasing the Temperature (i.e., heating of the joints or the entire structure) can be unlocked. It is not necessary, that the thermoplastic polymer undergoes a phase change in the strict sense of the art Word learns - what is needed is that viscosity the barrier material is changed to a sufficient degree, that the movement in the "unlocked" state is easily possible and in the "locked" state is easily impossible. Therefore, it is the relative viscosity between the locked and the unlocked state, which is more significant, whether a phase change has taken place or not.

As an alternative, or in addition to a "grafting" of a barrier material between the bottom of the ball sleeve and the end of the ball may be a barrier material 400 be applied as a thin coating around the ball and inside the ball sleeve. In order to provide the necessary blocking function, around the ball 108 grooves 402 be arranged and around the ball sleeve 110 grooves 404 be arranged as in 21 is shown to inhibit or prevent movement of the joint once the barrier material is no longer sufficiently fluid. The grooves are arranged so that they are aligned with a plane perpendicular to the neutral axis of the joint.

However, additional or alternative grooves may be aligned with planes parallel to the neutral axis to inhibit or prevent movement of the joint about the neutral axis. The shape of the grooves is not very important. 21 shows round profile grooves at the top and triangular profile grooves at the bottom. Of course, in a practical embodiment, the grooves will have the same profile around the ball and the ball sleeve. Any topographic feature may be used to achieve the lock function, and grooves should not be considered as limiting. For example, pins, recesses, bristles and surface roughness may be used.

With reference to 6 can in the ball sleeve a pin shape, which includes a cylindrical recess, parallel to the neutral axis 150 be formed. This conical shape can be used either in the in 6 shown ball sleeve can be used with a flat end or in an internally spherical ball sleeve. This pin recess is with the locking material 400 filled and will serve to prevent rotation around all other axes than the neutral axis 150 to reinforce. To prevent rotation about the neutral axis, grooves aligned with planes parallel to this axis can be placed around the ball as described above. The trunnion recess may alternatively be in the ball instead of in the ball socket and need not be aligned with the neutral axis. For example, it may be offset or aligned with some other axis.

The material that defines either the ball or the ball sleeve could be the barrier material 400 be. For example, the entire ball 108 be made of a thermoplastic material that becomes fluid at high temperatures. In this condition, the structure can move, and the shape of the ball / ball sleeve can be set so that movement is not possible once the temperature is lowered.

This Locking concept can also apply to other joints such as pivot joints be applied. As with the contact surfaces of the above ball / ball joint can the contact surfaces of the Trunnion or other joint cylindrical or polyhedral grooves having recessed therein. Alternatively or additionally, flat Includes sections so that the barrier material can be capable has to change its shape, before a relative movement can take place.

All, Some, or just one of the joints in a build can go through selective feeding the energy to all, some, or only one of the joints locked or unlocked. It usually becomes a simple matter its energy at the same time to all the joints of a construction supply, which makes unlocking / locking very quick and easy.

The above example suggests the use of heat to heat the barrier material and fluid close. This heat can be by any known means including Hot water baths, hot air guns and stoves to be provided. Furthermore, the heat can be affected by the action be provided by microwaves, and this option is for cases in which it does not want or necessary, the actual Heating structure of the flexible matrix, especially attractive. The Barrier material can be made of a microwave-sensitive material (for example by doping a thermoplastic polymer with carbon), so that the barrier material against a Heating is much more sensitive than the surrounding construction, if one Exposure to microwaves.

Some alternative locking mechanisms are in 22 to 27 shown schematically. Although these figures show ball / socket joints, it should be noted that the locking mechanism can be applied to any type of connection between modules. Further, the concepts may be applied to single joints or multiple joints (eg, as shown, two joints).

22 shows an example of a thermomechanically induced shape change. In this example, the ball is 108 made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, has the barrier material 400 a high coefficient of thermal expansion, and has the ball sleeve 110 a mean thermal expansion coefficient. When subjected to heat, the barrier material will expand the most, the ball will expand the least, and the ball sleeve will expand to an extent between the two. Therefore, as a result of this expansion, a force will be created between the ball and the ball sleeve, which tends to increase the friction between both the locking material and the ball sleeve and between the locking material and the ball. This in turn serves to prevent a practical rotation of the ball in the ball sleeve. As in 22 shown the necessary heat can be provided by an element which passes through the barrier material and is energized by a wire through the entire structure.

23 shows an example of an electromechanically induced shape change. In this case, a piezoelectric or other electroreactive material becomes a barrier material 400 used. In the relaxed state point both the ball 108 as well as the locking material interlocking grooves or corrugations, so that a relative rotation is prevented. In providing an electrical current, the piezoelectric barrier material may be made to move in such a manner that the grooves or corrugations are released and it is for the ball 108 becomes possible in the ball sleeve 110 to move.

24 shows the use of an electro- or magneto-rheological fluid 420 in the ball sleeve 110 which can clamp a paddle to a rod and inhibit or prevent its movement by a fluid in the module. As in 24 You can see that each of the balls is visible 108 with at least one (two in 24 ) Paddle 410 Mistake. When the electro-rheological fluid 420 in its fluid state (which is usually its resting state), the balls can rotate as the paddles turn 410 (albeit with a virtually insignificant resistance) through the fluid 420 can move. When an electric current to the electro-rheological fluid 420 is applied, it "freezes" in a sense, and it is the paddles 410 no longer practically possible to move, causing the bullets 108 be clamped in their place and the structure is locked.

25 shows an example of a chemical-mechanical blocking. In this case, between the ball 108 and the ball sleeve 110 an adhesive cross-linking barrier material 402 used. The barrier material preferably has reversible adhesive bonds and may be as shown in FIG 25 shown in conjunction with a piezoelectric material 404 be used. The piezoelectric material 404 may be adapted to vibrate at a frequency sufficient to bind the molecules of the adhesive 402 to stimulate and thereby increase their temperature and harden the adhesive 402 to cause. The effect may be temporary or permanent, depending on the materials used.

26 shows an example of a pneumatic-mechanical lock. As in 26 shown consists of the ball 108 from a porous material that has a fairly high resistance to fluid flow. The impingement of the ball 108 with compressed air will therefore serve to expand the ball, creating a rubbing fit of the ball 108 in the ball sleeve 110 is created. This tends to lock the ball in its place. The air may be sucked out of the ball or allowed to leak around the ball together to retrain and allow another movement. Alternatively, the ball can be made with a press fit in the ball sleeve and air sucked to allow movement.

27 shows an example of a hydraulic-mechanical lock. In this case, the ball sleeve material 110 made porous and caused to expand by the provision of a pressurized liquid. As in 27 shown serves such expansion to the ball sleeve 110 against the ball 108 to pinch to block a movement.

An alternative to the embodiment of 24 is in the ball sleeve 110 to use a thixotropic or rheopex fluid. If a thixotropic fluid is used, the fluid will be more viscous (sheared) under a low shear stress and less viscous (unlocked) under a higher shear stress. As a result, the structure will appear to be locked when it is exerted low forces, but appear under high forces as unlocked. This is useful for structures that are designed to break under certain forces.

One Rheopexes fluid leads the opposite function by putting it under a high shear stress will be more viscous (locked) and under a low shear stress less viscous (unlocked) will be. This is a special promising shockproof Construction ready as the structure is more resistant to high forces as opposed low forces. Therefore, a structure that is below normal can be provided Use is flexible, but stiffened at a shock.

For all embodiments The blocking may be reversible depending on the circumstances be or not. For some applications may just be necessary to build once to lock or unlock, and in this case is reversibility the blocking is not a precondition. But many of the above embodiments allow reversible structures to be provided, thereby the structure is made reusable. Reversibility is provided by taking care of it becomes that the barrier material capable is, several times between the states (solid / fluid, expanded / compressed, sticky / not sticky, etc.) to change back and forth.

A Combination of reversible and irreversible locking mechanisms can be used in the same setup. Thus, a UV-curable Adhesive together with one of the reversible barrier materials (eg. As a thermoplastic polymer) on the interface between the ball and the ball sleeve be applied. The resulting structure can be heated to liquefy the thermoplastic barrier material and to move the joints so that the structure can be molded into position. Of the Construction can then be cooled down a bit but to essentially solidify the construction, but after as if to allow some movement, albeit with one Frictional resistance. Then, finally, to the construction of his Place to lock as soon as fine changes were made, a UV light turned on to the adhesive to harden and permanently block the structure. This has the advantage that further increases the temperature does not make the construction pliable again. The modules can be made transparent to allow the UV light the hardenable Adhesive achieved.

In the embodiments described above activating the active material in the joint makes the joint for one given period until the activation energy is consumed is. For example, heating of the active material may allow that the joint is for moves a limited amount of time, until the joint cools down. The active material may, instead of allowing a movement or to prevent, in addition or alternatively, be used to perform a binding or debinding function provide. Such joints can be designed so that they have an active material that binds or activates upon activation Having debinding properties. For example, a joint can be designed be that two or more materials binds to each other, and that releasing the two materials upon delivery of energy. The reverse is also possible where the active material does not abut the two materials binds until energy is supplied becomes at which point a bond is created. As with all embodiments This invention is applicable to more than just ball / ball joint joints and can be the active material, for example, as a filling in be used a sandwich-like structure, the two flat materials binds to each other. Pressure can be used to change the material So activate that bond between the two layers is created when pressure is applied.

Everyone The locking mechanism may be any of those described herein movable structures are applied. The locking mechanisms can also applied to prior art constructions, including flexible panels become.

28 shows a particularly promising application of the present technology - a spinal bandage. These bandages offer a support for spines that are deformed, and are usually used for one to two years. They experience variable and often cyclical pressures. Such bandages have conventionally been made from a solid piece of high density polyethylene material which is heated to 160 ° C to make it pliable and molded around a model while in this bendable position. This has the disadvantage that a shape of the patient's body must be taken to create the model before the bandage can be applied. This makes the process of applying the bandage slow and expensive.

In 28 The flexible panel construction in the figure shows a portion of the epidermis cut away, showing the panel abutment skeleton and the internal skin behind it, and the skin allows the bandage to be sensitive Body parts may be used without causing discomfort or irritation As an alternative to using skins, a gel, foam or other fluid may be poured over the flexible assembly to encapsulate it once the flexible assembly has been locked in place Polyurethane or polypropylene foam may be used, allowing the fluid to harden hard provides the assembly with further rigidity to make it a durable spinal bandage Alternatively, the gel may be configured to cure but after In this case, a spinal bandage with a f orelaufenden surface can be provided, but can still be regulated by unlocking the modules in one of the ways described above. The coatings and coatings can be used with any of the structures disclosed herein and for any application (not just spinal bandages).

• 1. Die hohe Anpassungsfähigkeit des biegsamen Plattenaufbaus bei niedrigen Temperaturen bedeutet, dass eine anfänglich flache Platte ohne die Notwendigkeit, Formen und Modelle herzustellen, und ohne die Notwendigkeit, jegliche Module zu entfernen oder neue Module hinzuzufügen, direkt um den Körper eines Patienten angepasst werden kann. Dies bedeutet, dass durch den Arzt ein Vorrat an flachen rechteckigen Platten unterhalten werden kann und jede beliebige davon an jedem beliebigen Patienten verwendet werden kann. Sobald die Platte in ihre Position angepasst wurde, kann sie einfach und schnell gesperrt werden, ohne dass eine anstrengende Sperrtätigkeit der einzelnen Module erduldet werden muss. Zum Beispiel kann eine flache Platte mit einer Heißluftpistole bestrahlt werden, um sie biegsam zu machen, kann sie um den Körper des Patienten geformt werden, während sie sich nach wie vor im biegsamen Modus befindet, und kann ihr eine natürliche Abkühlung gestattet werden, damit sie starr wird und eine Wirbelsäulenstützfunktion durchführt. Dies alles kann mit einer anfänglich flachen Standardplatte in einem sehr kurzen Zeitraum und ohne anstrengende und mühsame Festzieh- oder Lockerungsschritte durchgeführt werden.
• 2. Die sich ergebende Bandage wird viele Jahre lang halten, und falls jegliche Regulierungen benötigt werden (wie es bei Bandagen für Kinder der Fall sein wird), können diese schnell und leicht vorgenommen werden. Ferner ist das Bandagenmaterial sauber und sicher und bietet es keine Gesundheitsgefährdung für den Patienten. Die Bandage ist auch ausreichend starr, um die erforderlichen Lasten zu tragen, und wird in ihrer Form verbleiben, sobald sie gesperrt ist.
• 3. Um die Bequemlichkeit zu erhöhen, kann der biegsame Aufbau ausgepolstert, abgedeckt oder gepolstert werden, damit der biegsame Aufbau als ein bequemes Endoskelett wirkt.

The use of the present invention in a spinal bandage is advantageous for a number of reasons, including the three discussed in detail below.

• 1. The high adaptability of the flexible panel construction at low temperatures means that an initially flat panel without the need to fabricate forms and models, and without the need to remove any modules or add new modules, can be adapted directly around the body of a patient , This means that the physician can maintain a supply of flat rectangular plates and any one of them can be used on any patient. Once the plate has been adjusted to its position, it can be easily and quickly locked without having to endure a strenuous blocking action on the individual modules. For example, a flat plate may be irradiated with a hot air gun to make it flexible, it may be molded around the patient's body while still in flexible mode, and allowed to cool naturally to allow it to cool becomes rigid and performs a spine support function. All this can be done with an initially flat standard plate in a very short period of time and without strenuous and tedious tightening or loosening steps.
• 2. The resulting bandage will last for many years, and if any regulations are needed (as will bandages for children) they can be done quickly and easily. Furthermore, the bandage material is clean and safe and does not pose a health hazard to the patient. The bandage is also sufficiently rigid to carry the required loads and will remain in shape once locked.
• 3. For added convenience, the pliable construction can be padded, covered or padded to allow the flexible construction to act as a comfortable endoskeleton.

in the Generally, any of the flexible ones described in this application Abutments are modified so that it covers its entire surface or a part of which has a continuous surface. This can be done by Encapsulating the "skeleton" construction with a or two skins, the over the Skeleton are placed and glued to it, or by embedding the Skeletons in any kind of fluid, which is then allowed to solid to be achieved. This fluid may take the form of a foam or to accept a gel. It can Combinations of these two methods can be used, the Gaps be filled between the modules with a foam or gel and the resulting structure is covered with a skin. Where no skins used can, the surface can be smoothed by grinding or the like to a smooth continuous surface provide. The exact method that will be used will be from his fitness for depend on the intended application. It is thought that these methods are especially for uses as impact absorbing Upholstery or aerodynamic windproof or hydrodynamic waterproof Shapes (eg wings or boat hulls) are applicable.

The structure of the present invention may be used in other applications, for example, for handling sensitive articles or for rapid dimensional molding processes. The structure can be increased or decreased and for collapsible and reusable Schutzun be used.

Other possible Applications (not limiting the present invention considered) include:

Aviation and defense

• Space suits; Protective clothing; bulletproof vests and protection; Repair kits; filled structures; medical Accident care; Aircraft wing tank for fuel; inner and outer wings and bow cones; The fuel tank; wings; Parachutes, microlights, hang gliders.

Maritime

• Diving suits; Boats, canoes, paddles; Nets for catching fish or submarines; rigid sails.

Construction and architecture

• Notfallbauten; Tents, refugee, Disaster relief accommodation; acoustic structures for auditoriums; Modeling materials; Soil stabilization; Landscape architecture, trellis, fencing, Pond liners; decorative and curved structures; Furniture and seats; reusable and collapsible structures; Wave power electricity generation; Scaffolding; Tunnel reinforcement; DIY bases for curved superstructures; Molding, modeling and fixing materials; sculptures; Domed building; rohrbau and repair; Exhibition stands; Business displays; Superstructures at complicated places; Sheaths and small pipes for irrigation, Heating or cooling purposes; artistic and architectural bases for Sculptures.

Motor vehicle sector

• Vehicle design and modeling; Tarpaulins and hard top convertibles; customized seats; impact absorbing structures including airbag suspension; light reusable automotive components; Snap / Entschnapp technologies; Trucks - Alternatives to freight networks; Accident dummies; Winter tires.

Clothing and accessories

• Body protection; Hats and helmets; Footwear; Disco clothing; Jewelry - Necklaces and bracelets; Fashion accessories; Insert materials; Jackets that over a micro piping is heated / cooled become; Mannequins and business displays; Lingerie - Corsets, Bra, Bustle.

Toys and curios

• Action figures and dolls; general modeling materials; Construction toys in their basic form; Stress relief means; 3D puzzles.

sport and freetime

• Lightweight, rigid structures; Windsurfers, Skateboards, Snowboards, Ski, ski boots, sledges; Sports body protection; Cricket groin protection, Fencing, baseball gloves, upholstery and upholstery, boxer, motorcycle, Helmet, ice hockey protection; Tents, shelters and survival gear for climbers and Hikers, superstructures of suitcases and travel bags, leather saddle uppers.

Medical

• orthotics; Strengthening weakened members; Neck bandages; Wrist rests; Plaster casts; First aid (chemical or epoxy fixation); Stretchers; Fixations / rails to move bodies in the state of discovery; Modeling limbs, shoe insoles; Paddy bed shoes; Reconstructive surgery at the micro level; Locking of body joints, Limiting joint flexibility, fixing the area and the Direction of movement; Medical measurements - heart rate, respiration; Operating tables / patient positioning; Drug delivery.

Electronics and telecommunications

• carrier for curved / shaped thin LCD displays; 3D-shaped transmission sensors; Platforms for including portable electronics Mobile phones; GSM computers; shaped hands-free phones; collapsible Satellite dishes; Telecommunication masts, provisional, collapsible, prefabricated; Faraday cages and general electromagnetic interference / RFI shielding, Telephone boxes and acoustic hoods / shelters.

oil and gas

• Pipeline repair kits; Oil spill containments; structural supports in tunnel construction.

packaging

• Special packaging; Packaging for sensitive items.

Claims (56)

Flexible plate construction ( 100 ), comprising several interconnected modules ( 102 ), where the several modules ( 102 ) so together are bound, that a change in the effective area of the plate ( 100 ) is permitted while the plate remains flat and that movement out of the plane is permitted; characterized in that the area of the plate can be reduced to 80% or less of its original size while remaining flat, so that the plate can be smoothly adjusted to complex shapes. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 1, wherein the modules ( 102 ) by a joint ( 106 ) are interconnected with multiple degrees of freedom. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the effective area can be changed simultaneously with the movement out of the plane. Flexible panel construction according to one of the preceding Claims, the area the plate to 70% or less of its original size, preferably to 60% or less of their original Size, and in particular to 40% or less of its original size, while she stays flat. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each module ( 102 ) is capable of rotating about a first and a second axis with respect to an adjacent module to which it is connected, the first axis being parallel to the plane of the flat-laid plate to permit movement out of the plane, and the second axis is perpendicular to the plane of the flat-laid plate to allow for variation of the effective area. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 5, wherein a module ( 102 ) with respect to an adjacent module ( 102 ) to which it is connected may rotate over at least the full range of -10 ° to + 10 ° and preferably over the full range of -20 ° to + 20 ° about the axis parallel to the plane of the flat-laid plate. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a module ( 102 ) with respect to an adjacent module ( 102 ) to which it is connected, by between not more than -60 ° and not more than + 60 ° and preferably not more than -30 ° and not more than + 30 ° about the axis parallel to the plane of the flat plate can turn. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a module ( 102 ) with respect to an adjacent module ( 102 ) to which it is connected, over at least the full range of -10 ° to + 10 °, preferably over the full range of -30 ° to + 30 °, and in particular over the full range of -80 ° to + 80 ° can rotate about the axis perpendicular to the plane of the flat laid plate. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each module ( 102 ) has multiple nodes, and at least one of the modules ( 102 ) of each of its multiple nodes is connected to a node of another neighboring module. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 9, wherein each module ( 102 ) has three and only three nodes. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 9, wherein each module ( 102 ) has four and only four nodes. A flexible panel assembly as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein each node at the end of an arm ( 104 ) is located. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 11 or 12, wherein each arm ( 104 ) of the module ( 102 ) is parallel to the plane of the flat laid plate. A flexible panel assembly according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein each node connection is a single joint ( 106 ), which allows both rotation perpendicular to the plane of the flat laid plate and rotation parallel to the plane of the flat laid plate, preferably simultaneously, so that rotation about a single axis between the right and parallel axes is possible. Flexible plate assembly according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the modules ( 102 ) by a joint ( 106 ) having a plurality of degrees of freedom, which has a neutral axis that is substantially aligned with the plane of the flat-laid plate, with another module ( 102 ) connected is. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 15, wherein each module ( 102 ) of the plate by a single joint ( 106 ) having a plurality of degrees of freedom, having a neutral axis oriented substantially at 90 ° out of the plane of the flat-laid plate, with another module ( 102 ) connected is. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 14, wherein the single joint ( 106 ) has a neutral axis which is oriented at an angle to the plane of the flat-laid plate. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 14, wherein the single joint ( 106 ) a neutral axis which is aligned substantially parallel to the plane of the flat-laid plate. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the single joint ( 106 ) is a ball / ball sleeve joint. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 19, wherein the ball / ball joint a double-sided ball / ball sleeve joint is that has two balls and two ball sleeves. Flexible plate assembly according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one module ( 300 ) of the plate via a coupling component ( 302 ) with an adjacent module ( 300 ) connected is. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 21, wherein at least one module ( 300 ) by a joint ( 304 ) with the coupling component ( 302 ) permitting relative rotation between the module and the coupling component about an axis parallel to the plane of the flat-laid plate. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 21, wherein each module is connected by a hinge to the coupling component That is, a relative rotation between the module and the coupling component allowed around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the flat Plate runs. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 21, 22 or 23, wherein the coupling component is a single straight element ( 190 ), which has a ball at each of its ends. Flexible panel construction according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein the modules and the optional coupling components are interconnected are to be in the plane a regular pattern to form closed loops. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 25, wherein the loops around a relative rotation of modules Axis perpendicular to the plane of the flat-laid plate runs, shut down can, around their area decrease while the Plate remains flat to reduce the effective area of the plate. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each module ( 102 ) is capable of relating to an adjacent module ( 102 ) with which it is connected to rotate each of the mutually perpendicular axes lying in the plane of the flat-laid plate. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each module ( 102 ) is connected to a plurality of adjacent modules. A flexible panel assembly according to claim 12, wherein each of said arms ( 104 ) is regularly spaced from the other arms. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each module ( 102 ) is constructed of a We substantially rigid and non-flexible plastic material. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connections between modules ( 102 ) are arranged so that the pure relative displacement between adjacent modules is not possible. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each module ( 102 ) in the plate is substantially similar to the other modules of the plate in shape. Flexible panel construction according to one of the preceding Claims, further comprising an additional Material that is applied to give a smooth outer surface for the panel construction. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 33, wherein the extra Material a thin one Covering material that is glued to the majority of the modules. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 33, wherein the extra Material is applied as a fluid, so that it is the majority includes the modules. Flexible plate assembly according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one compound ( 106 ) between two modules a barrier material ( 400 ) capable of assuming at least two states, the at least two states including a first state allowing relative movement of the components and a second state preventing at least substantially such movement, wherein the selective delivery of energy to the barrier material, a transition between the two states is accomplished. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 36, wherein the selective movement is a rotation. Flexible plate assembly according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the first state is a softer state than the second state is. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 38, wherein the second state is a solid state. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 39, wherein the transition From the solid state to the soft state takes place and accomplished by providing heat to the barrier material. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 40, wherein the barrier material for it susceptible is to be heated by microwave energy to a higher degree than that Material of the movable structure, allowing the barrier material heat can be provided by the entire structure of a microwave radiation is suspended. Flexible plate assembly according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the first state is an extended state, and the second state Condition is a compressed state. Flexible plate assembly according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the first state is a compressed state, and the second state is an extended state. Flexible plate assembly according to claim 42 or 43, the transition from the compressed state to the expanded state, and is accomplished by providing heat or electricity to the barrier material becomes. Flexible plate assembly according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the first state is a non-adhered state, and the second state is a glued state. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 45, wherein the transition from the non-bonded state to the bonded state, and is done, by providing the compound with heat, UV radiation or electricity becomes. Flexible plate assembly according to one of claims 36 to 46, the transition is reversible. A flexible plate assembly according to any one of claims 36 to 47, wherein the connection is a ball / socket joint ( 106 ) and the barrier material ( 400 ) is arranged at least partially around the ball. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 48, wherein the ball and / or the ball sleeve has a flat portion (Fig. 112 ) and the barrier material ( 400 ) is located next to the flat section. A flexible plate assembly according to claim 48 or 49, wherein topographical features ( 402 . 404 ) which prevent rotation about the neutral axis of the ball / socket joint when the structure is locked. Flexible plate assembly according to one of claims 36 to 50, wherein the material is a thermoplastic material. Flexible plate assembly according to one of claims 36 to 51, wherein the material is a eutectic material. Flexible plate assembly according to one of claims 36 to 52, wherein the material is a thermosetting material. Flexible plate assembly according to one of claims 36 to 53, wherein the material is a polymer. Flexible panel construction according to one of the preceding Claims, all compounds in the plate according to one of claims 36 to 54 are lockable, making the plate selectively customizable and lockable is. Spinal brace, comprising the flexible plate assembly according to one of claims 1 to 55th